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N E M E S I S - Crafting & Injection

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The Nemesis Project is designed to be a command line based, portable human IP stack for UNIX-like and Windows systems. The suite is broken down by protocol, and should allow for useful scripting of injected packets from simple shell scripts.

The latest release is always available from GitHub at

https://github.com/libnet/nemesis/releases

Key Features

  • ARP/RARP, DNS, ETHERNET, ICMP, IGMP, IP, OSPF, RIP, TCP and UDP protocol support
  • Layer 2 or Layer 3 injection on UNIX-like systems
  • Layer 2 injection (only) on Windows systems
  • Packet payload from file
  • IP and TCP options from file
  • Tested on OpenBSD, Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X and Windows 2000

Each supported protocol uses its own protocol "injector" which is accompanied by a man page explaining its functionality.

Consult the ChangeLog for release details, and the documentation for each protocol injector for in-depth descriptions of the available functionality.

Examples

  • Inject malformed ICMP redirect

      sudo nemesis icmp -S 10.10.10.3 -D 10.10.10.1 -G 10.10.10.3 -i 5

  • DHCP Discover (must use sudo and -d to send with source IP 0.0.0.0):

      sudo nemesis dhcp -d eth0

  • IGMP v2 join for group 239.186.39.5

      sudo nemesis igmp -v -p 22 -S 192.168.1.20 -g 239.186.39.5 -D 239.186.39.5

  • IGMP v2 query, max resp. time 10 sec, with Router Alert IP option

      echo -ne '\x94\x04\x00\x00' >RA
  sudo nemesis igmp -v -p 0x11 -c 100 -D 224.0.0.1 -O RA

    or

      echo -ne '\x94\x04\x00\x00' | sudo nemesis igmp -v -p 0x11 -c 100 -D 224.0.0.1 -O -

  • IGMP v3 query, with Router Alert IP option

      echo -ne '\x03\x64\x00\x00' > v3
  sudo nemesis igmp -p 0x11 -c 100 -i 0.0.0.0 -P v3 -D 224.0.0.1 -O RA

  • Random TCP packet

      sudo nemesis tcp

  • DoS and DDoS testing

      sudo nemesis tcp -v -S 192.168.1.1 -D 192.168.2.2 -fSA -y 22 -P foo
  sudo nemesis udp -v -S 10.11.12.13 -D 10.1.1.2 -x 11111 -y 53 -P bindpkt
  sudo nemesis icmp redirect -S 10.10.10.3 -D 10.10.10.1 -G 10.10.10.3 -qR
  sudo nemesis arp -v -d eth0 -H 0:1:2:3:4:5 -S 10.11.30.5 -D 10.10.15.1

Build & Install

Nemesis is built around libnet. Windows platform builds require libpcap as well. Nemesis <= 1.4 was built around libnet 1.0 and Nemesis >= 1.5 require libnet 1.1, or later.

Debian/Ubuntu

curl -sS https://deb.troglobit.com/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://deb.troglobit.com/debian stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/troglobit.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install nemesis

Building from Source

On Debian and Ubuntu derived GNU/Linux systems:

sudo apt install libnet1-dev

This installs the libnet headers and library in a standard location which the configure script easily can find. Should your libnet1 installation be in a non-standard location you can provide the paths like this:

configure LDFLAGS=-L/path/to/lib CPPFLAGS=-I/path/to/header

The GNU Configure & Build system use /usr/local as the default install prefix. Usually this is sufficient, the below example installs to /usr instead:

tar xf nemesis-1.7.tar.xz
cd nemesis-1.7/
./configure --prefix=/usr
make -j5
sudo make install-strip

Installing on Windows

nemesis.exe can be installed anywhere on a Windows system. The caveat is that LibnetNT.dll must exist either in the same directory as nemesis.exe or in any of the directories listed in the %PATH% variable. On Windows 2000 this would be %SystemRoot%\System32

Note: the windows build has not been tried or tested in over a decade. YYMV

Building from GIT

If you want to contribute, or simply want to try out the latest but still unreleased features, then you need to know a few things about the GNU Configure & Build system:

  • configure.ac and a per-directory Makefile.am are key files
  • configure and Makefile.in are generated from autogen.sh, they are not stored in GIT but automatically generated for the release tarballs
  • Makefile is generated by configure script

To build from GIT you first need to clone the repository and run the autogen.sh script. This requires automake and autoconf to be installed on your system.

git clone https://github.com/libnet/nemesis.git
cd nemesis/
./autogen.sh
./configure && make

GIT sources are a moving target and are not recommended for production systems, unless you know what you are doing!

Origin & References

  • 1999: Nemesis was created by Mark Grimes
  • 2001: Jeff Nathan took over maintainership
  • 2018: Project resurrected by Joachim Nilsson

The project is currently maintained at GitHub with the intention to serve as a focal point for new development. If you have patches and/or ideas, please submit them using the issue tracker or as pull requests.