rdkafkacpp.h

/*
 * librdkafka - Apache Kafka C/C++ library
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Magnus Edenhill
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef _RDKAFKACPP_H_
#define _RDKAFKACPP_H_

/**
 * @file rdkafkacpp.h
 * @brief Apache Kafka C/C++ consumer and producer client library.
 *
 * rdkafkacpp.h contains the public C++ API for librdkafka.
 * The API is documented in this file as comments prefixing the class,
 * function, type, enum, define, etc.
 * For more information, see the C interface in rdkafka.h and read the
 * manual in INTRODUCTION.md.
 * The C++ interface is STD C++ '03 compliant and adheres to the
 * Google C++ Style Guide.

 * @sa For the C interface see rdkafka.h
 *
 * @tableofcontents
 */

/**@cond NO_DOC*/
#include <string>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <stdint.h>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#undef RD_EXPORT
#ifdef LIBRDKAFKA_STATICLIB
#define RD_EXPORT
#else
#ifdef LIBRDKAFKACPP_EXPORTS
#define RD_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define RD_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
#endif
#else
#define RD_EXPORT
#endif

/**@endcond*/

extern "C" {
        /* Forward declarations */
        struct rd_kafka_s;
        struct rd_kafka_topic_s;
        struct rd_kafka_message_s;
}

namespace RdKafka {

/**
 * @name Miscellaneous APIs
 * @{
 */

/**
 * @brief librdkafka version
 *
 * Interpreted as hex \c MM.mm.rr.xx:
 *  - MM = Major
 *  - mm = minor
 *  - rr = revision
 *  - xx = pre-release id (0xff is the final release)
 *
 * E.g.: \c 0x000801ff = 0.8.1
 *
 * @remark This value should only be used during compile time,
 *         for runtime checks of version use RdKafka::version()
 */
#define RD_KAFKA_VERSION  0x010000ff

/**
 * @brief Returns the librdkafka version as integer.
 *
 * @sa See RD_KAFKA_VERSION for how to parse the integer format.
 */
RD_EXPORT
int          version ();

/**
 * @brief Returns the librdkafka version as string.
 */
RD_EXPORT
std::string  version_str();

/**
 * @brief Returns a CSV list of the supported debug contexts
 *        for use with Conf::Set("debug", ..).
 */
RD_EXPORT
std::string get_debug_contexts();

/**
 * @brief Wait for all rd_kafka_t objects to be destroyed.
 *
 * @returns 0 if all kafka objects are now destroyed, or -1 if the
 * timeout was reached.
 * Since RdKafka handle deletion is an asynch operation the
 * \p wait_destroyed() function can be used for applications where
 * a clean shutdown is required.
 */
RD_EXPORT
int          wait_destroyed(int timeout_ms);


/**@}*/



/**
 * @name Constants, errors, types
 * @{
 *
 *
 */

/**
 * @brief Error codes.
 *
 * The negative error codes delimited by two underscores
 * (\c _ERR__..) denotes errors internal to librdkafka and are
 * displayed as \c \"Local: \<error string..\>\", while the error codes
 * delimited by a single underscore (\c ERR_..) denote broker
 * errors and are displayed as \c \"Broker: \<error string..\>\".
 *
 * @sa Use RdKafka::err2str() to translate an error code a human readable string
 */
enum ErrorCode {
	/* Internal errors to rdkafka: */
	/** Begin internal error codes */
	ERR__BEGIN = -200,
	/** Received message is incorrect */
	ERR__BAD_MSG = -199,
	/** Bad/unknown compression */
	ERR__BAD_COMPRESSION = -198,
	/** Broker is going away */
	ERR__DESTROY = -197,
	/** Generic failure */
	ERR__FAIL = -196,
	/** Broker transport failure */
	ERR__TRANSPORT = -195,
	/** Critical system resource */
	ERR__CRIT_SYS_RESOURCE = -194,
	/** Failed to resolve broker */
	ERR__RESOLVE = -193,
	/** Produced message timed out*/
	ERR__MSG_TIMED_OUT = -192,
	/** Reached the end of the topic+partition queue on
	 * the broker. Not really an error. */
	ERR__PARTITION_EOF = -191,
	/** Permanent: Partition does not exist in cluster. */
	ERR__UNKNOWN_PARTITION = -190,
	/** File or filesystem error */
	ERR__FS = -189,
	 /** Permanent: Topic does not exist in cluster. */
	ERR__UNKNOWN_TOPIC = -188,
	/** All broker connections are down. */
	ERR__ALL_BROKERS_DOWN = -187,
	/** Invalid argument, or invalid configuration */
	ERR__INVALID_ARG = -186,
	/** Operation timed out */
	ERR__TIMED_OUT = -185,
	/** Queue is full */
	ERR__QUEUE_FULL = -184,
	/** ISR count < required.acks */
        ERR__ISR_INSUFF = -183,
	/** Broker node update */
        ERR__NODE_UPDATE = -182,
	/** SSL error */
	ERR__SSL = -181,
	/** Waiting for coordinator to become available. */
        ERR__WAIT_COORD = -180,
	/** Unknown client group */
        ERR__UNKNOWN_GROUP = -179,
	/** Operation in progress */
        ERR__IN_PROGRESS = -178,
	 /** Previous operation in progress, wait for it to finish. */
        ERR__PREV_IN_PROGRESS = -177,
	 /** This operation would interfere with an existing subscription */
        ERR__EXISTING_SUBSCRIPTION = -176,
	/** Assigned partitions (rebalance_cb) */
        ERR__ASSIGN_PARTITIONS = -175,
	/** Revoked partitions (rebalance_cb) */
        ERR__REVOKE_PARTITIONS = -174,
	/** Conflicting use */
        ERR__CONFLICT = -173,
	/** Wrong state */
        ERR__STATE = -172,
	/** Unknown protocol */
        ERR__UNKNOWN_PROTOCOL = -171,
	/** Not implemented */
        ERR__NOT_IMPLEMENTED = -170,
	/** Authentication failure*/
	ERR__AUTHENTICATION = -169,
	/** No stored offset */
	ERR__NO_OFFSET = -168,
	/** Outdated */
	ERR__OUTDATED = -167,
	/** Timed out in queue */
	ERR__TIMED_OUT_QUEUE = -166,
        /** Feature not supported by broker */
        ERR__UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE = -165,
        /** Awaiting cache update */
        ERR__WAIT_CACHE = -164,
        /** Operation interrupted */
        ERR__INTR = -163,
        /** Key serialization error */
        ERR__KEY_SERIALIZATION = -162,
        /** Value serialization error */
        ERR__VALUE_SERIALIZATION = -161,
        /** Key deserialization error */
        ERR__KEY_DESERIALIZATION = -160,
        /** Value deserialization error */
        ERR__VALUE_DESERIALIZATION = -159,
        /** Partial response */
        ERR__PARTIAL = -158,
        /** Modification attempted on read-only object */
        ERR__READ_ONLY = -157,
        /** No such entry / item not found */
        ERR__NOENT = -156,
        /** Read underflow */
        ERR__UNDERFLOW = -155,
        /** Invalid type */
        ERR__INVALID_TYPE = -154,
        /** Retry operation */
        ERR__RETRY = -153,
        /** Purged in queue */
        ERR__PURGE_QUEUE = -152,
        /** Purged in flight */
        ERR__PURGE_INFLIGHT = -151,
        /** Fatal error: see ::fatal_error() */
        ERR__FATAL = -150,
        /** Inconsistent state */
        ERR__INCONSISTENT = -149,
        /** Gap-less ordering would not be guaranteed if proceeding */
        ERR__GAPLESS_GUARANTEE = -148,
        /** Maximum poll interval exceeded */
        ERR__MAX_POLL_EXCEEDED = -147,

