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Kubernetes Cluster Secutiry

API Authentication ( Securing API ): Who Can Access

As Kubernetes is entirely API driven, controlling and limiting who can access the cluster and what actions they are allowed to perform is the first line of defense.

Choose an authentication mechanism for the API servers to use that matches the common access patterns when you install a cluster.

Different Ways to Authenticate to API Server

      1) Files -- Username and Passwords. (Depricated in 1.19 & later versions)
      2) Files -- Username and Tokens.    (Depricated in 1.19 & later versions)
      3) Certificates (SSL/TLS).          (Default with cluster setup using kubeadm)
      4) External Authentication providers -- OIDC/LDAP/AD etc..
      5) Servie Accounts.

All API clients must be authenticated,

  • small single user clusters may wish to use a simple certificate or static Bearer token approach.
  • Larger clusters may wish to integrate an existing OIDC or LDAP server that allow users to be subdivided into groups.
  • those that are part of the infrastructure like nodes, proxies, the scheduler, controller manager, kubelet etc...
  • These clients are typically service accounts or use x509 client certificates, and they are created automatically at cluster startup or are setup as part of the cluster installation.

Use Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) for all API traffic

  • Kubernetes expects that all API communication in the cluster is encrypted by default with TLS, and the majority of installation methods will allow the necessary certificates/tokens to be created and distributed to the cluster components.

More Info about Authentication here

API Authorization: What can be done

Once authenticated, every API call is also expected to pass an authorization check.

Kubernetes ships an integrated Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) component that matches an incoming user or group to a set of permissions bundled into roles.

These permissions combine verbs (get, create, delete) with resources (pods, services, nodes) and can be namespace or cluster scoped.

More Info about Authorization here