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o=r.consumeLexeme();if(o!=null){var s=parseInt(o.str,10);if(isNaN(s)){var l="edit distance must be numeric";throw new i.QueryParseError(l,o.start,o.end)}r.currentClause.editDistance=s;var c=r.peekLexeme();if(c==null){r.nextClause();return}switch(c.type){case i.QueryLexer.TERM:return r.nextClause(),i.QueryParser.parseTerm;case i.QueryLexer.FIELD:return r.nextClause(),i.QueryParser.parseField;case i.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:return i.QueryParser.parseEditDistance;case i.QueryLexer.BOOST:return i.QueryParser.parseBoost;case i.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:return r.nextClause(),i.QueryParser.parsePresence;default:var l="Unexpected lexeme type '"+c.type+"'";throw new i.QueryParseError(l,c.start,c.end)}}},i.QueryParser.parseBoost=function(r){var o=r.consumeLexeme();if(o!=null){var s=parseInt(o.str,10);if(isNaN(s)){var l="boost must be numeric";throw new i.QueryParseError(l,o.start,o.end)}r.currentClause.boost=s;var c=r.peekLexeme();if(c==null){r.nextClause();return}switch(c.type){case i.QueryLexer.TERM:return r.nextClause(),i.QueryParser.parseTerm;case i.QueryLexer.FIELD:return r.nextClause(),i.QueryParser.parseField;case i.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:return i.QueryParser.parseEditDistance;case i.QueryLexer.BOOST:return i.QueryParser.parseBoost;case i.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:return r.nextClause(),i.QueryParser.parsePresence;default:var l="Unexpected lexeme type '"+c.type+"'";throw new i.QueryParseError(l,c.start,c.end)}}},function(r,o){e.exports=o()}(this,function(){return i})})()})(_h);var Ep=_h.exports;const Ip=Tl(Ep),as=[{terms:{"0x API":{term:"0x API",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The 0x API is the liquidity and data endpoint for DeFi. It lets you access aggregated liquidity from tens of on-chain and off-chain decentralized exchange networks, across multiple blockchains. It comes with many parameters to customize your requests for your application and your users: API References",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"0x API","Simplified Chinese":"0x API",French:"0x API",German:"0x API",Indonesian:"0x API",Italian:"0x API",Korean:"0x API",Persian:"0x API","Brazilian Portuguese":"API da 0x",Russian:"0x API",Spanish:"0x API","Filipino (Tagalog)":"0x API",Thai:"0x API",Turkish:"0x API",Vietnamese:"0x API",Arabic:"واجهة برمجة تطبيقات 0x","Traditional Chinese":"0x API",Dutch:"0x API",Greek:"0x API",Hindi:"0x API",Hungarian:"0x API",Japanese:"0x API",Polish:"0x API",Ukrainian:"0x API"}},"1inch":{term:"1inch",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Decentralized exchange aggregator that aims to provide traders with the best price and lowest fees on their transactions. 1inch",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"1inch","Simplified Chinese":"1inch",French:"1inch",German:"1inch",Indonesian:"1inch",Italian:"1inch",Korean:"1 인치",Persian:"وان اینچ","Brazilian Portuguese":"1inch",Russian:"1inch",Spanish:"1inch","Filipino (Tagalog)":"1inch",Thai:"1inch",Turkish:"1inch",Vietnamese:"1 inch",Arabic:"1inch","Traditional Chinese":"1inch",Dutch:"1inch",Greek:"1inch",Hindi:"1inch",Hungarian:"1 hüvelyk",Japanese:"1inch",Polish:"1inch",Ukrainian:"1inch"}},"3Box Labs":{term:"3Box Labs",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The inventors and core developers of Ceramic, the first decentralized network for composable data. Ceramic makes it possible for developers to build data-rich Web3 applications without needing a traditional database, and in the process, unlocks data composability and portability across every application within the Web3 ecosystem.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"3Box Labs","Simplified Chinese":"3Box Labs",French:"3Box Labs",German:"3Box Labs",Indonesian:"2Box Labs",Italian:"3Box Labs",Korean:"쓰리박스 랩스",Persian:"آزمایشگاه‌های 3Box","Brazilian Portuguese":"3Box Labs",Russian:"3Box Labs",Spanish:"3Box Labs","Filipino (Tagalog)":"3Box Labs",Thai:"3Box Labs",Turkish:"3Box Labs",Vietnamese:"3Box Labs",Arabic:"3Box Labs","Traditional Chinese":"3Box Labs",Dutch:"3Box Labs",Greek:"3Box Labs",Hindi:"3Box Labs",Hungarian:"3Box Labs",Japanese:"3Box Labs",Polish:"3Box Labs",Ukrainian:"3Box Labs"}},"51% Attack":{term:"51% Attack",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"If more than half the computer power or mining hash rate on a network is run by a single person or a single group of people, then a 51% attack is in operation. This means that this entity has full control of the network and can negatively affect a cryptocurrency by taking over mining operations, stopping or changing transactions, and double-spending coins.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"51% Attack","Simplified Chinese":"51%攻击",French:"Attaque des 51 %",German:"51% Attack",Indonesian:"51% Attack",Italian:"Attacco del 51%",Korean:"51% 공격",Persian:"حمله 51 درصدی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ataque de 51%",Russian:"Атака 51%",Spanish:"ataque del 51 %","Filipino (Tagalog)":"51% Pag-atake",Thai:"การโจมตี 51%",Turkish:"%51 Saldırısı",Vietnamese:"Tấn công 51%",Arabic:"هجوم 51٪","Traditional Chinese":"51%攻擊",Dutch:"51%-aanval",Greek:"Επίθεση του 51%",Hindi:"51% अटैक",Hungarian:"51%-os támadás",Japanese:"51% 攻撃",Polish:"Atak 51%",Ukrainian:"Атака 51%"}},Aave:{term:"Aave",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Aave is an open source protocol to create non-custodial liquidity markets to earn interest on supplying and borrowing assets with a variable or stable interest rate.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Aave","Simplified Chinese":"Aave",French:"Aave",German:"Aave",Indonesian:"Aave",Italian:"Aave",Korean:"에이브",Persian:"آوه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Aave",Russian:"Aave",Spanish:"Aave","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Aave",Thai:"Aave",Turkish:"Aave",Vietnamese:"Aave",Arabic:"Aave","Traditional Chinese":"Aave",Dutch:"Aave",Greek:"Aave",Hindi:"Aave",Hungarian:"Aave",Japanese:"Aave",Polish:"Aave",Ukrainian:"Aave"}},Account:{term:"Account",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Accounts are records or statements of financial expenditure and receipts that relate to a particular period or purpose. In the world of crypto, this is referred to as a cryptocurrency account. It gives you certain benefits, and it is a requirement in order to use just about any cryptocurrency exchange. A cryptocurrency account gives you access to hot wallets, which allow you to quickly buy, sell and trade cryptocurrencies, and it gives you an identity or a way through which you can hold onto your public keys when it comes to the aforementioned process. Account",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Account","Simplified Chinese":"账户",French:"Compte",German:"Konto",Indonesian:"Akun",Italian:"Account",Korean:"계정",Persian:"حساب","Brazilian Portuguese":"Conta",Russian:"Счет",Spanish:"cuenta","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Account",Thai:"บัญชี",Turkish:"Hesap",Vietnamese:"Tài khoản",Arabic:"حساب","Traditional Chinese":"帳戶",Dutch:"account",Greek:"Λογαριασμός",Hindi:"Account",Hungarian:"fiók",Japanese:"アカウント",Polish:"Konto",Ukrainian:"Обліковий запис"}},"ACH transfer":{term:"ACH transfer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ACH (Automated Clearing House) bank transfer is an electronic payment method that allows money to be transferred between bank accounts in the United States. It is a system that processes transactions in batches and is commonly used for direct deposit of paychecks, bill payments, and online money transfers.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"ACH transfer","Simplified Chinese":"自动清算中心（ACH）转账",French:"Transfert ACH",German:"ACH-Überweisung",Indonesian:"Transfer ACH",Italian:"Pagamento ACH",Korean:"ACH 송금",Persian:"حواله بین بانکی پایا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Transferência ACH",Russian:"ACH-перевод",Spanish:"transferencia ACH","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ACH na paglilipat",Thai:"การโอน ACH",Turkish:"ACH transferi",Vietnamese:"Chuyển tiền ACH",Arabic:"تحويل ACH","Traditional Chinese":"存款自動轉帳服務",Dutch:"ACH-transactie",Greek:"Μεταφορά αυτοματοποιημένου γραφείου συμψηφισμού",Hindi:"ACH ट्रांसफ़र",Hungarian:"ACH-átutalás",Japanese:"ACH 送金",Polish:"Przelew ACH",Ukrainian:"ACH-трансфер"}},"address; public address; account address":{term:"address; public address; account address",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Used to send and receive transactions on a blockchain network, and to identify different users; also referred to as a 'public key'. An address is an alphanumeric character string, which can also be represented as a scannable QR code. In Ethereum, the address begins with 0x. For example: 0x06A85356DCb5b307096726FB86A78c59D38e08ee",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"address; public address; account address","Simplified Chinese":"地址/“公钥”（钱包地址）",French:"adresse/ « adresse publique » (adresse du portefeuille)",German:"Adresse/„öffentliche Adresse“ (Wallet-Adresse)",Indonesian:"alamat/alamat publik (alamat dompet)",Italian:"indirizzo/indirizzo pubblico (indirizzo del wallet)",Korean:"주소/공개 주소(지갑 주소)",Persian:"آدرس /«آدرس عمومی»","Brazilian Portuguese":"endereço/endereço público (endereço da carteira)",Russian:"адрес/публичный адрес (адрес кошелька)",Spanish:"dirección/dirección pública (dirección de monedero)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"address/pampublikong address (address ng wallet)",Thai:"ที่อยู่",Turkish:"adres/genel adres (cüzdan adresi)",Vietnamese:"địa chỉ/địa chỉ công khai (địa chỉ ví)",Arabic:"العنوان / العنوان العام (عنوان المحفظة)","Traditional Chinese":"收款地址（錢包地址）",Dutch:"adres/openbaar adres (wallet-adres)",Greek:"διεύθυνση/δημόσια διεύθυνση (διεύθυνση πορτοφολιού)",Hindi:"एड्रेस/पब्लिक एड्रेस (वॉलेट एड्रेस)",Hungarian:"cím/„nyilvános cím” (pénztárca címe)",Japanese:"アドレス/パブリックアドレス (ウォレットアドレス)",Polish:"Adres / „adres publiczny” (adres portfela)",Ukrainian:"адреса/«публічна адреса» (адреса гаманця)"}},Advanced:{term:"Advanced",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'Advanced gas controls': it is an optional feature in the MetaMask wallet, that gives you more control over the gas you pay in MetaMask. Using advanced gas controls",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Advanced","Simplified Chinese":"高级",French:"Avancé",German:"Erweitert",Indonesian:"Lanjutan",Italian:"Avanzati",Korean:"고급",Persian:"پیشرفته","Brazilian Portuguese":"Avançado",Russian:"Дополнительно",Spanish:"avanzados","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Advanced",Thai:"ขั้นสูง",Turkish:"Gelişmiş",Vietnamese:"Nâng cao",Arabic:"متقدم","Traditional Chinese":"進階",Dutch:"geavanceerd",Greek:"Για προχωρημένους",Hindi:"एडवांस्ड",Hungarian:"haladó",Japanese:"高度な設定",Polish:"Ustawienia zaawansowane",Ukrainian:"Розширені"}},aggregator:{term:"aggregator",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An aggregator is a platform that aggregates liquidity from multiple decentralized exchanges (DEXs) or other sources of liquidity to provide users with the best prices and the most efficient execution for their trades.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"aggregator","Simplified Chinese":"聚合器",French:"agrégateur",German:"Aggregator",Indonesian:"agregator",Italian:"aggregatore",Korean:"애그리게이터",Persian:"تجمیع‌کننده نقدینگی","Brazilian Portuguese":"agregador",Russian:"агрегатор",Spanish:"agregador","Filipino (Tagalog)":"aggregator",Thai:"ผู้รวบรวม",Turkish:"toplayıcı",Vietnamese:"nền tảng tổng hợp thanh khoản",Arabic:"مُجمِعّ","Traditional Chinese":"聚合交易平台",Dutch:"aggregator",Greek:"συσσωρευτής",Hindi:"एग्रीगेटर",Hungarian:"aggregátor",Japanese:"アグリゲーター",Polish:"Agregator",Ukrainian:"агрегатор"}},Aggressive:{term:"Aggressive",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'gas fees', Aggressive is a category that enables you to be more forceful with your transaction, and have it completed as soon as possible. There are three categories available in MetaMask: Low, Market, Aggressive Using advanced gas controls",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Aggressive","Simplified Chinese":"激进型",French:"Agressif",German:"Aggressiv",Indonesian:"Agresif",Italian:"Aggressivo",Korean:"공격적",Persian:"جسورانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Agressiva",Russian:"Агрессивный",Spanish:"agresiva/o","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Agresibo",Thai:"ทุ่มสุดตัว",Turkish:"Agresif",Vietnamese:"Cao",Arabic:"مغامر","Traditional Chinese":"Aggressive",Dutch:"agressief",Greek:"Υψηλότερη αγοραστική τιμή",Hindi:"एग्रेसिव",Hungarian:"agresszív",Japanese:"積極的",Polish:"Agresywne podejście",Ukrainian:"Агресивний"}},Agoric:{term:"Agoric",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Agoric is a Proof-of-Stake blockchain that functions as a smart contract platform, enabling developers to deploy decentralized applications. The platform is built on a variant of the JavaScript programming language, which is a widely used language for web development.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Agoric","Simplified Chinese":"Agoric",French:"Agoric",German:"Agoric",Indonesian:"Agoric",Italian:"Agoric",Korean:"아고릭",Persian:"آگوریک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Agoric",Russian:"Agoric",Spanish:"Agoric","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Agoric",Thai:"Agoric",Turkish:"Agoric",Vietnamese:"Agoric",Arabic:"Agoric","Traditional Chinese":"Agoric",Dutch:"Agoric",Greek:"Agoric",Hindi:"Agoric",Hungarian:"agorikus",Japanese:"Agoric",Polish:"Agoric",Ukrainian:"Agoric"}},"air-gapping":{term:"air-gapping",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A method for securing computers in which the device does not connect to the internet or any other open networks. Many hardware wallets use air-gapping as a security mechanism to keep users' private keys or Secret Recovery Phrase offline, and thus safer from any kind of attack.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"air-gapping","Simplified Chinese":"气隙",French:"isolation déconnectée",German:"Air-Gapping",Indonesian:"Air-gap",Italian:"air-gap",Korean:"에어갭",Persian:"جداسازی فیزیکی","Brazilian Portuguese":"lacuna de ar",Russian:"физическая изоляция",Spanish:"airdrop","Filipino (Tagalog)":"air-gapping",Thai:"การสร้างแอร์แกป",Turkish:"hava boşluğu",Vietnamese:"khe hở không khí",Arabic:"عزل الأجهزة","Traditional Chinese":"實體隔離",Dutch:"air-gapping",Greek:"διάκενο αέρα",Hindi:"एयर-गैपिंग",Hungarian:"air-gapping (internetről való teljes leválasztás)",Japanese:"エアギャップ",Polish:"Odizolowanie od sieci (air-gapping)",Ukrainian:"«повітряний зазор»"}},airdrop:{term:"airdrop",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token distribution method used to send cryptocurrency or tokens to wallet addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in exchange for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"airdrop","Simplified Chinese":"空投",French:"airdrop",German:"Airdrop",Indonesian:"airdrop",Italian:"airdrop",Korean:"에어드롭",Persian:"ایردراپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"airdrop",Russian:"аирдропнуть",Spanish:"airdrop","Filipino (Tagalog)":"airdrop",Thai:"แอร์ดรอป",Turkish:"airdrop",Vietnamese:"tặng",Arabic:"توزيع مجاني","Traditional Chinese":"空投",Dutch:"airdrop",Greek:"τακτική airdrop",Hindi:"एयरड्रॉप",Hungarian:"airdrop",Japanese:"エアドロップする",Polish:"Airdrop",Ukrainian:"ейрдроп"}},"airdrop (noun)":{term:"airdrop (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token distribution method used to send cryptocurrency or tokens to wallet addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in exchange for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"airdrop (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"空投",French:"airdrop (nom)",German:"Airdrop",Indonesian:"airdrop",Italian:"airdrop (noun)",Korean:"에어드롭(명사)",Persian:"ایردراپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"airdrop",Russian:"аирдроп",Spanish:"AirGap Vault","Filipino (Tagalog)":"airdrop (pangngalan)",Thai:"แอร์ดรอป",Turkish:"airdrop",Vietnamese:"tiền được tặng (danh từ)",Arabic:"توزيع مجاني (اير دروب)","Traditional Chinese":"空投",Dutch:"airdrop",Greek:"τακτική airdrop",Hindi:"एयरड्रॉप (नाउन)",Hungarian:"airdrop",Japanese:"エアドロップ",Polish:"Airdrop",Ukrainian:"ейрдроп"}},"AirGap Vault":{term:"AirGap Vault",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"AirGap Vault is a crypto wallet application that provides secure storage for digital assets. The wallet is designed to be used in conjunction with AirGap's other wallet app, AirGap Wallet, which is used for sending and receiving transactions.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"AirGap Vault","Simplified Chinese":"AirGap Vault",French:"AirGap Vault",German:"AirGap Vault",Indonesian:"AirGap Vault",Italian:"AirGap Vault",Korean:"에어갭 볼트",Persian:"خزانه ایرگپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"AirGap Vault",Russian:"AirGap Vault",Spanish:"espacios de aire","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AirGap Vault",Thai:"AirGap Vault",Turkish:"AirGap Vault",Vietnamese:"AirGap Vault",Arabic:"خزانة AirGap","Traditional Chinese":"AirGap Vault",Dutch:"AirGap Vault",Greek:"AirGap Vault",Hindi:"AirGap Vault",Hungarian:"AirGap Vault",Japanese:"AirGap Vault",Polish:"AirGap Vault",Ukrainian:"AirGap Vault"}},AirSwap:{term:"AirSwap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"AirSwap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) platform for trading digital assets, operating on Ethereum and Layer-2s like Polygon, Arbitrum.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"AirSwap","Simplified Chinese":"AirSwap",French:"AirSwap",German:"AirSwap",Indonesian:"AirSwap",Italian:"AirSwap",Korean:"에어스왑",Persian:"ایرسوآپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"AirSwap",Russian:"AirSwap",Spanish:"AirSwap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AirSwap",Thai:"AirSwap",Turkish:"AirSwap",Vietnamese:"AirSwap",Arabic:"AirSwap","Traditional Chinese":"AirSwap",Dutch:"AirSwap",Greek:"AirSwap",Hindi:"AirSwap",Hungarian:"AirSwap",Japanese:"AirSwap",Polish:"AirSwap",Ukrainian:"AirSwap"}},algorithm:{term:"algorithm",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An algorithm is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"algorithm","Simplified Chinese":"算法",French:"algorithme",German:"Algorithmus",Indonesian:"algoritma",Italian:"algoritmo",Korean:"알고리즘",Persian:"الگوریتم","Brazilian Portuguese":"algoritmo",Russian:"алгоритм",Spanish:"algoritmo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"algoritmo",Thai:"อัลกอริทึม",Turkish:"algoritma",Vietnamese:"thuật toán",Arabic:"خوارزمية","Traditional Chinese":"演算法",Dutch:"algoritme",Greek:"αλγόριθμος",Hindi:"एल्गोरिथम",Hungarian:"algoritmus",Japanese:"アルゴリズム",Polish:"Algorytm",Ukrainian:"алгоритм"}},altcoin:{term:"altcoin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency, the term 'altcoin' was created to refer to 'any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin'. The term is less used in Ethereum or smart contract-enabled blockchain communities. Many altcoins are forks of Bitcoin with minor changes (e.g., Litecoin). See also 'fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"altcoin","Simplified Chinese":"竞争币",French:"altcoin",German:"Altcoin",Indonesian:"altcoin",Italian:"altcoin",Korean:"알트코인",Persian:"آلتکوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"altcoin",Russian:"альткоин",Spanish:"altcoin","Filipino (Tagalog)":"altcoin",Thai:"อัลต์คอยน์",Turkish:"altcoin",Vietnamese:"tiền thay thế",Arabic:"عملة بديلة","Traditional Chinese":"山寨幣",Dutch:"altcoin",Greek:"altcoin",Hindi:"ऑल्टकॉइन",Hungarian:"altcoin",Japanese:"アルトコイン",Polish:"Altcoin",Ukrainian:"альткойн"}},"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)":{term:"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A set of international laws enacted to diminish the potential for criminal organizations or individuals to launder money. These rules and laws are applied to cryptocurrencies with varying effects in different jurisdictions.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)","Simplified Chinese":"反洗钱（AML）",French:"AML (lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent)",German:"AML (Geldwäschebekämpfung)",Indonesian:"AML (Anti-Pencucian Uang)",Italian:"AML (Antiriciclaggio)",Korean:"AML(자금세탁방지)",Persian:"AML (مبارزه با پولشویی)","Brazilian Portuguese":"PLD (prevenção à lavagem de dinheiro)",Russian:"БОД (борьба с отмыванием денег)",Spanish:"prevención de blanqueo de capitales (PBC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)",Thai:"AML (การต่อต้านการฟอกเงิน)",Turkish:"AML (Kara Para Aklamanın Önlenmesi)",Vietnamese:"AML (Chống rửa tiền)",Arabic:"مكافحة غسيل الأموال","Traditional Chinese":"防制洗錢計劃",Dutch:"witwasbestrijding (AML, anti-money laundering)",Greek:"AML Καταπολέμηση της νομιμοποίησης εσόδων από παράνομες δραστηριότητες)",Hindi:"AML (एंटी-मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग)",Hungarian:"AML (pénzmosás elleni küzdelem)",Japanese:"AML (マネーロンダリング対策)",Polish:"AML (przeciwdziałanie praniu pieniędzy)",Ukrainian:"AML (Боротьба з відмиванням грошей)"}},API:{term:"API",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Application Programming Interface. A software intermediary that allows two separate applications to communicate with one another. APIs define methods of communication between various components.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"API","Simplified Chinese":"API",French:"API",German:"API",Indonesian:"API",Italian:"API",Korean:"API",Persian:"API","Brazilian Portuguese":"API",Russian:"API",Spanish:"API","Filipino (Tagalog)":"API",Thai:"API",Turkish:"API",Vietnamese:"API",Arabic:"واجهة برمجة التطبيقات","Traditional Chinese":"應用程式介面",Dutch:"API",Greek:"API",Hindi:"API",Hungarian:"API",Japanese:"API",Polish:"API",Ukrainian:"API"}},"API (Application Programming Interface)":{term:"API (Application Programming Interface)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A predefined set of requests that one program can make to another in order to transfer information between them. When you hear someone saying that an application is 'getting information from' another source, it's often doing so through an API.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"API (Application Programming Interface)","Simplified Chinese":"API（应用程序编程接口）",French:"API (interface de programmation d’application)",German:"API (Anwendungsprogrammierschnittstelle)",Indonesian:"API (Antarmuka Pemrograman Aplikasi)",Italian:"API (Application Programming Interface)",Korean:"API(애플리케이션 프로그래밍 인터페이스)",Persian:"API (رابط برنامه کاربردی)","Brazilian Portuguese":"API (interface de programação de aplicativo)",Russian:"API (интерфейс прикладного программирования)",Spanish:"API (interfaz de programación de aplicaciones)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"API (Application Programming Interface)",Thai:"API (อินเทอร์เฟซโปรแกรมแอปพลิเคชัน)",Turkish:"API (Uygulama Programlama Arayüzü)",Vietnamese:"API (Giao diện lập trình ứng dụng)",Arabic:"واجهة برمجة التطبيقات (API)","Traditional Chinese":"應用程式介面",Dutch:"API (application programming interface)",Greek:"API (Application Programming Interface)",Hindi:"API (एप्लीकेशन प्रोग्रामिंग इंटरफेस)",Hungarian:"API (alkalmazásprogramozási felület)",Japanese:"API (アプリケーションプログラミングインターフェイス)",Polish:"API (interfejs oprogramowania aplikacji)",Ukrainian:"API (інтерфейс прикладного програмування)"}},AppChain:{term:"AppChain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain network custom-made and optimized for a specific application's needs. An appchain is generally not a full-blown blockchain, but offers an optimized execution environment for the application, while still relying on an underlying blockchain for consensus. See also: 'blockchain trilemma', 'modular blockchain', 'Layer 2', 'Layer 3'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"AppChain","Simplified Chinese":"AppChain",French:"AppChain",German:"AppChain",Indonesian:"AppChain",Italian:"AppChain",Korean:"앱체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین مخصوص برنامه","Brazilian Portuguese":"AppChain",Russian:"Аппчейн",Spanish:"cadena específica de la aplicación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AppChain",Thai:"AppChain",Turkish:"Uygulama Zinciri",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi khối dành cho ứng dụng",Arabic:"بلوكتشين التطبيق الخاص (AppChain)","Traditional Chinese":"應用鏈",Dutch:"AppChain",Greek:"AppChain",Hindi:"ऐपचेन",Hungarian:"AppChain",Japanese:"AppChain",Polish:"AppChain",Ukrainian:"AppChain"}},"Apple Pay":{term:"Apple Pay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Apple Pay is a mobile payment service by Apple Inc. that allows users to make payments in person, in iOS apps, and on the web.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Apple Pay","Simplified Chinese":"Apple Pay",French:"Apple Pay",German:"Apple Pay",Indonesian:"Apple Pay",Italian:"Apple Pay",Korean:"애플 페이",Persian:"اَپل پِی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Apple Pay",Russian:"Apple Pay",Spanish:"Apple Pay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Apple Pay",Thai:"Apple Pay",Turkish:"Apple Pay",Vietnamese:"Apple Pay",Arabic:"Apple Pay","Traditional Chinese":"Apple Pay",Dutch:"Apple Pay",Greek:"Apple Pay",Hindi:"Apple Pay",Hungarian:"Apple Pay",Japanese:"Apple Pay",Polish:"Apple Pay",Ukrainian:"Apple Pay"}},Arbitrum:{term:"Arbitrum",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Arbitrum is a layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum, designed to improve the scalability and reduce the cost of transactions on the Ethereum network. It is an implementation of the Optimistic Rollup technology, which is a type of scaling solution that uses off-chain computation to reduce the load on the main Ethereum network.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Arbitrum","Simplified Chinese":"Arbitrum",French:"Arbitrum",German:"Arbitrum",Indonesian:"Arbitrum",Italian:"Arbitrum",Korean:"아비트럼",Persian:"آربیتروم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Arbitrum",Russian:"Arbitrum",Spanish:"Arbitrum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Arbitrum",Thai:"Arbitrum",Turkish:"Arbitrum",Vietnamese:"Arbitrum",Arabic:"Arbitrum","Traditional Chinese":"Arbitrum",Dutch:"Arbitrum",Greek:"Arbitrum",Hindi:"Arbitrum",Hungarian:"Arbitrum",Japanese:"Arbitrum",Polish:"Arbitrum",Ukrainian:"Arbitrum"}},"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)":{term:"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ASICs are silicon chips designed to do a specific task. In ASICs used for mining cryptocurrencies, the ASIC will perform a calculation to find values that provide a desired solution when placed into a hashing algorithm.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)","Simplified Chinese":"ASIC（专用集成电路）",French:"ASIC (circuit intégré spécifique à une application)",German:"ASIC (Anwendungsspezifische integrierte Schaltung)",Indonesian:"ASIC (Sirkuit Terintegrasi Khusus di Aplikasi)",Italian:"ASIC (circuito integrato per applicazione specifica)",Korean:"ASIC(주문형 반도체)",Persian:"ای‌سیک(مدارهای مجتمع با کاربرد خاص)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ASIC (circuito integrado de aplicação específica)",Russian:"ASIC (специальная интегральная схема)",Spanish:"ASIC (circuito integrado de aplicación específica)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)",Thai:"ASIC (วงจรรวมเฉพาะแอปพลิเคชัน)",Turkish:"ASIC (Uygulamaya Özel Tümleşik Devre)",Vietnamese:"ASIC (Mạch tích hợp chuyên dụng)",Arabic:"الدائرة المتكاملة الخاصة بالتطبيق (ASIC)","Traditional Chinese":"特定應用積體電路",Dutch:"ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit)",Greek:"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)",Hindi:"ASIC (एप्लीकेशन स्पेसिफिक इंटीग्रेटेड सर्किट)",Hungarian:"ASIC (alkalmazásspecifikus integrált áramkör)",Japanese:"ASIC (特定用途向け集積回路)",Polish:"ASIC (specjalizowany układ scalony)",Ukrainian:"ASIC (спеціалізована інтегральна схема)"}},"asset provenance":{term:"asset provenance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Asset provenance refers to the origin, history, and ownership of a particular digital asset on the blockchain. In the crypto context, asset provenance refers to the ability to trace the ownership and transfer of a specific cryptocurrency or token from its creation or minting to its current holder.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"asset provenance","Simplified Chinese":"资产来源",French:"Provenance de l’actif",German:"Herkunft des Assets",Indonesian:"Provenance aset",Italian:"provenienza dei fondi",Korean:"자산 출처",Persian:"منشأ دارایی","Brazilian Portuguese":"origem do ativo",Russian:"происхождение активов",Spanish:"procedencia de activos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pinagmulan ng asset",Thai:"ที่มาของสินทรัพย์",Turkish:"varlık provenansı",Vietnamese:"nguồn gốc tài sản",Arabic:"منشأ الأصل","Traditional Chinese":"資產出處",Dutch:"herkomst van asset",Greek:"προέλευση περιουσιακών στοιχείων",Hindi:"एसेट प्रोवेनेंस",Hungarian:"eszköz eredete",Japanese:"資産の来歴追跡",Polish:"Pochodzenie aktywów",Ukrainian:"походження активів"}},attestation:{term:"attestation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Attestation in crypto refers to the process of verifying the authenticity or validity of a piece of information or a transaction on a blockchain network. Attestation is an important aspect of blockchain technology, as it helps to ensure the integrity and security of the network. In general, attestation involves a trusted third-party, or attester, verifying the authenticity of a transaction or piece of information. This can include verifying the identity of users on the network, verifying the accuracy of data, or validating the authenticity of a digital signature. One example of attestation in crypto is the use of digital signatures to authenticate transactions on a blockchain network. Digital signatures use public key cryptography to verify the identity of the sender and ensure that the transaction has not been tampered with. Another example of attestation in crypto is the use of Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms, which rely on validators to attest to the validity of transactions on the network. Validators are responsible for verifying transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain, and they are rewarded with cryptocurrency for their efforts. For more info, see Attestation in Ethereum.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"attestation","Simplified Chinese":"证明",French:"attestation",German:"Bestätigung",Indonesian:"pengesahan",Italian:"attestazione",Korean:"증명",Persian:"گواهی","Brazilian Portuguese":"atestado",Russian:"аттестация",Spanish:"atestación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagpapatunay",Thai:"การลงนามรับรอง",Turkish:"tasdik",Vietnamese:"chứng thực",Arabic:"المصادقة","Traditional Chinese":"見證消息",Dutch:"attestatie",Greek:"επιβεβαίωση",Hindi:"अटेस्टेशन",Hungarian:"tanúsítvány",Japanese:"証明",Polish:"Poświadczenie",Ukrainian:"атестація"}},Avalanche:{term:"Avalanche",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Avalanche is a decentralized blockchain platform designed to provide fast and secure transactions for digital assets and applications. The platform uses a consensus mechanism known as Avalanche consensus, which allows for high throughput, low latency, and customizable blockchains.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Avalanche","Simplified Chinese":"Avalanche",French:"Avalanche",German:"Avalanche",Indonesian:"Avalanche",Italian:"Avalanche",Korean:"아발란체",Persian:"اولانچ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Avalanche",Russian:"Avalanche",Spanish:"Avalanche","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Avalanche",Thai:"Avalanche",Turkish:"Avalanche",Vietnamese:"Avalanche",Arabic:"Avalanche","Traditional Chinese":"Avalanche",Dutch:"Avalanche",Greek:"Avalanche",Hindi:"Avalanche",Hungarian:"Avalanche",Japanese:"Avalanche",Polish:"Avalanche",Ukrainian:"Avalanche"}},"Axie Infinity":{term:"Axie Infinity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Axie Infinity is a non-fungible token-based online video game known for its in-game economy, which uses Ethereum-based cryptocurrencies.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Axie Infinity","Simplified Chinese":"Axie Infinity",French:"Axie Infinity",German:"Axie Infinity",Indonesian:"Axie Infinity",Italian:"Axie Infinity",Korean:"액시 인피니티",Persian:"اکسی اینفینیتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Axie Infinity",Russian:"Axie Infinity",Spanish:"Axie Infinity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Axie Infinity",Thai:"Axie Infinity",Turkish:"Axie Infinity",Vietnamese:"Axie Infinity",Arabic:"Axie Infinity","Traditional Chinese":"Axie Infinity",Dutch:"Axie Infinity",Greek:"Axie Infinity",Hindi:"Axie Infinity",Hungarian:"Axie Infinity",Japanese:"Axie Infinity",Polish:"Axie Infinity",Ukrainian:"Axie Infinity"}},"Base fee":{term:"Base fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Every block has a reserve price known as the 'base fee'. It is the minimum gas fee a user must pay to include a transaction in the next block.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Base fee","Simplified Chinese":"基础费用",French:"Frais de base",German:"Grundgebühr",Indonesian:"Biaya dasar",Italian:"Commissione di base",Korean:"기본 요금",Persian:"کارمزد پایه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa base",Russian:"Базовая комиссия",Spanish:"tarifa base","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Batayang bayad",Thai:"ค่าแก๊สพื้นฐาน",Turkish:"Baz ücret",Vietnamese:"Phí cơ sở",Arabic:"الحد الأدنى للرسوم","Traditional Chinese":"基本費用",Dutch:"base fee",Greek:"Βασική αμοιβή",Hindi:"बेस फी",Hungarian:"alapdíj",Japanese:"基本料金",Polish:"Opłata podstawowa",Ukrainian:"Базова комісія"}},"Beacon Chain":{term:"Beacon Chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Beacon Chain was one element built in the infrastructure being built to scale Ethereum. It was the foundation for a transition from a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism to Proof of Stake (PoS). For more information, see this guide.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Beacon Chain","Simplified Chinese":"信标链",French:"Chaîne phare",German:"Beacon Chain",Indonesian:"Beacon Chain",Italian:"Beacon Chain",Korean:"비콘 체인",Persian:"بیکن چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Beacon Chain",Russian:"Бикончейн",Spanish:"cadena Beacon","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Beacon Chain",Thai:"Beacon Chain",Turkish:"İşaret Zinciri",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi Beacon",Arabic:"سلسلة المنارة (Beacon)","Traditional Chinese":"信標鏈",Dutch:"Beacon Chain",Greek:"Κύρια αλυσίδα",Hindi:"बीकन चेन",Hungarian:"Beacon-lánc",Japanese:"ビーコンチェーン",Polish:"Łańcuch śledzący (beacon chain)",Ukrainian:"Beacon Chain"}},Binance:{term:"Binance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Binance is a centralized cryptocurrency exchange which operates in multiple countries, as well as two different blockchains, the BNB Chain and the BNB Smart Chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Binance","Simplified Chinese":"Binance",French:"Binance",German:"Binance",Indonesian:"Binance",Italian:"Binance",Korean:"바이낸스",Persian:"بایننس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Binance",Russian:"Binance",Spanish:"Binance","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Binance",Thai:"Binance",Turkish:"Binance",Vietnamese:"Binance",Arabic:"Binance","Traditional Chinese":"Binance",Dutch:"Binance",Greek:"Binance",Hindi:"Binance",Hungarian:"Binance",Japanese:"Binance",Polish:"Binance",Ukrainian:"Binance"}},"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)":{term:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency or cryptocurrency, which was created in 2009 by an unknown person or group using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public digital ledger called the blockchain, which is maintained by a network of computers worldwide. Bitcoin transactions are made directly between users without the need for intermediaries like banks or financial institutions. Users can send and receive Bitcoins using digital wallets. One of the key features of Bitcoin is its limited supply. There will only ever be 21 million Bitcoins in existence, which helps to prevent inflation and maintain the value of the currency. The plural of bitcoin is just bitcoin; the abbreviation is BTC, with a space: I have 250 BTC.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)","Simplified Chinese":"比特币 / 比特币（BTC）",French:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",German:"Bitcoin / Bitcoin (BTC)",Indonesian:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Italian:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Korean:"비트코인 / 비트코인(BTC)",Persian:"بیت‌کوین (BTC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Russian:"Биткойн/ биткойн (BTC)",Spanish:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Thai:"บิตคอยน์",Turkish:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Vietnamese:"Bitcoin/bitcoin (BTC)",Arabic:"البيتكوين / بيتكوين (BTC)","Traditional Chinese":"比特幣",Dutch:"bitcoin (BTC)",Greek:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Hindi:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Hungarian:"Bitcoin/bitcoin (BTC)",Japanese:"ビットコイン / ビットコイン (BTC)",Polish:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Ukrainian:"Біткойн/біткойн (BTC)"}},"block (noun)":{term:"block (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"If we think of a blockchain as consisting of a ledger that is being constantly synced between any number of different nodes (indeed, 'distributed ledger technology' is another phrase used to describe it), imagine that after a certain number of transactions have been added to the ledger and consensus has been reached among the nodes that the transactions are valid, then they are cryptographically locked into a 'block' and officially recorded; this 'block' forms the basis for the next one; in this way, they are all linked together in a chain, hence--blockchain.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"block (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"区块",French:"Bloc (nom)",German:"Block",Indonesian:"block",Italian:"blocco (noun)",Korean:"블록(명사)",Persian:"بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco",Russian:"блок",Spanish:"bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"block (pangngalan)",Thai:"บล็อก",Turkish:"blok",Vietnamese:"khối (danh từ)",Arabic:"كُتلة","Traditional Chinese":"區塊",Dutch:"blok",Greek:"ομάδα καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक (नाउन)",Hungarian:"blokk",Japanese:"ブロック",Polish:"Blok",Ukrainian:"блок"}},"block explorer":{term:"block explorer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding API, that displays information about blockchain activity in a more human-friendly way. While a blockchain is designed to keep information forever, and be “readable by anyone”, finding the specific information you’re interested in may require indexing data off the blockchain–that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, token type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by blockchain explorers. A prominent example is etherscan, which also offers explorers on a number of other networks.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block explorer","Simplified Chinese":"区块浏览器",French:"explorateur de blocs",German:"Block-Explorer",Indonesian:"block explorer",Italian:"block explorer",Korean:"블록 탐색기",Persian:"مرورگر بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"explorador de blocos",Russian:"обозреватель блоков",Spanish:"explorador de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"block explorer",Thai:"ส่วนอธิบายบล็อก",Turkish:"blok gezgini",Vietnamese:"trình khám phá khối",Arabic:"مستكشف البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈瀏覽器",Dutch:"blokverkenner",Greek:"εξερευνητής ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक एक्सप्लोरर",Hungarian:"blokk felfedező",Japanese:"ブロックエクスプローラー",Polish:"Eksplorator bloków",Ukrainian:"оглядач блоків"}},"block height":{term:"block height",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The number of blocks connected together in the blockchain. For example, Height 0 would be the very first block, which is also called the Genesis Block.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block height","Simplified Chinese":"区块高度",French:"hauteur de bloc",German:"Blockhöhe",Indonesian:"ketinggian block",Italian:"altezza del blocco",Korean:"블록 높이",Persian:"ارتفاع بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"altura do bloco",Russian:"высота блока",Spanish:"altura del bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"taas ng block",Thai:"เลขบล็อก",Turkish:"blok yüksekliği",Vietnamese:"chiều cao khối",Arabic:"موقع الكتلة","Traditional Chinese":"區塊高度",Dutch:"blokhoogte",Greek:"ύψος ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक हाइट",Hungarian:"blokkmagasság",Japanese:"ブロックの高さ",Polish:"Wysokość bloku",Ukrainian:"висота блоку"}},"block reward":{term:"block reward",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The reward given to a miner or validator after it has successfully hashed a transaction block. Block rewards can be a mixture of coins and transaction fees. The composition depends on the policy used by the cryptocurrency in question, and whether all of the coins have already been successfully mined. The current block reward for the Bitcoin network is 12.5 bitcoins per block.