        /** End internal error codes */
	ERR__END = -100,

	/* Kafka broker errors: */
	/** Unknown broker error */
	ERR_UNKNOWN = -1,
	/** Success */
	ERR_NO_ERROR = 0,
	/** Offset out of range */
	ERR_OFFSET_OUT_OF_RANGE = 1,
	/** Invalid message */
	ERR_INVALID_MSG = 2,
	/** Unknown topic or partition */
	ERR_UNKNOWN_TOPIC_OR_PART = 3,
	/** Invalid message size */
	ERR_INVALID_MSG_SIZE = 4,
	/** Leader not available */
	ERR_LEADER_NOT_AVAILABLE = 5,
	/** Not leader for partition */
	ERR_NOT_LEADER_FOR_PARTITION = 6,
	/** Request timed out */
	ERR_REQUEST_TIMED_OUT = 7,
	/** Broker not available */
	ERR_BROKER_NOT_AVAILABLE = 8,
	/** Replica not available */
	ERR_REPLICA_NOT_AVAILABLE = 9,
	/** Message size too large */
	ERR_MSG_SIZE_TOO_LARGE = 10,
	/** StaleControllerEpochCode */
	ERR_STALE_CTRL_EPOCH = 11,
	/** Offset metadata string too large */
	ERR_OFFSET_METADATA_TOO_LARGE = 12,
	/** Broker disconnected before response received */
	ERR_NETWORK_EXCEPTION = 13,
	/** Group coordinator load in progress */
        ERR_GROUP_LOAD_IN_PROGRESS = 14,
	 /** Group coordinator not available */
        ERR_GROUP_COORDINATOR_NOT_AVAILABLE = 15,
	/** Not coordinator for group */
        ERR_NOT_COORDINATOR_FOR_GROUP = 16,
	/** Invalid topic */
        ERR_TOPIC_EXCEPTION = 17,
	/** Message batch larger than configured server segment size */
        ERR_RECORD_LIST_TOO_LARGE = 18,
	/** Not enough in-sync replicas */
        ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_REPLICAS = 19,
	/** Message(s) written to insufficient number of in-sync replicas */
        ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_REPLICAS_AFTER_APPEND = 20,
	/** Invalid required acks value */
        ERR_INVALID_REQUIRED_ACKS = 21,
	/** Specified group generation id is not valid */
        ERR_ILLEGAL_GENERATION = 22,
	/** Inconsistent group protocol */
        ERR_INCONSISTENT_GROUP_PROTOCOL = 23,
	/** Invalid group.id */
	ERR_INVALID_GROUP_ID = 24,
	/** Unknown member */
        ERR_UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID = 25,
	/** Invalid session timeout */
        ERR_INVALID_SESSION_TIMEOUT = 26,
	/** Group rebalance in progress */
	ERR_REBALANCE_IN_PROGRESS = 27,
	/** Commit offset data size is not valid */
        ERR_INVALID_COMMIT_OFFSET_SIZE = 28,
	/** Topic authorization failed */
        ERR_TOPIC_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED = 29,
	/** Group authorization failed */
	ERR_GROUP_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED = 30,
	/** Cluster authorization failed */
	ERR_CLUSTER_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED = 31,
        /** Invalid timestamp */
        ERR_INVALID_TIMESTAMP = 32,
        /** Unsupported SASL mechanism */
        ERR_UNSUPPORTED_SASL_MECHANISM = 33,
        /** Illegal SASL state */
        ERR_ILLEGAL_SASL_STATE = 34,
        /** Unuspported version */
        ERR_UNSUPPORTED_VERSION = 35,
        /** Topic already exists */
        ERR_TOPIC_ALREADY_EXISTS = 36,
        /** Invalid number of partitions */
        ERR_INVALID_PARTITIONS = 37,
        /** Invalid replication factor */
        ERR_INVALID_REPLICATION_FACTOR = 38,
        /** Invalid replica assignment */
        ERR_INVALID_REPLICA_ASSIGNMENT = 39,
        /** Invalid config */
        ERR_INVALID_CONFIG = 40,
        /** Not controller for cluster */
        ERR_NOT_CONTROLLER = 41,
        /** Invalid request */
        ERR_INVALID_REQUEST = 42,
        /** Message format on broker does not support request */
        ERR_UNSUPPORTED_FOR_MESSAGE_FORMAT = 43,
        /** Policy violation */
        ERR_POLICY_VIOLATION = 44,
        /** Broker received an out of order sequence number */
        ERR_OUT_OF_ORDER_SEQUENCE_NUMBER = 45,
        /** Broker received a duplicate sequence number */
        ERR_DUPLICATE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER = 46,
        /** Producer attempted an operation with an old epoch */
        ERR_INVALID_PRODUCER_EPOCH = 47,
        /** Producer attempted a transactional operation in an invalid state */
        ERR_INVALID_TXN_STATE = 48,
        /** Producer attempted to use a producer id which is not
         *  currently assigned to its transactional id */
        ERR_INVALID_PRODUCER_ID_MAPPING = 49,
        /** Transaction timeout is larger than the maximum
         *  value allowed by the broker's max.transaction.timeout.ms */
        ERR_INVALID_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT = 50,
        /** Producer attempted to update a transaction while another
         *  concurrent operation on the same transaction was ongoing */
        ERR_CONCURRENT_TRANSACTIONS = 51,
        /** Indicates that the transaction coordinator sending a
         *  WriteTxnMarker is no longer the current coordinator for a
         *  given producer */
        ERR_TRANSACTION_COORDINATOR_FENCED = 52,
        /** Transactional Id authorization failed */
        ERR_TRANSACTIONAL_ID_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED = 53,
        /** Security features are disabled */
        ERR_SECURITY_DISABLED = 54,
        /** Operation not attempted */
        ERR_OPERATION_NOT_ATTEMPTED = 55,
        /** Disk error when trying to access log file on the disk */
        ERR_KAFKA_STORAGE_ERROR = 56,
        /** The user-specified log directory is not found in the broker config */
        ERR_LOG_DIR_NOT_FOUND = 57,
        /** SASL Authentication failed */
        ERR_SASL_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED = 58,
        /** Unknown Producer Id */
        ERR_UNKNOWN_PRODUCER_ID = 59,
        /** Partition reassignment is in progress */
        ERR_REASSIGNMENT_IN_PROGRESS = 60,
        /** Delegation Token feature is not enabled */
        ERR_DELEGATION_TOKEN_AUTH_DISABLED = 61,
        /** Delegation Token is not found on server */
        ERR_DELEGATION_TOKEN_NOT_FOUND = 62,
        /** Specified Principal is not valid Owner/Renewer */
        ERR_DELEGATION_TOKEN_OWNER_MISMATCH = 63,
        /** Delegation Token requests are not allowed on this connection */
        ERR_DELEGATION_TOKEN_REQUEST_NOT_ALLOWED = 64,
        /** Delegation Token authorization failed */
        ERR_DELEGATION_TOKEN_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED = 65,
        /** Delegation Token is expired */
        ERR_DELEGATION_TOKEN_EXPIRED = 66,
        /** Supplied principalType is not supported */
        ERR_INVALID_PRINCIPAL_TYPE = 67,
        /** The group is not empty */
        ERR_NON_EMPTY_GROUP = 68,
        /** The group id does not exist */
        ERR_GROUP_ID_NOT_FOUND = 69,
        /** The fetch session ID was not found */
        ERR_FETCH_SESSION_ID_NOT_FOUND = 70,
        /** The fetch session epoch is invalid */
        ERR_INVALID_FETCH_SESSION_EPOCH = 71,
        /** No matching listener */
        ERR_LISTENER_NOT_FOUND = 72,
        /** Topic deletion is disabled */
        ERR_TOPIC_DELETION_DISABLED = 73,
        /** Unsupported compression type */
        ERR_UNSUPPORTED_COMPRESSION_TYPE = 74
};


/**
 * @brief Returns a human readable representation of a kafka error.
 */
RD_EXPORT
std::string  err2str(RdKafka::ErrorCode err);


/**@} */



/**@cond NO_DOC*/
/* Forward declarations */
class Producer;
class Message;
class Headers;
class Queue;
class Event;
class Topic;
class TopicPartition;
class Metadata;
class KafkaConsumer;
/**@endcond*/


/**
 * @name Callback classes
 * @{
 *
 *
 * librdkafka uses (optional) callbacks to propagate information and
 * delegate decisions to the application logic.
 *
 * An application must call RdKafka::poll() at regular intervals to
 * serve queued callbacks.
 */


/**
 * @brief Delivery Report callback class
 *
 * The delivery report callback will be called once for each message
 * accepted by RdKafka::Producer::produce() (et.al) with
 * RdKafka::Message::err() set to indicate the result of the produce request.
 *
 * The callback is called when a message is succesfully produced or
 * if librdkafka encountered a permanent failure, or the retry counter for
 * temporary errors has been exhausted.
 *
 * An application must call RdKafka::poll() at regular intervals to
 * serve queued delivery report callbacks.

 */
class RD_EXPORT DeliveryReportCb {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Delivery report callback.
   */
  virtual void dr_cb (Message &message) = 0;

  virtual ~DeliveryReportCb() { }
};


/**
 * @brief Partitioner callback class
 *
 * Generic partitioner callback class for implementing custom partitioners.
 *
 * @sa RdKafka::Conf::set() \c "partitioner_cb"
 */
class RD_EXPORT PartitionerCb {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Partitioner callback
   *
   * Return the partition to use for \p key in \p topic.
   *
   * The \p msg_opaque is the same \p msg_opaque provided in the
   * RdKafka::Producer::produce() call.
   *
   * @remark \p key may be NULL or the empty.
   *
   * @returns Must return a value between 0 and \p partition_cnt (non-inclusive).
   *          May return RD_KAFKA_PARTITION_UA (-1) if partitioning failed.
   *
   * @sa The callback may use RdKafka::Topic::partition_available() to check
   *     if a partition has an active leader broker.
   */
  virtual int32_t partitioner_cb (const Topic *topic,
                                  const std::string *key,
                                  int32_t partition_cnt,
                                  void *msg_opaque) = 0;

  virtual ~PartitionerCb() { }
};

/**
 * @brief  Variant partitioner with key pointer
 *
 */
class PartitionerKeyPointerCb {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Variant partitioner callback that gets \p key as pointer and length
   *        instead of as a const std::string *.
   *
   * @remark \p key may be NULL or have \p key_len 0.
   *
   * @sa See RdKafka::PartitionerCb::partitioner_cb() for exact semantics
   */
  virtual int32_t partitioner_cb (const Topic *topic,
                                  const void *key,
                                  size_t key_len,
                                  int32_t partition_cnt,
                                  void *msg_opaque) = 0;

  virtual ~PartitionerKeyPointerCb() { }
};



/**
 * @brief Event callback class
 *
 * Events are a generic interface for propagating errors, statistics, logs, etc
 * from librdkafka to the application.
 *
 * @sa RdKafka::Event
 */
class RD_EXPORT EventCb {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Event callback
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::Event
   */
  virtual void event_cb (Event &event) = 0;

  virtual ~EventCb() { }
};


/**
 * @brief Event object class as passed to the EventCb callback.
 */
class RD_EXPORT Event {
 public:
  /** @brief Event type */
  enum Type {
    EVENT_ERROR,     /**< Event is an error condition */
    EVENT_STATS,     /**< Event is a statistics JSON document */
    EVENT_LOG,       /**< Event is a log message */
    EVENT_THROTTLE   /**< Event is a throttle level signaling from the broker */
  };

  /** @brief EVENT_LOG severities (conforms to syslog(3) severities) */
  enum Severity {
    EVENT_SEVERITY_EMERG = 0,
    EVENT_SEVERITY_ALERT = 1,
    EVENT_SEVERITY_CRITICAL = 2,
    EVENT_SEVERITY_ERROR = 3,
    EVENT_SEVERITY_WARNING = 4,
    EVENT_SEVERITY_NOTICE = 5,
    EVENT_SEVERITY_INFO = 6,
    EVENT_SEVERITY_DEBUG = 7
  };

  virtual ~Event () { }

  /*
   * Event Accessor methods
   */

  /**
   * @returns The event type
   * @remark Applies to all event types
   */
  virtual Type        type () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns Event error, if any.
   * @remark Applies to all event types except THROTTLE
   */
  virtual ErrorCode   err () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns Log severity level.
   * @remark Applies to LOG event type.
   */
  virtual Severity    severity () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns Log facility string.
   * @remark Applies to LOG event type.
   */
  virtual std::string fac () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns Log message string.
   *
   * \c EVENT_LOG: Log message string.
   * \c EVENT_STATS: JSON object (as string).
   *
   * @remark Applies to LOG event type.
   */
  virtual std::string str () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns Throttle time in milliseconds.
   * @remark Applies to THROTTLE event type.
   */
  virtual int         throttle_time () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns Throttling broker's name.
   * @remark Applies to THROTTLE event type.
   */
  virtual std::string broker_name () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns Throttling broker's id.
   * @remark Applies to THROTTLE event type.
   */
  virtual int         broker_id () const = 0;


  /**
   * @returns true if this is a fatal error.
   * @remark Applies to ERROR event type.
   * @sa RdKafka::Handle::fatal_error()
   */
  virtual bool        fatal () const = 0;
};



/**
 * @brief Consume callback class
 */
class RD_EXPORT ConsumeCb {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief The consume callback is used with
   *        RdKafka::Consumer::consume_callback()
   *        methods and will be called for each consumed \p message.
   *
   * The callback interface is optional but provides increased performance.
   */
  virtual void consume_cb (Message &message, void *opaque) = 0;

  virtual ~ConsumeCb() { }
};


/**
 * @brief \b KafkaConsumer: Rebalance callback class
 */
class RD_EXPORT RebalanceCb {
public:
  /**
   * @brief Group rebalance callback for use with RdKafka::KafkaConsumer
   *
   * Registering a \p rebalance_cb turns off librdkafka's automatic
   * partition assignment/revocation and instead delegates that responsibility
   * to the application's \p rebalance_cb.
   *
   * The rebalance callback is responsible for updating librdkafka's
   * assignment set based on the two events: RdKafka::ERR__ASSIGN_PARTITIONS
   * and RdKafka::ERR__REVOKE_PARTITIONS but should also be able to handle
   * arbitrary rebalancing failures where \p err is neither of those.
   * @remark In this latter case (arbitrary error), the application must
   *         call unassign() to synchronize state.

   *
   * Without a rebalance callback this is done automatically by librdkafka
   * but registering a rebalance callback gives the application flexibility
   * in performing other operations along with the assinging/revocation,
   * such as fetching offsets from an alternate location (on assign)
   * or manually committing offsets (on revoke).
   *
   * The following example show's the application's responsibilities:
   * @code
   *    class MyRebalanceCb : public RdKafka::RebalanceCb {
   *     public:
   *      void rebalance_cb (RdKafka::KafkaConsumer *consumer,
   *     	      RdKafka::ErrorCode err,
   *                  std::vector<RdKafka::TopicPartition*> &partitions) {
   *         if (err == RdKafka::ERR__ASSIGN_PARTITIONS) {
   *           // application may load offets from arbitrary external
   *           // storage here and update \p partitions
   *
   *           consumer->assign(partitions);
   *
   *         } else if (err == RdKafka::ERR__REVOKE_PARTITIONS) {
   *           // Application may commit offsets manually here
   *           // if auto.commit.enable=false
   *
   *           consumer->unassign();
   *
   *         } else {
   *           std::cerr << "Rebalancing error: <<
   *                        RdKafka::err2str(err) << std::endl;
   *           consumer->unassign();
   *         }
   *     }
   *  }
   * @endcode
   */
 virtual void rebalance_cb (RdKafka::KafkaConsumer *consumer,
			    RdKafka::ErrorCode err,
                            std::vector<TopicPartition*>&partitions) = 0;

 virtual ~RebalanceCb() { }
};


/**
 * @brief Offset Commit callback class
 */
class RD_EXPORT OffsetCommitCb {
public:
  /**
   * @brief Set offset commit callback for use with consumer groups
   *
   * The results of automatic or manual offset commits will be scheduled
   * for this callback and is served by RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::consume().
   *
   * If no partitions had valid offsets to commit this callback will be called
   * with \p err == ERR__NO_OFFSET which is not to be considered an error.
   *
   * The \p offsets list contains per-partition information:
   *   - \c topic      The topic committed
   *   - \c partition  The partition committed
   *   - \c offset:    Committed offset (attempted)
   *   - \c err:       Commit error
   */
  virtual void offset_commit_cb(RdKafka::ErrorCode err,
                                std::vector<TopicPartition*>&offsets) = 0;

  virtual ~OffsetCommitCb() { }
};



/**
 * @brief \b Portability: SocketCb callback class
 *
 */
class RD_EXPORT SocketCb {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Socket callback
   *
   * The socket callback is responsible for opening a socket
   * according to the supplied \p domain, \p type and \p protocol.
   * The socket shall be created with \c CLOEXEC set in a racefree fashion, if
   * possible.
   *
   * It is typically not required to register an alternative socket
   * implementation
   *
   * @returns The socket file descriptor or -1 on error (\c errno must be set)
   */
  virtual int socket_cb (int domain, int type, int protocol) = 0;

  virtual ~SocketCb() { }
};


/**
 * @brief \b Portability: OpenCb callback class
 *
 */
class RD_EXPORT OpenCb {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Open callback
   * The open callback is responsible for opening the file specified by
   * \p pathname, using \p flags and \p mode.
   * The file shall be opened with \c CLOEXEC set in a racefree fashion, if
   * possible.
   *
   * It is typically not required to register an alternative open implementation
   *
   * @remark Not currently available on native Win32
   */
  virtual int open_cb (const std::string &path, int flags, int mode) = 0;

  virtual ~OpenCb() { }
};


/**@}*/




/**
 * @name Configuration interface
 * @{
 *
 */

/**
 * @brief Configuration interface
 *
 * Holds either global or topic configuration that are passed to
 * RdKafka::Consumer::create(), RdKafka::Producer::create(),
 * RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::create(), etc.
 *
 * @sa CONFIGURATION.md for the full list of supported properties.
 */
class RD_EXPORT Conf {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Configuration object type
   */
  enum ConfType {
    CONF_GLOBAL, /**< Global configuration */
    CONF_TOPIC   /**< Topic specific configuration */
  };

  /**
   * @brief RdKafka::Conf::Set() result code
   */
  enum ConfResult {
    CONF_UNKNOWN = -2,  /**< Unknown configuration property */
    CONF_INVALID = -1,  /**< Invalid configuration value */
    CONF_OK = 0         /**< Configuration property was succesfully set */
  };


  /**
   * @brief Create configuration object
   */
  static Conf *create (ConfType type);

  virtual ~Conf () { }

  /**
   * @brief Set configuration property \p name to value \p value.
   *
   * Fallthrough:
   * Topic-level configuration properties may be set using this interface
   * in which case they are applied on the \c default_topic_conf.
   * If no \c default_topic_conf has been set one will be created.
   * Any sub-sequent set("default_topic_conf", ..) calls will
   * replace the current default topic configuration.

   * @returns CONF_OK on success, else writes a human readable error
   *          description to \p errstr on error.
   */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                const std::string &value,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"dr_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                DeliveryReportCb *dr_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"event_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                EventCb *event_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"default_topic_conf\"
   *
   * Sets the default topic configuration to use for for automatically
   * subscribed topics.
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::subscribe()
   */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                const Conf *topic_conf,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"partitioner_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                PartitionerCb *partitioner_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"partitioner_key_pointer_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                PartitionerKeyPointerCb *partitioner_kp_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"socket_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name, SocketCb *socket_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"open_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name, OpenCb *open_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"rebalance_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                RebalanceCb *rebalance_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"offset_commit_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name,
                                OffsetCommitCb *offset_commit_cb,
                                std::string &errstr) = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *
   * Do not use this method to get callbacks registered by the configuration file.
   * Instead use the specific get() methods with the specific callback parameter in the signature.
   *
   * Fallthrough:
   * Topic-level configuration properties from the \c default_topic_conf
   * may be retrieved using this interface.
   *
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p value. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(const std::string &name,
	  std::string &value) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p dr_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(DeliveryReportCb *&dr_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p event_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(EventCb *&event_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p partitioner_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(PartitionerCb *&partitioner_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p partitioner_kp_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(PartitionerKeyPointerCb *&partitioner_kp_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p socket_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(SocketCb *&socket_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p open_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(OpenCb *&open_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p rebalance_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(RebalanceCb *&rebalance_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Query single configuration value
   *  @returns CONF_OK if the property was set previously set and
   *           returns the value in \p offset_commit_cb. */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult get(OffsetCommitCb *&offset_commit_cb) const = 0;

  /** @brief Dump configuration names and values to list containing
   *         name,value tuples */
  virtual std::list<std::string> *dump () = 0;

  /** @brief Use with \p name = \c \"consume_cb\" */
  virtual Conf::ConfResult set (const std::string &name, ConsumeCb *consume_cb,
				std::string &errstr) = 0;
};

/**@}*/


/**
 * @name Kafka base client handle
 * @{
 *
 */

/**
 * @brief Base handle, super class for specific clients.
 */
class RD_EXPORT Handle {
 public:
  virtual ~Handle() { }