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block reward","Simplified Chinese":"区块奖励",French:"récompense de bloc",German:"Blockbelohnung",Indonesian:"imbalan block",Italian:"ricompensa del blocco",Korean:"블록 보상",Persian:"پاداش بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"recompensa do bloco",Russian:"вознаграждение за блок",Spanish:"recompensa por bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"gantimpala ng block",Thai:"รางวัลการขุดบล็อก",Turkish:"blok ödülü",Vietnamese:"phần thưởng khối",Arabic:"مكافأة الكتلة","Traditional Chinese":"區塊獎勵",Dutch:"blokbeloning",Greek:"ανταμοιβή ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक रिवॉर्ड",Hungarian:"blokkjutalom",Japanese:"ブロック報酬",Polish:"Nagroda za blok",Ukrainian:"винагорода за блок"}},"block time":{term:"block time",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"When we talk about 'block time', we're referring to how long it takes for a block of transactions (see 'block') to be confirmed by the network, either by miners under PoW or by validators under PoS. See also 'Proof of Work', 'Proof of Stake'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block time","Simplified Chinese":"区块时间",French:"délai du bloc",German:"Blockzeit",Indonesian:"waktu block",Italian:"orario creazione blocco",Korean:"블록타임",Persian:"زمان بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"tempo do bloco",Russian:"время блока",Spanish:"tiempo del bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"oras ng block",Thai:"ระยะเวลาบล็อก",Turkish:"blok süresi",Vietnamese:"thời gian đóng khối",Arabic:"وقت الكتلة","Traditional Chinese":"新的區塊在區塊鏈中被生成的時間間隔",Dutch:"bloktijd",Greek:"χρόνος ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक टाइम",Hungarian:"blokkidő",Japanese:"ブロックタイム",Polish:"Czas wydobycia bloku",Ukrainian:"час блокування"}},blockchain:{term:"blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A digital ledger comprised of unchangeable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks. Each block is ‘chained’ to the next block using a cryptographic signature. Ethereum is a public blockchain, open to the world; its digital ledger is distributed, or synced, between many nodes; these nodes arrive at consensus regarding whether a transaction is valid before encrypting it, along with a number of other valid transactions, into a block. For more on blockchain technology, see here. See also 'block'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"区块链",French:"blockchain/chaîne de blocs",German:"Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain",Italian:"blockchain",Korean:"블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain",Russian:"блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชน",Turkish:"blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối",Arabic:"سلسلة الكتل (البلوكتشين)","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈",Dutch:"blockchain",Greek:"αλυσίδα κατανεμημένης εγγραφής",Hindi:"ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"blokklánc",Japanese:"ブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain (łańcuch bloków)",Ukrainian:"блокчейн"}},"Blockchain explorer":{term:"Blockchain explorer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding API, that displays information about blockchain activity in a more human-friendly way. While a blockchain is designed to keep information forever, and be 'readable by anyone', finding the specific information you're interested in may require indexing data off the blockchain--that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, token type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by blockchain explorers. A prominent example is etherscan, which also offers explorers on a number of other networks.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Blockchain explorer","Simplified Chinese":"区块链浏览器",French:"Explorateur de blockchain",German:"Blockchain-Explorer",Indonesian:"Blockchain explorer",Italian:"Blockchain explorer",Korean:"블록체인 탐색기",Persian:"مرورگر بلاک‌چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Explorador de blockchain",Russian:"Обзреватель блокчейна",Spanish:"explorador de la cadenas de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Blockchain explorer",Thai:"ส่วนอธิบายบล็อกเชน",Turkish:"Blokzinciri gezgini",Vietnamese:"Trình khám phá chuỗi khối",Arabic:"مستكشف البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈瀏覽器",Dutch:"blockchain-verkenner",Greek:"Εξερευνητής αλυσίδας κατανεμημένης εγγραφής",Hindi:"ब्लॉकचेन एक्सप्लोरर",Hungarian:"blokklánc felfedező",Japanese:"ブロックチェーンエクスプローラー",Polish:"Eksplorator blockchain",Ukrainian:"Блокчейн-оглядач"}},"blockchain trilemma":{term:"blockchain trilemma",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Tradeoffs facing those building public blockchain networks vis-a-vis three elements: decentralization, security, and scalability (or speed). These three elements are either necessary or desireable in public distributed networks, and often, designing a system that optimizes for one compromises on another.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"blockchain trilemma","Simplified Chinese":"区块链不可能三角",French:"Trilemme de la blockchain",German:"Blockchain-Trilemma",Indonesian:"blockchain trilema",Italian:"Trilemma della blockchain",Korean:"블록체인 트릴레마",Persian:"سه‌گانه بلاک‌چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"trilema de blockchain",Russian:"трилемма блокчейна",Spanish:"trilema de la cadenas de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"blockchain trilemma",Thai:"บล็อกเชนตรีบถ",Turkish:"blokzinciri çıkmazı",Vietnamese:"bộ ba bất khả thi của chuỗi khối",Arabic:"المعضلة الثلاثية الأبعاد لسلاسل البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈的三難困境",Dutch:"blockchain-trilemma",Greek:"τρίλημα αλυσίδας κατανεμημένης εγγραφής",Hindi:"ब्लॉकचेन ट्राइलेमा",Hungarian:"blokklánc trilemma",Japanese:"ブロックチェーンのトリレンマ",Polish:"Trylemat łańcucha bloków",Ukrainian:"трилема блокчейна"}},"BNB Chain":{term:"BNB Chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Build N Build (BNB) Chain is a distributed blockchain network upon which developers and innovators can build decentralized applications (DApps) as part of the move to Web3. BNB chain",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"BNB Chain","Simplified Chinese":"BNB Chain",French:"BNB Chain",German:"BNB Chain",Indonesian:"BNB Chain",Italian:"BNB Chain",Korean:"BNB 체인",Persian:"زنجیره BNB","Brazilian Portuguese":"BNB Chain",Russian:"BNB Chain",Spanish:"BNB Chain","Filipino (Tagalog)":"BNB Chain",Thai:"เชน BNB",Turkish:"BNB Chain",Vietnamese:"BNB Chain",Arabic:"سلسلة BNB","Traditional Chinese":"BNB Chain",Dutch:"BNB Chain",Greek:"BNB Chain",Hindi:"BNB chain",Hungarian:"BNB-lánc",Japanese:"BNB チェーン",Polish:"BNB Chain",Ukrainian:"Мережа BNB"}},"bounty / bug bounty":{term:"bounty / bug bounty",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A reward offered for exposing vulnerabilities and issues in computer code.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"bounty / bug bounty","Simplified Chinese":"赏金 / 漏洞赏金",French:"prime/prime de bug",German:"Belohnung / Fehlerbelohnung",Indonesian:"bounty / bug bounty",Italian:"bounty / bug bounty",Korean:"바운티 / 버그바운티",Persian:"پاداش پیدا کردن اشکال","Brazilian Portuguese":"recompensa / recompensa por bugs",Russian:"вознаграждение / вознаграждение за уязвимость",Spanish:"recompensa por errores","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bounty / bug bounty",Thai:"รางวัล / รางวัลรายงานช่องโหว่",Turkish:"bounty / hata ödülü",Vietnamese:"tiền thưởng/tiền thưởng nhờ tìm ra lỗi",Arabic:"مكافأة / مكافأة اكتشاف الخلل","Traditional Chinese":"漏洞回報獎勵",Dutch:"bounty/bug bounty",Greek:"επιβράβευση / επιβράβευση σφαλμάτων",Hindi:"बाउंटी / बग बाउंटी",Hungarian:"bounty/bug bounty",Japanese:"報奨金 / バグ発見報奨金",Polish:"Nagroda bug bounty",Ukrainian:"винагорода за помилку/винагорода за виявлення вразливостей"}},"brain wallet":{term:"brain wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain account generated from a seed phrase or password or passphrase of your choosing. Humans are not capable of generating enough entropy, or randomness, and therefore the wallets derived from these phrases are insecure; brain wallets can be brute forced by super fast computers. For this reason, brain wallet are insecure and should not be used. See also 'Seed phrase / Secret Recovery Phrase'.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"brain wallet","Simplified Chinese":"脑钱包",French:"portefeuille mnémotechnique",German:"Brain-Wallet",Indonesian:"brain wallet",Italian:"brain wallet",Korean:"브레인월렛",Persian:"کیف پول ذهنی","Brazilian Portuguese":"brain wallet",Russian:"брейн-кошелек",Spanish:"monedero memorizado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"brain wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ตความจำ",Turkish:"beyin cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví trí nhớ",Arabic:"محفظة الدماغ","Traditional Chinese":"腦錢包",Dutch:"brainwallet",Greek:"πορτοφόλι με φράσεις πρόσβασης",Hindi:"ब्रेन वॉलेट",Hungarian:"„agy” tárca",Japanese:"ブレインウォレット",Polish:"Brain wallet",Ukrainian:"мозковий гаманець"}},Brave:{term:"Brave",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Brave is a free and open-source web browser developed by Brave Software, Inc., based on the Chromium web browser. It has a built-in crypto wallet that allows users to connect to the web3 ecosystem.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Brave","Simplified Chinese":"Brave",French:"Brave",German:"Brave",Indonesian:"Brave",Italian:"Brave",Korean:"브레이브",Persian:"بریو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Brave",Russian:"Brave",Spanish:"Brave","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Brave",Thai:"Brave",Turkish:"Brave",Vietnamese:"Brave",Arabic:"بريفّ","Traditional Chinese":"Brave",Dutch:"Brave",Greek:"Brave",Hindi:"Brave",Hungarian:"Brave",Japanese:"Brave",Polish:"Brave",Ukrainian:"Brave"}},Bridge:{term:"Bridge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A bridge is a tool built to move assets from one network to another. It’s also a verb, used to describe that action: “I bridged my ETH from Ethereum mainnet to Arbitrum.” Not all bridges are created equal, and you should be informed about what you’re doing before you use one. Field Guide to bridges See also MetaMask Bridge",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Bridge","Simplified Chinese":"跨链桥",French:"Passerelle",German:"Bridge",Indonesian:"Bridge",Italian:"Bridge",Korean:"브릿지",Persian:"پل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ponte",Russian:"Мост",Spanish:"puente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Bridge",Thai:"สะพาน",Turkish:"Köprü",Vietnamese:"Cầu",Arabic:"جسر","Traditional Chinese":"橋",Dutch:"bridge",Greek:"Γέφυρα",Hindi:"ब्रिज",Hungarian:"híd (noun), áthidalni (verb), Bridge (as in MetaMask Bridge)",Japanese:"ブリッジ",Polish:"Most",Ukrainian:"Міст"}},BTC:{term:"BTC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Abbreviation for Bitcoin",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"BTC","Simplified Chinese":"BTC",French:"BTC",German:"BTC",Indonesian:"BTC",Italian:"BTC",Korean:"BTC",Persian:"BTC","Brazilian Portuguese":"BTC",Russian:"BTC",Spanish:"BTC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"BTC",Thai:"BTC",Turkish:"BTC",Vietnamese:"BTC",Arabic:"BTC","Traditional Chinese":"比特幣",Dutch:"BTC",Greek:"BTC",Hindi:"BTC",Hungarian:"BTC",Japanese:"BTC",Polish:"BTC",Ukrainian:"BTC"}},BUIDL:{term:"BUIDL",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ostensibly coined (see what we did there) by Gitcoin's Kevin Owocki. It reflects the Ethereum-focused mindset of not just investing in a cryptocurrency as a store of value, but rather investing in it as an ecosystem and a platform for public goods and software; it complements, in this sense, the now-infamous HODL.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"BUIDL","Simplified Chinese":"BUIDL（构建）",French:"BUIDL (voir nos réalisations)",German:"BUIDL",Indonesian:"BUIDL",Italian:"BUIDL",Korean:"비들",Persian:"بیدل","Brazilian Portuguese":"BUIDL",Russian:"BUIDL",Spanish:"BUIDL","Filipino (Tagalog)":"BUIDL",Thai:"BUIDL",Turkish:"BUIDL",Vietnamese:"XÂY DỰNG",Arabic:"BUIDL","Traditional Chinese":"建設",Dutch:"BUIDL",Greek:"BUIDL",Hindi:"BUIDL",Hungarian:"BUIDL",Japanese:"BUIDL (ビドル)",Polish:"BUIDL",Ukrainian:"BUIDL"}},bytecode:{term:"bytecode",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Bytecode is a 'low-level' computer language, that is, meant to be processed by a computer, rather than a 'high-level', more human-readable, language. In Ethereum, higher-level Solidity is compiled into Ethereum bytecode, which is read by the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"bytecode","Simplified Chinese":"字节码",French:"bytecode",German:"Bytecode",Indonesian:"kode byte",Italian:"bytecode",Korean:"바이트코드",Persian:"بایت‌کد","Brazilian Portuguese":"bytecode",Russian:"байт-код",Spanish:"código de bytes","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bytecode",Thai:"ไบต์โค้ด",Turkish:"bayt kodu",Vietnamese:"mã byte",Arabic:"شفرة البايت","Traditional Chinese":"位元組碼",Dutch:"bytecode",Greek:"σύνολο εντολών",Hindi:"बाइटकोड",Hungarian:"bytecode",Japanese:"バイトコード",Polish:"Kod bajtowy",Ukrainian:"байт-код"}},"Byzantine fault tolerance":{term:"Byzantine fault tolerance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A Byzantine fault, or failure, is one of the most difficult failures to deal with in computer systems; this is because it takes into account the possibility that the information used to determine the current state of the system may--or may not--be reliable. While applicable in many realms of technology, this becomes of particular interest in public blockchain systems: how do we ensure that we can agree on the current state of the network when there is an incentive, often a significant financial incentive, to subvert the state of the network for one's own profit? On a more basic level, if we're coordinating a network running around the world on all kinds of different hardware and software, there are all kinds or problems that can occur that hinder the network's ability to reach consensus on its current state. Therefore, a network that has been designed and implemented to be resistant to these sorts of failures, either due to malicious intent or technical failure, is said to be Byzantine Fault Tolerant.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Byzantine fault tolerance","Simplified Chinese":"拜占庭容错",French:"Panne byzantine",German:"Byzantine-Fehlertoleranz",Indonesian:"Toleransi kesalahan Byzantine",Italian:"Tolleranza agli errori bizantini",Korean:"비잔틴 장애 허용",Persian:"تحمل خطای بیزانس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Tolerância a falhas bizantinas",Russian:"Задача византийских генералов",Spanish:"tolerancia a fallas bizantinas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"",Thai:"การทนความผิดพร่องแบบไบแซนไทน์",Turkish:"Bizans hata toleransı",Vietnamese:"Hệ thống chịu lỗi Byzantine",Arabic:"التسامح مع الخطأ البيزنطي","Traditional Chinese":"拜占庭容錯算法",Dutch:"Byzantijnse fouttolerantie",Greek:"Ανοχή Βυζαντινής Βλάβης",Hindi:"बायजैंटाइन फॉल्ट टॉलरेंस",Hungarian:"bizánci hibatűrés",Japanese:"ビザンチン障害耐性",Polish:"Odporność na problem bizantyjskich generałów",Ukrainian:"Візантійська відмовостійкість"}},"Byzantium fork":{term:"Byzantium fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A 'hard fork' in the Ethereum network that occurred in October of 2017. For detailled information, see here; see also 'hard fork'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Byzantium fork","Simplified Chinese":"拜占庭分叉",French:"Fork Byzance",German:"Byzantium-Fork",Indonesian:"Byzantium fork",Italian:"Fork Byzantium",Korean:"비잔티움 포크",Persian:"هارد فورک بیزانس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Bifurcação Byzantium",Russian:"Византийский форк",Spanish:"allet","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Byzantium fork",Thai:"การแยกบิแซนเทียม",Turkish:"Bizans çatalı",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh Byzantium",Arabic:"انقسام (فورك) Byzantium","Traditional Chinese":"拜占庭",Dutch:"Byzantium fork",Greek:"Byzantium fork",Hindi:"बायजैंटियम फोर्क",Hungarian:"bizánci villa",Japanese:"ビザンチウムフォーク",Polish:"Fork Byzantium",Ukrainian:"Форк Byzantium"}},Celo:{term:"Celo",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Celo is a platform designed to allow mobile users around the world to make simple financial transactions with cryptocurrency. The platform has its own blockchain and two native tokens: CELO and cUSD",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Celo","Simplified Chinese":"Celo",French:"Celo",German:"Celo",Indonesian:"Celo",Italian:"Celo",Korean:"Celo",Persian:"سلو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Celo",Russian:"Celo",Spanish:"Celo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Celo",Thai:"Celo",Turkish:"Celo",Vietnamese:"Celo",Arabic:"Celo","Traditional Chinese":"Celo",Dutch:"Celo",Greek:"Celo",Hindi:"Celo",Hungarian:"Celo",Japanese:"Celo",Polish:"Celo",Ukrainian:"Celo"}},"Centralized exchange (CEX)":{term:"Centralized exchange (CEX)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A centralized exchange (CEX) is a cryptocurrency exchange that is operated and controlled by a centralized entity. In a CEX, the exchange company or organization acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers, holding and managing the assets on behalf of its users. Centralized exchanges typically offer a wide range of trading pairs, with many popular cryptocurrencies available for trade. They also usually have high liquidity and offer advanced trading features such as margin trading, order types, and charting tools. However, centralized exchanges also have several drawbacks. They are often targeted by hackers, as the centralized nature of the exchange makes them a single point of failure. They also require users to trust the exchange to hold their funds securely and execute trades fairly, which can be a source of concern for some users.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Centralized exchange (CEX)","Simplified Chinese":"中心化交易所（CEX）",French:"Échange centralisé (CEX)",German:"Zentralisierte Börse (CEX)",Indonesian:"Bursa tersentralisasi (CEX)",Italian:"Exchange centralizzato (CEX)",Korean:"중앙화 거래소(CEX)",Persian:"صرافی متمرکز (CEX)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Corretora centralizada (CEX)",Russian:"Централизованная биржа (CEX)",Spanish:"intercambio centralizado (CEX)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Centralized exchange (CEX)",Thai:"ตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนแบบรวมศูนย์",Turkish:"Merkezi Borsa (CEX)",Vietnamese:"Sàn giao dịch tập trung (CEX)",Arabic:"بورصة مركزية (CEX)","Traditional Chinese":"中心化交易所",Dutch:"centrale exchange (CEX)",Greek:"Centralized exchange (CEX)",Hindi:"सेंट्रलाइज्ड एक्सचेंज (CEX)",Hungarian:"központosított tőzsde (CEX)",Japanese:"中央集権型取引所 (CEX)",Polish:"Giełda scentralizowana (CEX)",Ukrainian:"Централізована біржа (CEX)"}},CEX:{term:"CEX",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Centralized Exchange'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"CEX","Simplified Chinese":"CEX（中心化交易所）",French:"CEX",German:"CEX",Indonesian:"CEX",Italian:"CEX",Korean:"CEX",Persian:"صرافی متمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"CEX",Russian:"CEX",Spanish:"CEX","Filipino (Tagalog)":"CEX",Thai:"CEX",Turkish:"CEX",Vietnamese:"CEX",Arabic:"بورصة مركزية (CEX)","Traditional Chinese":"中心化交易所",Dutch:"CEX",Greek:"CEX",Hindi:"CEX",Hungarian:"CEX",Japanese:"CEX",Polish:"CEX",Ukrainian:"CEX"}},"chain ID":{term:"chain ID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A chain ID is a unique identifier that represents a blockchain network. We use it to distinguish different blockchain networks from each other and to ensure that transactions and messages are sent to the correct network. Ethereum networks have two identifiers, a network ID and a chain ID. Although they often have the same value, they have different uses. Peer-to-peer communication between nodes uses the network ID, while the transaction signature process uses the chain ID",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"chain ID","Simplified Chinese":"链 ID",French:"ID de chaîne",German:"Chain-ID",Indonesian:"ID chain",Italian:"chain ID",Korean:"체인 ID",Persian:"شناسه زنجیره","Brazilian Portuguese":"ID da cadeia",Russian:"ID блокчейна",Spanish:"ID de cadena","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ID ng chain",Thai:"ID เชน",Turkish:"zincir kimliği",Vietnamese:"ID chuỗi",Arabic:"مُعرفّ السلسلة","Traditional Chinese":"智能鏈ID",Dutch:"chain-ID",Greek:"Αναγνωριστικό αλυσίδας",Hindi:"चेन ID",Hungarian:"láncazonosító",Japanese:"チェーン ID",Polish:"ID łańcucha",Ukrainian:"ID мережі"}},Chrome:{term:"Chrome",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Internet browser.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Chrome","Simplified Chinese":"Chrome",French:"Chrome",German:"Chrome",Indonesian:"Chrome",Italian:"Chrome",Korean:"크롬",Persian:"کروم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chrome",Russian:"Chrome",Spanish:"Chrome","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Chrome",Thai:"Chrome",Turkish:"Chrome",Vietnamese:"Chrome",Arabic:"كروم","Traditional Chinese":"Chrome",Dutch:"Chrome",Greek:"Chrome",Hindi:"Chrome",Hungarian:"Chrome",Japanese:"Chrome",Polish:"Chrome",Ukrainian:"Chrome"}},"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)":{term:"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing in general, a 'client' is a program, running on a local computer, that is accessing data made available by a remote computer. In public blockchain networks, a 'client' is the software that actually does the work of syncing block data, confirming transactions, and participating in network consensus. A client usually includes a cryptocurrency software wallet. ConsenSys has supported efforts to maintain the Ethereum clients of Besu and Teku; see an up-to-date list of Ethereum clients here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)","Simplified Chinese":"客户端（Ethereum 或其他兼容区块链）",French:"client (Ethereum ou autre compatible avec la blockchain)",German:"Kunde (Ethereum oder eine andere kompatible Blockchain)",Indonesian:"klien (Ethereum atau blockchain yang kompatibel lainnya)",Italian:"client (blockchain Ethereum o altre compatibili)",Korean:"클라이언트(Ethereum 또는 기타 호환 가능한 블록체인)",Persian:"کلاینت (اتریوم یا سایر بلاک‌چین‌های سازگار)","Brazilian Portuguese":"cliente (Ethereum ou outra blockchain compatível)",Russian:"клиент (Ethereum или другой совместимый блокчейн)",Spanish:"cliente (Ethereum u otra blockchain compatible)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kliyente (Ethereum o iba pang katugmang blockchain)",Thai:"ไคลเอ็นต์",Turkish:"istemci",Vietnamese:"phần mềm (Ethereum hoặc chuỗi khối tương thích khác)",Arabic:"عميل (الإيثيريوم أو بلوكتشين متوافق آخر)","Traditional Chinese":"客戶端",Dutch:"client",Greek:"πελάτης (Ethereum ή άλλη συμβατή ομάδα καταχώρισης)",Hindi:"क्लाइंट (एथेरियम या दूसरा कम्पेटिबिल ब्लॉकचेन)",Hungarian:"kliens (Ethereum vagy más kompatibilis blokklánc)",Japanese:"クライアント",Polish:"Klient (Ethereum lub innego kompatybilnego blockchaina)",Ukrainian:"клієнт (Ethereum або інший сумісний блокчейн)"}},Codefi:{term:"Codefi",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Derived from “Commerce & Decentralized Finance”, Codefi, part of ConsenSys, builds applications for commerce and financial use cases. Currently known as Consensys Staking",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Codefi","Simplified Chinese":"Codefi",French:"Codefi",German:"Codefi",Indonesian:"Codefi",Italian:"Codefi",Korean:"코디파이",Persian:"کدیفای","Brazilian Portuguese":"Codefi",Russian:"Codefi",Spanish:"Codefi","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Codefi",Thai:"Codefi",Turkish:"Codefi",Vietnamese:"Codefi",Arabic:"التداول والتمويل اللامركزي (CodeFi)","Traditional Chinese":"Codefi",Dutch:"Codefi",Greek:"Codefi",Hindi:"Codefi",Hungarian:"Codefi",Japanese:"Codefi",Polish:"Codefi",Ukrainian:"CodeFi"}},coin:{term:"coin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The term 'coin' has some nuances. Strictly speaking, a 'coin' could be defined as: A fungible token (all of them identical) issued on a blockchain, either as the network's transactional token, or through a smart contract deployed to that network. Some people may use 'coins' as shorthand for 'bitcoin'; the immortal aphorism 'not your keys, not your coins' refers to bitcoins. Another thing to keep in mind is that, while coins are put forward as some sort of representation of value, that value can vary wildly from one 'coin' to another. A coin may represent the value of the computational resources of the network, or it may be 'pegged' to represent fiat currency value, or it may float according to the value placed on immaterial resources like NFTs, membership, or digital goods, to name a few.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"coin","Simplified Chinese":"代币",French:"monnaie/jeton fongible",German:"Coin",Indonesian:"koin",Italian:"moneta",Korean:"코인",Persian:"کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"moeda",Russian:"монета",Spanish:"moneda","Filipino (Tagalog)":"barya",Thai:"เหรียญ",Turkish:"coin",Vietnamese:"đồng",Arabic:"عملة","Traditional Chinese":"幣",Dutch:"coin/cryptomunt",Greek:"νόμισμα",Hindi:"कॉइन",Hungarian:"érme",Japanese:"コイン",Polish:"Coin / moneta",Ukrainian:"монета"}},"Coinbase Pay":{term:"Coinbase Pay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Coinbase Pay is a payment feature that allows you to buy or transfer supported crypto on Coinbase.com directly from self-custody wallets (like MetaMask) and dapps.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Coinbase Pay","Simplified Chinese":"Coinbase Pay",French:"Coinbase Pay",German:"Coinbase Pay",Indonesian:"Coinbase Pay",Italian:"Coinbase Pay",Korean:"코인베이스 페이",Persian:"کوین‌بیس پِی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Coinbase Pay",Russian:"Coinbase Pay",Spanish:"Coinbase Pay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Coinbase Pay",Thai:"Coinbase Pay",Turkish:"Coinbase Pay",Vietnamese:"Coinbase Pay",Arabic:"Coinbase Pay","Traditional Chinese":"Coinbase Pay",Dutch:"Coinbase Pay",Greek:"Coinbase Pay",Hindi:"कॉइनबेस Pay",Hungarian:"Coinbase Pay",Japanese:"Coinbase Pay",Polish:"Coinbase Pay",Ukrainian:"Coinbase Pay"}},"cold storage":{term:"cold storage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"cold wallet/cold storage: An offline wallet that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out MetaMask's Hardware Wallet Hub: Hardware Wallet Hub",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"cold storage","Simplified Chinese":"冷存储",French:"stockage déconnecté",German:"Cold Storage",Indonesian:"cold storage",Italian:"cold storage",Korean:"콜드 스토리지",Persian:"کیف پول سرد","Brazilian Portuguese":"cold storage",Russian:"холодное хранилище",Spanish:"almacenamiento en frío","Filipino (Tagalog)":"malamig na imbakan",Thai:"ที่เก็บเงินระยะยาว",Turkish:"soğuk depolama",Vietnamese:"kho lạnh",Arabic:"التخزين البارد (غير متصل بالإنترنت)","Traditional Chinese":"冷儲存",Dutch:"koude opslag/cold storage",Greek:"ψυχρή αποθήκευση",Hindi:"कोल्ड स्टोरेज",Hungarian:"hideg tárolás",Japanese:"コールドストレージ",Polish:"Zimny portfel (cold wallet)",Ukrainian:"холодне сховище"}},"cold wallet / cold storage":{term:"cold wallet / cold storage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An offline wallet that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out MetaMask's Hardware Wallet Hub.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cold wallet / cold storage","Simplified Chinese":"冷钱包 / 冷存储",French:"portefeuille déconnecté /stockage déconnecté",German:"Cold Wallet / Cold Storage",Indonesian:"cold wallet / cold storage",Italian:"cold wallet / cold storage",Korean:"콜드 월렛 / 콜드 스토리지",Persian:"کیف پول سرد/رذخیره‌سازی سرد","Brazilian Portuguese":"cold wallet / cold storage",Russian:"холодный кошелек / холодное хранилище",Spanish:"monedero en frío / almacenamiento en frío","Filipino (Tagalog)":"malamig na wallet / malamig na imbakan",Thai:"วอลเล็ตเงินเย็น / ที่เก็บเงินระยะยาว",Turkish:"soğuk cüzdan / soğuk depolama",Vietnamese:"ví lạnh/kho lạnh",Arabic:"محفظة باردة / تخزين بارد","Traditional Chinese":"冷錢包 / 冷儲存",Dutch:"koude wallet/koude opslag/cold storage",Greek:"ψυχρό πορτοφόλι / ψυχρή αποθήκευση",Hindi:"कोल्ड वॉलेट / कोल्ड स्टोरेज",Hungarian:"hideg pénztárca/hideg tárolás",Japanese:"コールドウォレット / コールドストレージ",Polish:"Zimny portfel (cold wallet)",Ukrainian:"холодний гаманець/холодне сховище"}},"Community Platform":{term:"Community Platform",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A community platform is a dedicated virtual space where people who share the same goals, interests, or motivations can connect and build relationships. MetaMask's community platform can be accessed here: MetaMask Community",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Community Platform","Simplified Chinese":"社区平台",French:"Plateforme communautaire",German:"Community-Plattform",Indonesian:"Platform Komunitas",Italian:"Piattaforma della community",Korean:"커뮤니티 플랫폼",Persian:"پلتفرم انجمن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Plataforma da Comunidade",Russian:"Платформа сообщества",Spanish:"plataforma comunitaria","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Platform ng Komunidad",Thai:"แพลตฟอร์มชุมชน",Turkish:"Topluluk Platformu",Vietnamese:"Nền tảng cộng đồng",Arabic:"منصة المجتمع","Traditional Chinese":"社群平台",Dutch:"communityplatform",Greek:"Πλατφόρμα Κοινότητας",Hindi:"कम्युनिटी प्लेटफ़ॉर्म",Hungarian:"Közösségi platform",Japanese:"コミュニティプラットフォーム",Polish:"Platforma społeczności",Ukrainian:"Платформа спільноти"}},Compiling:{term:"Compiling",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"There are many languages in computing and software programming. In general, 'low-level' languages are those actually processed by the computer's operating system or processor, while 'high-level' languages are those typed in by software developers making programs. Compiling, then, is converting code written in a high-level programming language (e.g., Solidity) into a lower-level language (e.g., EVM bytecode).",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Compiling","Simplified Chinese":"编译",French:"Compiler",German:"Kompilierung",Indonesian:"Mengompilasi",Italian:"Compiling",Korean:"컴파일링",Persian:"همگردانی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Compilação",Russian:"Компиляция",Spanish:"compilación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pinagsasama-sama",Thai:"การคอมไพล์",Turkish:"Derleme",Vietnamese:"Biên dịch",Arabic:"تجميع","Traditional Chinese":"編譯",Dutch:"Compiling",Greek:"Μεταγλώττιση",Hindi:"कम्पाइलिंग",Hungarian:"összeállítás",Japanese:"コンパイル",Polish:"Kompilowanie",Ukrainian:"Компіляція"}},Compound:{term:"Compound",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Compound is a decentralized, blockchain-based protocol that allows you to lend and borrow crypto — and have a say in its governance with its native COMP token.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Compound","Simplified Chinese":"Compound",French:"Compound",German:"Compound",Indonesian:"Compound",Italian:"Compound",Korean:"컴파운드",Persian:"کامپاند","Brazilian Portuguese":"Compound",Russian:"Compound",Spanish:"Compound","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Compound",Thai:"Compound",Turkish:"Compound",Vietnamese:"Compound",Arabic:"بروتوكول Compound","Traditional Chinese":"Compound",Dutch:"Compound",Greek:"Compound",Hindi:"Compound",Hungarian:"összetett",Japanese:"Compound",Polish:"Compound",Ukrainian:"Compound"}},confirmation:{term:"confirmation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A confirmation happens when a network has verified a blockchain transaction. Under a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, this happens through a process known as mining; under Proof of Stake (PoS), the process is known as validation. Once a transaction is successfully confirmed, it theoretically cannot be reversed or double spent. The more confirmations a transaction has, the harder it becomes to perform a double spend attack.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"confirmation","Simplified Chinese":"确认",French:"confirmation",German:"Bestätigung",Indonesian:"konfirmasi",Italian:"conferma",Korean:"컨펌",Persian:"تایید","Brazilian Portuguese":"confirmação",Russian:"подтверждение",Spanish:"confirmación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kumpirmasyon",Thai:"การยืนยัน",Turkish:"onay",Vietnamese:"xác nhận",Arabic:"تأكيد","Traditional Chinese":"確認",Dutch:"bevestiging",Greek:"επιβεβαίωση",Hindi:"कन्फर्मेशन",Hungarian:"megerősítés",Japanese:"承認",Polish:"Potwierdzenie transakcji",Ukrainian:"підтвердження"}},consensus:{term:"consensus",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The process used by a group of peers, or nodes, on a blockchain network to agree on the validity of transactions submitted to the network. Dominant consensus mechanisms are Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS).",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"consensus","Simplified Chinese":"共识",French:"consensus",German:"Konsens",Indonesian:"konsensus",Italian:"consensus",Korean:"컨센서스",Persian:"اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"consenso",Russian:"консенсус",Spanish:"consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pinagkasunduan",Thai:"ฉันทามติ",Turkish:"fikir birliği",Vietnamese:"đồng thuận",Arabic:"خوارزمية الإجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識層",Dutch:"consensus",Greek:"πολιτική συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस",Hungarian:"konszenzus",Japanese:"コンセンサス",Polish:"Konsensus",Ukrainian:"консенсус"}},"Consensus client":{term:"Consensus client",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus client is a component of a blockchain node that is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks in the network. It communicates with other nodes to reach consensus on the current state of the blockchain and to ensure that all nodes have a consistent copy of the ledger. There are various types of consensus mechanisms used in blockchain networks, including proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS), and delegated proof of stake (DPoS). The consensus client implements the specific consensus mechanism used by the network and ensures that all nodes follow the rules and reach agreement on the current state of the blockchain.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Consensus client","Simplified Chinese":"共识客户端",French:"client de consensus",German:"Konsens-Client",Indonesian:"Klien konsensus",Italian:"Consensus client",Korean:"컨센서스 클라이언트",Persian:"کلاینت اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cliente de consenso",Russian:"Клиент консенсуса",Spanish:"cliente de consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Kliyente ng kasunduan",Thai:"ไคลเอ็นต์ฉันทามติ",Turkish:"Fikir birliği istemcisi",Vietnamese:"Ứng dụng đồng thuận",Arabic:"عميل إجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識客戶端",Dutch:"consensus-client",Greek:"Πελάτης συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस क्लाइंट",Hungarian:"konszenzusos ügyfél",Japanese:"コンセンサスクライアント",Polish:"Klient konsensusu",Ukrainian:"Консенсус-клієнт"}},"Consensus layer":{term:"Consensus layer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The consensus layer is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks, and for coordinating communication between nodes to achieve consensus. In a blockchain network, the consensus layer is implemented by the consensus protocol or algorithm that defines how new blocks are added to the chain and how the network reaches agreement on the current state of the ledger.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Consensus layer","Simplified Chinese":"共识层",French:"couche de consensus",German:"Konsens-Layer",Indonesian:"Layer konsensus",Italian:"Consensus layer",Korean:"합의 레이어",Persian:"لایه اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada de consenso",Russian:"Уровень консенсуса",Spanish:"capa de consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer ng kasunduan",Thai:"เลเยอร์ฉันทามติ",Turkish:"Fikir birliği katmanı",Vietnamese:"Lớp đồng thuận",Arabic:"طبقة الإجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識層",Dutch:"consensuslaag",Greek:"Επίπεδο συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस लेयर",Hungarian:"konszenzusos réteg",Japanese:"コンセンサスレイヤー",Polish:"Warstwa konsensusu",Ukrainian:"Рівень консенсусу"}},"Consensus mechanism":{term:"Consensus mechanism",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Consensus mechanisms (also known as consensus protocols or consensus algorithms) allow distributed systems (networks of computers) to work together and stay secure.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Consensus mechanism","Simplified Chinese":"共识机制",French:"mécanisme de consensus",German:"Konsens-Mechanismus",Indonesian:"Mekanisme konsensus",Italian:"Meccanismo di consenso",Korean:"합의 메커니즘",Persian:"مکانیزم اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Mecanismo de consenso",Russian:"Механизм консенсуса",Spanish:"mecanismo de consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mekanismo ng kasunduan",Thai:"กลไกฉันทามติ",Turkish:"Fikir birliği mekanizması",Vietnamese:"Cơ chế đồng thuận",Arabic:"آلية الإجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識機制",Dutch:"consensusmechanisme",Greek:"Μηχανισμός συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस मैकेनिज्म",Hungarian:"konszenzus mechanizmusa",Japanese:"コンセンサスメカニズム",Polish:"Mechanizm konsensusu",Ukrainian:"Механізм консенсусу"}},Consensys:{term:"Consensys",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Short for Consensus Systems, ConsenSys is the software engineering leader of the blockchain space.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Consensys","Simplified Chinese":"Consensys",French:"Consensys",German:"Consensys",Indonesian:"Consensys",Italian:"Consensys",Korean:"Consensys",Persian:"کانسنسیس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Consensys",Russian:"Consensys",Spanish:"Consensys","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Consensys",Thai:"Consensys",Turkish:"Consensys",Vietnamese:"Consensys",Arabic:"Consensys","Traditional Chinese":"Consensys",Dutch:"Consensys",Greek:"Consensys",Hindi:"Consensys",Hungarian:"Consensys",Japanese:"Consensys",Polish:"Consensys",Ukrainian:"Consensys"}},"Constantinople fork":{term:"Constantinople fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"One of the 'hard forks' made to the Ethereum network, in February 2019. For more detailed information, see here; see also 'hard fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Constantinople fork","Simplified Chinese":"君士坦丁堡分叉",French:"Fork Constantinople",German:"Constantinople-Fork",Indonesian:"Constantinople fork",Italian:"Fork di Costantinopoli",Korean:"콘스탄티노플 포크",Persian:"فورک قسطنطنیه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Bifurcação Constantinople",Russian:"Константинопольский форк",Spanish:"bifurcación Constantinople","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Constantinople fork",Thai:"การแยกคอนสแตนติโนเปิล",Turkish:"Constantinople çatalı",Vietnamese:"Phân nhánh Constantinople",Arabic:"انقسام (فورك) Byzantium","Traditional Chinese":"君士坦丁堡硬分叉",Dutch:"Constantinople fork",Greek:"Constantinople fork",Hindi:"कॉन्स्टेंटिनोपल फोर्क",Hungarian:"konstantinápolyi villa",Japanese:"コンスタンティノープルフォーク",Polish:"Fork Constantinople",Ukrainian:"Форк «Константинополь»"}},contract:{term:"contract",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See smart contract",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"contract","Simplified Chinese":"合约",French:"contrat",German:"Contract",Indonesian:"kontrak",Italian:"contratto",Korean:"계약",Persian:"قرارداد","Brazilian Portuguese":"contrato",Russian:"контракт",Spanish:"contrato","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kontrata",Thai:"สัญญา",Turkish:"sözleşme",Vietnamese:"hợp đồng",Arabic:"عقد","Traditional Chinese":"合約",Dutch:"contract",Greek:"συμβόλαιο",Hindi:"कॉन्ट्रैक्ट",Hungarian:"szerződés",Japanese:"コントラクト",Polish:"Kontrakt",Ukrainian:"контракт"}},"Contract account":{term:"Contract account",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An account containing code that executes whenever it receives a transaction from another account (EOA or contract).",termCategory:"Company name",i18n:{Term:"Contract account","Simplified Chinese":"合约账户",French:"compte du contrat",German:"Vertragskonto",Indonesian:"Akun kontrak",Italian:"Account del contratto",Korean:"계약 계정",Persian:"حساب قرارداد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Conta do contrato",Russian:"Контрактный счет",Spanish:"cuenta de contrato","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Account ng kontrata",Thai:"บัญชีสัญญา",Turkish:"Sözleşme hesabı",Vietnamese:"Tài khoản hợp đồng",Arabic:"حساب العقد","Traditional Chinese":"合約帳戶",Dutch:"contract-account",Greek:"συμβατικό ποσό",Hindi:"कॉन्ट्रैक्ट अकाउंट",Hungarian:"szerződéses számla",Japanese:"コントラクトアカウント",Polish:"Konto kontraktowe",Ukrainian:"Контрактний обліковий запис"}},CoolWallet:{term:"CoolWallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto hardware wallet for Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, and ERC20 Token.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"CoolWallet","Simplified Chinese":"CoolWallet",French:"CoolWallet",German:"CoolWallet",Indonesian:"CoolWallet",Italian:"CoolWallet",Korean:"쿨월렛",Persian:"کول‌ولت","Brazilian Portuguese":"CoolWallet",Russian:"CoolWallet",Spanish:"CoolWallet","Filipino (Tagalog)":"CoolWallet",Thai:"CoolWallet",Turkish:"CoolWallet",Vietnamese:"CoolWallet",Arabic:"CoolWallet","Traditional Chinese":"CoolWallet",Dutch:"CoolWallet",Greek:"CoolWallet",Hindi:"CoolWallet",Hungarian:"CoolWallet",Japanese:"CoolWallet",Polish:"CoolWallet",Ukrainian:"CoolWallet"}},"crypto asset":{term:"crypto asset",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A useful blanket term that covers on-chain assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto asset","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币资产",French:"cryptoactif",German:"Krypto-Asset",Indonesian:"aset kripto",Italian:"crypto asset",Korean:"암호자산",Persian:"دارایی رمزارزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptoativo",Russian:"криптоактив",Spanish:"cripto","Filipino (Tagalog)":"crypto na asset",Thai:"สินทรัพย์คริปโต",Turkish:"kripto varlığı",Vietnamese:"tài sản tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"أصل مشفر","Traditional Chinese":"加密資產",Dutch:"crypto-asset",Greek:"περιουσιακό στοιχείο κρυπτονομίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो एसेट",Hungarian:"kriptoeszköz",Japanese:"暗号資産",Polish:"Kryptoaktywa",Ukrainian:"криптоактив"}},"crypto bounties":{term:"crypto bounties",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Crypto bounties are an important rewards mechanism that blockchain projects utilize in order to secure the successful accomplishments of certain tasks required by the network. Initially, bounties were intended as a marketing tool to attract users to participate in performing validation services for blockchain projects. Today, crypto bounties have developed significantly beyond the purpose of a simple marketing tool. crypto bounties",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto bounties","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币赏金",French:"primes crypto",German:"Krypto-Belohnungen",Indonesian:"bounty kripto",Italian:"crypto bounty",Korean:"암호 현상금",Persian:"پاداش‌های رمزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"recompensas de criptomoedas",Russian:"крипто-баунти",Spanish:"criptoactivo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mga pabuya ng crypto",Thai:"รางวัลคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto bounty ödülleri",Vietnamese:"tiền thưởng tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"مكافآت التشفير","Traditional Chinese":"加密獎金",Dutch:"cryptobounty's",Greek:"επιβραβεύσεις κρυπτονoμίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो बाउन्टीज़",Hungarian:"kriptojutalmak",Japanese:"クリプトバウンティ",Polish:"Programy bounty",Ukrainian:"крипто-баунті"}},"crypto fund":{term:"crypto fund",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto fund is a type of investment fund that focuses on investing in cryptocurrencies or companies involved in the cryptocurrency industry. These funds are designed to give investors exposure to the crypto market without the need for them to directly buy and hold cryptocurrencies themselves.