  /** @returns the name of the handle */
  virtual const std::string name () const = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns the client's broker-assigned group member id
   *
   * @remark This currently requires the high-level KafkaConsumer
   *
   * @returns Last assigned member id, or empty string if not currently
   *          a group member.
   */
  virtual const std::string memberid () const = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Polls the provided kafka handle for events.
   *
   * Events will trigger application provided callbacks to be called.
   *
   * The \p timeout_ms argument specifies the maximum amount of time
   * (in milliseconds) that the call will block waiting for events.
   * For non-blocking calls, provide 0 as \p timeout_ms.
   * To wait indefinately for events, provide -1.
   *
   * Events:
   *   - delivery report callbacks (if an RdKafka::DeliveryCb is configured) [producer]
   *   - event callbacks (if an RdKafka::EventCb is configured) [producer & consumer]
   *
   * @remark  An application should make sure to call poll() at regular
   *          intervals to serve any queued callbacks waiting to be called.
   *
   * @warning This method MUST NOT be used with the RdKafka::KafkaConsumer,
   *          use its RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::consume() instead.
   *
   * @returns the number of events served.
   */
  virtual int poll (int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief  Returns the current out queue length
   *
   * The out queue contains messages and requests waiting to be sent to,
   * or acknowledged by, the broker.
   */
  virtual int outq_len () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Request Metadata from broker.
   *
   * Parameters:
   *  \p all_topics  - if non-zero: request info about all topics in cluster,
   *                   if zero: only request info about locally known topics.
   *  \p only_rkt    - only request info about this topic
   *  \p metadatap   - pointer to hold metadata result.
   *                   The \p *metadatap pointer must be released with \c delete.
   *  \p timeout_ms  - maximum response time before failing.
   *
   * @returns RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR on success (in which case \p *metadatap
   * will be set), else RdKafka::ERR__TIMED_OUT on timeout or
   * other error code on error.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode metadata (bool all_topics, const Topic *only_rkt,
                              Metadata **metadatap, int timeout_ms) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Pause producing or consumption for the provided list of partitions.
   *
   * Success or error is returned per-partition in the \p partitions list.
   *
   * @returns ErrorCode::NO_ERROR
   *
   * @sa resume()
   */
  virtual ErrorCode pause (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &partitions) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Resume producing or consumption for the provided list of partitions.
   *
   * Success or error is returned per-partition in the \p partitions list.
   *
   * @returns ErrorCode::NO_ERROR
   *
   * @sa pause()
   */
  virtual ErrorCode resume (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &partitions) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Query broker for low (oldest/beginning)
   *        and high (newest/end) offsets for partition.
   *
   * Offsets are returned in \p *low and \p *high respectively.
   *
   * @returns RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR on success or an error code on failure.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode query_watermark_offsets (const std::string &topic,
					     int32_t partition,
					     int64_t *low, int64_t *high,
					     int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Get last known low (oldest/beginning)
   *        and high (newest/end) offsets for partition.
   *
   * The low offset is updated periodically (if statistics.interval.ms is set)
   * while the high offset is updated on each fetched message set from the
   * broker.
   *
   * If there is no cached offset (either low or high, or both) then
   * OFFSET_INVALID will be returned for the respective offset.
   *
   * Offsets are returned in \p *low and \p *high respectively.
   *
   * @returns RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR on success or an error code on failure.
   *
   * @remark Shall only be used with an active consumer instance.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode get_watermark_offsets (const std::string &topic,
					   int32_t partition,
					   int64_t *low, int64_t *high) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Look up the offsets for the given partitions by timestamp.
   *
   * The returned offset for each partition is the earliest offset whose
   * timestamp is greater than or equal to the given timestamp in the
   * corresponding partition.
   *
   * The timestamps to query are represented as \c offset in \p offsets
   * on input, and \c offset() will return the closest earlier offset
   * for the timestamp on output.
   *
   * Timestamps are expressed as milliseconds since epoch (UTC).
   *
   * The function will block for at most \p timeout_ms milliseconds.
   *
   * @remark Duplicate Topic+Partitions are not supported.
   * @remark Errors are also returned per TopicPartition, see \c err()
   *
   * @returns an error code for general errors, else RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR
   *          in which case per-partition errors might be set.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode offsetsForTimes (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &offsets,
                                     int timeout_ms) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Retrieve queue for a given partition.
   *
   * @returns The fetch queue for the given partition if successful. Else,
   *          NULL is returned.
   *          
   * @remark This function only works on consumers.
   */
  virtual Queue *get_partition_queue (const TopicPartition *partition) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Forward librdkafka logs (and debug) to the specified queue
   *        for serving with one of the ..poll() calls.
   *
   *        This allows an application to serve log callbacks (\c log_cb)
   *        in its thread of choice.
   *
   * @param queue Queue to forward logs to. If the value is NULL the logs
   *        are forwarded to the main queue.
   *
   * @remark The configuration property \c log.queue MUST also be set to true.
   *
   * @remark librdkafka maintains its own reference to the provided queue.
   *
   * @returns ERR_NO_ERROR on success or an error code on error.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode set_log_queue (Queue *queue) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Cancels the current callback dispatcher (Producer::poll(),
   *        Consumer::poll(), KafkaConsumer::consume(), etc).
   *
   * A callback may use this to force an immediate return to the calling
   * code (caller of e.g. ..::poll()) without processing any further
   * events.
   *
   * @remark This function MUST ONLY be called from within a
   *         librdkafka callback.
   */
  virtual void yield () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns the ClusterId as reported in broker metadata.
   *
   * @param timeout_ms If there is no cached value from metadata retrieval
   *                   then this specifies the maximum amount of time
   *                   (in milliseconds) the call will block waiting
   *                   for metadata to be retrieved.
   *                   Use 0 for non-blocking calls.
   *
   * @remark Requires broker version >=0.10.0 and api.version.request=true.
   *
   * @returns Last cached ClusterId, or empty string if no ClusterId could be
   *          retrieved in the allotted timespan.
   */
  virtual const std::string clusterid (int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns the underlying librdkafka C rd_kafka_t handle.
   *
   * @warning Calling the C API on this handle is not recommended and there
   *          is no official support for it, but for cases where the C++
   *          does not provide the proper functionality this C handle can be
   *          used to interact directly with the core librdkafka API.
   *
   * @remark The lifetime of the returned pointer is the same as the Topic
   *         object this method is called on.
   *
   * @remark Include <rdkafka/rdkafka.h> prior to including
   *         <rdkafka/rdkafkacpp.h>
   *
   * @returns \c rd_kafka_t*
   */
  virtual struct rd_kafka_s *c_ptr () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns the current ControllerId (controller broker id)
   *        as reported in broker metadata.
   *
   * @param timeout_ms If there is no cached value from metadata retrieval
   *                   then this specifies the maximum amount of time
   *                   (in milliseconds) the call will block waiting
   *                   for metadata to be retrieved.
   *                   Use 0 for non-blocking calls.
   *
   * @remark Requires broker version >=0.10.0 and api.version.request=true.
   *
   * @returns Last cached ControllerId, or -1 if no ControllerId could be
   *          retrieved in the allotted timespan.
   */
  virtual int32_t controllerid (int timeout_ms) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Returns the first fatal error set on this client instance,
   *        or ERR_NO_ERROR if no fatal error has occurred.
   *
   * This function is to be used with the Idempotent Producer and
   * the Event class for \c EVENT_ERROR events to detect fatal errors.
   *
   * Generally all errors raised by the error event are to be considered
   * informational and temporary, the client will try to recover from all
   * errors in a graceful fashion (by retrying, etc).
   *
   * However, some errors should logically be considered fatal to retain
   * consistency; in particular a set of errors that may occur when using the
   * Idempotent Producer and the in-order or exactly-once producer guarantees
   * can't be satisfied.
   *
   * @param errstr A human readable error string if a fatal error was set.
   *
   * @returns ERR_NO_ERROR if no fatal error has been raised, else
   *          any other error code.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode fatal_error (std::string &errstr) = 0;
};


/**@}*/


/**
 * @name Topic and partition objects
 * @{
 *
 */

/**
 * @brief Topic+Partition
 *
 * This is a generic type to hold a single partition and various
 * information about it.
 *
 * Is typically used with std::vector<RdKafka::TopicPartition*> to provide
 * a list of partitions for different operations.
 */
class RD_EXPORT TopicPartition {
public:
  /**
   * Create topic+partition object for \p topic and \p partition
   * and optionally \p offset.
   *
   * Use \c delete to deconstruct.
   */
  static TopicPartition *create (const std::string &topic, int partition);
  static TopicPartition *create (const std::string &topic, int partition,
                                 int64_t offset);

  virtual ~TopicPartition() = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Destroy/delete the TopicPartitions in \p partitions
   *        and clear the vector.
   */
  static void destroy (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &partitions);

  /** @returns topic name */
  virtual const std::string &topic () const = 0;

  /** @returns partition id */
  virtual int partition () const = 0;

  /** @returns offset (if applicable) */
  virtual int64_t offset () const = 0;

  /** @brief Set offset */
  virtual void set_offset (int64_t offset) = 0;

  /** @returns error code (if applicable) */
  virtual ErrorCode err () const = 0;
};



/**
 * @brief Topic handle
 *
 */
class RD_EXPORT Topic {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Unassigned partition.
   *
   * The unassigned partition is used by the producer API for messages
   * that should be partitioned using the configured or default partitioner.
   */
  static const int32_t PARTITION_UA;

  /** @brief Special offsets */
  static const int64_t OFFSET_BEGINNING; /**< Consume from beginning */
  static const int64_t OFFSET_END; /**< Consume from end */
  static const int64_t OFFSET_STORED; /**< Use offset storage */
  static const int64_t OFFSET_INVALID; /**< Invalid offset */