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"crypto fund","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币基金",French:"fonds crypto",German:"Krypto-Fond",Indonesian:"dana kripto",Italian:"crypto fund",Korean:"암호화폐 펀드",Persian:"صندوق رمزارزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptofundo",Russian:"криптофонд",Spanish:"","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pondo ng crypto",Thai:"กองทุนคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto fonu",Vietnamese:"quỹ tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"صندوق استثمار الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密基金",Dutch:"cryptofonds",Greek:"χρηματοδότηση κρυπτονομίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो फंड",Hungarian:"kripto alap",Japanese:"暗号資産ファンド",Polish:"Kryptowalutowy fundusz inwestycyjny",Ukrainian:"криптофонд"}},"crypto wallet":{term:"crypto wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto wallet is a device, physical medium, program or a service which stores the public and/or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions. Crypto wallets come in different forms, including software wallets, hardware wallets, and paper wallets.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto wallet","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币钱包",French:"portefeuille crypto",German:"Krypto-Wallet",Indonesian:"dompet kripto",Italian:"wallet crypto",Korean:"암호화폐 지갑",Persian:"کیف پول رمزارز","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira de criptomoedas",Russian:"криптокошелек",Spanish:"criptofondo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wallet ng crypto",Thai:"วอลเล็ตคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"محفظة العملات المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密錢包",Dutch:"cryptowallet",Greek:"πορτοφόλι κρυπτονομίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो वॉलेट",Hungarian:"kripto pénztárca",Japanese:"暗号資産ウォレット",Polish:"Portfel kryptowalutowy",Ukrainian:"криптогаманець"}},"crypto-":{term:"crypto-",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Even though this prefix is originally Greek, our current usage comes from cryptography. Technologies that are referred to with the blanket term of 'crypto' tech are underlain by cryptographic tools and processes (such as public/private key pairs) that enable innovative functionality and security. Of course, 'cryptocurrency' often gets shortened to simply 'crypto', so this emerging field is full of instances where something 'crypto' is being added to or shortened. With the emergence of the term 'Web3', arguably a distinction has begun to be made between 'crypto', referring to DeFi and other financial use cases of the technology, while 'Web3' refers to the transition of Internet-based activities to more decentralized practices and platforms.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"crypto-","Simplified Chinese":"加密-",French:"crypto-",German:"Krypto-",Indonesian:"kripto-",Italian:"crypto-",Korean:"암호화",Persian:"رمزارزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"cripto",Russian:"крипто",Spanish:"criptomonedero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"crypto-",Thai:"คริปโต",Turkish:"kripto-",Vietnamese:"tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"-مشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密-",Dutch:"crypto-",Greek:"κρυπτο-",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो-",Hungarian:"kripto-",Japanese:"クリプト-",Polish:"Krypto-",Ukrainian:"крипто-"}},"crypto-compliance":{term:"crypto-compliance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blanket term used to refer to ensuring crypto projects conform with applicable regulations and laws.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto-compliance","Simplified Chinese":"加密-合规",French:"compliance crypto",German:"Krypto-Compliance",Indonesian:"kepatuhan kripto",Italian:"crypto-compliance",Korean:"암호화폐 컴플라이언스",Persian:"انطباق رمزنگاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptocompliance",Russian:"крипто-комплаенс",Spanish:"criptoactivos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"crypto-compliance",Thai:"การปฏิบัติตามกฎระเบียบคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto uyumu",Vietnamese:"tuân thủ tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"امتثال الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密-合規",Dutch:"crypto-compliance",Greek:"κρυπτο-συμμόρφωση",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो-कंप्लायंस",Hungarian:"kripto-megfelelőség",Japanese:"クリプトコンプライアンス",Polish:"Crypto-compliance (zgodność z przepisami)",Ukrainian:"криптовідповідність"}},cryptoassets:{term:"cryptoassets",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A useful blanket term that covers on-chain assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"cryptoassets","Simplified Chinese":"加密资产",French:"cryptoactifs",German:"Krypto-Assets",Indonesian:"aset kripto",Italian:"cryptoasset",Korean:"암호 자산",Persian:"دارایی‌های رمزنگاری شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptoativos",Russian:"криптоактивы",Spanish:"criptocumplimiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"cryptoassets",Thai:"สินทรัพย์คริปโต",Turkish:"kripto varlıklar",Vietnamese:"tài sản tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密資產",Dutch:"cryptoassets",Greek:"κρυπτοπεριουσιακά στοιχεία",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोएसेट्स",Hungarian:"kriptoeszközök",Japanese:"暗号資産",Polish:"Kryptoaktywa",Ukrainian:"криптоактиви"}},cryptocurrency:{term:"cryptocurrency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Digital currency that is based on mathematics and uses encryption techniques to regulate the creation of units of currency as well as verifying the transfer of funds. Cryptocurrencies operate independently of a central bank, and are kept track of through distributed ledger technology.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cryptocurrency","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币",French:"cryptomonnaie",German:"Kryptowährung",Indonesian:"mata uang kripto",Italian:"criptovaluta",Korean:"암호화폐",Persian:"رمزارز","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptomoeda",Russian:"криптовалюта",Spanish:"criptomoneda","Filipino (Tagalog)":"cryptocurrency",Thai:"เงินคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto para",Vietnamese:"tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"عملة مشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密貨幣",Dutch:"cryptocurrency/cryptomunt",Greek:"κρυπτονόμισμα",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोकरेंसी",Hungarian:"kriptovaluta",Japanese:"仮想通貨",Polish:"Kryptowaluta",Ukrainian:"криптовалюта"}},cryptoeconomics:{term:"cryptoeconomics",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The economic analysis of decentralized finance; notably, the MIT Cryptoeconomics Lab.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cryptoeconomics","Simplified Chinese":"加密经济",French:"Cryptoéconomie",German:"Kryptoökonomie",Indonesian:"kriptonomik",Italian:"cryptoeconomics",Korean:"암호경제학",Persian:"اقتصاد رمزارز محور","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptoeconomia",Russian:"криптоэкономика",Spanish:"criptoeconomía","Filipino (Tagalog)":"cryptoeconomics",Thai:"เศรษฐกิจคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto ekonomi",Vietnamese:"kinh tế tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"اقتصاديات الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密經濟學",Dutch:"crypto-economie",Greek:"κρυπτοοικονομία",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोइकोनॉमिक्स",Hungarian:"kriptoökonómia",Japanese:"クリプトエコノミクス",Polish:"Kryptoekonomia",Ukrainian:"криптоекономіка"}},cryptography:{term:"cryptography",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In its broadest sense, cryptography is the art of 'hidden writing' -- using some sort of code to encrypt writing. In modern times, it often refers to the application of this concept within computing, communication, and data transfer through computers and computer networks. Cryptography has been protected as free speech in the United States, and provides the technological foundation that allows blockchain networks to be public: despite the ledger being open and accessible by all, control over the state of the ledger and the ability to move assets on it is mediated through cryptographic tools, such as the Secret Recovery Phrase.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cryptography","Simplified Chinese":"加密学",French:"cryptographie",German:"Kryptographie",Indonesian:"kriptografi",Italian:"crittografia",Korean:"암호화",Persian:"رمزنگاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptografia",Russian:"криптография",Spanish:"criptografía","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kriptograpiya",Thai:"วิทยาการเข้ารหัส",Turkish:"kriptografi",Vietnamese:"mật mã học",Arabic:"التشفير","Traditional Chinese":"密碼學",Dutch:"cryptografie",Greek:"Κρυπτογράφηση",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोग्राफी",Hungarian:"kriptográfia",Japanese:"暗号技術",Polish:"Kryptografia",Ukrainian:"криптографія"}},Curve:{term:"Curve",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Curve","Simplified Chinese":"Curve",French:"Curve",German:"Curve",Indonesian:"Curve",Italian:"Curve",Korean:"커브",Persian:"کِرو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Curve",Russian:"Curve",Spanish:"Curve","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Curve",Thai:"Curve",Turkish:"Curve",Vietnamese:"Curve",Arabic:"Curve","Traditional Chinese":"Curve",Dutch:"Curve",Greek:"Curve",Hindi:"Curve",Hungarian:"ív",Japanese:"Curve",Polish:"Curve",Ukrainian:"Curve"}},"custody (noun)":{term:"custody (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of cryptocurrencies, custody refers to the safekeeping and management of digital assets on behalf of a client by a third-party service provider. Custody services are an important aspect of the cryptocurrency industry because cryptocurrencies are digital assets that require secure storage and management to prevent loss, theft, or unauthorized access. Crypto custody services are typically offered by specialized companies that provide secure storage solutions for cryptocurrencies. These companies use various security measures such as multi-signature authentication, cold storage, and insurance to protect their clients' assets.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"custody (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"托管",French:"Dépôt (nom)",German:"Verwahrung",Indonesian:"penyimpanan (noun)",Italian:"custodia (noun)",Korean:"커스터디(명사)",Persian:"حضانت","Brazilian Portuguese":"custódia",Russian:"депозитарное хранение",Spanish:"custodia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kustodiya (pangngalan)",Thai:"การเก็บรักษา",Turkish:"saklayıcı kurum",Vietnamese:"dịch vụ lưu ký (danh từ)",Arabic:"الحفظ الآمن","Traditional Chinese":"託管",Dutch:"custody/bewaring/beheer",Greek:"επιμέλεια",Hindi:"कस्टडी (नाउन)",Hungarian:"tárolás",Japanese:"カストディ",Polish:"Usługi powiernicze",Ukrainian:"самостійне зберігання"}},"D'CENT":{term:"D'CENT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hardware wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"D'CENT","Simplified Chinese":"D'CENT",French:"D’CENT",German:"D'CENT",Indonesian:"D'CENT",Italian:"D'CENT",Korean:"디센트",Persian:"کیف پول D'CENT","Brazilian Portuguese":"D'CENT",Russian:"D'CENT",Spanish:"D'CENT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"D'CENT",Thai:"D'CENT",Turkish:"D'CENT",Vietnamese:"D'CENT",Arabic:"D'CENT","Traditional Chinese":"D'CENT",Dutch:"D'CENT",Greek:"D'CENT",Hindi:"D'CENT",Hungarian:"D'CENT",Japanese:"D'CENT",Polish:"D'CENT",Ukrainian:"D'CENT"}},DAI:{term:"DAI",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"DAI is an Ethereum-based stablecoin whose issuance and development is managed by the Maker Protocol and the MakerDAO decentralized autonomous organization.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"DAI","Simplified Chinese":"DAI",French:"DAI",German:"DAI",Indonesian:"DAI",Italian:"DAI",Korean:"DAI",Persian:"دای","Brazilian Portuguese":"DAI",Russian:"DAI",Spanish:"DAI","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DAI",Thai:"DAI",Turkish:"DAI",Vietnamese:"DAI",Arabic:"عملة DAI","Traditional Chinese":"DAI",Dutch:"DAI",Greek:"DAI",Hindi:"DAI",Hungarian:"DAI",Japanese:"DAI",Polish:"DAI",Ukrainian:"DAI"}},DAO:{term:"DAO",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Decentralized Autonomous Organization'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"DAO","Simplified Chinese":"DAO（去中心化自治组织）",French:"DAO",German:"DAO",Indonesian:"DAO",Italian:"DAO",Korean:"다오",Persian:"دائو","Brazilian Portuguese":"DAO",Russian:"ДАО",Spanish:"DAO","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DAO",Thai:"DAO",Turkish:"DAO",Vietnamese:"DAO",Arabic:"منظمة مستقلة لامركزية (DAO)","Traditional Chinese":"分散式自治組織",Dutch:"DAO",Greek:"DAO",Hindi:"DAO",Hungarian:"DAO",Japanese:"DAO",Polish:"DAO",Ukrainian:"DAO"}},dapp:{term:"dapp",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'decentralized application'",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"dapp","Simplified Chinese":"dapp（去中心化应用）",French:"dApp",German:"dApp",Indonesian:"dapp",Italian:"dapp",Korean:"디앱",Persian:"dapp","Brazilian Portuguese":"dapp",Russian:"dapp",Spanish:"dapp","Filipino (Tagalog)":"dapp",Thai:"ดีแอป",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz uygulama",Vietnamese:"dapp",Arabic:"تطبيق لامركزي (dapp)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化應用程式",Dutch:"dapp",Greek:"dapp (αποκεντρωμένη εφαρμογή)",Hindi:"dapp",Hungarian:"dapp",Japanese:"DApp",Polish:"DApp",Ukrainian:"децентралізований додаток"}},decentralization:{term:"decentralization",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The transfer of authority and responsibility from a centralized organization, government, or party to a distributed network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"decentralization","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化",French:"Décentralisation",German:"Dezentralisierung",Indonesian:"desentralisasi",Italian:"decentralizzazione",Korean:"탈중앙화",Persian:"تمرکززدایی","Brazilian Portuguese":"descentralização",Russian:"децентрализация",Spanish:"descentralización","Filipino (Tagalog)":"desentralisasyon",Thai:"กระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"yerinden yönetim",Vietnamese:"phi tập trung",Arabic:"اللامركزية","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化",Dutch:"decentralisatie",Greek:"αποκέντρωση",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज़ेशन",Hungarian:"decentralizálás",Japanese:"分散化",Polish:"Decentralizacja",Ukrainian:"децентралізація"}},"decentralized application":{term:"decentralized application",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An open-source software application with backend (not user-facing) code running on a decentralized peer-to-peer network, rather than a centralized server. You may see alternate spellings: dApps, DApps, Dapps, and Đapps.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized application","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化应用",French:"application décentralisée",German:"Dezentralisierte Anwendung",Indonesian:"aplikasi terdesentralisasi",Italian:"applicazione decentralizzata",Korean:"탈중앙화 애플리케이션",Persian:"برنامه غیرمتمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"aplicativo descentralizado",Russian:"децентрализованное приложение",Spanish:"aplicación descentralizada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"decentralized application",Thai:"แอปพลิเคชันกระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"merkezi olmayan uygulama",Vietnamese:"ứng dụng phi tập trung",Arabic:"تطبيق لامركزي","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化應用程式",Dutch:"decentrale app",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένη εφαρμογή",Hindi:"decentralized application",Hungarian:"decentralizált alkalmazás",Japanese:"分散型アプリケーション",Polish:"Zdecentralizowana aplikacja",Ukrainian:"децентралізований додаток"}},"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)":{term:"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A Digital Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO, pronounced like the Chinese concept) is a powerful and very flexible organizational structure built on a blockchain. Alternatively, the first known example of a DAO is referred to as The DAO. The DAO served as a form of investor-directed venture capital fund, which sought to provide enterprises with new decentralized business models. Ethereum-based, The DAO’s code was open source. The organization set the record for the most crowdfunded project in 2016. Those funds were partially stolen by hackers. The hack caused an Ethereum hard-fork which lead to the creation of Ethereum Classic.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化自治组织（DAO）",French:"Organisation autonome décentralisée",German:"Dezentralisierte autonome Organisation (DAO)",Indonesian:"Organisasi Otonom Terdesentralisasi (DAO)",Italian:"Organizzazione autonoma decentralizzata (DAO)",Korean:"탈중앙화 자율조직(DAO)",Persian:"سازمان خودگردان غیرمتمرکز (دائو)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Organização autônoma descentralizada (DAO)",Russian:"Децентрализованная автономная организация (ДАО)",Spanish:"organización autónoma descentralizada (DAO)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)",Thai:"องค์กรอัตโนมัติแบบกระจายศูนย์ (DAO)",Turkish:"Merkezi Olmayan Otonom Organizasyon (DAO)",Vietnamese:"Tổ chức tự trị phi tập trung (DAO)",Arabic:"منظمة مستقلة لامركزية (DAO)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化自治組織",Dutch:"decentrale autonome organisatie (DAO)",Greek:"Αποκεντρωμένος αυτόνομος οργανισμός (DAO)",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज्ड ऑटोनोमस ऑर्गेनाईज़ेशन (DAO)",Hungarian:"decentralizált autonóm szervezet (DAO)",Japanese:"分散型自律組織 (DAO)",Polish:"Zdecentralizowana autonomiczna organizacja (DAO)",Ukrainian:"Децентралізована автономна організація (DAO)"}},"decentralized exchange (DEX)":{term:"decentralized exchange (DEX)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A decentralized exchange (DEX) is a platform for exchanging cryptocurrencies based on functionality programmed on the blockchain (i.e., in smart contracts). The trading is peer-to-peer, or between pools of liquidity. This is in contrast with a centralized exchange, which is more akin to a bank or investment firm that specializes in cryptocurrencies. Additionally, there are so-called on-ramp providers, who could be compared to currency brokers, exchanging traditional “fiat” money for cryptocurrencies, and do not hold customer’s funds “on deposit” the way a centralized exchange does. There are important technical and regulatory differences between these, which are constantly evolving.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized exchange (DEX)","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化交易所（DEX）",French:"Échange décentralisé (DEX)",German:"Dezentralisierte Börse (DEX)",Indonesian:"bursa terdesentralisasi (DEX)",Italian:"exchange decentralizzato (DEX)",Korean:"탈중앙화 거래소(DEX)",Persian:"صرافی غیرمتمرکز (دکس)","Brazilian Portuguese":"corretora descentralizada (DEX)",Russian:"децентрализованная биржа (DEX)",Spanish:"intercambio descentralizado (DEX)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"decentralized exchange (DEX)",Thai:"ตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนแบบกระจายศูนย์ (DEX)",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz borsa (DEX)",Vietnamese:"sàn giao dịch phi tập trung (DEX)",Arabic:"بورصة لامركزية (DEX)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化交易所",Dutch:"decentrale exchange (DEX)",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένη ανταλλαγή (DEX)",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज्ड एक्सचेंज (DEX)",Hungarian:"decentralizált tőzsde (DEX)",Japanese:"分散型取引所 (DEX)",Polish:"Giełda zdecentralizowana (DEX)",Ukrainian:"децентралізована біржа (DEX)"}},"decentralized finance":{term:"decentralized finance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"If cryptocurrency is web3’s monetary system, its financial system is DeFi. This includes familiar concepts like loans and interest-bearing financial instruments, as well as so-called “DeFi primitives”, novel solutions like token swapping and liquidity pools.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized finance","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化金融",French:"finance décentralisée",German:"Dezentralisierte Finanzen",Indonesian:"keuangan terdesentralisasi",Italian:"finanza decentralizzata",Korean:"탈중앙화 금융",Persian:"امور مالی غیرمتمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"finanças descentralizadas",Russian:"децентрализованные финансы",Spanish:"finanzas descentralizadas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"decentralized finance",Thai:"การเงินกระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz finans",Vietnamese:"tài chính phi tập trung",Arabic:"التمويل اللامركزي","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化金融",Dutch:"decentralized finance/DeFi",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένη χρηματοοικονομική",Hindi:"decentralized finance",Hungarian:"decentralizált finanszírozás",Japanese:"分散型金融",Polish:"DeFi (zdecentralizowane finanse)",Ukrainian:"децентралізовані фінанси"}},"decentralized web":{term:"decentralized web",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The decentralized web, also known as web3, is a concept that refers to a new type of internet architecture that aims to provide a more open, secure, and privacy-preserving internet experience by removing the need for centralized intermediaries and giving users more control over their data. In contrast to the current centralized web, where most online activities are controlled by a few large corporations and their servers, the decentralized web relies on a network of distributed nodes and peer-to-peer protocols to store and transmit data. This means that there is no central authority controlling the internet, and users can interact directly with each other without the need for intermediaries.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized web","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化网络",French:"web décentralisé",German:"Dezentralisiertes Web",Indonesian:"web terdesentralisasi",Italian:"web decentralizzato",Korean:"탈중앙화 웹",Persian:"وب غیرمتمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"web descentralizada",Russian:"децентрализованная сеть",Spanish:"web descentralizada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"desentralisadong web",Thai:"เว็บกระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz web",Vietnamese:"trang web phi tập trung",Arabic:"الويب اللامركزي","Traditional Chinese":"Web3去中心化的虛擬生態系",Dutch:"decentraal web",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένος ιστός",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज्ड वेब",Hungarian:"decentralizált web",Japanese:"分散型 Web",Polish:"Zdecentralizowana sieć Web",Ukrainian:"децентралізована мережа"}},deposit:{term:"deposit",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In most web3 contexts, 'depositing' refers to the act of transferring some amount of token(s) to an address other than one's own, most often to a smart contract controlled by a 'protocol', such as a decentralized exchange, video game or multiverse, DAO, etc. Generally, the user will receive something in return for their deposit, and the deposit can be claimed at the user's discretion, or upon completion of given conditions. Compare with 'stake'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"deposit","Simplified Chinese":"保证金",French:"dépôt",German:"Einzahlung",Indonesian:"deposit",Italian:"deposito",Korean:"예치",Persian:"واریز","Brazilian Portuguese":"depositar",Russian:"депозит",Spanish:"","Filipino (Tagalog)":"deposito",Thai:"ฝาก",Turkish:"para yatırma",Vietnamese:"gửi tiền",Arabic:"الإيداع","Traditional Chinese":"充值",Dutch:"storten",Greek:"κατάθεση",Hindi:"डिपॉज़िट",Hungarian:"letét",Japanese:"デポジット",Polish:"Depozyt",Ukrainian:"депозит"}},"derive / derivation":{term:"derive / derivation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"To derive something is to obtain it from an original source. In the context of crypto-technology, we often discuss 'deriving' wallets and accounts from seed phrases (aka Secret Recovery Phrases, or SRPs). This is literally true: the SRP represents a cryptographic key which is used to derive account addresses deterministically, meaning they will be derived the same way each time. Another, more technical, way of referring to this technology is to refer to 'hierarchical deterministic' wallets.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"derive / derivation","Simplified Chinese":"派生",French:"dériver / dérivation",German:"Ableiten / Ableitung",Indonesian:"berasal / turunan",Italian:"deriva / derivazione",Korean:"파생 / 파생",Persian:"مشتق شدن/اشتقاق","Brazilian Portuguese":"derivar / derivação",Russian:"сделать вывод / вывод/извлекать/выводить/производное от",Spanish:"derivar / derivación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nagmula / pinagmulan",Thai:"ได้มาจาก / อนุพัทธ์",Turkish:"türev / türetme",Vietnamese:"phái sinh/phái sinh",Arabic:"يشتقّ / اشتقاق","Traditional Chinese":"金融衍生品",Dutch:"afleiden/afleiding",Greek:"παραγωγή / προέλευση",Hindi:"डीराइव / डेरिवेशन",Hungarian:"származtatni/származtatás",Japanese:"導き出す / 導出",Polish:"Uzyskiwanie",Ukrainian:"Вивести/деривація"}},dev:{term:"dev",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Abbreviation of developer.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"dev","Simplified Chinese":"开发者",French:"dev.",German:"Entwickler",Indonesian:"dev",Italian:"dev",Korean:"개발자",Persian:"توسعه دهنده","Brazilian Portuguese":"dev",Russian:"разраб/дев",Spanish:"desarrollador","Filipino (Tagalog)":"dev",Thai:"นักพัฒนา",Turkish:"geliştirici",Vietnamese:"nhà lập trình",Arabic:"مُطورّ","Traditional Chinese":"開發者",Dutch:"ontwikkelaar",Greek:"Προγραμματιστής",Hindi:"dev",Hungarian:"dev",Japanese:"Dev",Polish:"Dev",Ukrainian:"розробник"}},Devcon:{term:"Devcon",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"This is shorthand for the Ethereum Developers’ Conference.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Devcon","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 开发者会议",French:"DevCon",German:"Devcon",Indonesian:"Devcon",Italian:"Devcon",Korean:"Ethereum 개발 컨퍼런스",Persian:"کنفرانس توسعه‌دهندگان اتریوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Devcon",Russian:"Конференция разработчиков",Spanish:"Devcon","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Devcon",Thai:"Devcon",Turkish:"Devcon",Vietnamese:"Devcon",Arabic:"Devcon","Traditional Chinese":"Devcon 區塊鏈媒體",Dutch:"Devcon",Greek:"Devcon",Hindi:"Devcon",Hungarian:"Devcon",Japanese:"Devcon",Polish:"Devcon",Ukrainian:"Devcon"}},Developer:{term:"Developer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A person that creates new products, especially computer products such as software.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Developer","Simplified Chinese":"开发者",French:"Développeur",German:"Entwickler",Indonesian:"Pengembang",Italian:"Sviluppatore",Korean:"개발자",Persian:"توسعه دهنده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Desenvolvedor",Russian:"Разработчик",Spanish:"desarrollador","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Developer",Thai:"นักพัฒนา",Turkish:"Geliştirici",Vietnamese:"Nhà lập trình",Arabic:"مُطورّ","Traditional Chinese":"開發者",Dutch:"ontwikkelaar",Greek:"Προγραμματιστής",Hindi:"Developer",Hungarian:"fejlesztő",Japanese:"開発者",Polish:"Twórca oprogramowania",Ukrainian:"Розробник"}},DEX:{term:"DEX",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'decentralized exchange'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"DEX","Simplified Chinese":"DEX（去中心化交易所）",French:"DEX",German:"DEX",Indonesian:"DEX",Italian:"DEX",Korean:"DEX",Persian:"دکس","Brazilian Portuguese":"DEX",Russian:"DEX",Spanish:"DEX","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DEX",Thai:"DEX",Turkish:"DEX",Vietnamese:"DEX",Arabic:"بورصة لامركزية (DEX)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化交易所",Dutch:"DEX",Greek:"DEX (αποκεντρωμένη ανταλλαγή)",Hindi:"DEX",Hungarian:"DEX",Japanese:"DEX",Polish:"DEX",Ukrainian:"DEX"}},difficulty:{term:"difficulty",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The concept outlining how hard it is to verify blocks in a blockchain network during Proof of Work mining. In the Bitcoin network, the difficulty of mining adjusts every 2016 blocks. This is to keep block verification time at ten minutes.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"difficulty","Simplified Chinese":"难度",French:"difficulté",German:"Schwierigkeit",Indonesian:"kesulitan",Italian:"difficoltà",Korean:"난이도",Persian:"سختی","Brazilian Portuguese":"dificuldade",Russian:"сложность",Spanish:"dificultad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kahirapan",Thai:"ความยากในการขุด",Turkish:"zorluk",Vietnamese:"độ khó",Arabic:"صعوبة التعدين","Traditional Chinese":"難度值",Dutch:"difficulty/moeilijkheid",Greek:"δυσκολία",Hindi:"डिफीकल्टी",Hungarian:"nehézség",Japanese:"採掘難易度",Polish:"Trudność",Ukrainian:"складність"}},"difficulty bomb":{term:"difficulty bomb",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The difficulty bomb, along with the Beacon Chain and others, was a key element of Ethereum's upgrade to Ethereum 2.0 and a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. As the name indicates, the difficulty bomb was a software mechanism that increased block verification difficulty, making it more expensive and difficult--eventually, prohibitively so--to mine a new block. Through economic incentive, and later, the raw limitations of computing power, this forced the shift to PoS consensus. See also 'Proof of Stake', 'the Merge'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"difficulty bomb","Simplified Chinese":"难度炸弹",French:"bombe de difficulté",German:"Schwierigkeitsbombe",Indonesian:"difficulty bomb",Italian:"difficulty bomb",Korean:"난이도 폭탄",Persian:"بمب سختی","Brazilian Portuguese":"bomba de dificuldade",Russian:"бомба сложности",Spanish:"bomba de dificultad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bomba ng kahirapan",Thai:"ปรับความยากจนขุดไม่ได้",Turkish:"zorluk bombası",Vietnamese:"bom độ khó",Arabic:"انفجار الصعوبة","Traditional Chinese":"難度炸彈",Dutch:"difficulty bomb",Greek:"βόμβα δυσκολίας",Hindi:"डिफीकल्टी बॉम्ब",Hungarian:"nehézségi bomba",Japanese:"ディフィカルティボム",Polish:"Bomba trudności",Ukrainian:"бомба складності"}},"digital asset":{term:"digital asset",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A digital commodity that is scarce, electronically transferable, and intangible with a market value.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"digital asset","Simplified Chinese":"数字资产",French:"Actif numérique",German:"Digitales Asset",Indonesian:"aset digital",Italian:"asset digitale",Korean:"디지털 자산",Persian:"دارایی دیجیتال","Brazilian Portuguese":"ativo digital",Russian:"цифровой актив",Spanish:"activo digital","Filipino (Tagalog)":"digital na asset",Thai:"สินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล",Turkish:"dijital varlık",Vietnamese:"tài sản kỹ thuật số",Arabic:"أصل رقمي","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈數字資產",Dutch:"digitale asset",Greek:"ψηφιακά διαθέσιμα στοιχεία",Hindi:"डिजिटल एसेट",Hungarian:"digitális eszköz",Japanese:"デジタル資産",Polish:"Aktywa cyfrowe",Ukrainian:"цифровий актив"}},"digital identity":{term:"digital identity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An online or networked identity adopted by an individual, organization, or electronic device.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"digital identity","Simplified Chinese":"数字身份",French:"identité numérique",German:"Digitale Identität",Indonesian:"identitas digital",Italian:"identità digitale",Korean:"디지털 신원",Persian:"هویت دیجیتال","Brazilian Portuguese":"identidade digital",Russian:"цифровая личность/цифровая идентификация/цифровой профиль",Spanish:"identidad digital","Filipino (Tagalog)":"digital na pagkakakilanlan",Thai:"อัตลักษณ์ดิจิทัล",Turkish:"dijital kimlik",Vietnamese:"nhận dạng kỹ thuật số",Arabic:"هوية رقمية","Traditional Chinese":"數位身份",Dutch:"digitale identiteit",Greek:"ηλεκτρονική ταυτότητα",Hindi:"डिजिटल आइडेंटिटी",Hungarian:"digitális identitás",Japanese:"デジタルアイデンティティ",Polish:"Tożsamość cyfrowa",Ukrainian:"цифрова ідентичність"}},"Digital signature":{term:"Digital signature",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A short string of data a user produces for a document using a private key such that anyone with the corresponding public key, the signature, and the document can verify that (1) the document was 'signed' by the owner of that particular private key, and (2) the document was not changed after it was signed.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Digital signature","Simplified Chinese":"电子签名",French:"Signature numérique",German:"Digitale Signatur",Indonesian:"Tanda tangan digital",Italian:"Firma digitale",Korean:"전자 서명",Persian:"امضای دیجیتال","Brazilian Portuguese":"Assinatura digital",Russian:"Цифровая подпись",Spanish:"firma digital","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Digital na lagda",Thai:"ลายเซ็นดิจิทัล",Turkish:"Dijital imza",Vietnamese:"Chữ ký số",Arabic:"توقيع رقمي","Traditional Chinese":"數位簽章",Dutch:"digitale handtekening",Greek:"Ηλεκτρονική υπογραφή",Hindi:"डिजिटल सिग्नेचर",Hungarian:"digitális aláírás",Japanese:"デジタル署名",Polish:"Podpis cyfrowy",Ukrainian:"Цифровий підпис"}},"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack":{term:"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A type of cyber-attack in which the perpetrator continuously overwhelms the system with requests in order to prevent service of legitimate requests.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack","Simplified Chinese":"分布式拒绝服务攻击（DDoS）",French:"Attaque par déni de service (DDoS)",German:"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Angriff",Indonesian:"Serangan Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)",Italian:"Attacco Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)",Korean:"분산 서비스 거부(DDoS) 공격",Persian:"حمله محروم‌سازی از سرویس (دیداس)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ataque de negação de serviço distribuído (DDoS)",Russian:"Распределенная атака типа «отказ в обслуживании» (DDoS)",Spanish:"ataque distribuido de denegación de servicio (DDoS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) na Pag-atake",Thai:"การโจมตีแบบปฏิเสธการให้บริการแบบกระจาย (DDoS)",Turkish:"Dağıtık Hizmet Reddi (DDoS) Saldırısı",Vietnamese:"Tấn công từ chối dịch vụ phân tán (DDoS)",Arabic:"الهجمات الموزعة لحجب الخدمة (DDoS)","Traditional Chinese":"分散式阻斷服務攻擊",Dutch:"DDOS-aanval (distributed denial of service)",Greek:"Eπίθεση άρνησης εξυπηρέτησης (DDoS)",Hindi:"डिस्ट्रीब्यूटेड डिनायल ऑफ सर्विस (DDoS) अटैक",Hungarian:"elosztott szolgáltatásmegtagadási (DDoS) támadás",Japanese:"分散型サービス拒否 (DDoS) 攻撃",Polish:"Atak DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)",Ukrainian:"Розподілена атака типу «відмова в обслуговуванні» (DDoS)"}},"distributed ledger":{term:"distributed ledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ledger. Distributed ledger data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to public blockchain technology, as 'crypto' has come to mean 'cryptocurrency', 'web3' is the collective community, and 'blockchain', after all, is 'just' the data structure used to sync the distributed ledger itself.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"distributed ledger","Simplified Chinese":"分布式账本",French:"registre distribué",German:"Distributed Ledger",Indonesian:"ledger terdistribusi",Italian:"registro distribuito",Korean:"분산 원장",Persian:"دفترکل توزیع‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"registro distribuído",Russian:"распределенный реестр",Spanish:"registro distribuido","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ipinamahaging ledger",Thai:"การจดบัญชีแบบกระจาย",Turkish:"dağıtılmış defter",Vietnamese:"sổ cái phân tán",Arabic:"السجل الموزع","Traditional Chinese":"分布式分類帳",Dutch:"distributed ledger",Greek:"Κατανεμημένο Καθολικό",Hindi:"डिस्ट्रिब्यूटेड लेजर (ledger)",Hungarian:"elosztott főkönyv",Japanese:"分散型台帳",Polish:"Rejestr rozproszony",Ukrainian:"розподілений реєстр"}},"Distributed Ledger Technology":{term:"Distributed Ledger Technology",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ledger. Distributed ledger data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to public blockchain technology, as ‘crypto’ has come to mean ‘cryptocurrency’, ‘web3’ is the collective community, and ‘blockchain’, after all, is “just” the data structure used to sync the distributed ledger itself.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Distributed Ledger Technology","Simplified Chinese":"分布式账本技术",French:"Technologie de registre distribué",German:"Distributed-Ledger-Technologie",Indonesian:"Teknologi Ledger Terdistribusi",Italian:"Distributed Ledger Technology",Korean:"분산 원장 기술",Persian:"فناوری دفترکل توزیع‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Tecnologia de registro distribuído",Russian:"Технология распределенного реестра",Spanish:"tecnología de registro distribuido","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Distributed Ledger Technology",Thai:"เทคโนโลยีการจดบัญชีแบบกระจาย",Turkish:"Dağıtılmış Defter Teknolojisi",Vietnamese:"Công nghệ sổ cái phân tán",Arabic:"تقنية دفتر الأستاذ الموزع","Traditional Chinese":"分散式帳本技術",Dutch:"distributed ledger technology",Greek:"DLT (Τεχνολογία Κατανεμημένου Καθολικού)",Hindi:"Distributed Ledger Technology",Hungarian:"elosztott főkönyvi technológia (DLT)",Japanese:"分散型台帳技術",Polish:"Technologia rozproszonego rejestru",Ukrainian:"Технологія розподіленого реєстру"}},DLT:{term:"DLT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'distributed ledger technology'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"DLT","Simplified Chinese":"DLT（分布式账本技术）",French:"DLT",German:"DLT",Indonesian:"DLT",Italian:"DLT",Korean:"DLT",Persian:"فناوری دفترکل توزیع‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"DLT",Russian:"DLT",Spanish:"DLT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DLT",Thai:"DLT",Turkish:"DLT",Vietnamese:"DLT",Arabic:"تقنية دفتر الأستاذ الموزع (DLT)","Traditional Chinese":"分散式帳本技術",Dutch:"DLT",Greek:"DLT (Τεχνολογία Κατανεμημένου Καθολικού)",Hindi:"DLT",Hungarian:"DLT",Japanese:"DLT",Polish:"DLT",Ukrainian:"DLT"}},"double spend":{term:"double spend",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The 'double spend' is the benchmark security concern of blockchain networks: how do we ensure that someone doesn't send the same transaction to two different entities, essentially 'spending their money twice'? This is the cornerstone of the consensus mechanism, ensuring that all nodes of the network are 'in agreement' about which assets are allocated to which addresses, on an ongoing basis, to prevent malicious actions such as a double spend.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"double spend","Simplified Chinese":"双重支付",French:"Double dépense",German:"Doppelte Ausgaben",Indonesian:"penggunaan ganda",Italian:"doppia spesa",Korean:"이중 지불",Persian:"دوبار خرج‌کردن","Brazilian Portuguese":"gasto duplo",Russian:"двойное расходование",Spanish:"doble gasto","Filipino (Tagalog)":"dobleng paggasta",Thai:"จ่ายซ้ำ",Turkish:"çift harcama",Vietnamese:"chi tiêu kép",Arabic:"إنفاق مزدوج","Traditional Chinese":"雙重支付",Dutch:"double-spending",Greek:"double spend",Hindi:"डबल स्पेंड",Hungarian:"dupla költés",Japanese:"二重支払い",Polish:"Podwójne wydatkowanie",Ukrainian:"подвійна трата"}},ecosystem:{term:"ecosystem",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'web3 ecosystem'; 'blockchain ecosystem'. See 'web3'; See 'blockchain'",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ecosystem","Simplified Chinese":"生态系统",French:"écosystème",German:"Ökosystem",Indonesian:"ekosistem",Italian:"ecosistema",Korean:"생태계",Persian:"اکوسیستم","Brazilian Portuguese":"ecossistema",Russian:"экосистема",Spanish:"ecosistema","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ekosistema",Thai:"ระบบนิเวศ",Turkish:"ekosistem",Vietnamese:"hệ sinh thái",Arabic:"النظام البيئي","Traditional Chinese":"生態圈",Dutch:"ecosysteem",Greek:"οικοσύστημα",Hindi:"इकोसिस्टम",Hungarian:"ökoszisztéma",Japanese:"エコシステム",Polish:"Ekosystem",Ukrainian:"екосистема"}},Edge:{term:"Edge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'Edge computing': it is an emerging computing paradigm which refers to a range of networks and devices at or near the user. Edge is about processing data closer to where it's being generated, enabling processing at greater speeds and volumes, leading to greater action-led results in real time. The term can also refer to Microsoft's browser or the crypto software wallet",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Edge","Simplified Chinese":"Edge",French:"Edge",German:"Edge",Indonesian:"Edge",Italian:"Edge",Korean:"Edge",Persian:"مرزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Edge",Russian:"Граничный (Edge, if browser)",Spanish:"Edge","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Edge",Thai:"Edge",Turkish:"Edge",Vietnamese:"Edge",Arabic:"الطرفية","Traditional Chinese":"Edge",Dutch:"edge/Edge",Greek:"Edge",Hindi:"Edge",Hungarian:"él",Japanese:"エッジ / Edge",Polish:"Edge",Ukrainian:"Edge"}},"EIP-1559":{term:"EIP-1559",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal) The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the Ethereum network functions as a whole. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, EIP-1559. EIP-1559 will change Ethereum’s fee market mechanism. Fundamentally, EIP-1559 gets rid of the first-price auction as the main gas fee calculation. In first-price auctions, people bid a set amount of money to pay for their transaction to be processed, and the highest bidder wins. With EIP-1559, there will be a discrete “base fee” for transactions to be included in the next block. For users or applications that want to prioritize their transaction, they can add a “tip,” which is called a “priority fee” to pay a miner for faster inclusion.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"EIP-1559","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 改进提议（EIP）-1559",French:"EIP-1559",German:"EIP-1559",Indonesian:"EIP-1559",Italian:"EIP-1559",Korean:"EIP-1559",Persian:"EIP-1559","Brazilian Portuguese":"EIP-1559",Russian:"EIP-1559",Spanish:"EIP-1559","Filipino (Tagalog)":"EIP-1559",Thai:"EIP-1559",Turkish:"EIP-1559",Vietnamese:"EIP-1559",Arabic:"EIP-1559","Traditional Chinese":"EIP-1559",Dutch:"EIP-1559",Greek:"EIP-1559",Hindi:"EIP-1559",Hungarian:"EIP-1559",Japanese:"EIP-1559",Polish:"EIP-1559",Ukrainian:"EIP-1559"}},"encrypted vs unencrypted keys":{term:"encrypted vs unencrypted keys",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As discussed elsewhere, public and private cryptographic key pairs are one of the technologies that underpins cryptocurrencies and 'crypto' tech in general. In MetaMask, an unencrypted private key is 64 characters long, and it is used to unlock or restore wallets. An encrypted key is also 64 letters long and is a regular private key that has gone through the process of encryption. Usually, encrypted private keys are kept within the extension or device they are encrypted by, and they remain out of sight from the user. This is meant to add another layer of security to keep a user’s wallet information safe. By way of example: if the world ‘Apple’ was your private key, then it was encrypted three letters down the alphabet, your new encrypted key would be ‘Dssoh’. Since you know the way to encrypt this key, you could derive the original private key from it by reversing the method of encryption.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"encrypted vs unencrypted keys","Simplified Chinese":"加密秘钥与未加密密钥",French:"clés chiffrées ou clés déchiffrées",German:"Verschlüsselte vs. unverschlüsselte Schlüssel",Indonesian:"kunci terenkripsi vs tidak terenkripsi",Italian:"chiavi crittografate vs non crittografate",Korean:"암호화된 키와 암호화되지 않은 키",Persian:"کلیدهای رمزگذاری شده در مقابل کلیدهای رمزگذاری نشده","Brazilian Portuguese":"chaves criptografadas vs não criptografadas",Russian:"зашифрованные и незашифрованные ключи",Spanish:"claves cifradas vs no cifradas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"naka-encrypt kumpara sa mga hindi naka-encrypt na key",Thai:"คีย์เข้ารหัส / คีย์ไม่เข้ารหัส",Turkish:"şifrelenmiş ve şifrelenmemiş anahtarlar",Vietnamese:"khóa được mã hóa và khoá không được mã hóa",Arabic:"المفاتيح المشفرة مقابل غير المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密金鑰 VS 未加密金鑰",Dutch:"sleutels met of zonder encryptie",Greek:"κρυπτογραφημένα έναντι μη κρυπτογραφημένων κλειδιών",Hindi:"एन्क्रिप्टेड बनाम अनएन्क्रिप्टेड कीज़ (keys)",Hungarian:"titkosított vs. titkosítatlan kulcsok",Japanese:"暗号化鍵 vs 非暗号化鍵",Polish:"Klucze zaszyfrowane i niezaszyfrowane",Ukrainian:"зашифровані проти незашифрованих ключів"}},encryption:{term:"encryption",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Encrpytion, literally 'in a hidden place', is the art and science of encoding information to control who can read it, or how it is to be read. Encryption occurs in natural (human) languages, as well as in machine and computer languages. Highly complex, and therefore difficult to decipher, encryption is an essential element enabling blockchain networks to be simultaneously public and secure.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"encryption","Simplified Chinese":"加密",French:"Chiffrement",German:"Verschlüsselung",Indonesian:"enkripsi",Italian:"Crittografia",Korean:"암호화",Persian:"رمزگذاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptografia",Russian:"шифрование",Spanish:"cifrado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pag-encrypt",Thai:"การเข้ารหัส",Turkish:"şifreleme",Vietnamese:"mã hóa",Arabic:"التشفير","Traditional Chinese":"加密",Dutch:"encryptie/versleuteling",Greek:"κρυπτογράφηση",Hindi:"एन्क्रिप्शन",Hungarian:"titkosítás",Japanese:"暗号化",Polish:"Szyfrowanie",Ukrainian:"шифрування"}},ENS:{term:"ENS",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Ethereum Name Service is a protocol, managed by a DAO, which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to Ethereum addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet's DNS.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ENS","Simplified Chinese":"ENS（Ethereum 域名服务）",French:"ENS (service de nomination Ethereum)",German:"ENS",Indonesian:"ENS",Italian:"ENS",Korean:"ENS",Persian:"ENS","Brazilian Portuguese":"ENS",Russian:"ENS",Spanish:"ENS","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ENS",Thai:"ENS",Turkish:"ENS",Vietnamese:"ENS",Arabic:"بروتوكول ENS","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊域名服務",Dutch:"ENS",Greek:"ENS",Hindi:"ENS",Hungarian:"ENS",Japanese:"ENS",Polish:"ENS",Ukrainian:"ENS"}},"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)":{term:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A group of Ethereum core developers, startups, and large companies working together to commercialize and use Ethereum for different business applications. Website here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)","Simplified Chinese":"企业 Ethereum 联盟（EEA）",French:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",German:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Indonesian:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Italian:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Korean:"엔터프라이즈 Ethereum 얼라이언스(EEA)",Persian:"‏اتحاد سازمانی اتریوم (EEA)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Russian:"Альянс разработчиков Ethereum (EEA)",Spanish:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Thai:"กลุ่มพันธมิตร Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Turkish:"Kurumsal Ethereum İttifakı (EEA)",Vietnamese:"Liên minh Doanh nghiệp Ethereum (EEA)",Arabic:"تحالف Ethereum للمؤسسات (EEA)","Traditional Chinese":"企業以太坊聯盟",Dutch:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Greek:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Hindi:"एंटरप्राइज़ एथेरियम एलायंस (EEA)",Hungarian:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Japanese:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Polish:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Ukrainian:"Альянс корпоративного ефіру (EEA)"}},entropy:{term:"entropy",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of cryptography, 'entropy' refers to 'randomness'; generally, the more random something is (the more entropy it has), the more secure it is.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"entropy","Simplified Chinese":"熵",French:"entropie",German:"Entropie",Indonesian:"entropi",Italian:"entropia",Korean:"엔트로피",Persian:"بی‌نظمی","Brazilian Portuguese":"entropia",Russian:"энтропия",Spanish:"entropía","Filipino (Tagalog)":"entropy",Thai:"เอนโทรปี",Turkish:"entropi",Vietnamese:"độ hỗn loạn",Arabic:"إنتروبيا","Traditional Chinese":"熵",Dutch:"entropie",Greek:"εντροπία",Hindi:"एन्ट्रॉपी",Hungarian:"entrópia",Japanese:"エントロピー",Polish:"Entropia",Ukrainian:"ентропія"}},epoch:{term:"epoch",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An epoch, in general, is a measure of time, or of blockchain progression, on a given blockchain. In Ethereum Proof of Stake, an epoch consists of 32 slots, each lasting 12 seconds, for a total of 6.4 minutes per epoch. There is additional functionality built upon the epoch measure in the Beacon Chain to help ensure security and proper operation of the Chain.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"epoch","Simplified Chinese":"时段",French:"epoch",German:"Epoche",Indonesian:"epok",Italian:"epoch",Korean:"에폭",Persian:"دوره زمانی/ایپاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"época",Russian:"эпоха",Spanish:"época","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kapanahunan",Thai:"อีพอกช์",Turkish:"epoch",Vietnamese:"epoch",Arabic:"حقبة","Traditional Chinese":"時期",Dutch:"epoch",Greek:"χρονική σήμανση",Hindi:"एपोच (epoch)",Hungarian:"korszak",Japanese:"エポック",Polish:"Epoka",Ukrainian:"епоха"}},ERC:{term:"ERC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ethereum Request for Comment, or ERC, is a bit of a misnomer, as it is used to refer to suggestions for modifications that have already made it through the Ethereum Improvement Protocol (EIP) process and have been made standard on Ethereum. An ERC is, essentially, a set of standards for a given operation or topic on the Ethereum network. The authoritative list can be found here.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"ERC","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）",French:"ERC",German:"ERC",Indonesian:"ERC",Italian:"ERC",Korean:"ERC",Persian:"ERC","Brazilian Portuguese":"ERC",Russian:"ERC",Spanish:"ERC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ERC",Thai:"ERC",Turkish:"ERC",Vietnamese:"ERC",Arabic:"معيار ERC","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊提案請求",Dutch:"ERC",Greek:"ERC",Hindi:"ERC",Hungarian:"ERC",Japanese:"ERC",Polish:"ERC",Ukrainian:"ERC"}},"ERC-1155":{term:"ERC-1155",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token standard for creating semi-fungible tokens, meaning you can launch both fungible and non-fungible tokens within a single smart contract.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-1155","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-1155",French:"ERC-1155",German:"ERC-1155",Indonesian:"ERC-1155",Italian:"ERC-1155",Korean:"ERC-1155",Persian:"ERC-1155","Brazilian Portuguese":"ERC-1155",Russian:"ERC-1155",Spanish:"ERC-1155","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ERC-1155",Thai:"ERC-1155",Turkish:"ERC-1155",Vietnamese:"ERC-1155",Arabic:"ERC-1155","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-1155",Dutch:"ERC-1155",Greek:"ERC-1155",Hindi:"ERC-1155",Hungarian:"ERC-1155",Japanese:"ERC-1155",Polish:"ERC-1155",Ukrainian:"ERC-1155"}},"ERC-20 Token Standard":{term:"ERC-20 Token Standard",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ERC is the abbreviation for Ethereum Request for Comment and is followed by the assignment number of the standard. ERC-20 is a technical standard for smart contracts which is used to issue the majority of tokens (in particular, cryptocurrency tokens) extant on Ethereum. This list of rules states the requirements that a token must fulfill to be compliant and function within the Ethereum network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-20 Token Standard","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-20 代币标准",French:"Norme de jeton ERC-20",German:"ERC-20 Token-Standard",Indonesian:"Token Standar ERC-20",Italian:"Standard ERC-20",Korean:"ERC-20 토큰 표준",Persian:"استاندارد توکن ERC-20","Brazilian Portuguese":"Padrão de token ERC-20",Russian:"Стандарт токенов ERC-20",Spanish:"token estándar ERC-20","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamantayan ng Token ng ERC-20",Thai:"มาตรฐานโทเค็น ERC-20",Turkish:"ERC-20 Token Standardı",Vietnamese:"Tiêu chuẩn Token ERC-20",Arabic:"معيار توكِنّ ERC-20","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-20 代幣標準",Dutch:"ERC-20 Token Standard",Greek:"ERC-20 Τυπικό Συμβολικό Νόμισμα",Hindi:"ERC-20 Token Standard",Hungarian:"ERC-20 token szabvány",Japanese:"ERC-20 トークン規格",Polish:"Standard tokena ERC-20",Ukrainian:"Стандарт токенів ERC-20"}},"ERC-721":{term:"ERC-721",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ERC-721 Token Standard Another standard for Ethereum smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a non-fungible token: this is the standard that created what we all now know as an NFT. This token standard is used to represent a unique digital asset that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ERC-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-721","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-721",French:"ERC-721",German:"ERC-721",Indonesian:"ERC-721",Italian:"ERC-721",Korean:"ERC-721",Persian:"ERC-721","Brazilian Portuguese":"ERC-721",Russian:"ERC-721",Spanish:"ERC-721","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ERC-721",Thai:"ERC-721",Turkish:"ERC-721",Vietnamese:"ERC-721",Arabic:"ERC-721","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-721",Dutch:"ERC-721",Greek:"ERC-721",Hindi:"ERC-721",Hungarian:"ERC-721",Japanese:"ERC-721",Polish:"ERC-721",Ukrainian:"ERC-721"}},"ERC-721 Token Standard":{term:"ERC-721 Token Standard",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ERC-721 Token Standard A standard for Ethereum smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a non-fungible token: this is the standard that created what we all now know as an NFT. This token standard is used to represent a unique digital asset that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ERC-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-721 Token Standard","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-721 代币标准",French:"Norme de jeton ERC-721",German:"ERC-721 Token-Standard",Indonesian:"Token Standar ERC-721",Italian:"Standard ERC-721",Korean:"ERC-721 토큰 표준",Persian:"استاندارد توکن ERC-721","Brazilian Portuguese":"Padrão de token ERC-721",Russian:"Стандарт токенов ERC-721",Spanish:"token estándar ERC-721","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamantayan ng Token ng ERC-21",Thai:"มาตรฐานโทเค็น ERC-721",Turkish:"ERC-721 Token Standardı",Vietnamese:"Tiêu chuẩn Token ERC-721",Arabic:"معيار توكِنّ ERC-721","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-721 代幣標準",Dutch:"ERC-721 Token Standard",Greek:"ERC-721 Τυπικό Συμβολικό Νόμισμα",Hindi:"ERC-721 Token Standard",Hungarian:"ERC-721 token szabvány",Japanese:"ERC-721 トークン規格",Polish:"Standard tokena ERC-721",Ukrainian:"Стандарт токенів ERC-721"}},ETH:{term:"ETH",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'ether'",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ETH","Simplified Chinese":"ETH",French:"ETH",German:"ETH",Indonesian:"ETH",Italian:"ETH",Korean:"ETH",Persian:"ETH","Brazilian Portuguese":"ETH",Russian:"ETH",Spanish:"ETH","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ETH",Thai:"ETH",Turkish:"ETH",Vietnamese:"ETH",Arabic:"ETH","Traditional Chinese":"以太幣",Dutch:"ETH",Greek:"ETH",Hindi:"ETH",Hungarian:"ETH",Japanese:"ETH",Polish:"ETH",Ukrainian:"ETH"}},"ether (denominations)":{term:"ether (denominations)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"There are a number of denominations of the currency we know as 'ether' or ETH; for the definitive explanation, see the original Ethereum Homestead documentation Ethereum Homestead documentation here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ether (denominations)","Simplified Chinese":"以太币（面额）",French:"ether (dénominations)",German:"Ether (Denominationen)",Indonesian:"ether (denominations)",Italian:"ether (denominazioni)",Korean:"에테르(단위)",Persian:"اتر (نام‌گذاری‌ها)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ether (denominações)",Russian:"эфир (номиналы)",Spanish:"ether (denominaciones)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ether (mga denominasyon)",Thai:"อีเทอร์",Turkish:"ether (değerler)",Vietnamese:"ether (mệnh giá)",Arabic:"إيثر","Traditional Chinese":"以太幣",Dutch:"ether (denominaties)",Greek:"ether (denominations)",Hindi:"ईथर (ether) (डीनॉमिनेशन्स)",Hungarian:"éter",Japanese:"ether",Polish:"Ether (nominały)",Ukrainian:"ефір (номінали)"}},"ether (ETH)":{term:"ether (ETH)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ether is the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain network. Ether—also referred to as ETH (pronounced with a long “e”, like “teeth” without the “t”)—functions as the fuel of the Ethereum ecosystem, by quantifying the work performed by the network, and as a form of payment for participants securing the network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ether (ETH)","Simplified Chinese":"以太币（ETH）",French:"ether (ETH)",German:"Ether (ETH)",Indonesian:"ether (ETH)",Italian:"ether (ETH)",Korean:"에테르(ETH)",Persian:"اتر (ETH)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ether (ETH)",Russian:"эфир (ETH)",Spanish:"ether (ETH)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ether (ETH)",Thai:"อีเทอร์ (ETH)",Turkish:"ether (ETH)",Vietnamese:"ether (ETH)",Arabic:"إيثر (ETH)","Traditional Chinese":"以太幣",Dutch:"ether (ETH)",Greek:"ether (ETH)",Hindi:"ईथर (ether) (ETH)",Hungarian:"éter (ETH)",Japanese:"イーサ",Polish:"Ether (ETH)",Ukrainian:"ефір (ETH)"}},Ethereum:{term:"Ethereum",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A public blockchain network and decentralized software platform upon which developers build and run applications. As it is a proper noun, it should always be capitalized.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum",French:"Ethereum",German:"Ethereum",Indonesian:"Ethereum",Italian:"Ethereum",Korean:"Ethereum",Persian:"اتریوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ethereum",Russian:"Ethereum",Spanish:"Ethereum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum",Thai:"Ethereum",Turkish:"Ethereum",Vietnamese:"Ethereum",Arabic:"Ethereum","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊",Dutch:"Ethereum",Greek:"Ethereum",Hindi:"Ethereum",Hungarian:"Ethereum",Japanese:"Ethereum",Polish:"Ethereum",Ukrainian:"Ethereum"}},"Ethereum 2.0":{term:"Ethereum 2.0",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"a.k.a The Merge Finalized in September 2022, the Merge was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning Ethereum from a Proof of Work consensus model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the network live. This was successful, and reduced the network’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum 2.0","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 2.0",French:"Ethereum 2.0",German:"Ethereum 2.0",Indonesian:"Ethereum 2.0",Italian:"Ethereum 2.0",Korean:"Ethereum 2.0",Persian:"اتریوم 2.0","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ethereum 2.0",Russian:"Ethereum 2.0",Spanish:"Ethereum 2.0","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum 2.0",Thai:"Ethereum 2.0",Turkish:"Ethereum 2.0",Vietnamese:"Ethereum 2.0",Arabic:"Ethereum 2.0","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊 2.0",Dutch:"Ethereum 2.0",Greek:"Ethereum 2.0",Hindi:"Ethereum 2.0",Hungarian:"Ethereum 2.0",Japanese:"Ethereum 2.0",Polish:"Ethereum 2.0",Ukrainian:"Ethereum 2.0"}},"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)":{term:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the Ethereum network functions as a whole; the official repository is here. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, EIP-1559. Keep in mind that as it is an iterative, lengthy process, some EIPs never get fully approved, and some do, and many end up somewhere in a gray area of 'partially implemented'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 改进提议（EIP）",French:"Propositions d’amélioration d’Ethereum (EIP)",German:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Indonesian:"Proposal Peningkatan Ethereum (EIP)",Italian:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Korean:"Ethereum 개선 제안(EIP)",Persian:"پروتکل‌های بهبود اتریوم (EIP)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Proposta de melhoria da Ethereum (EIP)",Russian:"Предложение по улучшению Ethereum (EIP)",Spanish:"propuesta de mejora de Ethereum (EIP)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Thai:"ข้อเสนอการปรับปรุง Ethereum (EIP)",Turkish:"Ethereum Geliştirme Teklifi (EIP)",Vietnamese:"Đề xuất cải tiến Ethereum (EIP)",Arabic:"مقترحات تحسين الإثيريوم (EIP)","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊改進提案",Dutch:"EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal)",Greek:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Hindi:"एथेरियम इम्प्रूवमेंट प्रपोज़ल (EIP)",Hungarian:"Ethereum javítási protokollok (EIP)",Japanese:"Ethereum 改善提案 (EIP)",Polish:"EIP – Ethereum Improvement Proposal (propozycja ulepszenia sieci Ethereum)",Ukrainian:"Пропозиція щодо вдосконалення Ethereum (EIP)"}},"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)":{term:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Ethereum Name Service is a protocol, managed by a DAO, which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to Ethereum addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet’s DNS.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 域名服务（ENS）",French:"Service de nomination Ethereum (ENS)",German:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Indonesian:"Layanan Nama Ethereum (ENS)",Italian:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Korean:"Ethereum 네임 서비스(ENS)",Persian:"سرویس نام اتریوم (ENS)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Serviço de nomes Ethereum (ENS)",Russian:"Служба имен Ethereum (ENS)",Spanish:"servicio de nombres de Ethereum (ENS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Thai:"เนมเซอร์วิส Ethereum (ENS)",Turkish:"Ethereum İsimlendirme Hizmeti (ENS)",Vietnamese:"Dịch vụ đăng ký tên miền trên Ethereum (ENS)",Arabic:"خدمة أسماء الإيثيريوم (ENS)","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊域名服務",Dutch:"ENS (Ethereum Name Service)",Greek:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Hindi:"एथेरियम नेम सर्विस (ENS)",Hungarian:"Ethereum névszolgáltatás (ENS)",Japanese:"Ethereum ネームサービス (ENS)",Polish:"ENS – Ethereum Name Service (usługa nazw Ethereum)",Ukrainian:"Служба імен Ethereum (ENS)"}},"Ethereum Public Address":{term:"Ethereum Public Address",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum public address, also known as an Ethereum account address, is a string of 42 characters (including letters and numbers) that is used to receive or send Ethereum and other Ethereum-based tokens on the Ethereum network. Each Ethereum public address is unique and is associated with a private key that allows the owner of the address to sign and authorize transactions. The public address is derived from the private key using a mathematical algorithm, and it can be shared with others to receive payments or tokens. When sending Ethereum or tokens, users need to specify the recipient's public address as the destination for the transaction. Once the transaction is confirmed by the network, the Ethereum or tokens are transferred to the recipient's address.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Public Address","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 公钥",French:"Adresse publique Ethereum",German:"Öffentliche Ethereum-Adresse",Indonesian:"Alamat Publik Ethereum",Italian:"Indirizzo pubblico Ethereum",Korean:"Ethereum 퍼블릭 주소",Persian:"آدرس عمومی اتریوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Endereço público Ethereum",Russian:"Публичный адрес Ethereum",Spanish:"dirección pública de ethereum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pampublikong Address ng Ethereum",Thai:"ที่อยู่สาธารณะ Ethereum",Turkish:"Ethereum Genel Adresi",Vietnamese:"Địa chỉ công khai Ethereum",Arabic:"عنوان إيثريوم العام","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊收款地址",Dutch:"openbaar Ethereum-adres",Greek:"Δημόσια Διεύθυνση Ethereum",Hindi:"एथेरियम पब्लिक एड्रेस",Hungarian:"Ethereum nyilvános cím",Japanese:"Ethereum パブリックアドレス",Polish:"Adres publiczny Ethereum",Ukrainian:"Публічна адреса Ethereum"}},"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)":{term:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The EVM is a virtual machine that operates on the Ethereum network. It is Turing complete and allows anyone, anywhere to execute arbitrary EVM bytecode. All Ethereum nodes run on the EVM. It is home for smart contracts based on the Ethereum blockchain.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 虚拟机（EVM）",French:"Machine virtuelle Ethereum (EVM)",German:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",Indonesian:"Mesin Virtual Ethereum (EVM)",Italian:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",Korean:"Ethereum 가상 머신(EVM)",Persian:"ماشین مجازی اتریوم (EVM)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Máquina Virtual Ethereum (EVM)",Russian:"Виртуальная машина Ethereum (EVM)",Spanish:"máquina virtual de Ethereum (EVM)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",Thai:"เครื่องมือจำลอง Ethereum (EVM)",Turkish:"Ethereum Sanal Makinesi (EVM)",Vietnamese:"Máy ảo Ethereum (EVM)",Arabic:"محرك إيثريوم الافتراضي (EVM)","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊虛擬機",Dutch:"EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine)",Greek:"Εικονική Μηχανή Ethereum (EVM)",Hindi:"एथेरियम वर्चुअल मशीन (EVM)",Hungarian:"Ethereum virtuális gép (EVM)",Japanese:"Ethereum 仮想マシン (EVM)",Polish:"EVM – Ethereum Virtual Machine (maszyna wirtualna Ethereum)",Ukrainian:"Віртуальна машина Ethereum (EVM)"}},Etherscan:{term:"Etherscan",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A popular website for analyzing activity on the Ethereum blockchain. See ‘blockchain explorer’. https://etherscan.io/",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Etherscan","Simplified Chinese":"Etherscan",French:"Etherscan",German:"Etherscan",Indonesian:"Etherscan",Italian:"Etherscan",Korean:"Etherscan",Persian:"EtherScan","Brazilian Portuguese":"Etherscan",Russian:"Etherscan",Spanish:"Etherscan","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Etherscan",Thai:"Etherscan",Turkish:"Etherscan",Vietnamese:"Etherscan",Arabic:"Etherscan","Traditional Chinese":"EtherScan",Dutch:"Etherscan",Greek:"Etherscan",Hindi:"Etherscan",Hungarian:"Etherscan",Japanese:"Etherscan",Polish:"Etherscan",Ukrainian:"EtherScan"}},EVM:{term:"EVM",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Ethereum Virtual Machine'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"EVM","Simplified Chinese":"EVM（Ethereum 虚拟机）",French:"EVM",German:"EVM",Indonesian:"EVM",Italian:"EVM",Korean:"EVM",Persian:"EVM","Brazilian Portuguese":"EVM",Russian:"EVM",Spanish:"EVM","Filipino (Tagalog)":"EVM",Thai:"EVM",Turkish:"EVM",Vietnamese:"EVM",Arabic:"EVM","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊虛擬機",Dutch:"EVM",Greek:"Εικονική Μηχανή Ethereum (EVM)",Hindi:"EVM",Hungarian:"EVM",Japanese:"EVM",Polish:"EVM",Ukrainian:"EVM"}},exchange:{term:"exchange",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A place to trade cryptocurrency. Centralized exchanges, operated by companies like Coinbase and Gemini, function as intermediaries, while decentralized exchanges do not have a central authority.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"exchange","Simplified Chinese":"交易所",French:"échange",German:"Börse",Indonesian:"bursa",Italian:"exchange",Korean:"거래소",Persian:"صرافی","Brazilian Portuguese":"corretora",Russian:"биржа",Spanish:"intercambio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"palitan",Thai:"ตลาดแลกเปลี่ยน",Turkish:"borsa",Vietnamese:"sàn giao dịch",Arabic:"بورصة","Traditional Chinese":"交易所",Dutch:"exchange/cryptobeurs",Greek:"ανταλλαγή",Hindi:"एक्सचेंज",Hungarian:"tőzsde",Japanese:"取引所",Polish:"Giełda",Ukrainian:"біржа"}},"Execution client":{term:"Execution client",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Execution clients are tasked with processing and broadcasting transactions, as well as with managing Ethereum's state. They run the computations for each transaction in the Ethereum Virtual Machine to ensure that the rules of the protocol are followed. Today, they also handle proof of work consensus. After the transition to proof of stake, they will delegate this to consensus clients.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Execution client","Simplified Chinese":"执行客户端",French:"Client d’exécution",German:"Ausführungs-Client",Indonesian:"Klien eksekusi",Italian:"Client di esecuzione",Korean:"실행 클라이언트",Persian:"کلاینت اجرا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cliente de execução",Russian:"Клиент-исполнитель",Spanish:"cliente de ejecución","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Kliyente sa pagpapatupad",Thai:"ไคลเอ็นต์ดำเนินการ",Turkish:"Yürütme istemcisi",Vietnamese:"Ứng dụng thực thi",Arabic:"عميل التنفيذ","Traditional Chinese":"執行客戶端",Dutch:"uitvoeringsclient",Greek:"Πελάτης εκτέλεσης",Hindi:"एक्सीक्यूशन क्लाइंट",Hungarian:"végrehajtási kliens",Japanese:"実行クライアント",Polish:"Klient wykonawczy",Ukrainian:"Виконавчий клієнт"}},"Execution layer":{term:"Execution layer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ethereum's execution layer is the network of execution clients.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Execution layer","Simplified Chinese":"执行层",French:"Couche d’exécution",German:"Ausführungs-Layer",Indonesian:"Layer eksekusi",Italian:"Layer di esecuzione",Korean:"실행 레이어",Persian:"لایه اجرا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada de execução",Russian:"Слой исполнения",Spanish:"capa de ejecución","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer ng pagpapatupad",Thai:"เลเยอร์ดำเนินการ",Turkish:"Yürütme katmanı",Vietnamese:"Lớp thực thi",Arabic:"طبقة التنفيذ","Traditional Chinese":"執行層",Dutch:"uitvoeringslaag",Greek:"Επίπεδο εκτέλεσης",Hindi:"एक्सीक्यूशन लेयर",Hungarian:"végrehajtási réteg",Japanese:"実行レイヤー",Polish:"Warstwa wykonawcza",Ukrainian:"Виконавчий рівень"}},"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)":{term:"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'private key'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' wallet. An extended private key, or xprv, is a private key which can be used to derive child private keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)","Simplified Chinese":"扩展密钥（XPRIV）",French:"Clé privée étendue (XPRIV)",German:"Erweiterter privater Schlüssel (XPRIV)",Indonesian:"Ekstensi Kunci Pribadi (XPRIV)",Italian:"Chiave privata estesa (XPRIV)",Korean:"확장 개인 키(XPRIV)",Persian:"کلیدخصوصی توسعه یافته (XPRIV)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chave privada estendida (XPRIV)",Russian:"Расширенный закрытый ключ (XPRIV)",Spanish:"clave privada extendida (XPRIV)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)",Thai:"คีย์ส่วนตัวแบบขยาย (XPRIV)",Turkish:"Genişletilmiş Özel Anahtar (XPRIV)",Vietnamese:"Khóa riêng mở rộng (XPRIV)",Arabic:"المفتاح الخاص الموسعّ (XPRIV)","Traditional Chinese":"擴展私鑰",Dutch:"XPRIV (Extended Private Key)",Greek:"Εκτεταμένο ιδιωτικό κλειδί (XPRIV)",Hindi:"एक्सटेंडेड प्राइवेट की (XPRIV)",Hungarian:"kiterjesztett privát kulcs (XPRIV)",Japanese:"拡張秘密鍵 (XPRIV)",Polish:"Rozszerzony klucz prywatny (XPRIV)",Ukrainian:"Розширений закритий ключ (XPRIV)"}},"Extended Public Key (XPUB)":{term:"Extended Public Key (XPUB)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'public key'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' wallet. An extended public key, or xpub, is a public key which can be used to derive child public keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Extended Public Key (XPUB)","Simplified Chinese":"扩展公钥（XPUB）",French:"Clé publique étendue (XPUB)",German:"Erweiterter öffentlicher Schlüssel (XPUB)",Indonesian:"Ekstensi Kunci Umum (XPUB)",Italian:"Chiave pubblica estesa (XPUB)",Korean:"확장된 공개키(XPUB)",Persian:"کلیدعمومی توسعه یافته (XPUB)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chave pública estendida (XPUB)",Russian:"Расширенный открытый ключ (XPUB)",Spanish:"clave pública extendida (XPUB)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extended Public Key (XPUB)",Thai:"คีย์สาธารณะแบบขยาย (XPUB)",Turkish:"Genişletilmiş Genel Anahtar (XPUB)",Vietnamese:"Khóa công khai mở rộng (XPUB)",Arabic:"المفتاح العام الموسعّ (XPUB)","Traditional Chinese":"擴展公鑰",Dutch:"XPUB (Extended Public Key)",Greek:"Εκτεταμένο δημόσιο κλειδί (XPUB)",Hindi:"एक्सटेंडेड पब्लिक की (XPUB)",Hungarian:"kiterjesztett nyilvános kulcs (XPUB)",Japanese:"拡張公開鍵 (XPUB)",Polish:"Rozszerzony klucz publiczny (XPUB)",Ukrainian:"Розширений відкритий ключ (XPUB)"}},Extension:{term:"Extension",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask is a web browser extension and mobile app that allows you to manage your Ethereum private keys. By doing so, it serves as a wallet for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, MetaMask keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your Secret Recovery Phrase or other private keys. You retain all power over your crypto-identity.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Extension","Simplified Chinese":"扩展程序",French:"Extension",German:"Erweiterung",Indonesian:"Ekstensi",Italian:"Estensione",Korean:"확장",Persian:"افزونه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Extensão",Russian:"Расширение",Spanish:"extensión","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extension",Thai:"ส่วนขยาย",Turkish:"Uzantı",Vietnamese:"Tiện ích mở rộng",Arabic:"امتداد","Traditional Chinese":"擴充套件",Dutch:"extensie",Greek:"Επέκταση",Hindi:"एक्सटेंशन",Hungarian:"kiterjesztés",Japanese:"拡張機能",Polish:"Rozszerzenie",Ukrainian:"Розширення"}},Fantom:{term:"Fantom",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Fantom is a public blockchain platform that aims to facilitate fast and low-cost transactions for dapps and smart contracts. It was launched in 2018 and is based on the Ethereum codebase, but with several key enhancements. One of the main features of Fantom is its consensus mechanism, known as Lachesis, which is a variant of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) that allows for high transaction throughput and low confirmation times. This means that transactions on the Fantom network can be processed quickly and at a low cost, making it an attractive platform for developers looking to build dApps that require fast and efficient transactions.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Fantom","Simplified Chinese":"Fantom",French:"Fantom",German:"Fantom",Indonesian:"Fantom",Italian:"Fantom",Korean:"Fantom",Persian:"فانتوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Fantom",Russian:"Fantom",Spanish:"Fantom","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Fantom",Thai:"Fantom",Turkish:"Fantom",Vietnamese:"Fantom",Arabic:"Fantom","Traditional Chinese":"Fantom",Dutch:"Fantom",Greek:"Fantom",Hindi:"Fantom",Hungarian:"Fantom",Japanese:"Fantom",Polish:"Fantom",Ukrainian:"Fantom"}},faucet:{term:"faucet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A faucet is an application, sometimes a very simple website, other times more complex, that dispenses cryptocurrency. While some networks, especially those in early launch stages, offer “real Mainnet” tokens via faucets, it is much more common for a faucet to be present on a test network, or testnet. These faucets are used by developers to test out dapps or smart contracts before deploying them on Ethereum Mainnet, or users who want to practice an action on the blockchain with no risk. Tokens dispensed by a test faucet stay on the test networks and cannot be exchanged for mainnet equivalents.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"faucet","Simplified Chinese":"水龙头",French:"faucet",German:"Faucet",Indonesian:"faucet",Italian:"faucet",Korean:"파우셋",Persian:"درآمد قطره‌ای","Brazilian Portuguese":"torneira",Russian:"кран",Spanish:"grifo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"faucet",Thai:"ฟอเซ็ต",Turkish:"musluk",Vietnamese:"vòi",Arabic:"صنبور العملة الرقمية","Traditional Chinese":"水龍頭",Dutch:"faucet",Greek:"faucet",Hindi:"फॉसेट (faucet)",Hungarian:"csap",Japanese:"フォーセット",Polish:"Kranik / faucet",Ukrainian:"збирач"}},"fiat currency":{term:"fiat currency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Government-issued currency. For example, US Dollars (USD), Euros (EUR), Yuan (CNY), and Yen (JPY).",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"fiat currency","Simplified Chinese":"法币",French:"devise fiat / monnaie fiat",German:"Fiat-Währung",Indonesian:"mata uang fiat",Italian:"moneta legale",Korean:"명목화폐",Persian:"ارز فیات","Brazilian Portuguese":"moeda fiduciária",Russian:"фиатная валюта",Spanish:"moneda fiduciaria","Filipino (Tagalog)":"fiat na salapi",Thai:"เงินเฟียต",Turkish:"fiat para",Vietnamese:"tiền pháp định",Arabic:"عملة ورقية","Traditional Chinese":"法定貨幣",Dutch:"fiatgeld/fiduciair geld",Greek:"παραστατικό χρήμα",Hindi:"फिएट करेंसी",Hungarian:"fiat valuta",Japanese:"法定通貨",Polish:"Waluta fiat / pieniądz fiducjarny",Ukrainian:"фіатна валюта"}},"final, finality":{term:"final, finality",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A transaction is considered 'final' once it can no longer be changed. In a sense, this happens once there are sufficient confirmations of the transaction, but for all intents and purposes, a transaction is final once the block that contains it is mined or validated. Keep in mind that this reflects a fundamental rule of blockchains: unlike traditional financial systems where charges can be 'reversed', there is no 'undoing' a transaction on the blockchain. Once finality is reached, the transaction is immutable.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"final, finality","Simplified Chinese":"最终性",French:"finale, finalité",German:"final, Finality",Indonesian:"final, finalitas",Italian:"finale, finality",Korean:"최종, 완결성",Persian:"قطعی، قطعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"final, finalização",Russian:"завершение, завершенность",Spanish:"final, finalidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wakas, pangwakas",Thai:"ยอดสรุปสุดท้าย",Turkish:"son, kesinlik",Vietnamese:"sau cùng, cuối cùng",Arabic:"نهائي، النهائية","Traditional Chinese":"最終",Dutch:"onwijzigbaar, finaliteit",Greek:"τελειωτικός διακανονισμός με βεβαιότητα, βεβαιότητα",Hindi:"फाइनल, फाइनलिटी",Hungarian:"végleges, véglegesség",Japanese:"確定, ファイナリティ",Polish:"Ostateczność, nieodwołalność",Ukrainian:"остаточна, остаточність"}},"Finality Rate":{term:"Finality Rate",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'finality'",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Finality Rate","Simplified Chinese":"最终性概率",French:"Taux de finalité",German:"Finality Rate",Indonesian:"Nilai Finalitas",Italian:"Finality Rate",Korean:"완결율",Persian:"نرخ قطعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa de finalização",Russian:"Коэффициент завершенности",Spanish:"velocidad de finalidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rate ng Pangwakas",Thai:"อัตราสุดท้าย",Turkish:"Kesinlik Oranı",Vietnamese:"Tỷ lệ cuối cùng",Arabic:"معدل النهائية","Traditional Chinese":"最終率",Dutch:"snelheid van finaliteit",Greek:"Χρέωση βεβαιότητας",Hindi:"फाइनलिटी रेट",Hungarian:"véglegességi arány",Japanese:"ファイナリティの速度",Polish:"Ostateczność rozrachunku",Ukrainian:"Коефіцієнт остаточності"}},"financial technology (FinTech)":{term:"financial technology (FinTech)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The integration of technology into offerings by financial services companies in order to improve their use and delivery to consumers.",termCategory:"Financial term",i18n:{Term:"financial technology (FinTech)","Simplified Chinese":"金融科技（FinTech）",French:"technologie financière (FinTech)",German:"Finanztechnologie (FinTech)",Indonesian:"teknologi keuangan (FinTech)",Italian:"tecnologia finanziaria (FinTech)",Korean:"금융 기술(핀테크)",Persian:"فناوری مالی (فین‌تک)","Brazilian Portuguese":"tecnologia financeira (FinTech)",Russian:"финансовые технологии (финтех)",Spanish:"tecnología financiera (fintech)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"financial technology (FinTech)",Thai:"เทคโนโลยีทางการเงิน (FinTech)",Turkish:"finansal teknoloji (FinTech)",Vietnamese:"công nghệ tài chính (FinTech)",Arabic:"التكنولوجيا المالية (FinTech)","Traditional Chinese":"金融科技",Dutch:"fintech (financiële technologie)",Greek:"χρηματοοικονομική τεχνολογία (FinTech)",Hindi:"फाइनेंशियल टेक्नोलॉजी (FinTech)",Hungarian:"pénzügyi technológia (FinTech)",Japanese:"フィンテック (FinTech)",Polish:"Technologie finansowe (FinTech)",Ukrainian:"фінансові технології (FinTech)"}},finney:{term:"finney",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A denomination of ether. See ether (denomination).",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"finney","Simplified Chinese":"芬尼",French:"finney",German:"Finney",Indonesian:"finney",Italian:"finney",Korean:"피니",Persian:"فینی","Brazilian Portuguese":"finney",Russian:"finney",Spanish:"finney","Filipino (Tagalog)":"finney",Thai:"ฟินนี่",Turkish:"finney",Vietnamese:"finney",Arabic:"فيني","Traditional Chinese":"芬尼",Dutch:"finney",Greek:"FinTech (χρηματοοικονομική τεχνολογία)",Hindi:"finney",Hungarian:"finney",Japanese:"finney",Polish:"Finney",Ukrainian:"фінні"}},Firefox:{term:"Firefox",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Internet browser.