  /**
   * @brief Creates a new topic handle for topic named \p topic_str
   *
   * \p conf is an optional configuration for the topic  that will be used
   * instead of the default topic configuration.
   * The \p conf object is reusable after this call.
   *
   * @returns the new topic handle or NULL on error (see \p errstr).
   */
  static Topic *create (Handle *base, const std::string &topic_str,
                        Conf *conf, std::string &errstr);

  virtual ~Topic () = 0;


  /** @returns the topic name */
  virtual const std::string name () const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns true if \p partition is available for the topic (has leader).
   * @warning \b MUST \b ONLY be called from within a
   *          RdKafka::PartitionerCb callback.
   */
  virtual bool partition_available (int32_t partition) const = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Store offset \p offset for topic partition \p partition.
   * The offset will be committed (written) to the offset store according
   * to \p auto.commit.interval.ms.
   *
   * @remark \c enable.auto.offset.store must be set to \c false when using this API.
   *
   * @returns RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR on success or an error code if none of the
   *          offsets could be stored.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode offset_store (int32_t partition, int64_t offset) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns the underlying librdkafka C rd_kafka_topic_t handle.
   *
   * @warning Calling the C API on this handle is not recommended and there
   *          is no official support for it, but for cases where the C++ API
   *          does not provide the underlying functionality this C handle can be
   *          used to interact directly with the core librdkafka API.
   *
   * @remark The lifetime of the returned pointer is the same as the Topic
   *         object this method is called on.
   *
   * @remark Include <rdkafka/rdkafka.h> prior to including
   *         <rdkafka/rdkafkacpp.h>
   *
   * @returns \c rd_kafka_topic_t*
   */
  virtual struct rd_kafka_topic_s *c_ptr () = 0;
};


/**@}*/


/**
 * @name Message object
 * @{
 *
 */


/**
 * @brief Message timestamp object
 *
 * Represents the number of milliseconds since the epoch (UTC).
 *
 * The MessageTimestampType dictates the timestamp type or origin.
 *
 * @remark Requires Apache Kafka broker version >= 0.10.0
 *
 */

class RD_EXPORT MessageTimestamp {
public:
  enum MessageTimestampType {
    MSG_TIMESTAMP_NOT_AVAILABLE,   /**< Timestamp not available */
    MSG_TIMESTAMP_CREATE_TIME,     /**< Message creation time (source) */
    MSG_TIMESTAMP_LOG_APPEND_TIME  /**< Message log append time (broker) */
  };

  MessageTimestampType type;       /**< Timestamp type */
  int64_t timestamp;               /**< Milliseconds since epoch (UTC). */
};


/**
 * @brief Headers object
 *
 * Represents message headers.
 *
 * https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-82+-+Add+Record+Headers
 * 
 * @remark Requires Apache Kafka >= 0.11.0 brokers
 */
class RD_EXPORT Headers {
public:
  virtual ~Headers() = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Header object
   *
   * This object represents a single Header with a key value pair
   * and an ErrorCode
   *
   * @remark dynamic allocation of this object is not supported.
   */
  class Header {
   public:
    /**
     * @brief Header object to encapsulate a single Header
     *
     * @param key the string value for the header key
     * @param value the bytes of the header value, or NULL
     * @param value_size the length in bytes of the header value
     *
     * @remark key and value are copied.
     *
     */
    Header(const std::string &key,
           const void *value,
           size_t value_size):
    key_(key), err_(ERR_NO_ERROR), value_size_(value_size) {
      value_ = copy_value(value, value_size);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Header object to encapsulate a single Header
     *
     * @param key the string value for the header key
     * @param value the bytes of the header value
     * @param value_size the length in bytes of the header value
     * @param err the error code if one returned
     *
     * @remark The error code is used for when the Header is constructed
     *         internally by using RdKafka::Headers::get_last which constructs
     *         a Header encapsulating the ErrorCode in the process
     */
    Header(const std::string &key,
           const void *value,
           size_t value_size,
           const RdKafka::ErrorCode err):
    key_(key), err_(err), value_size_(value_size) {
        value_ = copy_value(value, value_size);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Copy constructor
     *
     * @param other other Header used for the copy constructor
     */
    Header(const Header &other):
    key_(other.key_), err_(other.err_), value_size_(other.value_size_) {
      value_ = copy_value(other.value_, value_size_);
    }

    Header& operator=(const Header &other)
    {
      if (&other == this) {
        return *this;
      }

      key_ = other.key_;
      err_ = other.err_;
      value_size_ = other.value_size_;

      value_ = copy_value(other.value_, value_size_);

      return *this;
    }

    ~Header() {
      if (value_ != NULL)
        free(value_);
    }

    /** @returns the key/name associated with this Header */
    std::string key() const {
      return key_;
    }

     /** @returns returns the binary value, or NULL */
    const void *value() const {
      return value_;
    }

    /** @returns returns the value casted to a nul-terminated C string,
     *           or NULL. */
    const char *value_string() const {
      return static_cast<const char *>(value_);
    }

    /** @returns Value Size the length of the Value in bytes */
    size_t value_size() const {
      return value_size_;
    }

    /** @returns the error code of this Header (usually ERR_NO_ERROR) */
    RdKafka::ErrorCode err() const {
      return err_;
    }

 private:
    char *copy_value(const void *value, size_t value_size) {
      if (!value)
        return NULL;

      char *dest = (char *)malloc(value_size + 1);
      memcpy(dest, (const char *)value, value_size);
      dest[value_size] = '\0';

      return dest;
    }

    std::string key_;
    RdKafka::ErrorCode err_;
    char *value_;
    size_t value_size_;
    void *operator new(size_t); /* Prevent dynamic allocation */
  };

  /**
   * @brief Create a new instance of the Headers object
   * 
   * @returns an empty Headers list
   */
  static Headers *create();

  /**
   * @brief Create a new instance of the Headers object from a std::vector
   * 
   * @params headers std::vector of RdKafka::Headers::Header objects.
   *                 The headers are copied, not referenced.
   * 
   * @returns a Headers list from std::vector set to the size of the std::vector
   */
  static Headers *create(const std::vector<Header> &headers);

  /**
   * @brief Adds a Header to the end of the list.
   * 
   * @param key header key/name
   * @param value binary value, or NULL
   * @param value_size size of the value
   *
   * @returns an ErrorCode signalling success or failure to add the header.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode add(const std::string &key, const void *value,
                        size_t value_size) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Adds a Header to the end of the list.
   *
   * Convenience method for adding a std::string as a value for the header.
   * 
   * @param key header key/name
   * @param value value string
   * 
   * @returns an ErrorCode signalling success or failure to add the header.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode add(const std::string &key, const std::string &value) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Adds a Header to the end of the list.
   *
   * This method makes a copy of the passed header.
   *
   * @param header Existing header to copy
   *
   * @returns an ErrorCode signalling success or failure to add the header.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode add(const Header &header) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Removes all the Headers of a given key
   * 
   * @param key header key/name to remove
   * 
   * @returns An ErrorCode signalling a success or failure to remove the Header.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode remove(const std::string &key) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Gets all of the Headers of a given key
   * 
   * @param key header key/name
   * 
   * @remark If duplicate keys exist this will return them all as a std::vector
   *
   * @returns a std::vector containing all the Headers of the given key.
   */
  virtual std::vector<Header> get(const std::string &key) const = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Gets the last occurrence of a Header of a given key
   * 
   * @param key header key/name
   * 
   * @remark This will only return the most recently added header
   *
   * @returns the Header if found, otherwise a Header with an err set to
   *          ERR__NOENT.
   */
  virtual Header get_last(const std::string &key) const = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns all Headers
   *
   * @returns a std::vector containing all of the Headers
   */
  virtual std::vector<Header> get_all() const = 0;

  /**
   * @returns the number of headers.
   */
  virtual size_t size() const = 0;
};


/**
 * @brief Message object
 *
 * This object represents either a single consumed or produced message,
 * or an event (\p err() is set).
 *
 * An application must check RdKafka::Message::err() to see if the
 * object is a proper message (error is RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR) or a
 * an error event.
 *
 */
class RD_EXPORT Message {
 public:
  /** @brief Message persistence status can be used by the application to
   *         find out if a produced message was persisted in the topic log. */
  enum Status {
    /**< Message was never transmitted to the broker, or failed with
     *   an error indicating it was not written to the log.
     *   Application retry risks ordering, but not duplication. */
    MSG_STATUS_NOT_PERSISTED = 0,

    /**< Message was transmitted to broker, but no acknowledgement was
     *   received.
     *   Application retry risks ordering and duplication. */
    MSG_STATUS_POSSIBLY_PERSISTED = 1,

    /**< Message was written to the log and fully acknowledged.
     *   No reason for application to retry.
     *   Note: this value should only be trusted with \c acks=all. */
    MSG_STATUS_PERSISTED =  2
  };

  /**
   * @brief Accessor functions*
   * @remark Not all fields are present in all types of callbacks.
   */

  /** @returns The error string if object represent an error event,
   *           else an empty string. */
  virtual std::string         errstr() const = 0;

  /** @returns The error code if object represents an error event, else 0. */
  virtual ErrorCode           err () const = 0;

  /** @returns the RdKafka::Topic object for a message (if applicable),
   *            or NULL if a corresponding RdKafka::Topic object has not been
   *            explicitly created with RdKafka::Topic::create().
   *            In this case use topic_name() instead. */
  virtual Topic              *topic () const = 0;

  /** @returns Topic name (if applicable, else empty string) */
  virtual std::string         topic_name () const = 0;

  /** @returns Partition (if applicable) */
  virtual int32_t             partition () const = 0;

  /** @returns Message payload (if applicable) */
  virtual void               *payload () const = 0 ;