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Firefox","Simplified Chinese":"Firefox",French:"Firefox",German:"Firefox",Indonesian:"Firefox",Italian:"Firefox",Korean:"파이어폭스",Persian:"فایرفاکس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Firefox",Russian:"Firefox",Spanish:"Firefox","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Firefox",Thai:"Firefox",Turkish:"Firefox",Vietnamese:"Firefox",Arabic:"فيَرفُكس","Traditional Chinese":"火狐",Dutch:"Firefox",Greek:"Firefox",Hindi:"Firefox",Hungarian:"Firefox",Japanese:"Firefox",Polish:"Firefox",Ukrainian:"Firefox"}},Firewall:{term:"Firewall",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Firewall","Simplified Chinese":"防火墙",French:"Pare-feu",German:"Firewall",Indonesian:"Firewall",Italian:"Firewall",Korean:"방화벽",Persian:"فایروال","Brazilian Portuguese":"Firewall",Russian:"Брандмауэр",Spanish:"cortafuegos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Firewall",Thai:"ไฟร์วอลล์",Turkish:"Güvenlik duvarı",Vietnamese:"Tường lửa",Arabic:"جدار الحماية","Traditional Chinese":"防火牆",Dutch:"firewall",Greek:"Τείχος προστασίας",Hindi:"Firefox",Hungarian:"tűzfal",Japanese:"ファイアウォール",Polish:"Firewall / zapora sieciowa",Ukrainian:"Брандмауер"}},Flask:{term:"Flask",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Flask is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the MetaMask team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of MetaMask has. What is MetaMask Flask, and how is it different from normal MetaMask",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Flask","Simplified Chinese":"Flask",French:"Flask",German:"Flask",Indonesian:"Flask",Italian:"Flask",Korean:"Flask",Persian:"فلسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Flask",Russian:"Flask",Spanish:"Flask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Flask",Thai:"Flask",Turkish:"Flask",Vietnamese:"Flask",Arabic:"Flask","Traditional Chinese":"試驗場",Dutch:"Flask",Greek:"Flask",Hindi:"Flask",Hungarian:"Flask",Japanese:"Flask",Polish:"Flask",Ukrainian:"Flask"}},fork:{term:"fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Forking' is a term that comes from the world of collaborative software development, and refers to the action of copying an existing application or set of code and modifying it to create an alternate version. At the blockchain protocol level, a 'fork' creates an alternative version of a blockchain. Forks are often enacted intentionally to apply upgrades to a network. Soft Forks render two chains with some compatibility, while Hard Forks create a new version of the chain that must be adopted to continue participation. In the instance of a contentious Hard Fork, this can create two versions of a blockchain network. See also 'hard fork'.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"fork","Simplified Chinese":"分叉",French:"fork",German:"Fork",Indonesian:"fork",Italian:"fork",Korean:"포크",Persian:"فورک","Brazilian Portuguese":"bifurcação",Russian:"форк",Spanish:"bifurcación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"fork",Thai:"แยก",Turkish:"çatal",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh",Arabic:"انقسام (فورك)","Traditional Chinese":"分叉",Dutch:"fork",Greek:"fork",Hindi:"फोर्क (fork)",Hungarian:"villa",Japanese:"フォーク",Polish:"Fork (podział łańcucha)",Ukrainian:"форк"}},"Fractional Ownership":{term:"Fractional Ownership",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of NFT ownership: A fractional NFT (F-NFT) is an entire NFT broken into smaller fragments, allowing several people to claim ownership of a piece of the same NFT. Fractional NFTs",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Fractional Ownership","Simplified Chinese":"部分所有权",French:"Propriété fractionnée",German:"Fractional Ownership",Indonesian:"Kepemilikan Fraksional",Italian:"Multiproprietà",Korean:"부분 소유권",Persian:"مالکیت درصدی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Propriedade fracionada",Russian:"Долевое владение",Spanish:"titularidad fraccionaria","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Fractional na Pagmamay-ari",Thai:"การถือครองกรรมสิทธิ์แบบสัดส่วน",Turkish:"Fraksiyonel Sahiplik",Vietnamese:"Phân quyền sở hữu",Arabic:"ملكية جزئية","Traditional Chinese":"持分所有權",Dutch:"fractioneel eigendom",Greek:"Κλασματική ιδιοκτησία",Hindi:"फ्रैक्शनल ओनरशिप",Hungarian:"töredéktulajdon",Japanese:"部分的所有",Polish:"Własność częściowa",Ukrainian:"Дробове володіння"}},"Fraud proof":{term:"Fraud proof",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A security model for certain layer 2 solutions where, to increase speed, transactions are rolled up into batches and submitted to Ethereum in a single transaction. They are assumed valid but can be challenged if fraud is suspected. A fraud proof will then run the transaction to see if fraud took place. This method increases the amount of transactions possible while maintaining security.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Fraud proof","Simplified Chinese":"欺诈证明",French:"Preuve de fraude",German:"Betrugssicher",Indonesian:"Bukti Penipuan",Italian:"A prova di frode",Korean:"사기 증명",Persian:"اثبات تقلب","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de fraude",Russian:"Доказательство мошенничества",Spanish:"a prueba de fraude","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Katibayan ng panloloko",Thai:"การตรวจสอบแบบไม่ไว้ใจ",Turkish:"Dolandırıcılık kanıtı",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng gian lận",Arabic:"إثبات الاحتيال","Traditional Chinese":"欺詐證明",Dutch:"fraudebestendig",Greek:"Θωράκιση κατά της απάτης.",Hindi:"फ्रॉड प्रूफ",Hungarian:"csalás bizonyíték",Japanese:"不正証明",Polish:"Ochrona przed nadużyciami (Fraud proof)",Ukrainian:"Доказ шахрайства"}},"full node":{term:"full node",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Public blockchains consist of a network of computers which sync the network's data, coordinate transaction requests, and participate in consensus regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a 'node'. A full node is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific blockchain. In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” node does not download all pieces of a blockchain’s data, and uses a different validation process.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"full node","Simplified Chinese":"全节点",French:"nœud complet",German:"Full Node",Indonesian:"node penuh",Italian:"nodo completo",Korean:"전체 노드",Persian:"نود کامل","Brazilian Portuguese":"full node",Russian:"полный узел",Spanish:"nodo completo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ganap na node",Thai:"โหนดเต็ม",Turkish:"tam düğüm",Vietnamese:"nút hoàn chỉnh",Arabic:"عُقدة كاملة","Traditional Chinese":"完整節點",Dutch:"full node",Greek:"πλήρης κόμβος",Hindi:"फुल नोड",Hungarian:"teljes csomópont",Japanese:"フルノード",Polish:"Pełny węzeł",Ukrainian:"повний вузол"}},Ganache:{term:"Ganache",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ganache is a personal blockchain for Ethereum development that developers can use to deploy contracts, develop applications, and run tests. It is part of the Truffle Suite ecosystem.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Ganache","Simplified Chinese":"Ganache",French:"Ganache",German:"Ganache",Indonesian:"Ganache",Italian:"Ganache",Korean:"가나슈",Persian:"گاناش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ganache",Russian:"Ganache",Spanish:"Ganache","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ganache",Thai:"Ganache",Turkish:"Ganache",Vietnamese:"Ganache",Arabic:"Ganache","Traditional Chinese":"Ganache",Dutch:"Ganache",Greek:"Ganache",Hindi:"Ganache",Hungarian:"Ganache",Japanese:"Ganache",Polish:"Ganache",Ukrainian:"Ganache"}},gas:{term:"gas",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A measure of the computational steps required for a transaction on the Ethereum network. This then equates to a fee for network users paid in small units of ETH specified as gwei. For more on gas, see MetaMask’s user guide here: User Guide: Gas",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"gas","Simplified Chinese":"燃料",French:"gaz",German:"Gas",Indonesian:"gas",Italian:"gas",Korean:"가스",Persian:"گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"gás",Russian:"газ",Spanish:"gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"gas",Thai:"แก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz",Vietnamese:"gas",Arabic:"رسوم المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"gas",Dutch:"gas",Greek:"gas",Hindi:"गैस",Hungarian:"gáz",Japanese:"ガス",Polish:"Gaz",Ukrainian:"газ"}},"gas fee":{term:"gas fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Gas fee refers to the transaction fee on the blockchain. It is what users pay to get their transaction validated, or completed.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"gas fee","Simplified Chinese":"燃料费",French:"frais de gaz",German:"Gas-Gebühr",Indonesian:"biaya gas",Italian:"commissione del gas",Korean:"가스비",Persian:"کارمزد گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"taxa de gás",Russian:"плата за газ",Spanish:"tarifa de gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bayad sa gas",Thai:"ค่าแก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz ücreti",Vietnamese:"phí gas",Arabic:"رسوم معاملات الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"礦工費",Dutch:"transactiekosten/gas fee",Greek:"gas fee",Hindi:"गैस फीस",Hungarian:"gázdíj",Japanese:"ガス代",Polish:"Opłata za gaz",Ukrainian:"комісія за газ"}},"gas limit":{term:"gas limit",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The gas limit is the maximum amount you’re willing to pay for any given transaction to go through the Ethereum network. Another way of looking at it is as a “rough estimate” of how much computing power your transaction will take.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"gas limit","Simplified Chinese":"燃料限制",French:"limite de gaz",German:"Gas-Limit",Indonesian:"batas gas",Italian:"limite di gas",Korean:"가스 한도",Persian:"حداکثر میزان گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"limite de gás",Russian:"лимит газа",Spanish:"límite de gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"limitasyon ng gas",Thai:"ขีดจำกัดค่าแก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz limiti",Vietnamese:"hạn mức phí gas",Arabic:"حد رسوم معاملات الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"gas 限制",Dutch:"maximale transactiekosten/gas limit",Greek:"gas limit",Hindi:"गैस लिमिट",Hungarian:"gázkorlát",Japanese:"ガスリミット",Polish:"Limit gazu",Ukrainian:"ліміт газу"}},"gas price":{term:"gas price",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The gas price is what it sounds like: the cost the network is paid for the computational work being performed in a given transaction. It is paid in units of ETH called gwei. Depending on network congestion, the gas price may vary significantly.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"gas price","Simplified Chinese":"燃料价格",French:"prix du gaz",German:"Gas-Preis",Indonesian:"harga gas",Italian:"prezzo gas",Korean:"가스 가격",Persian:"قیمت گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"preço do gás",Russian:"цена газа",Spanish:"precio del gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"presyo ng gas",Thai:"ราคาแก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz fiyatı",Vietnamese:"giá gas",Arabic:"سعر رسوم المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"gas 價格",Dutch:"gas price",Greek:"gas price",Hindi:"गैस प्राइस",Hungarian:"gázár",Japanese:"ガス価格",Polish:"Cena gazu",Ukrainian:"ціна на газ"}},"Gas Station Network":{term:"Gas Station Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Gas Station Network (GSN) is a decentralized network of relayers mainly referring to the Ethereum blockchain. It allows you to build dapps which provide payment for transactions, so users do not need to hold Ether or ETH to pay for gas, easing their onboarding process and improving user acquisition and experience. However, while the relayers in the GSN do not charge users, they charge the recipient and contract instead. In this way, the relayers recover the costs of transactions and profit from extra fees for providing such services. Originally conceived and designed by TabooKey, the GSN has grown to encompass many companies, protocols and platforms in the Ethereum ecosystem that wish to facilitate the onboarding of users to Ethereum applications. Gas Station Network",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Gas Station Network","Simplified Chinese":"Gas Station Network",French:"Gas Station Network",German:"Gas Station Network",Indonesian:"Gas Station Network",Italian:"Gas Station Network",Korean:"가스 스테이션 네트워크",Persian:"شبکه ایستگاه گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Gas Station Network",Russian:"Gas Station Network",Spanish:"Gas Station Network","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Gas Station Network",Thai:"เครือข่ายจัดหาแก๊ส",Turkish:"Gas Station Network",Vietnamese:"Gas Station Network",Arabic:"شبكة محطة رسوم المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"Gas Station Network",Dutch:"Gas Station Network",Greek:"Gas Station Network",Hindi:"Gas Station Network",Hungarian:"töltőállomás hálózat",Japanese:"Gas Station Network",Polish:"Gas Station Network",Ukrainian:"Мережа заправних станцій (GSN)"}},"genesis block":{term:"genesis block",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The initial block of data computed in the history of a blockchain network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"genesis block","Simplified Chinese":"创世区块",French:"bloc initial",German:"Genesis Block",Indonesian:"block genesis",Italian:"blocco di genesi",Korean:"제네시스블록",Persian:"بلاک اولیه","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco de gênese",Russian:"нулевой блок",Spanish:"bloque génesis","Filipino (Tagalog)":"genesis block",Thai:"บล็อกแรก",Turkish:"genesis blok",Vietnamese:"khối genesis",Arabic:"كتلة التكوين","Traditional Chinese":"創世區塊",Dutch:"genesisblok",Greek:"genesis block",Hindi:"जेनेसिस ब्लॉक",Hungarian:"genezis blokk",Japanese:"ジェネシスブロック",Polish:"Blok Genesis",Ukrainian:"генезис-блок"}},Gigawei:{term:"Gigawei",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Gwei is a unit of ether, the smallest denomination, which stands for gigawei (or 1,000,000,000). Gwei is used for gas fees, or rather payments made by users to compensate for the computing energy required to process and validate transactions on the Ethereum blockchain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Gigawei","Simplified Chinese":"Gigawei",French:"Gigawei",German:"Gigawei",Indonesian:"Gigawei",Italian:"Gigawei",Korean:"기가웨이",Persian:"گیگاوی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Gigawei",Russian:"Гигавей",Spanish:"gigawei","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Gigawei",Thai:"กิกะเวย์",Turkish:"Gigawei",Vietnamese:"Gigawei",Arabic:"جيجاوي (Gigawei)","Traditional Chinese":"Gigawei",Dutch:"gigawei",Greek:"Gigawei",Hindi:"Gigawei",Hungarian:"Gigawei",Japanese:"ギガウェイ",Polish:"Gigawei",Ukrainian:"Гігавай"}},Gitcoin:{term:"Gitcoin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Gitcoin is a platform where coders and developers can get paid to work on open-source software in a wide variety of programming languages. Users can also submit their own project ideas to the Gitcoin platform in order to crowdsource funding from contributing donors. Gitcoin",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Gitcoin","Simplified Chinese":"Gitcoin",French:"Gitcoin",German:"Gitcoin",Indonesian:"Gitcoin",Italian:"Gitcoin",Korean:"깃코인",Persian:"گیت‌کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Gitcoin",Russian:"Gitcoin",Spanish:"Gitcoin","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Gitcoin",Thai:"Gitcoin",Turkish:"Gitcoin",Vietnamese:"Gitcoin",Arabic:"Gitcoin","Traditional Chinese":"Gitcoin",Dutch:"Gitcoin",Greek:"Gitcoin",Hindi:"Gitcoin",Hungarian:"Gitcoin",Japanese:"Gitcoin",Polish:"Gitcoin",Ukrainian:"Gitcoin"}},GitHub:{term:"GitHub",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"GitHub is an online software development platform. It's used for storing, tracking, and collaborating on software projects. It makes it easy for developers to share code files and collaborate with fellow developers on open-source projects. GitHub also serves as a social networking site where developers can openly network, collaborate, and pitch their work. GitHub",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"GitHub","Simplified Chinese":"GitHub",French:"GitHub",German:"GitHub",Indonesian:"GitHub",Italian:"GitHub",Korean:"GitHub",Persian:"گیت‌هاب","Brazilian Portuguese":"GitHub",Russian:"GitHub",Spanish:"GitHub","Filipino (Tagalog)":"GitHub",Thai:"GitHub",Turkish:"GitHub",Vietnamese:"GitHub",Arabic:"جيت هب (GitHub)","Traditional Chinese":"GitHub",Dutch:"GitHub",Greek:"GitHub",Hindi:"GitHub",Hungarian:"GitHub",Japanese:"GitHub",Polish:"GitHub",Ukrainian:"GitHub"}},Goerli:{term:"Goerli",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Goerli is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the blockchain (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ETH on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to mainnet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Goerli","Simplified Chinese":"Goerli",French:"Goerli",German:"Goerli",Indonesian:"Goerli",Italian:"Goerli",Korean:"Goerli",Persian:"گوئرلی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Goerli",Russian:"Goerli",Spanish:"Goerli","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Goerli",Thai:"Goerli",Turkish:"Goerli",Vietnamese:"Goerli",Arabic:"Goerli","Traditional Chinese":"Goerli",Dutch:"Goerli",Greek:"Goerli",Hindi:"Goerli",Hungarian:"Goerli",Japanese:"Goerli",Polish:"Goerli",Ukrainian:"Goerli"}},Governance:{term:"Governance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the world of cryptocurrencies, governance is defined as the people or organizations that have decision-making powers regarding the project. Governance is an essential aspect of all cryptocurrency projects. As decentralized blockchains, cryptocurrencies often have a very liberal governance structure. There are a number of different approaches to governance. Governance",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Governance","Simplified Chinese":"治理",French:"Gouvernance",German:"Governance",Indonesian:"Pengelola",Italian:"Governance",Korean:"거버넌스",Persian:"حاکمیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Governança",Russian:"Управление",Spanish:"gobernanza","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamamahala",Thai:"การกำกับ",Turkish:"Yönetişim",Vietnamese:"Quản trị",Arabic:"الحوكمة","Traditional Chinese":"治理",Dutch:"governance",Greek:"Διακυβέρνηση",Hindi:"Governance",Hungarian:"kormányzás",Japanese:"ガバナンス",Polish:"Zarządzanie",Ukrainian:"Управління"}},GSN:{term:"GSN",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Abbreviation for Gas Station Network",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"GSN","Simplified Chinese":"GSN",French:"GSN",German:"GSN",Indonesian:"GSN",Italian:"GSN",Korean:"GSN",Persian:"GSN","Brazilian Portuguese":"GSN",Russian:"GSN",Spanish:"GSN","Filipino (Tagalog)":"GSN",Thai:"GSN",Turkish:"GSN",Vietnamese:"GSN",Arabic:"GSN","Traditional Chinese":"Gas Station Network",Dutch:"GSN",Greek:"GSN",Hindi:"GSN",Hungarian:"GSN",Japanese:"GSN",Polish:"GSN",Ukrainian:"GSN"}},gwei:{term:"gwei",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A minuscule and common denomination of ETH, and the unit in which gas prices are often specified. See 'ether (denominations)' entry for more information.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"gwei","Simplified Chinese":"gwei",French:"gwei",German:"Gwei",Indonesian:"gwei",Italian:"gwei",Korean:"그웨이",Persian:"جیوی","Brazilian Portuguese":"gwei",Russian:"Гвей",Spanish:"gwei","Filipino (Tagalog)":"gwei",Thai:"เกวย์",Turkish:"gwei",Vietnamese:"gwei",Arabic:"جوي (gwei)","Traditional Chinese":"gwei",Dutch:"gwei",Greek:"gwei",Hindi:"gwei",Hungarian:"gwei",Japanese:"gwei",Polish:"Gwei",Ukrainian:"гвей"}},halving:{term:"halving",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Many cryptocurrencies have a finite supply, which makes them a scarce digital commodity. For example, the total amount of bitcoin that will ever be issued is 21 million. The number of bitcoins generated per block is decreased 50% every four years. This is called “halving.” The final halving will take place in the year 2140.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"halving","Simplified Chinese":"减半",French:"Réduire de moitié",German:"Halbierung",Indonesian:"halving",Italian:"halving",Korean:"반감기",Persian:"هاوینگ (نصف شدن پاداش استخراج)","Brazilian Portuguese":"halving",Russian:"халвинг",Spanish:"reducción a la mitad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"paghati",Thai:"ฮาฟวิงก์",Turkish:"yarılanma",Vietnamese:"chia đôi khối",Arabic:"التنصيف (الهالفينج)","Traditional Chinese":"減半",Dutch:"halveren",Greek:"μείωση κατά το ήμισυ",Hindi:"आधा करना (halving)",Hungarian:"felezés",Japanese:"半減期",Polish:"Halving",Ukrainian:"халвінг"}},"hard fork":{term:"hard fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A hard fork occurs when there is a change in the blockchain that is not backward compatible (not compatible with older versions), thus requiring all participants to upgrade to the new version in order to be able to continue participating on the network. See also 'fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hard fork","Simplified Chinese":"硬分叉",French:"fork dur",German:"Hard Fork",Indonesian:"hard fork",Italian:"hard fork",Korean:"하드포크",Persian:"هارد فورک","Brazilian Portuguese":"hard fork",Russian:"хардфорк",Spanish:"bifurcación dura","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hard fork",Thai:"การแยกสมบูรณ์",Turkish:"sert çatal",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh cứng",Arabic:"انقسام كُلي (هارد فورك)","Traditional Chinese":"硬分叉",Dutch:"hard fork",Greek:"hard fork",Hindi:"हार्ड फोर्क",Hungarian:"kemény villa",Japanese:"ハードフォーク",Polish:"Hard fork",Ukrainian:"хард-форк"}},"hardware wallet":{term:"hardware wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A hardware wallet is a physical device that is used to store cryptographic keys, and generally, sign transactions. Some hardware wallets can be connected physically or through software to internet connectivity; others are ‘air-gapped’, receiving transaction requests and sending transaction approvals through a mechanism such as a QR code. The overall goal of using a hardware wallet to manage keys and signatures is to reduce the likelihood of your keys or Secret Recovery Phrase from being somehow stolen or compromised, due to being connected to the Internet. For more on hardware wallets, see MetaMask’s Hardware Wallet Hub: Hardware Wallet Hub",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hardware wallet","Simplified Chinese":"硬件钱包",French:"portefeuille physique",German:"Hardware-Wallet",Indonesian:"dompet perangkat keras",Italian:"wallet hardware",Korean:"하드웨어 지갑",Persian:"کیف پول سخت‌افزاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira de hardware",Russian:"аппаратный кошелек",Spanish:"monedero físico","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wallet na hardware",Thai:"ฮาร์ดแวร์วอลเล็ต",Turkish:"donanım cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví cứng",Arabic:"محفظة الأجهزة","Traditional Chinese":"硬體錢包",Dutch:"hardwarewallet",Greek:"hardware wallet",Hindi:"hardware wallet",Hungarian:"hardver pénztárca",Japanese:"ハードウェアウォレット",Polish:"Portfel sprzętowy",Ukrainian:"апаратний гаманець"}},"hash (noun)":{term:"hash (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing, ‘hashing’ is an operation performed on lists or sets of data to create a reliable index for that data. A particular datum, or a reference to it, is fed into an algorithm, which transforms the datum and returns a standardized, and generally unrecognizable, ‘hash’ of it, sometimes referred to as that datum or file’s “digital fingerprint.” Each block in a blockchain contains the hash value that validated the block before it, followed by its own hash value (this is how the continuity of the ‘chain’ is constructed). Hashes can be used to confirm that blockchain transactions are complete and valid. You may see references to the “transaction hash” or “tx hash”; this should be understood as “unique identifier of the transaction”.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"hash (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"哈希",French:"hachage (nom)",German:"Hash",Indonesian:"hash (noun)",Italian:"hash (noun)",Korean:"해시(명사)",Persian:"هش","Brazilian Portuguese":"hash",Russian:"хэш",Spanish:"hash","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hash (pangngalan)",Thai:"แฮช",Turkish:"hash",Vietnamese:"mã băm (danh từ)",Arabic:"الهاش","Traditional Chinese":"雜湊",Dutch:"hash",Greek:"κατακερματισμός",Hindi:"हैश (नाउन)",Hungarian:"hash",Japanese:"ハッシュ",Polish:"Hasz / skrót",Ukrainian:"хеш"}},"hexadecimal; 'hex data'":{term:"hexadecimal; 'hex data'",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hexadecimal is a base 16, rather than base 10, counting system. Used all over Ethereum for a variety of things, a hexadecimal string is comprised of the numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and letters A B C D E F.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hexadecimal; 'hex data'","Simplified Chinese":"十六进制；“十六进制数据”",French:"hexadécimal ; « données hexadécimales »",German:"hexadezimal; ‚Hex-Daten‘",Indonesian:"heksadesimal; data hex",Italian:"esadecimale; 'dati esadecimali'",Korean:"16진수; '헥스 데이터'",Persian:"شانزده‌شماری؛ داده‌های هگز","Brazilian Portuguese":"hexadecimal; dados hexa",Russian:"шестнадцатеричный; 'шестнадцатеричные данные'",Spanish:"hexadecimal; datos hexadecimales","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hexadecimal; 'hex na data'",Thai:"เลขฐานสิบหก, ข้อมูลเลขฐานสิบหก",Turkish:"on altılık sayı; 'on altılı veri'",Vietnamese:"thập lục phân; dữ liệu thập lục phân",Arabic:"السداسي عشري؛ بيانات سداسية","Traditional Chinese":"十六進位",Dutch:"hexadecimaal; hexadecimale data",Greek:"Δεκαεξαδικά δεδομένα",Hindi:"हेक्साडेसिमल; 'हेक्स डेटा'",Hungarian:"hexadecimális; „hex adat”",Japanese:"16進数; '16進データ'",Polish:"System szesnastkowy / heksadecymalny",Ukrainian:"шістнадцятковий; шістнадцяткові дані"}},"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet":{term:"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hierarchical Deterministic wallets were first created for Bitcoin, and enable the creation of a very large number of accounts based on an initial seed phrase. This technology was later adopted in Ethereum wallets; when restoring a MetaMask wallet from the Secret Recovery Phrase, for example, if you 'create' accounts, they will be the same accounts as previously created from that same phrase; they are derived from it.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet","Simplified Chinese":"分层确定性（HD）钱包",French:"Portefeuille déterministe hiérarchique (HD)",German:"Hierarchisch-deterministisches (HD) Wallet",Indonesian:"Dompet Deterministik Hierarkis (HD)",Italian:"Wallet gerarchico deterministico (HD)",Korean:"계층 결정적(HD) 지갑",Persian:"کیف پول قطعی سلسله مراتبی (HD)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Carteira hierárquica determinística (HD)",Russian:"Иерархически детерминированный (ИД) кошелек",Spanish:"monedero determinista jerárquico (HD)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) na wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ตมีลำดับชั้น (HD)",Turkish:"Hiyerarşik Belirleyici (HD) cüzdan",Vietnamese:"Ví phân cấp xác định (HD)",Arabic:"محفظة هرمية حتمية (HD)","Traditional Chinese":"分層確定式錢包",Dutch:"HD-wallet (hierarchical deterministic wallet)",Greek:"Ιεραρχικά ντετερμινιστικά πορτοφόλια (HD)",Hindi:"हायरार्कीकल डिटरमिनिस्टिक (HD) वॉलेट",Hungarian:"hierarchikus determinisztikus (HD) pénztárca",Japanese:"階層型決定性 (HD) ウォレット",Polish:"Portfel HD (hierarchiczno-deterministyczny)",Ukrainian:"Ієрархічний детермінований (HD) гаманець"}},"hot storage":{term:"hot storage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Synonymous with 'hot wallet'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hot storage","Simplified Chinese":"热存储",French:"stockage connecté",German:"Hot Storage",Indonesian:"hot storage",Italian:"hot storage",Korean:"핫 스토리지",Persian:"ذخیره‌سازی گرم","Brazilian Portuguese":"hot storage",Russian:"горячее хранилище",Spanish:"almacenamiento en caliente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mainit na imbakan",Thai:"ที่เก็บเงินระยะสั้น",Turkish:"sıcak depolama",Vietnamese:"kho nóng",Arabic:"تخزين ساخن","Traditional Chinese":"熱儲存",Dutch:"warme opslag/hot storage",Greek:"θερμή αποθήκευση",Hindi:"हॉट स्टोरेज",Hungarian:"meleg tárolás",Japanese:"ホットストレージ",Polish:"Gorący portfel (hot wallet)",Ukrainian:"гаряче сховище"}},"hot wallet":{term:"hot wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A wallet that is directly connected to the internet at all times; for example, one that is held on a centralized exchange. Hot wallets are considered to have lower security than cold storage systems or hardware wallets.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"hot wallet","Simplified Chinese":"热钱包",French:"portefeuille connecté",German:"Hot Wallet",Indonesian:"hot wallet",Italian:"hot wallet",Korean:"핫월렛",Persian:"کیف پول گرم","Brazilian Portuguese":"hot wallet",Russian:"горячий кошелек",Spanish:"monedero en caliente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mainit na wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ตเงินร้อน",Turkish:"sıcak cüzdan",Vietnamese:"ví nóng",Arabic:"محفظة ساخنة","Traditional Chinese":"熱錢包",Dutch:"warme wallet/warme opslag/hot wallet",Greek:"ζεστό πορτοφόλι",Hindi:"हॉट वॉलेट",Hungarian:"forró pénztárca",Japanese:"ホットウォレット",Polish:"Gorący portfel (hot wallet)",Ukrainian:"гарячий гаманець"}},"Hybrid Network":{term:"Hybrid Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hybrid blockchain. See 'PoS/PoW Hybrid'",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Hybrid Network","Simplified Chinese":"混合网络",French:"Réseau hybride",German:"Hybrides Netzwerk",Indonesian:"Jaringan hybrid",Italian:"Rete ibrida",Korean:"하이브리드 네트워크",Persian:"شبکه هیبریدی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rede híbrida",Russian:"Гибридная сеть",Spanish:"red híbrida","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Hybrid Network",Thai:"เครือข่ายไฮบริด",Turkish:"Hibrit Ağ",Vietnamese:"Mạng lai",Arabic:"شبكة هجينة","Traditional Chinese":"混合區塊鏈",Dutch:"hybride netwerk",Greek:"Υβριδικό Δίκτυο",Hindi:"हाइब्रिड नेटवर्क",Hungarian:"hibrid hálózat",Japanese:"ハイブリッド型ネットワーク",Polish:"Sieć hybrydowa",Ukrainian:"Гібридна мережа"}},Hyperledger:{term:"Hyperledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hyperledger is an ecosystem of open-system tools, libraries, and products designed to enable and support enterprise-grade blockchain technology. In general, the products focus on creating solutions for permissioned blockchains--that is, non-public blockchains, with alternative consensus mechanisms other than Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS). That said, there are use cases where such institutions would want to integrate with public blockchains, and for that reason Hyperledger Besu and Hyperledger Burrow are actively developed projects, the former being a Java-based Ethereum client, the latter being a smart contract platform which supports EVM bytecode.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Hyperledger","Simplified Chinese":"超级账本",French:"Hyperledger",German:"Hyperledger",Indonesian:"Hyperledger",Italian:"Hyperledger",Korean:"하이퍼레저",Persian:"هایپرلجر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Hyperledger",Russian:"Гиперледжер",Spanish:"Hyperledger","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Hyperledger",Thai:"Hyperledger",Turkish:"Hyperledger",Vietnamese:"Hyperledger",Arabic:"مشروع هايبرليدجر","Traditional Chinese":"Hyperledger",Dutch:"Hyperledger",Greek:"Hyperledger",Hindi:"हाइपरलेजर (Hyperledger)",Hungarian:"Hyperledger",Japanese:"Hyperledger",Polish:"Hyperledger",Ukrainian:"Hyperledger"}},ICO:{term:"ICO",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Initial Coin Offering (also called ICO) occurs when a new token project sells advance tokens in exchange for upfront capital. These have been a vehicle for fraud and scams, and as such are subject to ever-evolving regulation and legislation.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ICO","Simplified Chinese":"首次代币发行（ICO）",French:"offre au public de jetons (ICO)",German:"ICO",Indonesian:"ICO",Italian:"ICO",Korean:"ICO",Persian:"عرضه اولیه کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"ICO",Russian:"ICO",Spanish:"ICO","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ICO",Thai:"ICO",Turkish:"ICO",Vietnamese:"ICO",Arabic:"عرض العملة الأولي (ICO)","Traditional Chinese":"首次代幣發行",Dutch:"ICO",Greek:"Αρχική προσφορά νομισμάτων (ICO)",Hindi:"ICO",Hungarian:"ICO",Japanese:"ICO",Polish:"ICO (Initial Coin Offering)",Ukrainian:"ICO"}},"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon":{term:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The colorful blob of colors that corresponds to your address in MetaMask. It is an easy way to see if your address is correct. More specifically, you can choose between jazzicons (created by the MetaMask team!) or blockies.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon","Simplified Chinese":"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",French:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",German:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Indonesian:"Identikon / Identikon Alamat / Ikon Alamat",Italian:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Korean:"아이덴티콘 / 주소아이덴티콘 / 주소아이콘",Persian:"شناسه آیدنتیکان/آیدنتیکان آدرس/آیکون آدرس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Russian:"Идентикон / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Spanish:"identicon / identicon de dirección / ícono de dirección","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Thai:"ไอเดนทิคอน / แอดเดรสทิคอน / แอดเดรสไอคอน",Turkish:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Vietnamese:"Biểu tượng nhận dạng/Biểu tượng nhận dạng địa chỉ/Biểu tượng địa chỉ",Arabic:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon","Traditional Chinese":"識別",Dutch:"identicon/AddressIdenticon/AddressIcon",Greek:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Hindi:"आइडेंटआइकन / एड्रेसआइडेंटआइकन / एड्रेसआइकन",Hungarian:"Identicon/AddressIdenticon/AddressIcon",Japanese:"アイデンティコン / アドレスアイデンティコン / アドレスアイコン",Polish:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Ukrainian:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon"}},immutability:{term:"immutability",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The inability to be altered or changed. This is a key element of blockchain networks: once written onto a blockchain ledger, data cannot be altered. This immutability provides the basis for commerce and trade to take place on blockchain networks.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"immutability","Simplified Chinese":"不可篡改性",French:"immutabilité",German:"Unveränderlichkeit",Indonesian:"imutabilitas",Italian:"immutabilità",Korean:"불변성",Persian:"تغییرناپذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"imutabilidade",Russian:"неизменность",Spanish:"inmutabilidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kawalan ng pagbabago",Thai:"เปลี่ยนแปลงไม่ได้",Turkish:"Ölçeklendirilebilme çözümü",Vietnamese:"tính bất biến",Arabic:"عدم القابلية للتغير (الثبات)","Traditional Chinese":"不可修改",Dutch:"onveranderlijkheid",Greek:"αμεταβλητότητα",Hindi:"इमम्यूटेबिलिटी",Hungarian:"állandóság",Japanese:"耐改ざん性",Polish:"Niemodyfikowalność",Ukrainian:"незмінність"}},Infura:{term:"Infura",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Part of ConsenSys, Infura offers backend access to the Ethereum network over established HTTP and WebSockets technology. Prior to Infura, developers were obligated to run their own nodes of the networks with which they wanted to interact; Infura provides that access through a set of APIs. This enables developers of dapps and websites seeking to interact with the Ethereum blockchain to do so, and at scale. Infura",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Infura","Simplified Chinese":"Infura",French:"Infura",German:"Infura",Indonesian:"Infura",Italian:"Infura",Korean:"Infura",Persian:"اینفیورا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Infura",Russian:"Infura",Spanish:"Infura","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Infura",Thai:"Infura",Turkish:"Infura",Vietnamese:"Infura",Arabic:"Infura","Traditional Chinese":"Infura",Dutch:"Infura",Greek:"Infura",Hindi:"Infura",Hungarian:"Infura",Japanese:"Infura",Polish:"Infura",Ukrainian:"Infura"}},"Initial Public Offering (IPO)":{term:"Initial Public Offering (IPO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An initial public offering (IPO) is the process of a company offering shares for purchase on the stock market for the first time. IPO",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Initial Public Offering (IPO)","Simplified Chinese":"首次公开募股（IPO）",French:"Introduction en bourse (IPO)",German:"Börsengang (IPO)",Indonesian:"Penawaran Publik Perdana (IPO)",Italian:"Initial Public Offering (IPO)",Korean:"기업공개(IPO)",Persian:"عرضه اولیه سهام (IPO)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Oferta pública inicial (IPO)",Russian:"Первичное публичное предложение (IPO)",Spanish:"oferta pública inicial (OPI)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Initial Public Offering (IPO)",Thai:"การเสนอขายทั่วไปครั้งแรก (IPO)",Turkish:"İlk Halka Arz (IPO)",Vietnamese:"Phát hành công khai lần đầu (IPO)",Arabic:"الاكتتاب العام الأولي (IPO)","Traditional Chinese":"首次公開募股",Dutch:"beursgang/IPO (initial public offering)",Greek:"Αρχική Δημόσια Προσφορά (IPO)",Hindi:"इनिशियल पब्लिक ऑफरिंग (IPO)",Hungarian:"első nyilvános ajánlattétel (IPO)",Japanese:"新規株式公開 (IPO)",Polish:"IPO (pierwsza oferta publiczna)",Ukrainian:"Первинне публічне розміщення (IPO)"}},"Insider Trading":{term:"Insider Trading",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Insider trading happens when someone purchases or sells stocks while possessing private, material information about that stock. Insider Trading",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Insider Trading","Simplified Chinese":"内幕交易",French:"Délit d’initié",German:"Insiderhandel",Indonesian:"Trading Orang Dalam",Italian:"Insider Trading",Korean:"내부자 거래",Persian:"معاملات نهانی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Negociação privilegiada",Russian:"Инсайдерская торговля",Spanish:"información privilegiada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Insider Trading",Thai:"การใช้ข้อมูลภายใน",Turkish:"İçeriden Öğrenenlerin Ticareti",Vietnamese:"Giao dịch nội gián",Arabic:"تداول المُطلعين","Traditional Chinese":"內線交易",Dutch:"handel met voorkennis",Greek:"Εσωτερική πληροφόρηση",Hindi:"Insider Trading",Hungarian:"bennfentes kereskedelem",Japanese:"インサイダー取引",Polish:"Insider trading",Ukrainian:"Інсайдерська торгівля"}},"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol":{term:"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) is a communication protocol that allows different blockchains to relay messages to each other. It guarantees reliable, ordered and authenticated communication between the chains. Blockchains can trustlessly exchange value like tokens. IBC does not work like a bridge. Instead, blockchains send packets of information via smart contracts that allow them to not only exchange value but relay any form of data, such as communication, via the communication protocol. Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC)",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol","Simplified Chinese":"跨链通信（IBC）协议",French:"Protocole de communication entre chaînes de blocs (IBC)",German:"Inter-Blockchain-Kommunikationsprotokoll (IBC)",Indonesian:"Protokol Komunikasi Antar-Blockchain (IBC)",Italian:"Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC)",Korean:"블록체인 간 통신(IBC) 프로토콜",Persian:"پروتکل ارتباط بین بلاکچینی (IBC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Protocolo de comunicação interblockchain (IBC)",Russian:"Протокол межблокчейновой коммуникации (IBC)",Spanish:"Protocolo de comunicación entre cadenas de bloques (IBC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Protocol ng Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC)",Thai:"โพรโตคอลการสื่อสารระหว่างบล็อกเชน (IBC)",Turkish:"Blokzincirleri Arasında İletişim (IBC) Protokolü",Vietnamese:"Giao thức truyền thông liên chuỗi khối (IBC)",Arabic:"بروتوكول الاتصال بين شبكات البلوكتشين (IBC)","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈間通訊",Dutch:"IBC-protocol (inter-blockchain communication)",Greek:"Πρωτοκόλλου επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των Blockchain (IBC)",Hindi:"इंटर-ब्लॉकचेन कम्युनिकेशन (IBC) प्रोटोकॉल",Hungarian:"blokkláncok közötti kommunikációs (IBC) protokoll",Japanese:"ブロックチェーン間通信 (IBC) プロトコル",Polish:"Protokół IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication)",Ukrainian:"Протокол міжблочного зв'язку (IBC)"}},"internal transaction":{term:"internal transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An internal transaction on the Ethereum network is one that occurs between smart contracts, rather than between addresses. Notably, they are not included on the blockchain, and therefore do not incur gas fees, but they are often crucial to carrying out the action in question, and can be viewed on Etherscan. For more detail, see MetaMask's article on the topic: Internal Transactions",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"internal transaction","Simplified Chinese":"内部交易",French:"transaction interne",German:"Interne Transaktion",Indonesian:"transaksi internal",Italian:"transazione interna",Korean:"내부 거래",Persian:"تراکنش داخلی","Brazilian Portuguese":"transação interna",Russian:"внутренняя транзакция",Spanish:"transacción interna","Filipino (Tagalog)":"panloob na transaksyon",Thai:"ธุรกรรมภายใน",Turkish:"dahili işlem",Vietnamese:"giao dịch nội bộ",Arabic:"معاملة داخلية","Traditional Chinese":"內部交易",Dutch:"interne transactie",Greek:"εσωτερική συναλλαγή",Hindi:"इंटरनल ट्रांसेक्शन",Hungarian:"belső tranzakció",Japanese:"内部トランザクション",Polish:"Transakcja wewnętrzna",Ukrainian:"внутрішня транзакція"}},Interoperability:{term:"Interoperability",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Blockchain interoperability, or cross-chain interoperability, is the ability to see and share information across multiple blockchains. One of the clear benefits of blockchain interoperability is being able to trade assets across various blockchains without the need for a centralized, custodial exchange. Interoperability",termCategory:"Financial term",i18n:{Term:"Interoperability","Simplified Chinese":"互操作性",French:"Interopérabilité",German:"Interoperabilität",Indonesian:"Interpolaritas",Italian:"Interoperabilità",Korean:"상호운용성",Persian:"تعامل‌‌پذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"interoperabilidade",Russian:"Совместимость",Spanish:"interoperabilidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Interoperability",Thai:"ความสอดประสาน",Turkish:"Birlikte Çalışabilirlik",Vietnamese:"Khả năng tương tác",Arabic:"قابلية التشغيل البيني","Traditional Chinese":"互操作性",Dutch:"interoperabiliteit",Greek:"Διαλειτουργικότητα",Hindi:"Interoperability",Hungarian:"interoperabilitás",Japanese:"相互運用性",Polish:"Interoperacyjność",Ukrainian:"Інтероперабельність"}},"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)":{term:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A decentralized file storage and referencing system for the Ethereum blockchain, and the internet as a whole. IFPS is an open source protocol that enables storing and sharing hypermedia (text, audio, visual) in a distributed manner without relying on a single point of failure. This distributed file system enables applications to run faster, safer and more transparently.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)","Simplified Chinese":"星际文件系统（IPFS）",French:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",German:"InterPlanetary-Dateisystem (IPFS)",Indonesian:"Sistem File Interplanetary (IPFS)",Italian:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Korean:"행성 간 파일 시스템(IPFS)",Persian:"فایل سیستم بین سیاره‌ای (IPFS)","Brazilian Portuguese":"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Russian:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Spanish:"sistema de archivos interplanetario (IPFS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Thai:"ระบบไฟล์ InterPlanetary (IPFS)",Turkish:"Gezegenler Arası Dosya Sistemi (IPFS)",Vietnamese:"Hệ thống tệp phân tán ngang hàng (IPFS)",Arabic:"نظام الملفات إنتربلانتري (IPFS)","Traditional Chinese":"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Dutch:"IPFS (InterPlanetary File System)",Greek:"Διαπλανητικό Σύστημα Αρχείων (IPFS)",Hindi:"इंटरप्लेनेटरी फाइल सिस्टम (IPFS)",Hungarian:"Interplanetary File System (IPFS)",Japanese:"インタープラネタリーファイルシステム (IPFS)",Polish:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Ukrainian:"Міжпланетна файлова система (IPFS)"}},"IP address":{term:"IP address",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A unique string of characters that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"IP address","Simplified Chinese":"IP 地址",French:"Adresse IP",German:"IP-Adresse",Indonesian:"Alamat IP",Italian:"Indirizzo IP",Korean:"IP 주소",Persian:"آدرس آی‌پی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Endereço IP",Russian:"IP-адрес",Spanish:"dirección IP","Filipino (Tagalog)":"IP address",Thai:"เลขที่อยู่ IP",Turkish:"IP adresi",Vietnamese:"Địa chỉ IP",Arabic:"عنوان IP","Traditional Chinese":"IP 位置",Dutch:"IP-adres",Greek:"Διεύθυνση IP",Hindi:"आईपी ​​एड्रेस",Hungarian:"IP-cím",Japanese:"IP アドレス",Polish:"Adres IP",Ukrainian:"IP-адреса"}},"JSON file":{term:"JSON file",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an open standard file format for sharing data that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data. it is commonly used in public blockchain systems to move data.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"JSON file","Simplified Chinese":"JSON 文件",French:"Fichier JSON",German:"JSON-Datei",Indonesian:"File JSON",Italian:"File JSON",Korean:"JSON 파일",Persian:"فایل جیسون","Brazilian Portuguese":"Arquivo JSON",Russian:"JSON-файл",Spanish:"archivo JSON","Filipino (Tagalog)":"file na JSON",Thai:"ไฟล์ JSON",Turkish:"JSON dosyası",Vietnamese:"Tệp JSON",Arabic:"ملف JSON","Traditional Chinese":"JSON 資料",Dutch:"JSON-bestand",Greek:"Αρχείο JSON",Hindi:"JSON फ़ाइल",Hungarian:"JSO- fájl",Japanese:"JSON ファイル",Polish:"Plik JSON",Ukrainian:"Файл JSON"}},"JSON-RPC":{term:"JSON-RPC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"JSON-RPC is, quite simply, a method used to move data around computer systems, and predates public blockchain technology. It was chosen as a standard for moving data between blockchain networks and Internet browsers and wallets, with the result that these networks have come to be called 'RPC networks', despite JSON-RPC not being their defining technical feature.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"JSON-RPC","Simplified Chinese":"JSON-RPC",French:"JSON-RPC",German:"JSON-RPC",Indonesian:"JSON-RPC",Italian:"JSON-RPC",Korean:"JSON-RPC",Persian:"جیسون-RPC","Brazilian Portuguese":"JSON-RPC",Russian:"JSON-RPC",Spanish:"JSON-RPC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"JSON-RPC",Thai:"JSON-RPC",Turkish:"JSON-RPC",Vietnamese:"JSON-RPC",Arabic:"بروتوكول JSON-RPC","Traditional Chinese":"JSON-RPC",Dutch:"JSON-RPC",Greek:"JSON-RPC",Hindi:"JSON-RPC",Hungarian:"JSON-RPC",Japanese:"JSON-RPC",Polish:"JSON-RPC",Ukrainian:"JSON-RPC"}},"keystore file":{term:"keystore file",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A keystore file is a special, encrypted version of a private key in JSON format. See also 'private key'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"keystore file","Simplified Chinese":"密钥库文件",French:"fichier keystore",German:"Keystore-Datei",Indonesian:"file keystore",Italian:"file keystore",Korean:"키스토어 파일",Persian:"فایل کلید خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"arquivo keystore",Russian:"файл хранилища ключей",Spanish:"archivo keystore","Filipino (Tagalog)":"file ng keystore",Thai:"ไฟล์คีย์สโตร์",Turkish:"keystore dosyası",Vietnamese:"tệp lưu khóa",Arabic:"ملف تخزين المفاتيح","Traditional Chinese":"keystore 文件",Dutch:"keystore-bestand",Greek:"Αρχείο αποθήκευσης κλειδιών",Hindi:"कीस्टोर फ़ाइल",Hungarian:"kulcstároló fájl",Japanese:"キーストアファイル",Polish:"Plik keystore",Ukrainian:"файл сховища ключів"}},"Know Your Customer (KYC)":{term:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A process in which a business must verify the identity and background information (address, financial details, etc.) of their customers. For example, current regulations and laws require banks and other financial institutions to keep and report customers' personal information and transactions.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Know Your Customer (KYC)","Simplified Chinese":"实名认证（KYC）",French:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",German:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",Indonesian:"Prinsip Mengenal Nasabah (KYC)",Italian:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",Korean:"고객확인제도 (KYC)",Persian:"احراز هویت مشتری (KYC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Conheça seu cliente (KYC)",Russian:"«Знай своего клиента» (ЗСК)",Spanish:"conozca a su cliente (KYC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Know Your Customer (KYC)",Thai:"การรู้จักลูกค้า (KYC)",Turkish:"Müşterini Tanı (KYC)",Vietnamese:"Xác minh danh tính khách hàng (KYC)",Arabic:"التحقق من هوية العميل (KYC)","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的客戶",Dutch:"KYC (know your customer)",Greek:"Γνωρίστε τον πελάτη σας (KYC)",Hindi:"अपने ग्राहक को जानें (KYC)",Hungarian:"Ismerd a vásárlód (IAV)",Japanese:"本人確認 (KYC)",Polish:"Poznaj swojego klienta (KYC – Know Your Customer)",Ukrainian:"Знай свого клієнта (KYC)"}},"Know Your Transaction":{term:"Know Your Transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Know Your Transaction (KYT) is a process employed by financial institutions to monitor the merchants' businesses through the analysis of transaction data.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Know Your Transaction","Simplified Chinese":"交易监控（KYT）",French:"Know Your Transaction",German:"Know Your Transaction",Indonesian:"Prinsip Mengenal Transaksi",Italian:"Know Your Transaction",Korean:"고객거래확인",Persian:"شناسایی مبدأ تراکنش‌ها","Brazilian Portuguese":"Conheça sua transação",Russian:"«Знай свою транзакцию»",Spanish:"conozca su transacción (KYT)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Know Your Transaction",Thai:"การรู้จักธุรกรรม",Turkish:"İşlemini Tanı",Vietnamese:"Xác minh giao dịch",Arabic:"التحقق من المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的交易",Dutch:"KYT (know your transaction)",Greek:"Μάθετε τη συναλλαγή σας",Hindi:"Know Your Transaction",Hungarian:"Ismerd a tranzakciód (IAT)",Japanese:"トランザクション監視",Polish:"Poznaj swoją transakcję (KYT – Know Your Transaction)",Ukrainian:"Знай свою транзакцію"}},Kovan:{term:"Kovan",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; Kovan test network has been deprecated. Ethereum used to have four testnets: Ropsten, Rinkeby, Goerli, and Kovan (Kiln was also added for specific purposes relating to the Merge in 2022). However, after the Merge occurred on September 15th 2022, most of the existing testnets began being deprecated (taken out of service). They may still work, but could be unreliable. Sepolia and Goerli are now the only two available.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Kovan","Simplified Chinese":"Kovan",French:"Kovan",German:"Kovan",Indonesian:"Kovan",Italian:"Kovan",Korean:"코반",Persian:"کوان","Brazilian Portuguese":"Kovan",Russian:"Kovan",Spanish:"Kovan","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Kovan",Thai:"Kovan",Turkish:"Kovan",Vietnamese:"Kovan",Arabic:"كوفان","Traditional Chinese":"Kovan",Dutch:"Kovan",Greek:"Kovan",Hindi:"Kovan",Hungarian:"Kovan",Japanese:"Kovan",Polish:"Kovan",Ukrainian:"Kovan"}},KYC:{term:"KYC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Know Your Customer'.",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"KYC","Simplified Chinese":"KYC（实名认证）",French:"KYC",German:"KYC",Indonesian:"KYC",Italian:"KYC",Korean:"KYC",Persian:"KYC","Brazilian Portuguese":"KYC",Russian:"ЗСК",Spanish:"KYC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"KYC",Thai:"KYC",Turkish:"KYC",Vietnamese:"KYC",Arabic:"اعرف عميلك (KYC)","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的客戶",Dutch:"KYC",Greek:"KYC (Γνωρίστε τον πελάτη σας)",Hindi:"KYC",Hungarian:"KYC",Japanese:"KYC",Polish:"KYC",Ukrainian:"KYC"}},KYT:{term:"KYT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Know Your Transaction'.",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"KYT","Simplified Chinese":"KYT（交易监控）",French:"KYT",German:"KYT",Indonesian:"KYT",Italian:"KYT",Korean:"KYT",Persian:"KYT","Brazilian Portuguese":"KYT",Russian:"ЗСТ",Spanish:"KYT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"KYT",Thai:"KYT",Turkish:"KYT",Vietnamese:"KYT",Arabic:"اعرف معاملتك (KYT)","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的交易",Dutch:"KYT",Greek:"KYT(Μάθετε τη συναλλαγή σας)",Hindi:"KYT",Hungarian:"KYT",Japanese:"KYT",Polish:"KYT",Ukrainian:"KYT"}},latency:{term:"Latency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of Network latency: refers to the amount of time it takes for a computer on one network to communicate with a computer on another network. Network latency",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Latency","Simplified Chinese":"延迟",French:"Latence",German:"Latenz",Indonesian:"Latensi",Italian:"Latenza",Korean:"지연 시간",Persian:"تاخیر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Latência",Russian:"Задержка",Spanish:"latencia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Latency",Thai:"ความหน่วง",Turkish:"Gecikme",Vietnamese:"Độ trễ",Arabic:"زمن الاستجابة","Traditional Chinese":"延遲",Dutch:"latentie",Greek:"Καθυστέρηση",Hindi:"लेटेंसी",Hungarian:"késleltetés",Japanese:"レイテンシー",Polish:"Latencja / opóźnienie",Ukrainian:"Затримка"}},Lattice1:{term:"Lattice1",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Lattice1 is a powerful, secure, and user-friendly hardware wallet that allows you to manage an unlimited number of wallets and easily transact on the blockchain.",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"Lattice1","Simplified Chinese":"Lattice1",French:"Lattice1",German:"Lattice1",Indonesian:"Lattice1",Italian:"Lattice1",Korean:"래티스 1",Persian:"لتیس 1","Brazilian Portuguese":"Lattice1",Russian:"Lattice1",Spanish:"Lattice1","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lattice1",Thai:"Lattice1",Turkish:"Lattice1",Vietnamese:"Lattice1",Arabic:"محفظة Lattice1","Traditional Chinese":"Lattice1",Dutch:"Lattice1",Greek:"Lattice1",Hindi:"Lattice1",Hungarian:"Lattice1",Japanese:"Lattice1",Polish:"Lattice1",Ukrainian:"Lattice1"}},Launchpad:{term:"Launchpad",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Launchpad is the Ethereum Foundation's official way to deposit your ETH for staking on Ethereum. Ethereum Launchpad",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"Launchpad","Simplified Chinese":"Launchpad",French:"Launchpad",German:"Launchpad",Indonesian:"Launchpad",Italian:"Launchpad",Korean:"런치패드",Persian:"لانچ‌پد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Launchpad",Russian:"Лаунчпад",Spanish:"plataforma de lanzamiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Launchpad",Thai:"Launchpad",Turkish:"Launchpad",Vietnamese:"Launchpad",Arabic:"منصة الإطلاق","Traditional Chinese":"Launchpad",Dutch:"Launchpad",Greek:"Launchpad",Hindi:"लॉन्चपैड",Hungarian:"Launchpad",Japanese:"ローンチパッド",Polish:"Launchpad",Ukrainian:"Панель запуску"}},"layer 0":{term:"Layer 0",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Layer 0 in blockchain refers to the underlying infrastructure that supports the blockchain network. It includes the physical hardware, such as computers, servers, and other network components, as well as the software protocols that govern the interactions between the nodes in the network. In other words, Layer 0 is the foundation upon which the blockchain network is built. It provides the necessary resources and technical capabilities for the network to function, such as computing power, storage, and network connectivity. Layer 0 is essential to the operation and security of the blockchain network, as it ensures that data is transmitted and stored correctly and securely across the network. Layer 0 is sometimes also referred to as 'Layer Zero' or 'L0'. It is important to note that the concept of Layer 0 is not unique to blockchain technology, but is a more general term used to describe the physical and technical infrastructure underlying any type of computer network.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Layer 0","Simplified Chinese":"零层",French:"Couche 0",German:"Layer 0",Indonesian:"Layer 0",Italian:"Layer 0",Korean:"레이어 0",Persian:"لایه 0","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada 0",Russian:"Слой 0",Spanish:"capa 0","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer 0",Thai:"เลเยอร์ 0",Turkish:"Katman 0",Vietnamese:"Lớp 0",Arabic:"الطبقة 0","Traditional Chinese":"數據傳輸層",Dutch:"layer 0",Greek:"Επίπεδο 0",Hindi:"लेयर 0",Hungarian:"0. réteg",Japanese:"レイヤー 0",Polish:"Warstwa 0",Ukrainian:"Рівень 0"}},"layer 1":{term:"Layer 1",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Layer 1 in blockchain refers to the base layer of the blockchain protocol. It is the layer that contains the core elements of the blockchain, including the consensus mechanism, the data structure, and the rules that govern the creation and transfer of assets or tokens. In other words, Layer 1 is the foundation of the blockchain technology stack, upon which all other layers and applications are built. It is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the blockchain network and ensuring that all transactions are valid and secure. Layer 1 is designed to be decentralized, meaning that no single entity has control over the network. This is achieved through the use of consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), or other methods, which enable participants to reach agreement on the validity of transactions and the state of the network. Some examples of Layer 1 blockchain protocols include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, Avalanche.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Layer 1","Simplified Chinese":"一层公链",French:"Couche 1",German:"Layer 1",Indonesian:"Layer 1",Italian:"Layer 1",Korean:"레이어 1",Persian:"لایه 1","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada 1",Russian:"Слой 1",Spanish:"capa 1","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer 1",Thai:"เลเยอร์ 1",Turkish:"Katman 1",Vietnamese:"Lớp 1",Arabic:"الطبقة 1","Traditional Chinese":"鏈上擴容",Dutch:"layer 1",Greek:"Επίπεδο 1",Hindi:"लेयर 1",Hungarian:"1. réteg",Japanese:"レイヤー 1",Polish:"Warstwa 1",Ukrainian:"Рівень 1"}},"layer 2":{term:"Layer 2",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A Layer 2 network, or L2, is a blockchain that is built specifically to scale another network. For a full understanding of how this is achieved, see here. Some popular examples of this in the Ethereum ecosystem are Arbitrum, Optimism, and StarkNet. These chains are specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on Ethereum Mainnet for security functions, while optimizing for speed and scale. These networks are considered 'scaling solutions' while not being part of Ethereum's protocol-level scaling efforts. See also 'blockchain trilemma', 'modular blockchain', 'Serenity'. Contrast with 'sidechain'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Layer 2","Simplified Chinese":"二层公链",French:"Couche 2",German:"Layer 2",Indonesian:"Layer 2",Italian:"Layer 2",Korean:"레이어 2",Persian:"لایه 2","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada 2",Russian:"Слой 2",Spanish:"capa 2","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer 2",Thai:"เลเยอร์ 2",Turkish:"Katman 2",Vietnamese:"Lớp 2",Arabic:"الطبقة 2","Traditional Chinese":"鏈下擴容",Dutch:"layer 2",Greek:"Επίπεδο 2",Hindi:"लेयर 2",Hungarian:"2. réteg",Japanese:"レイヤー 2",Polish:"Warstwa 2",Ukrainian:"Рівень 2"}},"Learn; MetaMask Learn":{term:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. https://learn.metamask.io/",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Learn; MetaMask Learn","Simplified Chinese":"Learn；MetaMask Learn",French:"Learn ; MetaMask Learn",German:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Indonesian:"Learn; Metamask Learn",Italian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Korean:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Persian:"آموزش؛ آموزش متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Russian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Spanish:"Learn; MetaMask Learn","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Thai:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Turkish:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Vietnamese:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Arabic:"تعلم؛ MetaMask Learn","Traditional Chinese":"學習",Dutch:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Greek:"Εκμάθηση MetaMask",Hindi:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Hungarian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Japanese:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Polish:"Learn / MetaMask Learn",Ukrainian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn"}},Ledger:{term:"Ledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ledger","Simplified Chinese":"Ledger",French:"Ledger",German:"Ledger",Indonesian:"Ledger",Italian:"Ledger",Korean:"렛저",Persian:"لجر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ledger",Russian:"Ledger",Spanish:"Ledger","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ledger",Thai:"Ledger",Turkish:"Ledger",Vietnamese:"Ledger",Arabic:"محفظة Ledger","Traditional Chinese":"Ledger",Dutch:"Ledger",Greek:"Ledger",Hindi:"Ledger",Hungarian:"Ledger",Japanese:"Ledger",Polish:"Ledger",Ukrainian:"Ledger"}},"Ledger Live App":{term:"Ledger Live App",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ledger Live is a hardware wallet interface app for users of the Ledger Nano X, Ledger Nano S, and Ledger Blue. The app enables Ledger users to manage their cryptocurrency hardware and assets. Additionally, it features real-time price updates, multi-account management, and the convenience of an extremely simple setup process. Ledger Live combines the management of your individual crypto assets and device management into one interface, with the intention of gradually replacing the Chrome-based applications system that previously annoyed some users of the device.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ledger Live App","Simplified Chinese":"Ledger Live App",French:"Ledger Live App",German:"Ledger Live App",Indonesian:"Applikasi Ledger Live",Italian:"Ledger Live App",Korean:"렛저 라이브 앱",Persian:"برنامه Ledger Live","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ledger Live App",Russian:"Приложение Ledger Live",Spanish:"aplicación Ledger Live","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ledger Live App",Thai:"แอป Ledger Live",Turkish:"Ledger Live Uygulaması",Vietnamese:"Ứng dụng Ledger Live",Arabic:"تطبيق Ledger Live","Traditional Chinese":"Ledger Live App",Dutch:"Ledger Live App",Greek:"Ledger Live App",Hindi:"Ledger Live ऐप",Hungarian:"Ledger Live App",Japanese:"Ledger Live アプリ",Polish:"Ledger Live App",Ukrainian:"Додаток Ledger Live"}},Library:{term:"Library",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development. These may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. Software Library",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Library","Simplified Chinese":"软件库",French:"Bibliothèque",German:"Bibliothek",Indonesian:"Library",Italian:"Libreria",Korean:"라이브러리",Persian:"کتابخانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Biblioteca",Russian:"Библиотека",Spanish:"biblioteca","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Library",Thai:"ไลบรารี",Turkish:"Kitaplık",Vietnamese:"Thư viện",Arabic:"المكتبة","Traditional Chinese":"函式庫",Dutch:"bibliotheek",Greek:"Βιβλιοθήκη",Hindi:"लाइब्रेरी",Hungarian:"könyvtár",Japanese:"ライブラリ",Polish:"Biblioteka",Ukrainian:"Бібліотека"}},Lido:{term:"Lido",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Lido is a liquid staking protocol for Ethereum that allows users with less than 32 ETH to collectively fund new validators and receive rewards.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Lido","Simplified Chinese":"Lido",French:"Lido",German:"Lido",Indonesian:"Lido",Italian:"Lido",Korean:"리도",Persian:"لیدو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Lido",Russian:"Lido",Spanish:"Lido","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lido",Thai:"Lido",Turkish:"Lido",Vietnamese:"Lido",Arabic:"بروتوكول Lido","Traditional Chinese":"Lido",Dutch:"Lido",Greek:"Lido",Hindi:"Lido",Hungarian:"Lido",Japanese:"Lido",Polish:"Lido",Ukrainian:"Lido"}},"light client":{term:"light client",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing, a 'client' is a software that runs or accesses a program made available by a remote computer. With blockchain networks, then, clients are the programs that sync blockchain data and participate in network consensus. More often and more specifically, 'Layer 2' is used as a noun, to refer to a type of network that is specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on Ethereum mainnet for security functions, and optimizing for speed and scale. Examples include Arbitrum and Optimism; this is different from a 'sidechain', which is a network that has its own security mechanism, yet still allows compatibility and bridging of assets between itself and Ethereum.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"light client","Simplified Chinese":"轻客户端",French:"client léger",German:"Light Client",Indonesian:"klien ringan",Italian:"client leggero",Korean:"라이트 클라이언트",Persian:"گیرنده سبک","Brazilian Portuguese":"cliente leve",Russian:"легкий клиент",Spanish:"cliente ligero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"magaan na kliyente",Thai:"ไลต์ไคลเอ็นต์",Turkish:"hafif istemci",Vietnamese:"ứng dụng nhẹ",Arabic:"عقدة بسيطة","Traditional Chinese":"light client",Dutch:"light client",Greek:"light client",Hindi:"लाइट क्लाइंट",Hungarian:"könnyű kliens",Japanese:"ライトクライアント",Polish:"Lekki klient",Ukrainian:"легкий клієнт"}},"Lightning Network":{term:"Lightning Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Lightning Network is a second layer for Bitcoin that uses micropayment channels to scale the blockchain’s capability to conduct transactions more efficiently. This layer consists of multiple payment channels between parties or Bitcoin users. A Lightning Network channel is a transaction mechanism between two parties. Using channels, the parties can make or receive payments from each other. Transactions conducted on the Lightning Network are faster, less costly, and more readily confirmed than those conducted directly on the Bitcoin blockchain.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Lightning Network","Simplified Chinese":"Lightning Network",French:"Lightning Network",German:"Lightning Network",Indonesian:"Lightning Network",Italian:"Lightning Network",Korean:"라이트닝 네트워크",Persian:"شبکه لایتنینگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Lightning Network",Russian:"Сеть Lightning",Spanish:"Lightning Network","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lightning Network",Thai:"Lightning Network",Turkish:"Lightning Network",Vietnamese:"Lightning Network",Arabic:"شبكة البرق (Lightning Network)","Traditional Chinese":"Lightning Network",Dutch:"Lightning Network",Greek:"Lightning Network",Hindi:"लाइटनिंग नेटवर्क",Hungarian:"villámgyors hálózat",Japanese:"ライトニングネットワーク",Polish:"Lightning Network",Ukrainian:"Мережа Lightning"}},"liquid democracy (delegative democracy)":{term:"Liquid Democracy (Delegative Democracy)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A government system where votes can be delegated or proxied to other individuals such as friends, politicians, or subject matter experts. For example, in a liquid democracy, Bernadette could give Ahmad her vote and Ahmad would then vote for both himself and Bernadette. Liquid democracy is used at times as a governance mechanism for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) wherein every participant is able to vote or delegate their vote to another individual.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Liquid Democracy (Delegative Democracy)","Simplified Chinese":"委任式民主",French:"Démocratie liquide (démocratie délégative)",German:"Liquid Democracy (Delegative Democracy)",Indonesian:"Demokrasi Likuid (Demograsi Delegatif)",Italian:"Democrazia liquida (Democrazia delegata)",Korean:"유동성 민주주의(위임 민주주의)",Persian:"دموکراسی نقدینگی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Democracia líquida (democracia delegativa)",Russian:"Ликвидная демократия (делегативная демократия)",Spanish:"democracia líquida (democracia delegativa)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Liquid Democracy (Delegatibong Demokrasya)",Thai:"ประชาธิปไตยแบบลื่นไหล (ประชาธิปไตยแบบมอบอำนาจ)",Turkish:"Akışkan Demokrasi (Delege Demokrasisi)",Vietnamese:"Dân chủ linh hoạt (Dân chủ đại diện)",Arabic:"الديمقراطية التفويضية","Traditional Chinese":"流動式民主",Dutch:"liquid democracy (gedelegeerde democratie)",Greek:"Ρέουσα Δημοκρατία (Εκχωρητική Δημοκρατία)",Hindi:"लिक्विड डेमोक्रेसी (डेलीगेटिव डेमोक्रेसी)",Hungarian:"likvid demokrácia (delegatív demokrácia)",Japanese:"液体民主主義 (委任型民主主義)",Polish:"Demokracja płynna",Ukrainian:"Ліквідна демократія (делегативна демократія)"}},liquidation:{term:"Liquidation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Liquidation happens when a trader has insufficient funds to keep a leveraged trade open. Liquidation",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Liquidation","Simplified Chinese":"清算",French:"Liquidation",German:"Liquidation",Indonesian:"Likuidasi",Italian:"Liquidazione",Korean:"청산",Persian:"لیکوئید شدن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Liquidação",Russian:"Ликвидность",Spanish:"liquidación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Liquidation",Thai:"การชำระบัญชี",Turkish:"Likidasyon",Vietnamese:"Thanh lý",Arabic:"تصفية","Traditional Chinese":"清算",Dutch:"liquidatie",Greek:"Ρευστοποίηση",Hindi:"Liquidation",Hungarian:"felszámolás",Japanese:"清算",Polish:"Likwidacja",Ukrainian:"Ліквідація"}},liquidity:{term:"liquidity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An asset is considered more ‘liquid’ if it can easily be converted into cash, and therefore, ‘liquidity’ refers to the availability of assets to a company or market. Conversely, the harder it is to turn an asset into cash, the more illiquid the asset. For example, stocks are considered relatively liquid assets, as they can be easily converted to cash, while real estate is considered an illiquid asset. The liquidity of an asset affects its risk potential and market price.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"liquidity","Simplified Chinese":"流动性",French:"liquidités",German:"Liquidität",Indonesian:"likuiditas",Italian:"liquidità",Korean:"유동성",Persian:"نقدشوندگی","Brazilian Portuguese":"liquidez",Russian:"ликвидность",Spanish:"liquidez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"liquidity",Thai:"สภาพคล่อง",Turkish:"likidite",Vietnamese:"thanh khoản",Arabic:"السيولة","Traditional Chinese":"流動性",Dutch:"liquiditeit",Greek:"ρευστότητα",Hindi:"लिक्विडिटी",Hungarian:"likviditás",Japanese:"流動性",Polish:"Płynność",Ukrainian:"ліквідність"}},"liquidity pool":{term:"liquidity pool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A liquidity pool is a crowdsourced pool of cryptocurrencies or tokens locked in a smart contract that is used to facilitate trades between the assets on a decentralized exchange (DEX). Instead of traditional markets of buyers and sellers, many decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms use automated market makers (AMMs), which allow digital assets to be traded in an automatic and permissionless manner through the use of liquidity pools.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"liquidity pool","Simplified Chinese":"流动性池",French:"pool de liquidités",German:"Liquiditätspool",Indonesian:"pool likuiditas",Italian:"pool di liquidità",Korean:"유동성 풀",Persian:"استخر نقدینگی","Brazilian Portuguese":"pool de liquidez",Russian:"пул ликвидности",Spanish:"fondo de liquidez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pool ng liquidity",Thai:"พูลสภาพคล่อง",Turkish:"likidite havuzu",Vietnamese:"bể thanh khoản",Arabic:"تجمع السيولة","Traditional Chinese":"流動性池",Dutch:"liquiditeitspool",Greek:"δεξαμενή ρευστότητας",Hindi:"लिक्विडिटी पूल",Hungarian:"likviditási pool",Japanese:"流動性プール",Polish:"Pula płynności",Ukrainian:"пул ліквідності"}},"liquidity staking":{term:"liquidity staking",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Liquid staking allows users to stake tokens and simultaneously use them in the DeFi ecosystem. This is made possible by wrapping the staked tokens and providing users with a wrapped token that is a claim on the underlying collateral. The wrapped tokens can be transferred and generate yield. Liquid staking permits users to stake and unstake their coins without being beholden to a lock-up period. It thus enables greater capital efficiency and increased liquidity on proof-of-stake blockchains, allowing users to maximize the benefits of staking and DeFi simultaneously. Furthermore, liquid staking enhances network security on PoS chains.",termCategory:"Financial term",i18n:{Term:"liquidity staking","Simplified Chinese":"流动性质押",French:"staking liquide",German:"Liquiditätsstaking",Indonesian:"staking likuiditas",Italian:"staking di liquidità",Korean:"유동성 스테이킹",Persian:"سپرده‌گذاری نقدشونده","Brazilian Portuguese":"staking de liquidez",Russian:"стейкинг ликвидности",Spanish:"staking de liquidez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagtaya ng liquidity",Thai:"ฝากสภาพคล่อง",Turkish:"likidite staking",Vietnamese:"ký gửi thanh khoản",Arabic:"ربط السيولة","Traditional Chinese":"流動性質押",Dutch:"liquiditeit staken",Greek:"ρευστότητα μεριδίου",Hindi:"लिक्विडिटी स्टेकिंग",Hungarian:"likviditási részesedés",Japanese:"流動性ステーキング",Polish:"Liquidity staking",Ukrainian:"ліквідний стекінг"}},Low:{term:"Low",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'gas fees', Low is a category that allows you to wait a bit longer and save money if you choose. There are 3 categories available in MetaMask: Low, Market, Aggressive Using Advanced Gas Controls",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Low","Simplified Chinese":"低级型",French:"Faible",German:"Niedrig",Indonesian:"Rendah",Italian:"Basse",Korean:"낮음",Persian:"پایین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Baixa",Russian:"Низкий",Spanish:"baja","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mababa",Thai:"ต่ำ",Turkish:"Düşük",Vietnamese:"Thấp",Arabic:"منخفضة","Traditional Chinese":"Low",Dutch:"laag",Greek:"Χαμηλότερη τιμή",Hindi:"कम",Hungarian:"alacsony",Japanese:"低",Polish:"Ostrożne podejście",Ukrainian:"Низький"}},mainnet:{term:"mainnet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The primary network where actual transactions take place on a specific distributed ledger. For example, The Ethereum Mainnet (capitalized in this case) is the public blockchain where network validation and transactions take place",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"mainnet","Simplified Chinese":"主网",French:"réseau principal Ethereum (mainnet)",German:"Mainnet",Indonesian:"mainnet",Italian:"mainnet",Korean:"메인넷",Persian:"شبکه اصلی","Brazilian Portuguese":"mainnet",Russian:"мейн-нет",Spanish:"red principal","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mainnet",Thai:"เครือข่ายหลัก",Turkish:"ana ağ",Vietnamese:"mạng chính",Arabic:"شبكة رئيسية (Mainnet)","Traditional Chinese":"主網",Dutch:"mainnet",Greek:"mainnet",Hindi:"मेननेट (mainnet)",Hungarian:"főháló",Japanese:"メインネット",Polish:"Mainnet",Ukrainian:"основна мережа"}},"Maker Protocol":{term:"Maker Protocol",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Maker Protocol, built on the Ethereum blockchain, enables users to create and hold currency. Current elements of the Maker Protocol are the DAI stable coin, Maker Vaults, and Voting. MakerDAO governs the Maker Protocol by deciding on key parameters (e.g., stability fees, collateral types and rates, etc.)",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Maker Protocol","Simplified Chinese":"稳定币协议",French:"Protocole Maker",German:"Maker Protocol",Indonesian:"Protokol Maker",Italian:"Maker Protocol",Korean:"메이커 프로토콜",Persian:"پروتکل‌ میکر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Maker Protocol",Russian:"Протокол Maker",Spanish:"protocolo Maker","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Maker Protocol",Thai:"Maker Protocol",Turkish:"Maker Protokolü",Vietnamese:"Giao thức Maker",Arabic:"بروتوكول Maker","Traditional Chinese":"Maker協議",Dutch:"Maker Protocol",Greek:"Maker Protocol",Hindi:"मेकर प्रोटोकॉल",Hungarian:"Maker Protocol",Japanese:"Maker プロトコル",Polish:"Protokół Maker",Ukrainian:"Протокол Maker"}},malware:{term:"Malware",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the user's computer security and privacy.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Malware","Simplified Chinese":"恶意软件",French:"Malware",German:"Malware",Indonesian:"Malware",Italian:"Malware",Korean:"맬웨어",Persian:"بدافزار","Brazilian Portuguese":"Malware",Russian:"Вредоносное программное обеспечение",Spanish:"software malicioso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Malware",Thai:"มัลแวร์",Turkish:"Kötü amaçlı yazılım",Vietnamese:"Phần mềm độc hại",Arabic:"برمجيات خبيثة","Traditional Chinese":"惡意軟體",Dutch:"malware",Greek:"Λογισμικό κακόβουλης λειτουργίας",Hindi:"मालवेयर",Hungarian:"rosszindulatú",Japanese:"マルウェア",Polish:"Złośliwe oprogramowanie",Ukrainian:"Шкідливе програмне забезпечення"}},"market cap":{term:"market cap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Short for 'market capitalization', this refers to the total value held in a particular industry, market, company, or asset. For a publicly traded company, the market cap is the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares. For Bitcoin or Ethereum, the total market cap is a reflection of the current existing supply times the market price.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"market cap","Simplified Chinese":"市值",French:"capitalisation boursière",German:"Marktkapitalisierung",Indonesian:"kap pasar",Italian:"capitalizzazione di mercato",Korean:"시가 총액",Persian:"ارزش بازار","Brazilian Portuguese":"capitalização de mercado",Russian:"рыночная капитализация",Spanish:"capitalización bursátil","Filipino (Tagalog)":"market cap",Thai:"มูลค่าตลาด",Turkish:"piyasa değeri",Vietnamese:"vốn hóa thị trường",Arabic:"القيمة السوقية","Traditional Chinese":"市值",Dutch:"marktkapitalisatie",Greek:"Επιχειρηματικά κεφάλαια",Hindi:"मार्केट कैप",Hungarian:"tőkepiac",Japanese:"時価総額",Polish:"Kapitalizacja rynkowa",Ukrainian:"ринкова капіталізація"}},"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)":{term:"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Originally known as Miner Extractable Value, MEV is a broad complex topic that refers to the inclusion, exclusion, and reordering of transactions within a block in order to extract more value from it, generally in excess of what a validator (or miner, on PoW networks) would earn from producing the block. MEV includes activities such as frontrunning, arbitrage, and what could be considered malicious actions to profit off of other users' transactions. This is a very active topic of research that is changing rapidly.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)","Simplified Chinese":"最大可提取价值（MEV）",French:"Valeur extractible maximum (MEV)",German:"Maximaler extrahierbarer Wert (MEV)",Indonesian:"Nilai yang Dapat Diekstrak Maksimal (MEV)",Italian:"Valore Massimo Estraibile (MEV)",Korean:"최대추출가능가치(MEV)",Persian:"حداکثر ارزش قابل استخراج (MEV)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Valor máximo extraível (MEV)",Russian:"Максимальная извлекаемая ценность (MEV)",Spanish:"valor máximo extraíble (MEV)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)",Thai:"มูลค่าที่สกัดได้สูงสุด (MEV)",Turkish:"Maksimal Çıkarılabilir Değer (MEV)",Vietnamese:"Giá trị có thể trích xuất tối đa (MEV)",Arabic:"القيمة القصوى القابلة للاستخراج (MEV)","Traditional Chinese":"最大可提取价值",Dutch:"MEV (maximal extractable value)",Greek:"Μέγιστη εξαγώγιμη αξία (MEV)",Hindi:"मैक्सिमम एक्सट्रैक्टेबल वैल्यू (MEV)",Hungarian:"maximális kinyerhető érték (MKE)",Japanese:"最大抽出可能価値 (MEV)",Polish:"MEV (maksymalna wartość możliwa do wydobycia)",Ukrainian:"Максимальна вилучена цінність (MEV)"}},"Maximum Priority Fee":{term:"Maximum Priority Fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The fee, or 'miner tip', goes to the validator or miner, and incentivizes them to prioritize your transaction.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Maximum Priority Fee","Simplified Chinese":"最大优先交易费用",French:"Frais de priorité maximum",German:"Maximale Prioritätsgebühr",Indonesian:"Biaya Prioritas Maksimum",Italian:"Tariffa prioritaria massima",Korean:"최대 우선 요금",Persian:"حداکثر کارمزد اولویت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa de prioridade máxima",Russian:"Максимальная плата за приоритет",Spanish:"tarifa de prioridad máxima","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pinakamataas na Bayad sa Priyoridad",Thai:"ค่าแซงคิวสูงสุด",Turkish:"Maksimum Öncelik Ücreti",Vietnamese:"Phí ưu tiên tối đa",Arabic:"رسوم الأولوية القصوى","Traditional Chinese":"最大優先級費用",Dutch:"maximale priority fee",Greek:"Μέγιστη χρέωση προτεραιότητας",Hindi:"मैक्सिमम प्रायोरिटी फी",Hungarian:"maximális elsőbbségi díj",Japanese:"最大優先手数料",Polish:"Maksymalna opłata za priorytet",Ukrainian:"Максимальна плата за пріоритет"}},"memory pool; mempool":{term:"memory pool; mempool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"a.k.a. Transaction Pool When a user submits a transaction to the Ethereum network–or many other networks based on Ethereum–the transaction goes into what’s known as a “transaction pool”, or “txpool” for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the blockchain. There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are “picked up” and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made. In Bitcoin, the transaction pool was referred to as the “memory pool”, or “mempool”, and often these terms are used interchangeably.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"memory pool; mempool","Simplified Chinese":"内存池（Mempool）",French:"pool de stockage des transactions ; mempool",German:"Memory Pool; Mempool",Indonesian:"pool memori; mempool",Italian:"pool di memoria; mempool",Korean:"메모리 풀; 멤풀",Persian:"استخر حافظه؛ ممپول","Brazilian Portuguese":"pool de memória; mempool",Russian:"пул памяти; мемпул",Spanish:"grupo de memoria; mempool","Filipino (Tagalog)":"memory pool; mempool",Thai:"พูลเมมโมรี่, เมมพูล",Turkish:"bellek havuzu; mempool",Vietnamese:"bể ghi nhớ giao dịch; bể nhớ giao dịch",Arabic:"تجمع المعاملات؛ mempool","Traditional Chinese":"内存池",Dutch:"memory pool; mempool",Greek:"mempool",Hindi:"मेमोरी पूल; mempool",Hungarian:"memóriatár; mempool",Japanese:"メモリープール; メムプール",Polish:"Mempool (pula pamięci)",Ukrainian:"пул пам'яті; мемпул"}},Merge:{term:"Merge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Finalized in September 2022, the Merge was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning Ethereum from a Proof of Work consensus model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the network live. This was successful, and reduced the network’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Merge (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"合并",French:"Fusion (nom)",German:"Merge",Indonesian:"Gabungan (noun)",Italian:"Merge (noun)",Korean:"병합(명사)",Persian:"ادغام","Brazilian Portuguese":"Fusão",Russian:"«Слияние»",Spanish:"fusión","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Merge (pangngalan)",Thai:"เมิร์ช",Turkish:"Birleştirme",Vietnamese:"Hợp nhất (danh từ)",Arabic:"دمج الإيثريوم (Merge)","Traditional Chinese":"合併",Dutch:"merge",Greek:"Συγχώνευση",Hindi:"मर्ज (Merge) (नाउन)",Hungarian:"egyesítés",Japanese:"「マージ」",Polish:"Merge",Ukrainian:"Злиття"}},"Merkle Patricia trie":{term:"Merkle Patricia trie",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Often referred to simply as a 'Merkle trie' (pronounced 'tree'), a Merkle Patricia trie is a data structure in which a single hash code function (see 'hash') splits into smaller branches. In a similar way to a family tree, where a parent branch splits into child branches, which are then extrapolated into grandchild branches, a Merkle Patricia trie keeps a record of the filiation and history of each element. This type of data structure enables for faster verification on a blockchain network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Merkle Patricia trie","Simplified Chinese":"梅克尔树",French:"Arbre de Merkle",German:"Merkle Patricia-Trie",Indonesian:"Merkle Patricia trie",Italian:"Trie di Patricia Merkle",Korean:"머클패트리샤트리",Persian:"درخت مرکل پاتریشیا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Merkle Patricia trie",Russian:"Дерево Меркла",Spanish:"árbol de Merkle Patricia trie","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Merkle Patricia trie",Thai:"ต้นไม้ Merkle Patricia",Turkish:"Merkle Patricia trie",Vietnamese:"Cây Merkle Patricia",Arabic:"ميركل باتريشيا تري","Traditional Chinese":"梅克爾樹",Dutch:"Merkle Patricia-trie",Greek:"Merkle Patricia trie",Hindi:"मर्कल पेट्रीसिया ट्राई (Merkle Patricia trie)",Hungarian:"Merkle Patricia trie",Japanese:"マークルパトリシアツリー",Polish:"Drzewo skrótów",Ukrainian:"Merkle Patricia trie"}},Mesh:{term:"Mesh",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ConsenSys Mesh is a network of loosely coupled, tightly aligned teams, products, and investments advancing the Ethereum ecosystem and the arrival of web3.