  /** @returns Message payload length (if applicable) */
  virtual size_t              len () const = 0;

  /** @returns Message key as string (if applicable) */
  virtual const std::string  *key () const = 0;

  /** @returns Message key as void pointer  (if applicable) */
  virtual const void         *key_pointer () const = 0 ;

  /** @returns Message key's binary length (if applicable) */
  virtual size_t              key_len () const = 0;

  /** @returns Message or error offset (if applicable) */
  virtual int64_t             offset () const = 0;

  /** @returns Message timestamp (if applicable) */
  virtual MessageTimestamp    timestamp () const = 0;

  /** @returns The \p msg_opaque as provided to RdKafka::Producer::produce() */
  virtual void               *msg_opaque () const = 0;

  virtual ~Message () = 0;

  /** @returns the latency in microseconds for a produced message measured
   *           from the produce() call, or -1 if latency is not available. */
  virtual int64_t             latency () const = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns the underlying librdkafka C rd_kafka_message_t handle.
   *
   * @warning Calling the C API on this handle is not recommended and there
   *          is no official support for it, but for cases where the C++ API
   *          does not provide the underlying functionality this C handle can be
   *          used to interact directly with the core librdkafka API.
   *
   * @remark The lifetime of the returned pointer is the same as the Message
   *         object this method is called on.
   *
   * @remark Include <rdkafka/rdkafka.h> prior to including
   *         <rdkafka/rdkafkacpp.h>
   *
   * @returns \c rd_kafka_message_t*
   */
  virtual struct rd_kafka_message_s *c_ptr () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Returns the message's persistence status in the topic log.
   */
  virtual Status status () const = 0;

  /** @returns the Headers instance for this Message, or NULL if there
   *  are no headers.
   *
   * @remark The lifetime of the Headers are the same as the Message. */
  virtual RdKafka::Headers   *headers () = 0;

  /** @returns the Headers instance for this Message (if applicable).
   *  If NULL is returned the reason is given in \p err, which
   *  is either ERR__NOENT if there were no headers, or another
   *  error code if header parsing failed.
   *
   * @remark The lifetime of the Headers are the same as the Message. */
  virtual RdKafka::Headers   *headers (RdKafka::ErrorCode *err) = 0;
};

/**@}*/


/**
 * @name Queue interface
 * @{
 *
 */


/**
 * @brief Queue interface
 *
 * Create a new message queue.  Message queues allows the application
 * to re-route consumed messages from multiple topic+partitions into
 * one single queue point.  This queue point, containing messages from
 * a number of topic+partitions, may then be served by a single
 * consume() method, rather than one per topic+partition combination.
 *
 * See the RdKafka::Consumer::start(), RdKafka::Consumer::consume(), and
 * RdKafka::Consumer::consume_callback() methods that take a queue as the first
 * parameter for more information.
 */
class RD_EXPORT Queue {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Create Queue object
   */
  static Queue *create (Handle *handle);

  /**
   * @brief Forward/re-route queue to \p dst.
   * If \p dst is \c NULL, the forwarding is removed.
   *
   * The internal refcounts for both queues are increased.
   * 
   * @remark Regardless of whether \p dst is NULL or not, after calling this
   *         function, \p src will not forward it's fetch queue to the consumer
   *         queue.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode forward (Queue *dst) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Consume message or get error event from the queue.
   *
   * @remark Use \c delete to free the message.
   *
   * @returns One of:
   *  - proper message (RdKafka::Message::err() is ERR_NO_ERROR)
   *  - error event (RdKafka::Message::err() is != ERR_NO_ERROR)
   *  - timeout due to no message or event in \p timeout_ms
   *    (RdKafka::Message::err() is ERR__TIMED_OUT)
   */
  virtual Message *consume (int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Poll queue, serving any enqueued callbacks.
   *
   * @remark Must NOT be used for queues containing messages.
   *
   * @returns the number of events served or 0 on timeout.
   */
  virtual int poll (int timeout_ms) = 0;

  virtual ~Queue () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Enable IO event triggering for queue.
   *
   * To ease integration with IO based polling loops this API
   * allows an application to create a separate file-descriptor
   * that librdkafka will write \p payload (of size \p size) to
   * whenever a new element is enqueued on a previously empty queue.
   *
   * To remove event triggering call with \p fd = -1.
   *
   * librdkafka will maintain a copy of the \p payload.
   *
   * @remark When using forwarded queues the IO event must only be enabled
   *         on the final forwarded-to (destination) queue.
   */
  virtual void io_event_enable (int fd, const void *payload, size_t size) = 0;
};

/**@}*/


/**
 * @name KafkaConsumer
 * @{
 *
 */


/**
 * @brief High-level KafkaConsumer (for brokers 0.9 and later)
 *
 * @remark Requires Apache Kafka >= 0.9.0 brokers
 *
 * Currently supports the \c range and \c roundrobin partition assignment
 * strategies (see \c partition.assignment.strategy)
 */
class RD_EXPORT KafkaConsumer : public virtual Handle {
public:
  /**
   * @brief Creates a KafkaConsumer.
   *
   * The \p conf object must have \c group.id set to the consumer group to join.
   *
   * Use RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::close() to shut down the consumer.
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::RebalanceCb
   * @sa CONFIGURATION.md for \c group.id, \c session.timeout.ms,
   *     \c partition.assignment.strategy, etc.
   */
  static KafkaConsumer *create (Conf *conf, std::string &errstr);

  virtual ~KafkaConsumer () = 0;


  /** @brief Returns the current partition assignment as set by
   *         RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::assign() */
  virtual ErrorCode assignment (std::vector<RdKafka::TopicPartition*> &partitions) = 0;

  /** @brief Returns the current subscription as set by
   *         RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::subscribe() */
  virtual ErrorCode subscription (std::vector<std::string> &topics) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Update the subscription set to \p topics.
   *
   * Any previous subscription will be unassigned and  unsubscribed first.
   *
   * The subscription set denotes the desired topics to consume and this
   * set is provided to the partition assignor (one of the elected group
   * members) for all clients which then uses the configured
   * \c partition.assignment.strategy to assign the subscription sets's
   * topics's partitions to the consumers, depending on their subscription.
   *
   * The result of such an assignment is a rebalancing which is either
   * handled automatically in librdkafka or can be overridden by the application
   * by providing a RdKafka::RebalanceCb.
   *
   * The rebalancing passes the assigned partition set to
   * RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::assign() to update what partitions are actually
   * being fetched by the KafkaConsumer.
   *
   * Regex pattern matching automatically performed for topics prefixed
   * with \c \"^\" (e.g. \c \"^myPfx[0-9]_.*\"
   *
   * @returns an error if the provided list of topics is invalid.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode subscribe (const std::vector<std::string> &topics) = 0;

  /** @brief Unsubscribe from the current subscription set. */
  virtual ErrorCode unsubscribe () = 0;

  /**
   *  @brief Update the assignment set to \p partitions.
   *
   * The assignment set is the set of partitions actually being consumed
   * by the KafkaConsumer.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode assign (const std::vector<TopicPartition*> &partitions) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Stop consumption and remove the current assignment.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode unassign () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Consume message or get error event, triggers callbacks.
   *
   * Will automatically call registered callbacks for any such queued events,
   * including RdKafka::RebalanceCb, RdKafka::EventCb, RdKafka::OffsetCommitCb,
   * etc.
   *
   * @remark Use \c delete to free the message.
   *
   * @remark  An application should make sure to call consume() at regular
   *          intervals, even if no messages are expected, to serve any
   *          queued callbacks waiting to be called. This is especially
   *          important when a RebalanceCb has been registered as it needs
   *          to be called and handled properly to synchronize internal
   *          consumer state.
   *
   * @remark Application MUST NOT call \p poll() on KafkaConsumer objects.
   *
   * @returns One of:
   *  - proper message (RdKafka::Message::err() is ERR_NO_ERROR)
   *  - error event (RdKafka::Message::err() is != ERR_NO_ERROR)
   *  - timeout due to no message or event in \p timeout_ms
   *    (RdKafka::Message::err() is ERR__TIMED_OUT)
   */
  virtual Message *consume (int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Commit offsets for the current assignment.
   *
   * @remark This is the synchronous variant that blocks until offsets
   *         are committed or the commit fails (see return value).
   *
   * @remark If a RdKafka::OffsetCommitCb callback is registered it will
   *         be called with commit details on a future call to
   *         RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::consume()

   *
   * @returns ERR_NO_ERROR or error code.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitSync () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Asynchronous version of RdKafka::KafkaConsumer::CommitSync()
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::KafkaConsummer::commitSync()
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitAsync () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Commit offset for a single topic+partition based on \p message
   *
   * @remark This is the synchronous variant.
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::KafkaConsummer::commitSync()
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitSync (Message *message) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Commit offset for a single topic+partition based on \p message
   *
   * @remark This is the asynchronous variant.
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::KafkaConsummer::commitSync()
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitAsync (Message *message) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Commit offsets for the provided list of partitions.
   *
   * @remark This is the synchronous variant.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitSync (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &offsets) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Commit offset for the provided list of partitions.
   *
   * @remark This is the asynchronous variant.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitAsync (const std::vector<TopicPartition*> &offsets) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Commit offsets for the current assignment.
   *
   * @remark This is the synchronous variant that blocks until offsets
   *         are committed or the commit fails (see return value).
   *
   * @remark The provided callback will be called from this function.
   *
   * @returns ERR_NO_ERROR or error code.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitSync (OffsetCommitCb *offset_commit_cb) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Commit offsets for the provided list of partitions.
   *
   * @remark This is the synchronous variant that blocks until offsets
   *         are committed or the commit fails (see return value).
   *
   * @remark The provided callback will be called from this function.
   *
   * @returns ERR_NO_ERROR or error code.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode commitSync (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &offsets,
                                OffsetCommitCb *offset_commit_cb) = 0;




  /**
   * @brief Retrieve committed offsets for topics+partitions.
   *
   * @returns RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR on success in which case the
   *          \p offset or \p err field of each \p partitions' element is filled
   *          in with the stored offset, or a partition specific error.
   *          Else returns an error code.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode committed (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &partitions,
			       int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Retrieve current positions (offsets) for topics+partitions.
   *
   * @returns RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR on success in which case the
   *          \p offset or \p err field of each \p partitions' element is filled
   *          in with the stored offset, or a partition specific error.
   *          Else returns an error code.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode position (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &partitions) = 0;


  /**
   * For pausing and resuming consumption, see
   * @sa RdKafka::Handle::pause() and RdKafka::Handle::resume()
   */


  /**
   * @brief Close and shut down the proper.
   *
   * This call will block until the following operations are finished:
   *  - Trigger a local rebalance to void the current assignment
   *  - Stop consumption for current assignment
   *  - Commit offsets
   *  - Leave group
   *
   * The maximum blocking time is roughly limited to session.timeout.ms.
   *
   * @remark Callbacks, such as RdKafka::RebalanceCb and
   *         RdKafka::OffsetCommitCb, etc, may be called.
   *
   * @remark The consumer object must later be freed with \c delete
   */
  virtual ErrorCode close () = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Seek consumer for topic+partition to offset which is either an
   *        absolute or logical offset.
   *
   * If \p timeout_ms is not 0 the call will wait this long for the
   * seek to be performed. If the timeout is reached the internal state
   * will be unknown and this function returns `ERR__TIMED_OUT`.
   * If \p timeout_ms is 0 it will initiate the seek but return
   * immediately without any error reporting (e.g., async).
   *
   * This call triggers a fetch queue barrier flush.
   *
   * @remark Consumtion for the given partition must have started for the
   *         seek to work. Use assign() to set the starting offset.
   *
   * @returns an ErrorCode to indicate success or failure.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode seek (const TopicPartition &partition, int timeout_ms) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Store offset \p offset for topic partition \p partition.
   * The offset will be committed (written) to the offset store according
   * to \p auto.commit.interval.ms or the next manual offset-less commit*()
   *
   * Per-partition success/error status propagated through TopicPartition.err()
   *
   * @remark \c enable.auto.offset.store must be set to \c false when using this API.
   *
   * @returns RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR on success, or
   *          RdKafka::ERR___UNKNOWN_PARTITION if none of the offsets could
   *          be stored, or
   *          RdKafka::ERR___INVALID_ARG if \c enable.auto.offset.store is true.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode offsets_store (std::vector<TopicPartition*> &offsets) = 0;
};


/**@}*/


/**
 * @name Simple Consumer (legacy)
 * @{
 *
 */

/**
 * @brief Simple Consumer (legacy)
 *
 * A simple non-balanced, non-group-aware, consumer.
 */
class RD_EXPORT Consumer : public virtual Handle {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Creates a new Kafka consumer handle.
   *
   * \p conf is an optional object that will be used instead of the default
   * configuration.
   * The \p conf object is reusable after this call.
   *
   * @returns the new handle on success or NULL on error in which case
   * \p errstr is set to a human readable error message.
   */
  static Consumer *create (Conf *conf, std::string &errstr);

  virtual ~Consumer () = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Start consuming messages for topic and \p partition
   * at offset \p offset which may either be a proper offset (0..N)
   * or one of the the special offsets: \p OFFSET_BEGINNING or \p OFFSET_END.
   *
   * rdkafka will attempt to keep \p queued.min.messages (config property)
   * messages in the local queue by repeatedly fetching batches of messages
   * from the broker until the threshold is reached.
   *
   * The application shall use one of the \p ..->consume*() functions
   * to consume messages from the local queue, each kafka message being
   * represented as a `RdKafka::Message *` object.
   *
   * \p ..->start() must not be called multiple times for the same
   * topic and partition without stopping consumption first with
   * \p ..->stop().
   *
   * @returns an ErrorCode to indicate success or failure.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode start (Topic *topic, int32_t partition, int64_t offset) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Start consuming messages for topic and \p partition on
   *        queue \p queue.
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::Consumer::start()
   */
  virtual ErrorCode start (Topic *topic, int32_t partition, int64_t offset,
                           Queue *queue) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Stop consuming messages for topic and \p partition, purging
   *        all messages currently in the local queue.
   *
   * The application needs to be stop all consumers before destroying
   * the Consumer handle.
   *
   * @returns an ErrorCode to indicate success or failure.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode stop (Topic *topic, int32_t partition) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Seek consumer for topic+partition to \p offset which is either an
   *        absolute or logical offset.
   *
   * If \p timeout_ms is not 0 the call will wait this long for the
   * seek to be performed. If the timeout is reached the internal state
   * will be unknown and this function returns `ERR__TIMED_OUT`.
   * If \p timeout_ms is 0 it will initiate the seek but return
   * immediately without any error reporting (e.g., async).
   *
   * This call triggers a fetch queue barrier flush.
   *
   * @returns an ErrorCode to indicate success or failure.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode seek (Topic *topic, int32_t partition, int64_t offset,
			  int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Consume a single message from \p topic and \p partition.
   *
   * \p timeout_ms is maximum amount of time to wait for a message to be
   * received.
   * Consumer must have been previously started with \p ..->start().
   *
   * @returns a Message object, the application needs to check if message
   * is an error or a proper message RdKafka::Message::err() and checking for
   * \p ERR_NO_ERROR.
   *
   * The message object must be destroyed when the application is done with it.
   *
   * Errors (in RdKafka::Message::err()):
   *  - ERR__TIMED_OUT - \p timeout_ms was reached with no new messages fetched.
   *  - ERR__PARTITION_EOF - End of partition reached, not an error.
   */
  virtual Message *consume (Topic *topic, int32_t partition,
                            int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Consume a single message from the specified queue.
   *
   * \p timeout_ms is maximum amount of time to wait for a message to be
   * received.
   * Consumer must have been previously started on the queue with
   * \p ..->start().
   *
   * @returns a Message object, the application needs to check if message
   * is an error or a proper message \p Message->err() and checking for
   * \p ERR_NO_ERROR.
   *
   * The message object must be destroyed when the application is done with it.
   *
   * Errors (in RdKafka::Message::err()):
   *   - ERR__TIMED_OUT - \p timeout_ms was reached with no new messages fetched
   *
   * Note that Message->topic() may be nullptr after certain kinds of
   * errors, so applications should check that it isn't null before
   * dereferencing it.
   */
  virtual Message *consume (Queue *queue, int timeout_ms) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Consumes messages from \p topic and \p partition, calling
   *        the provided callback for each consumed messsage.
   *
   * \p consume_callback() provides higher throughput performance
   * than \p consume().
   *
   * \p timeout_ms is the maximum amount of time to wait for one or
   * more messages to arrive.
   *
   * The provided \p consume_cb instance has its \p consume_cb function
   * called for every message received.
   *
   * The \p opaque argument is passed to the \p consume_cb as \p opaque.
   *
   * @returns the number of messages processed or -1 on error.
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::Consumer::consume()
   */
  virtual int consume_callback (Topic *topic, int32_t partition,
                                int timeout_ms,
                                ConsumeCb *consume_cb,
                                void *opaque) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Consumes messages from \p queue, calling the provided callback for
   *        each consumed messsage.
   *
   * @sa RdKafka::Consumer::consume_callback()
   */
  virtual int consume_callback (Queue *queue, int timeout_ms,
                                RdKafka::ConsumeCb *consume_cb,
                                void *opaque) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Converts an offset into the logical offset from the tail of a topic.
   *
   * \p offset is the (positive) number of items from the end.
   *
   * @returns the logical offset for message \p offset from the tail, this value
   *          may be passed to Consumer::start, et.al.
   * @remark The returned logical offset is specific to librdkafka.
   */
  static int64_t OffsetTail(int64_t offset);
};

/**@}*/


/**
 * @name Producer
 * @{
 *
 */


/**
 * @brief Producer
 */
class RD_EXPORT Producer : public virtual Handle {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Creates a new Kafka producer handle.
   *
   * \p conf is an optional object that will be used instead of the default
   * configuration.
   * The \p conf object is reusable after this call.
   *
   * @returns the new handle on success or NULL on error in which case
   *          \p errstr is set to a human readable error message.
   */
  static Producer *create (Conf *conf, std::string &errstr);


  virtual ~Producer () = 0;

  /**
   * @brief RdKafka::Producer::produce() \p msgflags
   *
   * These flags are optional.
   */
  enum {
    RK_MSG_FREE = 0x1, /**< rdkafka will free(3) \p payload
                         * when it is done with it.
                         * Mutually exclusive with RK_MSG_COPY. */
    RK_MSG_COPY = 0x2, /**< the \p payload data will be copied
                        * and the \p payload pointer will not
                        * be used by rdkafka after the
                        * call returns.
                        * Mutually exclusive with RK_MSG_FREE. */
    RK_MSG_BLOCK = 0x4  /**< Block produce*() on message queue
                         *   full.
                         *   WARNING:
                         *   If a delivery report callback
                         *   is used the application MUST
                         *   call rd_kafka_poll() (or equiv.)
                         *   to make sure delivered messages
                         *   are drained from the internal
                         *   delivery report queue.
                         *   Failure to do so will result
                         *   in indefinately blocking on
                         *   the produce() call when the
                         *   message queue is full.
                         */