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Mesh","Simplified Chinese":"Mesh",French:"Mesh",German:"Mesh",Indonesian:"Mesh",Italian:"Mesh",Korean:"메시",Persian:"مش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Mesh",Russian:"Mesh",Spanish:"Mesh","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mesh",Thai:"Mesh",Turkish:"Mesh",Vietnamese:"Mesh",Arabic:"Mesh","Traditional Chinese":"Mesh",Dutch:"mesh",Greek:"Mesh",Hindi:"Mesh",Hungarian:"háló",Japanese:"Mesh",Polish:"Mesh",Ukrainian:"Mesh"}},metadata:{term:"Metadata",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'NFT metadata': Metadata is 'data that provides information about other data' Metadata",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Metadata","Simplified Chinese":"元数据",French:"Métadonnées",German:"Metadaten",Indonesian:"Metadata",Italian:"Metadati",Korean:"메타데이터",Persian:"فراداده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Metadados",Russian:"Метаданные",Spanish:"metadatos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Metadata",Thai:"ข้อมูลเมต้า",Turkish:"Meta veri",Vietnamese:"Metadata",Arabic:"البيانات الوصفية","Traditional Chinese":"詮釋資料",Dutch:"metadata",Greek:"Metadata",Hindi:"मेटाडाटा",Hungarian:"Metaadatok",Japanese:"メタデータ",Polish:"Metadane",Ukrainian:"Метадані"}},MetaMask:{term:"MetaMask",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask, either in its mobile app form on iOS and Android, or in its browser extension form, is a tool to access and interact with blockchains and the decentralized web. It allows users to manage their digital identity and the permission of others to interact with that identity; its functions include that of a wallet, a dapp permissions manager, and access to token swaps. It is an open-source project that encourages developers from other projects to build on top of it through MetaMask Snaps.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask",French:"MetaMask",German:"MetaMask",Indonesian:"MetaMask",Italian:"MetaMask",Korean:"MetaMask",Persian:"متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask",Russian:"MetaMask",Spanish:"MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask",Thai:"MetaMask",Turkish:"MetaMask",Vietnamese:"MetaMask",Arabic:"MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask",Dutch:"MetaMask",Greek:"MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask",Hungarian:"MetaMask",Japanese:"MetaMask",Polish:"MetaMask",Ukrainian:"MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Bridge":{term:"MetaMask Bridge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Bridge: You can now access a curated, straightforward bridging experience in MetaMask Bridge, available at https://portfolio.metamask.io/bridge Only certain tokens and network combinations are available initially. MetaMask Bridge",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Bridge","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Bridge",French:"Passerelle Metamask",German:"MetaMask Bridge",Indonesian:"MetaMask Bridge",Italian:"MetaMask Bridge",Korean:"MetaMask 브릿지",Persian:"پل متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ponte da MetaMask",Russian:"Мост MetaMask",Spanish:"puente de MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Bridge",Thai:"MetaMask Bridge",Turkish:"MetaMask Köprüsü",Vietnamese:"Cầu MetaMask",Arabic:"جسر MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMaskMetaMask 跨鏈橋",Dutch:"MetaMask Bridge",Greek:"Γέφυρα MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask Bridge",Hungarian:"MetaMask Bridge",Japanese:"MetaMask Bridge",Polish:"MetaMask Bridge",Ukrainian:"Мост MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Community Platform":{term:"MetaMask Community Platform",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The MetaMask forums located at community.metamask.io MetaMask's community platform can be accessed here: MetaMask Community",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Community Platform","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask 社区平台",French:"Plateforme communautaire MetaMask",German:"MetaMask Community-Plattform",Indonesian:"Platform Komunitas MetaMask",Italian:"Piattaforma della Community di MetaMask",Korean:"MetaMask 커뮤니티 플랫폼",Persian:"پلتفرم انجمن متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Plataforma da Comunidade da MetaMask",Russian:"Платформа сообщества MetaMask",Spanish:"plataforma comunitaria de MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Platform ng Komunidad ng MetaMask",Thai:"แพลตฟอร์มชุมชน MetaMask",Turkish:"MetaMask Topluluk Platformu",Vietnamese:"Nền tảng cộng đồng MetaMask",Arabic:"منصة مجتمع MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 社群平台",Dutch:"MetaMask communityplatform",Greek:"Πλατφόρμα Κοινότητας MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask कम्युनिटी प्लेटफ़ॉर्म",Hungarian:"MetaMask közösségi platform",Japanese:"MetaMask コミュニティプラットフォーム",Polish:"Platforma społeczności MetaMask",Ukrainian:"Платформа спільноти MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Extension":{term:"MetaMask Extension",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask is a web browser extension and mobile app that allows you to manage your Ethereum private keys. By doing so, it serves as a wallet for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, MetaMask keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your Secret Recovery Phrase or other private keys. You retain all power over your crypto-identity.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Extension","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Extension",French:"Extension Metamask",German:"MetaMask-Erweiterung",Indonesian:"Ekstensi MetaMask",Italian:"Estensione MetaMask",Korean:"MetaMask 확장 프로그램",Persian:"افزونه متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Extensão da MetaMask",Russian:"Расширение MetaMask",Spanish:"extensión de MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extension ng MetaMask",Thai:"ส่วนขยาย MetaMask",Turkish:"MetaMask Uzantısı",Vietnamese:"Tiện ích mở rộng MetaMask",Arabic:"امتداد MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 擴充套件",Dutch:"MetaMask extensie",Greek:"Επέκταση MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask एक्सटेंशन",Hungarian:"MetaMask bővítmény",Japanese:"MetaMask 拡張機能",Polish:"Rozszerzenie MetaMask",Ukrainian:"Розширення MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Flask":{term:"MetaMask Flask",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Flask is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the MetaMask team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of MetaMask has. What is MetaMask Flask, and how is it different from normal MetaMask?",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Flask","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Flask",French:"MetaMask Flask",German:"MetaMask Flask",Indonesian:"MetaMask Flask",Italian:"MetaMask Flask",Korean:"MetaMask 플라스크",Persian:"متامسک فلسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask Flask",Russian:"MetaMask Flask",Spanish:"MetaMask Flask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Flask",Thai:"MetaMask Flask",Turkish:"MetaMask Flask",Vietnamese:"MetaMask Flask",Arabic:"MetaMask Flask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask Flask",Dutch:"MetaMask Flask",Greek:"MetaMask Flask",Hindi:"MetaMask Flask",Hungarian:"MetaMask Flask",Japanese:"MetaMask Flask",Polish:"MetaMask Flask",Ukrainian:"MetaMask Flask"}},"MetaMask Institutional":{term:"MetaMask Institutional",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Institutional is an institution-compliant version of the world’s leading web3 wallet, MetaMask. Organizations trust us to manage their web3 access and engagement with institution-required security, operational efficiency, and compliance. MetaMask Institutional",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Institutional","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Institutional",French:"MetaMask Institutional",German:"MetaMask Institutional",Indonesian:"MetaMask Institutional",Italian:"MetaMask Institutional",Korean:"MetaMask Institutional",Persian:"متامسک سازمانی","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask Institutional",Russian:"MetaMask Institutional",Spanish:"MetaMask Institutional","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Institutional",Thai:"MetaMask Institutional",Turkish:"MetaMask Institutional",Vietnamese:"MetaMask Institutional",Arabic:"MetaMask Institutional","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 機構版本",Dutch:"MetaMask Institutional",Greek:"MetaMask Institutional",Hindi:"MetaMask Institutional",Hungarian:"MetaMask Instututional",Japanese:"MetaMask Institutional",Polish:"MetaMask Institutional",Ukrainian:"MetaMask Institutional"}},"MetaMask Learn":{term:"MetaMask Learn",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. MetaMask Learn",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Learn","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Learn",French:"MetaMask Learn",German:"MetaMask Learn",Indonesian:"MetaMask Learn",Italian:"MetaMask Learn",Korean:"MetaMask Learn",Persian:"آموزش متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask Learn",Russian:"MetaMask Learn",Spanish:"MetaMask Learn","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Learn",Thai:"MetaMask Learn",Turkish:"MetaMask Learn",Vietnamese:"MetaMask Learn",Arabic:"منصة التعلم MetaMask Learn","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 學習",Dutch:"MetaMask Learn",Greek:"Εκμάθηση MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask Learn",Hungarian:"MetaMask Learn",Japanese:"MetaMask Learn",Polish:"MetaMask Learn",Ukrainian:"MetaMask Learn"}},"MetaMask SDK":{term:"MetaMask SDK",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask SDK (Software Development Kit) is a library that can be installed by developers in their projects. It will automatically guide their users to connect easily with a MetaMask Wallet client. MetaMask SDK",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask SDK","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask SDK（软件开发工具包）",French:"MetaMask SDK",German:"MetaMask SDK",Indonesian:"MetaMask SDK",Italian:"MetaMask SDK",Korean:"MetaMask SDK",Persian:"کیت توسعه نرم‌افزار متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"SDK da MetaMask",Russian:"MetaMask SDK",Spanish:"MetaMask SDK","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask SDK",Thai:"MetaMask SDK",Turkish:"MetaMask SDK",Vietnamese:"SDK MetaMask",Arabic:"MetaMask SDK","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 軟體開發套件",Dutch:"MetaMask SDK",Greek:"MetaMask SDK",Hindi:"MetaMask SDK",Hungarian:"MetaMask SDK",Japanese:"MetaMask SDK",Polish:"MetaMask SDK",Ukrainian:"MetaMask SDK"}},"MetaMask Snaps":{term:"MetaMask Snaps",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The first big feature shipped through Flask has been MetaMask Snaps. Snaps is a whole topic in and of itself, but think of it like this: Snaps allows developers to bring any kind of functionality they want to the application. Given how broad that is, and the potential security implications, snaps can only be used in Flask at the moment; however, the plan is to allow users to customize their MetaMask experience through this functionality.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Snaps","Simplified Chinese":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",French:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",German:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Indonesian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Italian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Korean:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Persian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Russian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Spanish:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Thai:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Turkish:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Vietnamese:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Arabic:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)","Traditional Chinese":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Dutch:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Greek:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Hindi:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Hungarian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Japanese:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Polish:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Ukrainian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)"}},MetaMetrics:{term:"MetaMetrics",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMetrics is an opt-in analytics platform that aims to collect information on non-sensitive user events to help us improve the software for MetaMask users. How to manage your MetaMetrics settings",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMetrics","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMetrics",French:"MetaMetrics",German:"MetaMetrics",Indonesian:"MetaMetrics",Italian:"MetaMetrics",Korean:"MetaMetrics",Persian:"MetaMetrics","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMetrics",Russian:"MetaMetrics",Spanish:"MetaMetrics","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMetrics",Thai:"MetaMetrics",Turkish:"MetaMetrics",Vietnamese:"MetaMetrics",Arabic:"تحليلات MetaMetrics","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMetrics",Dutch:"MetaMetrics",Greek:"MetaMetrics",Hindi:"MetaMetrics",Hungarian:"MetaMetrics",Japanese:"MetaMetrics",Polish:"MetaMetrics",Ukrainian:"MetaMetrics"}},metaverse:{term:"metaverse",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A metaverse is a digital universe that contains all the aspects of the real world, such as real-time interactions and economies. It offers a unique experience to end-users. Metaverse",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"metaverse","Simplified Chinese":"元宇宙",French:"métavers",German:"Metaverse",Indonesian:"metaverse",Italian:"metaverso",Korean:"메타버스",Persian:"متاورس","Brazilian Portuguese":"metaverso",Russian:"метавселенная",Spanish:"metaverso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"metaverse",Thai:"เมตาเวิร์ส",Turkish:"metaverse",Vietnamese:"vũ trụ ảo",Arabic:"ميتافرس","Traditional Chinese":"元宇宙",Dutch:"metaverse",Greek:"metaverse",Hindi:"metaverse",Hungarian:"metaverzum",Japanese:"メタバース",Polish:"Metawersum",Ukrainian:"метавсесвіт"}},"miner tip":{term:"miner tip",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The miner tip is the Maximum Priority Fee that incentivizes the miner to prioritize a transaction. Learn the basics of blockchains and Ethereum (miners and validators, gas, cryptocurrencies and NFTs, block explorer, networks, etc.)",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"miner tip","Simplified Chinese":"矿工费",French:"pourboire du mineur",German:"Miner Tip",Indonesian:"tip penambang",Italian:"mancia per i miner",Korean:"채굴기 팁",Persian:"انعام ماینر","Brazilian Portuguese":"gorjeta do minerador",Russian:"«чаевые» майнеру",Spanish:"propina del minero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"tip ng minero",Thai:"ทิปนักขุด",Turkish:"madenci bahşişi",Vietnamese:"tiền thưởng cho thợ đào",Arabic:"رسوم الأولوية","Traditional Chinese":"礦工小費",Dutch:"miner tip",Greek:"φιλοδώρημα υπεύθυνου εξόρυξης",Hindi:"माइनर (miner) टिप",Hungarian:"bányász tipp",Japanese:"マイナーチップ",Polish:"Miner tip (napiwek dla górnika/walidatora)",Ukrainian:"«чайові майнеру»"}},mining:{term:"mining",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The process by which blocks or transactions are verified and added to a blockchain using a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism. In order to verify a block, a miner must use a computer to solve a cryptographic problem. Once the computer has solved the problem, the block is considered “mined” or verified. On Bitcoin or other PoW blockchains, the first computer to mine or verify the block receives bitcoin, or the equivalent network token, as a reward.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"mining","Simplified Chinese":"挖矿",French:"minage",German:"Mining",Indonesian:"penambangan",Italian:"mining",Korean:"채굴",Persian:"استخراج","Brazilian Portuguese":"mineração",Russian:"майнинг",Spanish:"minería","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagmimina",Thai:"การขุด",Turkish:"madencilik",Vietnamese:"đào",Arabic:"التعدين","Traditional Chinese":"挖礦",Dutch:"mining",Greek:"εξόρυξη",Hindi:"माइनिंग",Hungarian:"bányászás",Japanese:"マイニング",Polish:"Kopanie kryptowalut",Ukrainian:"майнінг"}},Mint:{term:"Mint",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Minting refers to the act of publishing a token on the blockchain to make it transferrable and purchasable.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Mint","Simplified Chinese":"铸币",French:"Publier",German:"Prägung",Indonesian:"Cetak",Italian:"Mint",Korean:"민트",Persian:"ضرب کردن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cunhagem",Russian:"Выполнить минтинг",Spanish:"acuñar","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mint",Thai:"สร้าง",Turkish:"Mint",Vietnamese:"Đúc",Arabic:"سكّ","Traditional Chinese":"鑄造",Dutch:"minten",Greek:"Mint",Hindi:"मिंट",Hungarian:"pénzverés",Japanese:"ミント",Polish:"Minting / mintowanie",Ukrainian:"Мінт"}},"mnemonic phrase":{term:"mnemonic phrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"This is an alternative way of referring to a Secret Recovery Phrase, also known as a 'seed phrase': a series of words that correspond to a very long cryptographic key, used to generate and control all the addresses of a crypto wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"mnemonic phrase","Simplified Chinese":"助记词",French:"phrase mnémotechnique",German:"Mnemonische Phrase",Indonesian:"frasa mnemonik",Italian:"frase mnemonica",Korean:"니모닉 구문",Persian:"عبارت یادآور","Brazilian Portuguese":"frase mnemônica",Russian:"мнемоническая фраза",Spanish:"frase mnemotécnica","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mnemonic na parirala",Thai:"วลีช่วยจำ",Turkish:"anımsatıcı ifade",Vietnamese:"cụm từ ghi nhớ",Arabic:"عبارة التذكر","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"mnemonic phrase",Greek:"Μνημονική φράση",Hindi:"नेमोनिक फ्रेज़",Hungarian:"mnemonikus szókapcsolat",Japanese:"ニーモニックフレーズ",Polish:"Mnemonic phrase",Ukrainian:"мнемонічна фраза"}},MobiKwik:{term:"MobiKwik",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MobiKwik is an Indian payment service provider founded in 2009 that provides a mobile phone-based payment system and digital wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"MobiKwik","Simplified Chinese":"MobiKwik",French:"MobiKwik",German:"MobiKwik",Indonesian:"MobiKwik",Italian:"MobiKwik",Korean:"모비퀵",Persian:"موبی کویک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MobiKwik",Russian:"MobiKwik",Spanish:"MobiKwik","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MobiKwik",Thai:"MobiKwik",Turkish:"MobiKwik",Vietnamese:"MobiKwik",Arabic:"MobiKwik","Traditional Chinese":"MobiKwik",Dutch:"MobiKwik",Greek:"MobiKwik",Hindi:"MobiKwik",Hungarian:"MobiKwik",Japanese:"MobiKwik",Polish:"MobiKwik",Ukrainian:"MobiKwik"}},"modular blockchain":{term:"modular blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Bitcoin is an example of a monolithic blockchain: all of the functions of the network (consensus, execution, data availability, and settlement) are run on one chain. This has significant drawbacks (see 'blockchain trilemma' for more). A modular blockchain, on the other hand, separates some or all of these functions into separate chains, each one optimized for its specific function, and relying on the other chains for the other functions. Ethereum is currently moving towards modularization, both on a protocol level beginning with the Merge, which split consensus and execution into two chains, and at the level of 'Layer 2' networks which provide optimized execution environments, and then 'roll up' their data to Ethereum for its consensus functionality.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"modular blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"模块化区块链",French:"blockchain modulaire / Chaîne de blocs modulaire",German:"Modulare Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain modular",Italian:"blockchain modulare",Korean:"모듈형 블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین مدولار","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain modular",Russian:"модульный блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques modular","Filipino (Tagalog)":"modular na blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนแยกส่วน",Turkish:"modüler blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối mô-đun",Arabic:"بلوكتشين قائم على نظام الوحدات","Traditional Chinese":"模塊化區塊鏈",Dutch:"modulaire blockchain",Greek:"τμηματοποιημένη αλυσίδα",Hindi:"मॉड्यूलर ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"moduláris blokklánc",Japanese:"モジュラー型ブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain modułowy",Ukrainian:"модульний блокчейн"}},MoonPay:{term:"MoonPay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MoonPay is a financial technology company that builds payments infrastructure for crypto. Its on-and-off-ramp suite of products provides a seamless experience for converting between fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies using all major payment methods, including debit and credit cards, local bank transfers, Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Samsung Pay. MoonPay is active in more than 160 countries and is trusted by 300+ leading wallets, websites, and applications to accept payments and defeat fraud. The company is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2019.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"MoonPay","Simplified Chinese":"MoonPay",French:"MoonPay",German:"MoonPay",Indonesian:"MoonPay",Italian:"MoonPay",Korean:"MoonPay",Persian:"مون‌پِی","Brazilian Portuguese":"MoonPay",Russian:"MoonPay",Spanish:"MoonPay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MoonPay",Thai:"MoonPay",Turkish:"MoonPay",Vietnamese:"MoonPay",Arabic:"MoonPay","Traditional Chinese":"MoonPay",Dutch:"MoonPay",Greek:"MoonPay",Hindi:"MoonPay",Hungarian:"MoonPay",Japanese:"MoonPay",Polish:"MoonPay",Ukrainian:"MoonPay"}},"multi-sig":{term:"multi-sig",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"multi-signature wallet (multisig) A crypto-asset wallet which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a transaction before they are able to access the wallet. This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a transaction.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"multi-sig","Simplified Chinese":"多重签名",French:"Multisig",German:"Multi-Sig",Indonesian:"multi-sig",Italian:"multi-sig",Korean:"다중서명",Persian:"چند امضایی","Brazilian Portuguese":"multisig",Russian:"multi-sig",Spanish:"multifirma","Filipino (Tagalog)":"multi-sig",Thai:"หลายลายเซ็น",Turkish:"çoklu imza",Vietnamese:"đa chữ ký",Arabic:"متعددة التوقيع","Traditional Chinese":"多重簽名",Dutch:"multi-sig",Greek:"Πολλαπλών υπογραφών",Hindi:"multi-sig",Hungarian:"több aláírású",Japanese:"マルチシグ",Polish:"Multisig",Ukrainian:"мультипідпис"}},"multi-signature wallet (multisig)":{term:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto-asset wallet which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a transaction before they are able to access the wallet. This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a transaction.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)","Simplified Chinese":"多重签名钱包（multisig）",French:"portefeuille multi-signature (Multisig)",German:"Multi-Signatur-Wallet (Multi-Sig)",Indonesian:"dompet multi-signature (multisig)",Italian:"portafoglio multi-firma (multisig)",Korean:"다중서명지갑(multisig)",Persian:"کیف پول چند امضایی (multisig)","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira multiassinatura (multisig)",Russian:"кошелек с мультиподписью (multisig)",Spanish:"monadero multifirma","Filipino (Tagalog)":"multi-signature na wallet (multisig)",Thai:"วอลเล็ตหลายลายเซ็น (multisig)",Turkish:"çoklu imza cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví đa chữ ký (multisig)",Arabic:"محفظة متعددة التوقيع (multisig)","Traditional Chinese":"多重簽名",Dutch:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)",Greek:"πορτοφόλι πολλαπλών υπογραφών (multisig)",Hindi:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)",Hungarian:"több aláírású pénztárca (multisig)",Japanese:"マルチシグウォレット (マルチシグ)",Polish:"Portfel multi-signature (multisig)",Ukrainian:"гаманець з мультипідписом (multisig)"}},"Multifactor Authentication":{term:"Multifactor Authentication",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Authentication using two or more different factors to achieve authentication.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Multifactor Authentication","Simplified Chinese":"多因素身份验证",French:"Authentification multifactorielle",German:"Multifaktor-Authentifizierung",Indonesian:"Autentikasi Multifaktor",Italian:"Autenticazione a più fattori",Korean:"다중 인증",Persian:"احراز هویت چند عاملی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Autenticação multifator",Russian:"Многофакторная аутентификация",Spanish:"autenticación multifactor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Multifactor na Pagpapatunay",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ตัวจริงหลายปัจจัย",Turkish:"Çok Faktörlü Kimlik Doğrulaması",Vietnamese:"Xác thực đa yếu tố",Arabic:"مصادقة متعددة العوامل","Traditional Chinese":"多因素認證",Dutch:"meervoudige verificatie",Greek:"Έλεγχος ταυτότητας πολλών παραγόντων",Hindi:"मल्टीफैक्टर ऑथेंटिकेशन",Hungarian:"Többtényezős hitelesítés",Japanese:"多要素認証",Polish:"Uwierzytelnianie wielopoziomowe",Ukrainian:"Багатофакторна автентифікація"}},"Near-Field Communication (NFC)":{term:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more capable wireless connections..",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)","Simplified Chinese":"近距离无线通讯（NFC）",French:"Communication en champ proche (NFC)",German:"Near Field Communication (NFC)",Indonesian:"Komunikasi Near-Field (NFC)",Italian:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",Korean:"근거리 무선 통신(NFC)",Persian:"ارتباطات در محدوده نزدیک (NFC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Comunicação por campo de proximidade (NFC)",Russian:"Технология ближней бесконтактной связи (NFC)",Spanish:"comunicación de campo cercano (NFC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",Thai:"การสื่อสารไร้สายระยะใกล้ (NFC)",Turkish:"Yakın Alan İletişimi (NFC)",Vietnamese:"Giao tiếp trường gần (NFC)",Arabic:"خاصية الاتصال قريب المدى (NFC)","Traditional Chinese":"近距離無線通訊",Dutch:"NFC (near-field communication)",Greek:"Επικοινωνία κοντινού πεδίου (NFC)",Hindi:"नियर-फील्ड कम्युनिकेशन (NFC)",Hungarian:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",Japanese:"近距離無線通信 (NFC)",Polish:"NFC (komunikacja bliskiego zasięgu)",Ukrainian:"Комунікація ближнього поля (NFC"}},"Nested Blockchain":{term:"Nested Blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A nested blockchain is essentially a blockchain within — or, rather, atop — another blockchain. See 'Layer 2'",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Nested Blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"嵌套区块链",French:"Blockchain imbriquée / Chaîne de blocs imbriquée",German:"Verschachtelte Blockchain",Indonesian:"Nested Blockchain",Italian:"Nested Blockchain",Korean:"중첩블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین تودرتو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Blockchain aninhada",Russian:"Вложенный блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques anidada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Nested na Blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนย่อย",Turkish:"Nested (İç İçe) Blokzincir",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi khối lồng nhau",Arabic:"بلوكتشين متداخل","Traditional Chinese":"巢狀區塊鏈",Dutch:"nested blockchain",Greek:"Nested Blockchain",Hindi:"नेस्टेड ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"beágyazott blokklánc",Japanese:"ネストされたブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain zagnieżdżony",Ukrainian:"Вкладений блокчейн"}},Network:{term:"Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A network refers to all nodes in the operation of a blockchain at any given moment in time.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Network","Simplified Chinese":"网络",French:"Réseau",German:"Netzwerk",Indonesian:"Jaringan",Italian:"Rete",Korean:"네트워크",Persian:"شبکه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rede",Russian:"Сеть",Spanish:"red","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Network",Thai:"เครือข่าย",Turkish:"Ağ",Vietnamese:"Mạng",Arabic:"شبكة","Traditional Chinese":"網路",Dutch:"netwerk",Greek:"Network (Δίκτυο)",Hindi:"नेटवर्क",Hungarian:"hálózat",Japanese:"ネットワーク",Polish:"Sieć",Ukrainian:"Мережа"}},"Network Congestion":{term:"Network Congestion",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. Congestion",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Network Congestion","Simplified Chinese":"网络拥塞",French:"Congestion de réseau",German:"Netzwerküberlastung",Indonesian:"Kemacetan Jaringan",Italian:"Congestione della rete",Korean:"네트워크 정체",Persian:"ازدحام شبکه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Congestionamento de rede",Russian:"Перегрузка сети",Spanish:"congestión de red","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pagsisikip ng Network",Thai:"ความแออัดของเครือข่าย",Turkish:"Ağ Tıkanıklığı",Vietnamese:"Nghẽn mạng",Arabic:"ازدحام الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"網路擁塞",Dutch:"netwerkcongestie",Greek:"Συμφόρηση δικτύου",Hindi:"नेटवर्क कंजेस्शन",Hungarian:"hálózati torlódás",Japanese:"ネットワークの輻輳",Polish:"Przeciążenie sieci",Ukrainian:"Перевантаження мережі"}},NFT:{term:"NFT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"When discussing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), “fungibility” refers to an object’s ability to be exchanged for another. For example, an individual dollar is considered fungible, as one dollar is fully interchangeable with another. Artwork is usually deemed non-fungible, as paintings or sculptures are likely to be unequal between them in quality, value, or other attributes. A non-fungible token is a type of token that is a unique digital asset and has no equal token. This is in contrast to cryptocurrencies like ether that are fungible in nature.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"NFT","Simplified Chinese":"NFT",French:"NFT",German:"NFT",Indonesian:"NFT",Italian:"NFT",Korean:"NFT",Persian:"ان‌اف‌تی","Brazilian Portuguese":"NFT",Russian:"NFT",Spanish:"NFT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"NFT",Thai:"NFT",Turkish:"NFT",Vietnamese:"NFT",Arabic:"رمز NFT","Traditional Chinese":"非同質化代幣",Dutch:"NFT",Greek:"NFT (Μη ανταλλάξιμο διακριτικό)",Hindi:"NFT",Hungarian:"NFT",Japanese:"NFT",Polish:"NFT",Ukrainian:"NFT"}},"NFT aggregator":{term:"NFT aggregator",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the initial wave of interest in buying and selling NFTs, a number of NFT marketplaces--websites where you can buy and sell NFTs--were created. As the market matured, aggregators appeared, which offer the user the ability to view available stock and price, buy and sell across marketplaces from a single unified application. Similar to familiar web2 shopping portals, these have come to be known as NFT Marketplace Aggregators, or just NFT Aggregators.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"NFT aggregator","Simplified Chinese":"NFT 聚合器",French:"Agrégateur NFT",German:"NFT-Aggregator",Indonesian:"agregator NFT",Italian:"Aggregatore NFT",Korean:"NFT 애그리게이터",Persian:"تجمیع‌کننده ان‌اف‌تی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Agregador de NFTs",Russian:"NFT-агрегатор",Spanish:"agregador de NFT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"NFT aggregator",Thai:"ผู้รวบรวม NFT",Turkish:"NFT toplayıcı",Vietnamese:"Nền tảng giao dịch NFT",Arabic:"مُجمِعّ NFT","Traditional Chinese":"非同質化代幣聚合交易平台",Dutch:"NFT-aggregator",Greek:"NFT aggregator",Hindi:"NFT एग्रीगेटर",Hungarian:"NFT-aggregátor",Japanese:"NFT アグリゲーター",Polish:"Agregator NFT",Ukrainian:"NFT-агрегатор"}},"NFT drop":{term:"NFT drop",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An NFT drop happens when a new NFT collection is released. NFT drops can vary in both how the NFTs are sold (listed for sale or auction), and in who they’re released to (the public, or a specific list called an “allowlist”). Often, NFT drops coincide with when the NFTs in the collection are minted, that is, written to the blockchain. You might hear these terms used interchangeably— a drop might be referred to as the project’s mint.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"NFT drop","Simplified Chinese":"NFT 投放",French:"mise en vente de NFT",German:"NFT-Drop",Indonesian:"NFT drop",Italian:"NFT drop",Korean:"NFT 하락",Persian:"ایردراپ ان‌اف‌تی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Drop de NFTs",Russian:"NFT-дроп",Spanish:"drop de NFT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Paglaglag ng NFT",Thai:"การปล่อยผลงาน NFT",Turkish:"NFT drop",Vietnamese:"Tặng NFT",Arabic:"توزيع NFT","Traditional Chinese":"NFT drop",Dutch:"NFT-drop",Greek:"NFT drop",Hindi:"NFT ड्रॉप",Hungarian:"NFT-csepp",Japanese:"NFT ドロップ",Polish:"Drop / zrzut NFT",Ukrainian:"NFT-дроп"}},Ngrave:{term:"Ngrave",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Crypto hardware wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ngrave","Simplified Chinese":"Ngrave",French:"Ngrave",German:"Ngrave",Indonesian:"Ngrave",Italian:"Ngrave",Korean:"N그레이브",Persian:"کیف پول Ngrave","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ngrave",Russian:"Ngrave",Spanish:"Ngrave","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ngrave",Thai:"Ngrave",Turkish:"Ngrave",Vietnamese:"Ngrave",Arabic:"Ngrave","Traditional Chinese":"Ngrave",Dutch:"Ngrave",Greek:"Ngrave",Hindi:"Ngrave",Hungarian:"Ngrave",Japanese:"Ngrave",Polish:"Ngrave",Ukrainian:"Ngrave"}},node:{term:"node",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Public blockchains consist of a network of computers which sync the network's data, coordinate transaction requests, and participate in consensus regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a 'node'. A full node is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific blockchain. In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” node does not download all pieces of a blockchain’s data, and uses a different validation process.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"node","Simplified Chinese":"节点",French:"nœud",German:"Node",Indonesian:"node",Italian:"nodo",Korean:"노드",Persian:"گره","Brazilian Portuguese":"node",Russian:"узел",Spanish:"nodo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"node",Thai:"โหนด",Turkish:"düğüm",Vietnamese:"nút",Arabic:"عقدة","Traditional Chinese":"節點",Dutch:"node",Greek:"κόμβος",Hindi:"नोड",Hungarian:"csomópont",Japanese:"ノード",Polish:"Węzeł",Ukrainian:"вузол"}},"Non-fungible token":{term:"Non-fungible token",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See NFT",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Non-fungible token","Simplified Chinese":"非同质化代币",French:"Jeton non fongible",German:"Non-Fungible token",Indonesian:"Non-fungible token",Italian:"Non-fungible token",Korean:"대체불가토큰",Persian:"توکن بی‌همتا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Token não fungível",Russian:"Невзаимозаменяемый токен",Spanish:"token no fungible","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Non-fungible token",Thai:"โทเค็นที่ไม่สามารถทดแทนได้",Turkish:"Nitelikli fikri tapu",Vietnamese:"Mã thông báo không thể thay thế",Arabic:"رمز غير قابل للاستبدال","Traditional Chinese":"非同質化代幣",Dutch:"non-fungible token",Greek:"Μη Εναλλάξιμα Κρυπτοπαραστατικά",Hindi:"नॉन-फंजिबिल टोकन",Hungarian:"nem helyettesíthető token",Japanese:"非代替性トークン",Polish:"Niewymienny token",Ukrainian:"Невзаємозамінний токен"}},nonce:{term:"nonce",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The word ‘nonce’ has a few different meanings, and in different contexts, it ends up getting used a lot of different ways. Originally formed from a contraction of a phrase meaning “not more than once”, on the Ethereum Mainnet, “nonce” refers to a unique transaction identification number that increases in value with each successive transaction in order to ensure various safety features (such as preventing a double-spend). Note that due to its broader use in cryptography, you may encounter ‘nonce’ being used differently on other sidechains or decentralized projects.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"nonce","Simplified Chinese":"唯一交易标识号",French:"nonce",German:"Nonce",Indonesian:"nonce",Italian:"nonce",Korean:"논스",Persian:"نانس","Brazilian Portuguese":"nonce",Russian:"одноразовый код",Spanish:"nonce","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nonce",Thai:"นอนซ์",Turkish:"nonce",Vietnamese:"số nonce",Arabic:"الرقم التعريفي","Traditional Chinese":"僅使用一次的數字",Dutch:"nonce",Greek:"αριθμολέξημα",Hindi:"nonce",Hungarian:"nonce",Japanese:"ナンス",Polish:"Nonce",Ukrainian:"одноразовий номер"}},"off-chain":{term:"off-chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A transaction that is processed outside the blockchain network with an increased speed and reduced cost. There are two different transactions that occur on the blockchain: On-chain transactions are those reflected on the distributed ledger and are visible to all the network users. On the other hand, off-chain transactions occur outside the blockchain network. Such a transaction doesn’t need the services of miners because no ledger verification is conducted. Unlike on-chain transactions, off-chain transactions can be made instantly. This method entails lower fees, happens instantly, and offers more anonymity.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"off-chain","Simplified Chinese":"链下",French:"hors chaîne",German:"Off-Chain",Indonesian:"off-chain",Italian:"off-chain",Korean:"오프체인",Persian:"برون زنجیره‌ای","Brazilian Portuguese":"off-chain",Russian:"оффчейн",Spanish:"fuera de cadena","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wala sa chain",Thai:"นอกเชน",Turkish:"zincir dışı",Vietnamese:"ngoài chuỗi",Arabic:"خارج البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"鏈下",Dutch:"off-chain",Greek:"εκτός αλυσίδας",Hindi:"ऑफ-चेन",Hungarian:"láncon kívüli",Japanese:"オフチェーン",Polish:"Transakcje off-chain (poza łańcuchem)",Ukrainian:"офчейн-транзакція"}},"ommer block":{term:"ommer block",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Under the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, miners received rewards for being the first to mine a new block. However, at times a block would be mined just after, and in competition with, the last block. This block, known as an ommer and previously as an uncle, could get rolled into subsequent blocks and the miner of the original ommer would get a partial block reward. All of this functionality was deprecated as of the launch of the Beacon Chain.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"ommer block","Simplified Chinese":"ommer 区块",French:"bloc ommer",German:"Ommer Block",Indonesian:"block ommer",Italian:"ommer block",Korean:"오머 블록",Persian:"بلاک اومر","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco ommer",Russian:"блок оммер",Spanish:"bloque ommer","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ommer block",Thai:"ออมเมอร์บล็อก",Turkish:"ommer blok",Vietnamese:"khối ommer",Arabic:"كتلة ommer","Traditional Chinese":"叔塊",Dutch:"ommerblock",Greek:"ommer block",Hindi:"ओमेर (ommer) ब्लॉक",Hungarian:"ommer blokk",Japanese:"オマーブロック",Polish:"Ommer",Ukrainian:"оммер-блок"}},"on-chain":{term:"on-chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"On-chain, as the name implies, refers to blockchain transactions that exist on and have been verified to the blockchain by miners or validators. On-Chain also means that transactions have been recorded to the blockchain",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"on-chain","Simplified Chinese":"链上",French:"dans la chaîne",German:"On-Chain",Indonesian:"on-chain",Italian:"on-chain",Korean:"온체인",Persian:"درون زنجیره‌ای","Brazilian Portuguese":"on-chain",Russian:"ончейн",Spanish:"en cadena","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nasa chain",Thai:"ในเชน",Turkish:"zincir içi",Vietnamese:"trên chuỗi",Arabic:"على البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"鏈上",Dutch:"on-chain",Greek:"εντός αλυσίδας",Hindi:"ऑन-चेन",Hungarian:"láncon belüli",Japanese:"オンチェーン",Polish:"Transakcje on-chain (w łańcuchu)",Ukrainian:"ончейн-транзакція"}},"on-ramp, off-ramp":{term:"on-ramp, off-ramp",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Based on a metaphor from the American highway system, 'on-ramp' refers to a tool, or a service provider, or the action, of converting fiat currency into tokens on a blockchain. Conversely, 'off-ramp' refers to exchanging on-chain assets for their value in a given fiat currency. There are many providers of such services, and MetaMask users have access to them through the 'Buy Crypto' feature.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"on-ramp, off-ramp","Simplified Chinese":"充值，提现",French:"conversion de monnaie fiat en jetons sur la blockchain (on-ramp), échange d’actifs de la blockchain en monnaie fiat (off-ramp)",German:"On-Ramp, Off-Ramp",Indonesian:"on-ramp; off-ramp",Italian:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Korean:"온램프, 오프램프",Persian:"مسیر ورود، مسیر خروج","Brazilian Portuguese":"on-ramp, off-ramp",Russian:"он-рэмп, офф-рэмп",Spanish:"rampa de acceso, rampa de salida","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nasa rampa, wala sa rampa",Thai:"แลกเข้า, แลกออก",Turkish:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Vietnamese:"chuyển đổi xuôi, chuyển đổi ngược",Arabic:"تحويل أصل رقمي إلى عملة عادية، عملة عادية إلى أصل رقمي","Traditional Chinese":"入金、出金",Dutch:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Greek:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Hindi:"ऑन-रैंप, ऑफ-रैंप",Hungarian:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Japanese:"オンランプ, オフランプ",Polish:"Usługi on-ramp, off-ramp",Ukrainian:"он-ремп, оф-ремп"}},OpenSea:{term:"OpenSea",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"OpenSea is the world's first and largest web3 marketplace for NFTs and crypto collectibles.