  /**@cond NO_DOC*/
  /* For backwards compatibility: */
#ifndef MSG_COPY /* defined in sys/msg.h */
    , /** this comma must exist betwen
       *  RK_MSG_BLOCK and MSG_FREE
       */
    MSG_FREE = RK_MSG_FREE,
    MSG_COPY = RK_MSG_COPY
#endif
  /**@endcond*/
  };

  /**
   * @brief Produce and send a single message to broker.
   *
   * This is an asynch non-blocking API.
   *
   * \p partition is the target partition, either:
   *   - RdKafka::Topic::PARTITION_UA (unassigned) for
   *     automatic partitioning using the topic's partitioner function, or
   *   - a fixed partition (0..N)
   *
   * \p msgflags is zero or more of the following flags OR:ed together:
   *    RK_MSG_BLOCK - block \p produce*() call if
   *                   \p queue.buffering.max.messages or
   *                   \p queue.buffering.max.kbytes are exceeded.
   *                   Messages are considered in-queue from the point they
   *                   are accepted by produce() until their corresponding
   *                   delivery report callback/event returns.
   *                   It is thus a requirement to call 
   *                   poll() (or equiv.) from a separate
   *                   thread when RK_MSG_BLOCK is used.
   *                   See WARNING on \c RK_MSG_BLOCK above.
   *    RK_MSG_FREE - rdkafka will free(3) \p payload when it is done with it.
   *    RK_MSG_COPY - the \p payload data will be copied and the \p payload
   *               pointer will not be used by rdkafka after the
   *               call returns.
   *
   *  NOTE: RK_MSG_FREE and RK_MSG_COPY are mutually exclusive.
   *
   *  If the function returns an error code and RK_MSG_FREE was specified, then
   *  the memory associated with the payload is still the caller's
   *  responsibility.
   *
   * \p payload is the message payload of size \p len bytes.
   *
   * \p key is an optional message key, if non-NULL it
   * will be passed to the topic partitioner as well as be sent with the
   * message to the broker and passed on to the consumer.
   *
   * \p msg_opaque is an optional application-provided per-message opaque
   * pointer that will provided in the delivery report callback (\p dr_cb) for
   * referencing this message.
   *
   * @returns an ErrorCode to indicate success or failure:
   *  - ERR_NO_ERROR           - message successfully enqueued for transmission.
   *
   *  - ERR__QUEUE_FULL        - maximum number of outstanding messages has been
   *                             reached: \c queue.buffering.max.message
   *
   *  - ERR_MSG_SIZE_TOO_LARGE - message is larger than configured max size:
   *                            \c messages.max.bytes
   *
   *  - ERR__UNKNOWN_PARTITION - requested \p partition is unknown in the
   *                           Kafka cluster.
   *
   *  - ERR__UNKNOWN_TOPIC     - topic is unknown in the Kafka cluster.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode produce (Topic *topic, int32_t partition,
                             int msgflags,
                             void *payload, size_t len,
                             const std::string *key,
                             void *msg_opaque) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief Variant produce() that passes the key as a pointer and length
   *        instead of as a const std::string *.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode produce (Topic *topic, int32_t partition,
                             int msgflags,
                             void *payload, size_t len,
                             const void *key, size_t key_len,
                             void *msg_opaque) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief produce() variant that takes topic as a string (no need for
   *        creating a Topic object), and also allows providing the
   *        message timestamp (milliseconds since beginning of epoch, UTC).
   *        Otherwise identical to produce() above.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode produce (const std::string topic_name, int32_t partition,
                             int msgflags,
                             void *payload, size_t len,
                             const void *key, size_t key_len,
                             int64_t timestamp, void *msg_opaque) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief produce() variant that that allows for Header support on produce
   *        Otherwise identical to produce() above.
   *
   * @warning The \p headers will be freed/deleted if the produce() call
   *          succeeds, or left untouched if produce() fails.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode produce (const std::string topic_name, int32_t partition,
                             int msgflags,
                             void *payload, size_t len,
                             const void *key, size_t key_len,
                             int64_t timestamp,
                             RdKafka::Headers *headers,
                             void *msg_opaque) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Variant produce() that accepts vectors for key and payload.
   *        The vector data will be copied.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode produce (Topic *topic, int32_t partition,
                             const std::vector<char> *payload,
                             const std::vector<char> *key,
                             void *msg_opaque) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Wait until all outstanding produce requests, et.al, are completed.
   *        This should typically be done prior to destroying a producer instance
   *        to make sure all queued and in-flight produce requests are completed
   *        before terminating.
   *
   * @remark This function will call poll() and thus trigger callbacks.
   *
   * @returns ERR__TIMED_OUT if \p timeout_ms was reached before all
   *          outstanding requests were completed, else ERR_NO_ERROR
   */
  virtual ErrorCode flush (int timeout_ms) = 0;


  /**
   * @brief Purge messages currently handled by the producer instance.
   *
   * @param purge_flags tells which messages should be purged and how.
   *
   * The application will need to call ::poll() or ::flush()
   * afterwards to serve the delivery report callbacks of the purged messages.
   *
   * Messages purged from internal queues fail with the delivery report
   * error code set to ERR__PURGE_QUEUE, while purged messages that
   * are in-flight to or from the broker will fail with the error code set to
   * ERR__PURGE_INFLIGHT.
   *
   * @warning Purging messages that are in-flight to or from the broker
   *          will ignore any sub-sequent acknowledgement for these messages
   *          received from the broker, effectively making it impossible
   *          for the application to know if the messages were successfully
   *          produced or not. This may result in duplicate messages if the
   *          application retries these messages at a later time.
   *
   * @remark This call may block for a short time while background thread
   *         queues are purged.
   *
   * @returns ERR_NO_ERROR on success,
   *          ERR__INVALID_ARG if the \p purge flags are invalid or unknown,
   *          ERR__NOT_IMPLEMENTED if called on a non-producer client instance.
   */
  virtual ErrorCode purge (int purge_flags) = 0;

  /**
   * @brief RdKafka::Handle::purge() \p purge_flags
   */
  enum {
    PURGE_QUEUE = 0x1, /**< Purge messages in internal queues */

    PURGE_INFLIGHT = 0x2, /*! Purge messages in-flight to or from the broker.
                           *  Purging these messages will void any future
                           *  acknowledgements from the broker, making it
                           *  impossible for the application to know if these
                           *  messages were successfully delivered or not.
                           *  Retrying these messages may lead to duplicates. */

    PURGE_NON_BLOCKING = 0x4 /* Don't wait for background queue
                              * purging to finish. */
  };

};

/**@}*/


/**
 * @name Metadata interface
 * @{
 *
 */


/**
 * @brief Metadata: Broker information
 */
class BrokerMetadata {
 public:
  /** @returns Broker id */
  virtual int32_t id() const = 0;

  /** @returns Broker hostname */
  virtual const std::string host() const = 0;

  /** @returns Broker listening port */
  virtual int port() const = 0;

  virtual ~BrokerMetadata() = 0;
};



/**
 * @brief Metadata: Partition information
 */
class PartitionMetadata {
 public:
  /** @brief Replicas */
  typedef std::vector<int32_t> ReplicasVector;
  /** @brief ISRs (In-Sync-Replicas) */
  typedef std::vector<int32_t> ISRSVector;

  /** @brief Replicas iterator */
  typedef ReplicasVector::const_iterator ReplicasIterator;
  /** @brief ISRs iterator */
  typedef ISRSVector::const_iterator     ISRSIterator;


  /** @returns Partition id */
  virtual int32_t id() const = 0;

  /** @returns Partition error reported by broker */
  virtual ErrorCode err() const = 0;

  /** @returns Leader broker (id) for partition */
  virtual int32_t leader() const = 0;

  /** @returns Replica brokers */
  virtual const std::vector<int32_t> *replicas() const = 0;

  /** @returns In-Sync-Replica brokers
   *  @warning The broker may return a cached/outdated list of ISRs.
   */
  virtual const std::vector<int32_t> *isrs() const = 0;

  virtual ~PartitionMetadata() = 0;
};



/**
 * @brief Metadata: Topic information
 */
class TopicMetadata {
 public:
  /** @brief Partitions */
  typedef std::vector<const PartitionMetadata*> PartitionMetadataVector;
  /** @brief Partitions iterator */
  typedef PartitionMetadataVector::const_iterator PartitionMetadataIterator;

  /** @returns Topic name */
  virtual const std::string topic() const = 0;

  /** @returns Partition list */
  virtual const PartitionMetadataVector *partitions() const = 0;

  /** @returns Topic error reported by broker */
  virtual ErrorCode err() const = 0;

  virtual ~TopicMetadata() = 0;
};


/**
 * @brief Metadata container
 */
class Metadata {
 public:
  /** @brief Brokers */
  typedef std::vector<const BrokerMetadata*> BrokerMetadataVector;
  /** @brief Topics */
  typedef std::vector<const TopicMetadata*>  TopicMetadataVector;

  /** @brief Brokers iterator */
  typedef BrokerMetadataVector::const_iterator BrokerMetadataIterator;
  /** @brief Topics iterator */
  typedef TopicMetadataVector::const_iterator  TopicMetadataIterator;


  /** 
  * @brief Broker list 
  * @remark Ownership of the returned pointer is retained by the instance of
  * Metadata that is called. 
  */
  virtual const BrokerMetadataVector *brokers() const = 0;

  /** 
  * @brief Topic list 
  * @remark Ownership of the returned pointer is retained by the instance of
  * Metadata that is called. 
  */
  virtual const TopicMetadataVector  *topics() const = 0;

  /** @brief Broker (id) originating this metadata */
  virtual int32_t orig_broker_id() const = 0;

  /** @brief Broker (name) originating this metadata */
  virtual const std::string orig_broker_name() const = 0;

  virtual ~Metadata() = 0;
};

/**@}*/

}

#endif /* _RDKAFKACPP_H_ */