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"OpenSea","Simplified Chinese":"OpenSea",French:"OpenSea",German:"OpenSea",Indonesian:"OpenSea",Italian:"OpenSea",Korean:"OpenSea",Persian:"اوپن سی","Brazilian Portuguese":"OpenSea",Russian:"OpenSea",Spanish:"OpenSea","Filipino (Tagalog)":"OpenSea",Thai:"OpenSea",Turkish:"OpenSea",Vietnamese:"OpenSea",Arabic:"OpenSea","Traditional Chinese":"OpenSea",Dutch:"OpenSea",Greek:"OpenSea",Hindi:"OpenSea",Hungarian:"OpenSea",Japanese:"OpenSea",Polish:"OpenSea",Ukrainian:"OpenSea"}},Opera:{term:"Opera",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Internet browser.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Opera","Simplified Chinese":"Opera",French:"Opera",German:"Opera",Indonesian:"Opera",Italian:"Opera",Korean:"오페라",Persian:"اپرا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Opera",Russian:"Opera",Spanish:"Opera","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Opera",Thai:"Opera",Turkish:"Opera",Vietnamese:"Opera",Arabic:"أوبرا","Traditional Chinese":"Opera",Dutch:"Opera",Greek:"Opera",Hindi:"Opera",Hungarian:"Opera",Japanese:"Opera",Polish:"Opera",Ukrainian:"Opera"}},Optimism:{term:"Optimism",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Optimism is a layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum, which is a blockchain-based platform for decentralized applications. It is designed to reduce the cost and increase the speed of transactions on the Ethereum network. Optimism works by using a technique called optimistic rollups, which allows it to process a large number of transactions off-chain, while still maintaining the security and decentralization of the Ethereum network. In optimistic rollups, transactions are initially processed off-chain, and a summary of these transactions is then submitted to the Ethereum network for verification. This verification process ensures that the transactions are valid and that no fraud has occurred. Once the transactions are verified, they are added to the Ethereum blockchain, allowing users to interact with the decentralized applications built on the platform.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Optimism","Simplified Chinese":"Optimism",French:"Optimism",German:"Optimism",Indonesian:"Optimism",Italian:"Optimism",Korean:"Optimism",Persian:"شبکه آپتیمیزم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Optimism",Russian:"Optimism",Spanish:"Optimism","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Optimism",Thai:"Optimism",Turkish:"Optimism",Vietnamese:"Optimism",Arabic:"Optimism","Traditional Chinese":"Optimism",Dutch:"Optimism",Greek:"Optimism",Hindi:"Optimism",Hungarian:"Optimism",Japanese:"Optimism",Polish:"Optimism",Ukrainian:"Optimism"}},"optimistic rollup":{term:"optimistic rollup",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A rollup that assumes the validity and good faith of transactions, and only runs a fraud proof in the case of fraud being alleged. See also 'rollup'.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"optimistic rollup","Simplified Chinese":"乐观性扩容方案（ORU）",French:"rollup optimisé",German:"Optimistischer Rollup",Indonesian:"optimistic rollup",Italian:"rollup ottimistico",Korean:"옵티미스틱 롤업",Persian:"راهکارهای خوشبینانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"rollup otimista",Russian:"оптимистичный роллап",Spanish:"rollup optimista","Filipino (Tagalog)":"optimistic rollup",Thai:"โรลล์อัปแบบออปติมิสติก",Turkish:"optimistik rollup",Vietnamese:"tổng hợp lạc quan",Arabic:"تجميعات Optimistic","Traditional Chinese":"optimistic rollup",Dutch:"optimistic rollup",Greek:"optimistic rollup",Hindi:"ऑप्टिमिस्टिक रॉलअप",Hungarian:"optimista összesítés",Japanese:"オプティミスティックロールアップ",Polish:"Rollup optymistyczny",Ukrainian:"оптимістичний роллап"}},Oracle:{term:"Oracle",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Typically, an oracle is any entity or person that is relied on to report the outcome of an event. In a blockchain network an oracle (human or machine) helps communicate data to a smart contract, which can then be used to verify an event or specific outcome.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Oracle","Simplified Chinese":"预言机",French:"Oracle",German:"Oracle",Indonesian:"Oracle",Italian:"Oracle",Korean:"오라클",Persian:"اوراکل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Oráculo",Russian:"Oracle",Spanish:"oráculo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Orakulo",Thai:"ออราเคิล",Turkish:"Oracle",Vietnamese:"Nguồn cấp dữ liệu",Arabic:"أوراكل","Traditional Chinese":"預言機",Dutch:"oracle",Greek:"Oracle",Hindi:"Oracle",Hungarian:"Oracle",Japanese:"Oracle",Polish:"Wyrocznia (Oracle)",Ukrainian:"Oracle"}},ParaSwap:{term:"ParaSwap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ParaSwap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator that optimizes swaps for users through better prices, limited gas fees, and lower slippage. ParaSwap sources their liquidity from major DEXes such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, Kyber, in addition to ParaSwapPool, their professional Market Maker network.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"ParaSwap","Simplified Chinese":"ParaSwap",French:"ParaSwap",German:"ParaSwap",Indonesian:"ParaSwap",Italian:"ParaSwap",Korean:"파라스왑",Persian:"پاراسواپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"ParaSwap",Russian:"Paraswap",Spanish:"ParaSwap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ParaSwap",Thai:"ParaSwap",Turkish:"ParaSwap",Vietnamese:"ParaSwap",Arabic:"ParaSwap","Traditional Chinese":"ParaSwap",Dutch:"ParaSwap",Greek:"ParaSwap",Hindi:"ParaSwap",Hungarian:"ParaSwap",Japanese:"ParaSwap",Polish:"ParaSwap",Ukrainian:"ParaSwap"}},parity:{term:"parity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In a general sense, to say that something 'has parity' with another thing means 'equal in features or other important quality', and is a phrase often used by software developers and computer scientists.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"parity","Simplified Chinese":"parity",French:"parité",German:"Parität",Indonesian:"paritas",Italian:"parità",Korean:"패리티",Persian:"کلاینت پریتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"paridade",Russian:"паритет",Spanish:"paridad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagkakapantay-pantay",Thai:"แพริตี",Turkish:"parite",Vietnamese:"ngang bằng",Arabic:"Parity","Traditional Chinese":"同等",Dutch:"pariteit",Greek:"ισοτιμία",Hindi:"पैरिटी",Hungarian:"paritás",Japanese:"パリティ",Polish:"Parytet",Ukrainian:"паритет"}},Parity:{term:"Parity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Parity Technologies is the name of a blockchain technology company that is developing a number of significant projects in the blockchain space. One of its first projects was an Ethereum client, known as Parity; its name was changed to Parity Ethereum, and then was spun out as a DAO-owned and operated project called Open Ethereum, which has also been deprecated. See also 'client'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Parity","Simplified Chinese":"Parity",French:"Parity",German:"Parity",Indonesian:"Parity",Italian:"Parity",Korean:"Parity",Persian:"Parity","Brazilian Portuguese":"Parity",Russian:"Parity",Spanish:"Parity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Parity",Thai:"Parity",Turkish:"Parity",Vietnamese:"Parity",Arabic:"Parity","Traditional Chinese":"Parity",Dutch:"Parity",Greek:"Parity",Hindi:"Parity",Hungarian:"Parity",Japanese:"Parity",Polish:"Parity",Ukrainian:"Parity"}},Passphrase:{term:"Passphrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'Secret Recovery Phrase'",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Passphrase","Simplified Chinese":"密语",French:"Phrase d’authentification",German:"Passphrase",Indonesian:"Passphrase",Italian:"Passphrase",Korean:"패스프레이즈",Persian:"عبارت عبور","Brazilian Portuguese":"Frase secreta",Russian:"Парольная фраза",Spanish:"frase de contraseña","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Passphrase",Thai:"วลีรหัสผ่าน",Turkish:"Parola",Vietnamese:"Cụm mật khẩu",Arabic:"عبارة المرور","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"wachtwoordzin",Greek:"Φράση πρόσβασης",Hindi:"पासफ्रेज़",Hungarian:"jelszó",Japanese:"パスフレーズ",Polish:"Passphrase",Ukrainian:"Парольна фраза"}},"password manager":{term:"password manager",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A password manager is a tool or software that stores all sorts of passwords needed for online applications and services. Password manager",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"password manager","Simplified Chinese":"密码管理工具",French:"gestionnaire de mots de passe",German:"Passwortmanager",Indonesian:"pengelola kata sandi",Italian:"gestore di password",Korean:"비밀번호 매니저",Persian:"مدیر گذرواژه","Brazilian Portuguese":"gerenciador de senhas",Russian:"менджер паролей",Spanish:"gestor de contraseñas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"tagapamahala ng password",Thai:"เครื่องมือจัดการรหัสผ่าน",Turkish:"şifre yöneticisi",Vietnamese:"trình quản lý mật khẩu",Arabic:"مدير كلمات المرور","Traditional Chinese":"密鑰管理員",Dutch:"wachtwoordmanager",Greek:"Διαχείριση κωδικών πρόσβασης",Hindi:"password manager",Hungarian:"jelszókezelő",Japanese:"パスワードマネージャー",Polish:"Menedżer haseł",Ukrainian:"менеджер паролів"}},PayPal:{term:"PayPal",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"PayPal is a multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"PayPal","Simplified Chinese":"PayPal",French:"PayPal",German:"PayPal",Indonesian:"PayPal",Italian:"PayPal",Korean:"PayPal",Persian:"پی‌پل","Brazilian Portuguese":"PayPal",Russian:"PayPal",Spanish:"PayPal","Filipino (Tagalog)":"PayPal",Thai:"PayPal",Turkish:"PayPal",Vietnamese:"PayPal",Arabic:"PayPal","Traditional Chinese":"PayPal",Dutch:"PayPal",Greek:"PayPal",Hindi:"PayPal",Hungarian:"PayPal",Japanese:"PayPal",Polish:"PayPal",Ukrainian:"PayPal"}},"peer-to-peer (P2P)":{term:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"P2P refers to interactions that happen directly between two parties, usually two separate individuals, and have been present in Internet technology in different ways for some time. These interactions are often coordinated through some sort of app or network, which can consist of any number of individuals. Public blockchains can be considered to have a high degree of P2P functionality, as individuals are able to transact or interact with each other without relying on an intermediary or single point of failure.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"peer-to-peer (P2P)","Simplified Chinese":"点对点（P2P）",French:"Pair-à-pair (P2P)",German:"Peer-to-Peer (P2P)",Indonesian:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Italian:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Korean:"피어 투 피어(P2P)",Persian:"همتا به همتا (P2P)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ponto a ponto (P2P)",Russian:"пиринговый (P2P)",Spanish:"entre pares (P2P)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Thai:"เพียร์ทูเพียร์ (P2P)",Turkish:"eşler arası (P2P)",Vietnamese:"ngang hàng (P2P)",Arabic:"نظير إلى نظير (P2P)","Traditional Chinese":"點對點式網路",Dutch:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Greek:"P2P (μεταξύ ομοτίμων)",Hindi:"पियर-टू-पियर (P2P)",Hungarian:"ponttól-pontig (P2P)",Japanese:"ピアツーピア (P2P)",Polish:"Peer-to-peer (P2P)",Ukrainian:"однорангова мережа (P2P)"}},"permissioned ledger":{term:"permissioned ledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain network in which access to ledger or network requires permission from an individual or group of individuals, as opposed to a public blockchain. Permissioned ledgers may have one or many owners. Consensus on a permissioned ledger is conducted by the trusted actors, such as government departments, banks, or other known entities. Permissioned blockchains or ledgers contain highly-verifiable data sets because the consensus process creates a digital signature, which can be seen by all parties. A permissioned ledger is much easier to maintain and considerably faster than a public blockchain. For example, Quorum or Hyperledger Besu are permissioned ledgers that can be more easily set up for large enterprises. In contrast, the public Ethereum blockchain is a permissionless ledger which anyone can access.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"permissioned ledger","Simplified Chinese":"许可账本",French:"registre autorisé",German:"Permissioned Blockchain",Indonesian:"ledger yang diizinkan",Italian:"permissioned ledger",Korean:"허가된 원장",Persian:"دفترکل مجوزدار","Brazilian Portuguese":"registro autorizado",Russian:"разрешенный реестр",Spanish:"registro autorizado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pinahintulutang ledger",Thai:"บัญชีที่อนุญาตแล้ว",Turkish:"izinli kayıt defteri",Vietnamese:"sổ cái được cấp phép",Arabic:"سجل بإذن","Traditional Chinese":"帶權限的賬本",Dutch:"permissioned ledger",Greek:"permissioned ledger (πρόσβαση σε συγκεκριμένους μόνο χρήστες)",Hindi:"परमिशंड लेजर",Hungarian:"engedélyezett főkönyv",Japanese:"許可型台帳",Polish:"Rejestr ograniczony (permissioned ledger)",Ukrainian:"дозволений реєстр"}},"phishing (noun)":{term:"phishing (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Phishing is a form of social engineering where attackers deceive people into revealing sensitive information or installing malware such as ransomware.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"phishing (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"网络钓鱼",French:"hameçonnage (nom)",German:"Phishing",Indonesian:"phishing (noun)",Italian:"phishing (noun)",Korean:"피싱(명사)",Persian:"فیشینگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"phishing",Russian:"фишинг",Spanish:"suplantación de identidad (sustantivo)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"phishing (pangngalan)",Thai:"ฟิชชิ่ง",Turkish:"kimlik avı",Vietnamese:"lừa đảo qua mạng (danh từ)",Arabic:"التصيد الاحتيالي","Traditional Chinese":"網路釣魚",Dutch:"phishing",Greek:"ηλεκτρονικό ψάρεμα",Hindi:"फ़िशिंग (नाउन)",Hungarian:"adathalászat",Japanese:"フィッシング",Polish:"Phishing",Ukrainian:"фішинг"}},Plasma:{term:"Plasma",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Plasma' is a term that is used to refer to one of the solutions being built and deployed in order to securely scale the Ethereum network. A Plasma network functions similarly to an optimistic rollup, inasmuch as it relies on Ethereum Mainnet to maintain the record of transactions, and as the source for arbitration or fraud resolution. However, a Plasma network differs in other important technical ways from rollups, and is currently limited to simple operations, such as swaps and token transfers. More technical information is available here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Plasma","Simplified Chinese":"Plasma",French:"Plasma",German:"Plasma",Indonesian:"Plasma",Italian:"Plasma",Korean:"플라즈마",Persian:"پلاسما","Brazilian Portuguese":"Plasma",Russian:"Plasma",Spanish:"Plasma","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Plasma",Thai:"พลาสมา",Turkish:"Plazma",Vietnamese:"Giải pháp Plasma",Arabic:"Plasma","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊等離子體",Dutch:"Plasma",Greek:"Plasma",Hindi:"प्लाज़्मा",Hungarian:"plazma",Japanese:"Plasma",Polish:"Plasma",Ukrainian:"Plasma"}},"PoA, PoS, PoW":{term:"PoA, PoS, PoW",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronyms standing for Proof of X consensus mechanisms: Authority, Stake, Work. The “o” is lowercase since you wouldn’t capitalize “of” when writing out the phrase. See also 'consensus', 'Proof of Authority', 'Proof of Stake', 'Proof of Work'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"PoA, PoS, PoW","Simplified Chinese":"权威证明，权益证明，工作量证明",French:"PoA, PoS, PoW",German:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Indonesian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Italian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Korean:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Persian:"اثبات اعتبار، اثبات سهام، اثبات کار","Brazilian Portuguese":"PoA, PoS, PoW",Russian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Spanish:"PoA, PoS, PoW","Filipino (Tagalog)":"PoA, PoS, PoW",Thai:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Turkish:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Vietnamese:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Arabic:"PoA, PoS, PoW","Traditional Chinese":"授權證明、權益證明、工作量證明",Dutch:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Greek:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Hindi:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Hungarian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Japanese:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Polish:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Ukrainian:"PoA, PoS, PoW"}},Polygon:{term:"Polygon",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum that aims to address the scalability issues of the Ethereum blockchain. It is designed to provide faster and cheaper transactions with the same level of security and decentralization as the Ethereum network. Polygon achieves this by creating a multi-chain ecosystem that is built on top of the Ethereum network. This ecosystem consists of various interconnected sidechains that can process transactions independently of the main Ethereum blockchain. These sidechains are called 'Polygon chains' or 'commit chains'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Polygon","Simplified Chinese":"Polygon",French:"Polygon",German:"Polygon",Indonesian:"Polygon",Italian:"Polygon",Korean:"Polygon",Persian:"پالیگان","Brazilian Portuguese":"Polygon",Russian:"Polygon",Spanish:"Polygon","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Polygon",Thai:"Polygon",Turkish:"Polygon",Vietnamese:"Polygon",Arabic:"Polygon","Traditional Chinese":"Polygon",Dutch:"Polygon",Greek:"Polygon",Hindi:"Polygon",Hungarian:"Polygon",Japanese:"Polygon",Polish:"Polygon",Ukrainian:"Polygon"}},Portfolio:{term:"Portfolio",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Portfolio Dapp enables you to view all your MetaMask accounts and their assets in one place. It aggregates values from across your accounts and shows your total holdings, making it easier than ever to get an at-a-glance summary of their value in your chosen currency. Getting started with MetaMask Portfolio",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Portfolio","Simplified Chinese":"Portfolio",French:"Portfolio",German:"Portfolio",Indonesian:"Portfolio",Italian:"Portfolio",Korean:"Portfolio",Persian:"پرتفوی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Portfolio",Russian:"Portfolio",Spanish:"Portfolio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Portfolio",Thai:"พอร์ตเงิน",Turkish:"Portfolio",Vietnamese:"Portfolio",Arabic:"المحفظة","Traditional Chinese":"Portfolio",Dutch:"Portfolio",Greek:"Portfolio",Hindi:"Portfolio",Hungarian:"Portfolio",Japanese:"Portfolio",Polish:"Portfolio",Ukrainian:"Portfolio"}},"PoS/PoW Hybrid":{term:"PoS/PoW Hybrid",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A hybrid consensus model that utilizes a combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of Work (PoW) consensus. Using this Hybrid consensus mechanism, blocks are validated from not only miners, but also voters (stakeholders) to form a balanced network governance.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"PoS/PoW Hybrid","Simplified Chinese":"权益证明/工作量证明混合共识",French:"hybride PoS/PoW",German:"PoS / PoW Hybrid",Indonesian:"PoS/PoW Hybrid",Italian:"PoS/PoW ibrido",Korean:"PoS/PoW 하이브리드",Persian:"تلفیق هیبریدی گواه اثبات سهام/اثبات کار","Brazilian Portuguese":"PoS/PoW híbrido",Russian:"Гибрид PoS/PoW",Spanish:"híbrido PoS/PoW","Filipino (Tagalog)":"PoS/PoW Hybrid",Thai:"PoS/PoW Hybrid",Turkish:"Hibrit PoS/PoW Mutabakatı",Vietnamese:"Lai PoS/PoW",Arabic:"خوارزمية PoS/PoW هجينة","Traditional Chinese":"權益證明/ 工作量證明混合",Dutch:"hybride van PoS en PoW",Greek:"Υβριδικό PoS/PoW",Hindi:"PoS/PoW हाइब्रिड",Hungarian:"PoS/PoW hibrid",Japanese:"PoS/PoW ハイブリッド",Polish:"Hybrydowy konsensus PoS/PoW",Ukrainian:"Гібрид PoS/PoW"}},"Priority fee":{term:"Priority fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The priority fee, also referred to as the 'miner tip', incentivizes the miner to prioritize your transaction. Naturally, whether this does actually go to a miner depends on the consensus mechanism they use: Ethereum mainnet became a Proof of Stake network following the Merge in September 2022, so the priority fee goes to validators instead of miners.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Priority fee","Simplified Chinese":"优先费用",French:"Frais de priorité",German:"Prioritätsgebühr",Indonesian:"Biaya prioritas",Italian:"Tariffa prioritaria",Korean:"우선 요금",Persian:"کارمزد اولویت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa de prioridade",Russian:"Плата за приоритет",Spanish:"tarifa de prioridad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Bayad sa priyoridad",Thai:"ค่าแซงคิว",Turkish:"Öncelik ücreti",Vietnamese:"Phí ưu tiên",Arabic:"رسوم الأولوية","Traditional Chinese":"優先費",Dutch:"priority fee",Greek:"Τέλος προτεραιότητας",Hindi:"प्रायोरिटी फी",Hungarian:"elsőbbségi díj",Japanese:"優先手数料",Polish:"Opłata za priorytet",Ukrainian:"Плата за пріоритет"}},"private blockchain":{term:"private blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain or distributed ledger that has a closed network wherein participants are controlled by a single entity. A private blockchain requires a verification process for new participants. A private blockchain may also limit which individuals are able to participate in consensus of the blockchain network. See also 'permissioned ledger'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"private blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"私有区块链",French:"blockchain privée/ chaîne de blocs privée",German:"Private Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain pribadi",Italian:"blockchain privata",Korean:"프라이빗 블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain privada",Russian:"закрытый блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques privada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pribadong blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนส่วนตัว",Turkish:"özel blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối riêng",Arabic:"بلوكتشين خاص","Traditional Chinese":"私有鏈",Dutch:"private blockchain",Greek:"ιδιωτική αλυσίδα block",Hindi:"प्राइवेट ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"privát blokklánc",Japanese:"プライベートブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain prywatny",Ukrainian:"приватний блокчейн"}},"private currency":{term:"private currency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A currency or token issued by a private individual or firm. Typically, the token or currency is limited to use within the network of that particular firm or individual. This is not to be confused with a “privacy cryptocurrency”, which are cryptocurrencies with specific privacy features, such as hidden user identities.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"private currency","Simplified Chinese":"私人货币",French:"devise privée/monnaie privée",German:"Private Währung",Indonesian:"mata uang pribadi",Italian:"valuta privata",Korean:"프라이빗 통화",Persian:"ارز خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"moeda privada",Russian:"частная валюта",Spanish:"moneda privada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pribadong salapi",Thai:"สกุลเงินส่วนตัว",Turkish:"özel para birimi",Vietnamese:"đồng tiền riêng",Arabic:"عملة خاصة","Traditional Chinese":"私人貨幣",Dutch:"private currency",Greek:"ιδιωτικό νόμισμα",Hindi:"प्राइवेट करेंसी",Hungarian:"magánvaluta",Japanese:"プライベート通貨",Polish:"Pieniądz prywatny",Ukrainian:"приватна валюта"}},"private key":{term:"private key",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A private key is an alphanumeric string of data that, in MetaMask, corresponds to a single specific account in a wallet. Private keys can be thought of as a password that enables an individual to control a specific crypto account. Never reveal your private key to anyone, as whoever controls the private key controls the account funds. If you lose your private key, then you lose access to, and control over, that account.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"private key","Simplified Chinese":"私钥",French:"clé privée",German:"Privater Schlüssel",Indonesian:"kunci pribadi",Italian:"chiave privata",Korean:"개인 키",Persian:"کلید خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"chave privada",Russian:"закрытый ключ",Spanish:"clave privada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pribadong key",Thai:"คีย์ส่วนตัว",Turkish:"özel anahtar",Vietnamese:"khóa riêng",Arabic:"مفتاح خاص","Traditional Chinese":"私鑰",Dutch:"privésleutel",Greek:"ιδιωτικό κλειδί",Hindi:"प्राइवेट की (key)",Hungarian:"privát kulcs",Japanese:"秘密鍵",Polish:"Klucz prywatny",Ukrainian:"закритий ключ"}},"Proof of Authority (PoA)":{term:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus mechanism used in private blockchains, granting a single private key the authority to generate all of the blocks or validate transactions.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Proof of Authority (PoA)","Simplified Chinese":"权威证明（PoA）",French:"Preuve d’autorité (PoA)",German:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Indonesian:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Italian:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Korean:"권한증명(PoA)",Persian:"اثبات اعتبار (PoA)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de autoridade (PoA)",Russian:"Доказательство полномочий (PoA)",Spanish:"prueba de autoridad (PoA)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ด้วยอำนาจ (PoA)",Turkish:"Yetki İspatı (PoA)",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng uỷ quyền (PoA)",Arabic:"خوارزمية إثبات السلطة (PoA)","Traditional Chinese":"權威證明",Dutch:"proof of authority (PoA)",Greek:"Απόδειξη Αρχής (Proof of Authority) (PoA)",Hindi:"प्रूफ ऑफ अथॉरिटी (PoA)",Hungarian:"jogosultság igazolása (JI)",Japanese:"プルーフオブオーソリティ (PoA)",Polish:"Proof Authority – POA (dowód autorytetu)",Ukrainian:"Підтвердження повноважень (PoA)"}},"Proof of Stake (PoS)":{term:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus mechanism in which an individual node, or “validator”, validates transactions or blocks. Validators lock up a certain amount of cryptocurrency, such as ether, into a ‘stake’, in order to be able to participate in consensus. If the node validates a block (group of transactions) correctly, then the validator receives a reward. Conversely, if the validator behaves poorly by validating incorrect transactions or by not maintaining sufficient network connectivity, the cryptocurrency they staked can be ‘slashed’, or taken from them and put out of circulation (‘burned’). PoS requires a negligible amount of computing power compared to Proof of Work consensus.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Proof of Stake (PoS)","Simplified Chinese":"权益证明（PoS）",French:"Preuve d’enjeu (PoS)",German:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Indonesian:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Italian:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Korean:"지분 증명(PoS)",Persian:"اثبات سهام (PoS)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de participação (PoS)",Russian:"Доказательство доли владения (PoS)",Spanish:"prueba de participación (PoS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์แบบมีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย (PoS)",Turkish:"Hisse İspatı (PoS)",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng cổ phần (PoS)",Arabic:"خوارزمية إثبات الحصة (PoS)","Traditional Chinese":"權益證明",Dutch:"proof of stake (PoS)",Greek:"Απόδειξης συμμετοχής (PoS)",Hindi:"प्रूफ ऑफ स्टेक (PoS)",Hungarian:"Tét igazolása (TI)",Japanese:"プルーフオブステーク (PoS)",Polish:"Proof of Stake – PoS (dowód stawki)",Ukrainian:"Доказ частки володіння (PoS)"}},"Proof of Work (PoW)":{term:"Proof of Work (PoW)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus mechanism in which each block is ‘mined’ by one of the nodes, or a group of nodes, on the network. The computational process involved in committing a series of transactions into a block on the network, known as ‘hashing a block’, is technically quite simple, and therefore subject to attack. Under PoW, each miner must solve a math problem to find a set, difficult variable in order to be able to propose their block to the network as the next to be ‘mined’. In effect, the process of hashing each block becomes a competition. This addition of solving for a target increases the difficulty of successfully hashing each block, and consequently the security of the network. For each hashed block, the overall process of hashing will have taken some time and computational effort. Thus, a hashed block is considered Proof of Work, and the miner that successfully hashes the block first receives a reward, in the form of cryptocurrency. PoW is singificantly more energy-intensive than other consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Stake.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Proof of Work (PoW)","Simplified Chinese":"工作量证明（PoW）",French:"Preuve de travail (PoW)",German:"Proof of Work (PoW)",Indonesian:"Proof of Work (PoW)",Italian:"Proof of Work (PoW)",Korean:"작업증명(PoW)",Persian:"اثبات کار (PoW)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de trabalho (PoW)",Russian:"Доказательство работы (PoW)",Spanish:"prueba de trabajo (PoW)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Proof of Work (PoW)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ด้วยการทำงาน (PoW)",Turkish:"İş İspatı (PoW)",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng công việc (PoW)",Arabic:"خوارزمية إثبات العمل (PoW)","Traditional Chinese":"工作量證明",Dutch:"proof of work (PoW)",Greek:"Απόδειξη εργασίας (PoW)",Hindi:"प्रूफ ऑफ वर्क (PoW)",Hungarian:"Munka igazolása (MI)",Japanese:"プルーフオブワーク (PoW)",Polish:"Proof of Work – PoW (dowód wykonania pracy)",Ukrainian:"Доказ виконання роботи (PoW)"}},protocol:{term:"protocol",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Formally speaking, a 'protocol' is a set of rules governing how a process is carried out. This concept is used throughout public blockchain networks and web3 to refer to the way smart contracts execute their functionality in the same way regardless of the user. The products or services built on top of smart contracts are often referred to as 'protocols' by extension.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"protocol","Simplified Chinese":"协议",French:"protocole",German:"Protokoll",Indonesian:"protokol",Italian:"protocollo",Korean:"프로토콜",Persian:"پروتکل","Brazilian Portuguese":"protocolo",Russian:"протокол",Spanish:"protocolo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"protocol",Thai:"โพรโตคอล",Turkish:"protokol",Vietnamese:"giao thức",Arabic:"بروتوكول","Traditional Chinese":"協議",Dutch:"protocol",Greek:"πρωτόκολλο",Hindi:"प्रोटोकॉल",Hungarian:"protokoll",Japanese:"プロトコル",Polish:"protokół",Ukrainian:"протокол"}},"public blockchain":{term:"public blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A globally open network wherein anyone can participate in transactions, participate in the consensus protocol to help determine which blocks get added to the chain, maintain and examine the contents of the chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"public blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"公共区块链",French:"blockchain publique/chaîne de blocs publique",German:"Öffentliche Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain publik",Italian:"blockchain pubblica",Korean:"퍼블릭 블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain pública",Russian:"публичный блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pampublikong blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนสาธารณะ",Turkish:"genel blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối công khai",Arabic:"بلوكتشين عام","Traditional Chinese":"公有鏈",Dutch:"openbare blockchain/public blockchain",Greek:"δημόσια αλυσίδα block",Hindi:"पब्लिक ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"nyilvános blokklánc",Japanese:"パブリックブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain publiczny",Ukrainian:"публічний блокчейн"}},"public key":{term:"public key",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Public blockchain networks are just that: public. Their data is accessible and readable by anyone. In order to have any degree of usability when it comes to allowing users to do some things, like send transactions, but not others, like steal other peoples' tokens, cryptographic technology is used. In particular, a design paradigm known as 'public/private key pairs' is employed to ensure users can interact with others on the network as they wish, while keeping their own account secure. These key pairs consist of two long strings of alphanumeric characters. A public key can be derived mathematically from its corresponding private key, but the inverse is not true: it is mathematically impossible to derive a private key from its corresponding public key. This allows, for example, users to have a public wallet address that anyone can use to send them tokens, with the peace of mind that as long as they properly keep the corresponding private key safe, those tokens cannot be stolen. See also 'private key'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"public key","Simplified Chinese":"公钥",French:"clé publique",German:"Öffentlicher Schlüssel",Indonesian:"kunci publik",Italian:"chiave pubblica",Korean:"공개 키",Persian:"کلید عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"chave pública",Russian:"открытый ключ",Spanish:"clave pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pampublikong key",Thai:"คีย์สาธารณะ",Turkish:"genel anahtar",Vietnamese:"khóa công khai",Arabic:"مفتاح عام","Traditional Chinese":"公開金鑰",Dutch:"publieke sleutel/public key",Greek:"δημόσιο κλειδί",Hindi:"पब्लिक की (key)",Hungarian:"nyilvános kulcs",Japanese:"公開鍵",Polish:"Klucz publiczny",Ukrainian:"відкритий ключ"}},"Public-Key Cryptography":{term:"Public-Key Cryptography",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'public key',see 'Cryptography', see 'blockchain'. Public-Key Cryptography",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Public-Key Cryptography","Simplified Chinese":"公钥加密",French:"Cryptographie à clé publique",German:"Public-Key-Kryptographie",Indonesian:"Kriptografi Kunci Publik",Italian:"Crittografia chiave pubblica",Korean:"공개 키 암호화",Persian:"رمزنگاری کلید عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Criptografia de chave pública",Russian:"Криптография с открытым ключом",Spanish:"criptografía de clave pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pampublikong-Key na Kriptograpiya",Thai:"วิทยาการรหัสลับคีย์สาธารณะ",Turkish:"Açık Anahtarlı Şifreleme",Vietnamese:"Mật mã hoá khóa công khai",Arabic:"تشفير المفتاح العام","Traditional Chinese":"公開金鑰密碼學",Dutch:"asymmetrische cryptografie/publieke-sleutelcryptografie",Greek:"Κρυπτογράφηση δημοσίου κλειδιού",Hindi:"Public-Key Cryptography",Hungarian:"nyilvános kulcsú kriptográfia",Japanese:"公開鍵暗号技術",Polish:"Kryptografia klucza publicznego",Ukrainian:"Криптографія з відкритим ключем"}},"Public-Key Infrastructure":{term:"Public-Key Infrastructure",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a collection of roles, rules, hardware, software, and processes for creating, managing, distributing, using, storing, and revoking digital certificates. Public-Key Infrastructure",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Public-Key Infrastructure","Simplified Chinese":"公钥基础设施",French:"Infrastructure de clé publique",German:"Public-Key-Infrastruktur",Indonesian:"Infrastruktur Kunci Publik",Italian:"Infrastruttura chiave pubblica",Korean:"공개 키 인프라",Persian:"زیرساخت کلید عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Infraestrutura de chave pública",Russian:"Инфраструктура открытых ключей",Spanish:"infraestructura de clave pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pampublikong-Key na Imprastraktura",Thai:"โครงสร้างพื้นฐานคีย์สาธารณะ",Turkish:"Açık Anahtarlı Altyapı",Vietnamese:"Hạ tầng khoá công khai",Arabic:"بنية المفتاح العام","Traditional Chinese":"公開金鑰基礎建設",Dutch:"publieke-sleutelinfrastructuur",Greek:"Υποδομή δημόσιου κλειδιού",Hindi:"Public-Key Infrastructure",Hungarian:"nyilvános kulcsú infrastruktúra",Japanese:"公開鍵暗号基盤",Polish:"Infrastruktura klucza publicznego",Ukrainian:"Інфраструктура відкритих ключів"}},"QR code":{term:"QR code",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A QR code is a type of matrix barcode, constituting a machine-readable optical label that can contain information about the item to which it is attached.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"QR code","Simplified Chinese":"二维码",French:"Code QR",German:"QR-Code",Indonesian:"Kode QR",Italian:"Codice QR",Korean:"QR 코드",Persian:"کیوآر کد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Código QR",Russian:"QR-код",Spanish:"código QR","Filipino (Tagalog)":"QR code",Thai:"รหัส QR",Turkish:"QR kodu",Vietnamese:"Mã QR",Arabic:"رمز الاستجابة السريعة","Traditional Chinese":"QR碼",Dutch:"QR-code",Greek:"κωδικός QR",Hindi:"QR कोड",Hungarian:"QR-kód",Japanese:"QR コード",Polish:"Kod QR",Ukrainian:"Код QR"}},Quorum:{term:"Quorum",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ConsenSys Quorum enables enterprises to leverage Ethereum for their high-value blockchain applications. Businesses can rely on the Quorum open-source protocol layer and integrate on top of it product modules from ConsenSys, other companies, or your own in-house development team to build high-performance, customizable applications. Quorum",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Quorum","Simplified Chinese":"Quorum",French:"Quorum",German:"Quorum",Indonesian:"Quorum",Italian:"Quorum",Korean:"Quorum",Persian:"Quorum","Brazilian Portuguese":"Quorum",Russian:"Quorum",Spanish:"Quorum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Quorum",Thai:"Quorum",Turkish:"Quorum",Vietnamese:"Quorum",Arabic:"Quorum","Traditional Chinese":"Quorum",Dutch:"Quorum",Greek:"Quorum",Hindi:"Quorum",Hungarian:"Quorum",Japanese:"Quorum",Polish:"Quorum",Ukrainian:"Quorum"}},Rarible:{term:"Rarible",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An NFT marketplace.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Rarible","Simplified Chinese":"Rarible",French:"Rarible",German:"Rarible",Indonesian:"Rarible",Italian:"Rarible",Korean:"라리블",Persian:"رریبل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rarible",Russian:"Rarible",Spanish:"Rarible","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rarible",Thai:"Rarible",Turkish:"Rarible",Vietnamese:"Rarible",Arabic:"Rarible","Traditional Chinese":"Rarible",Dutch:"Rarible",Greek:"Rarible",Hindi:"Rarible",Hungarian:"Rarible",Japanese:"Rarible",Polish:"Rarible",Ukrainian:"Rarible"}},relayer:{term:"relayer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A relayer is an intermediary that facilitates the exchange or transfer of information, assets, or services between two or more parties. The term is used in various fields, including finance, communication, and technology. In the context of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, a relayer typically refers to an intermediary that facilitates peer-to-peer transactions on a decentralized network. This can include decentralized exchanges (DEXs), where relayers act as matching engines to connect buyers and sellers of digital assets. A few examples of popular relayers include 0x: 0x is a decentralized exchange protocol that enables the creation of relayers on the Ethereum blockchain. These relayers can be built by anyone and allow for peer-to-peer trading of ERC-20 tokens. Kyber Network: Kyber Network is a decentralized liquidity network that also operates as a relayer. It enables users to trade a wide range of digital assets, including ERC-20 tokens, without the need for a centralized intermediary. Uniswap: Uniswap is a popular decentralized exchange that operates as a relayer. It uses an automated market maker (AMM) system to enable peer-to-peer trading of ERC-20 tokens. AirSwap: AirSwap is a decentralized exchange that operates as a peer-to-peer relayer on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses an off-chain order book to match buyers and sellers and execute trades.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"relayer","Simplified Chinese":"中继器",French:"relayeur",German:"Relayer",Indonesian:"relayer",Italian:"relayer",Korean:"릴레이어",Persian:"رله‌کننده","Brazilian Portuguese":"relayer",Russian:"ретранслятор",Spanish:"repetidor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"tagapaghatid",Thai:"รีเลเยอร์",Turkish:"düzenleyici",Vietnamese:"sàn chuyển tiếp",Arabic:"ناقل","Traditional Chinese":"中繼器",Dutch:"relayer",Greek:"αποδέκτης",Hindi:"रीलेयर (relayer)",Hungarian:"összekötő",Japanese:"リレイヤー",Polish:"Relayer",Ukrainian:"ретранслятор"}},"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)":{term:"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as JSON-RPC, which is its full name; see ‘JSON-RPC’ for further details.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)","Simplified Chinese":"远程过程调用（RPC）",French:"Appel de procédure à distance (RPC)",German:"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)",Indonesian:"Panggilan Prosedur Jarak Jauh (RPC)",Italian:"Chiamata di procedura remota (RPC)",Korean:"원격 프로시저 호출(RPC)",Persian:"فراخوانی رویه از راه دور","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chamada de procedimento remoto (RPC)",Russian:"Удаленный вызов процедур (RPC)",Spanish:"llamada a procedimiento remoto (RPC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)",Thai:"การเรียกโปรแกรมย่อยระยะไกล (PRC)",Turkish:"Uzak Yordam Çağrısı (RPC)",Vietnamese:"Gọi hàm từ xa (RPC)",Arabic:"استدعاء الإجراء البعيد (RPC)","Traditional Chinese":"遠端程序呼叫",Dutch:"remote procedure call (RPC)",Greek:"Κλήση απομακρυσμένης διαδικασίας (RPC)",Hindi:"रिमोट प्रोसीजर कॉल (RPC)",Hungarian:"távoli eljáráshívás (TE)",Japanese:"遠隔手続き呼び出し (RPC)",Polish:"Zdalne wywołanie procedury (RPC)",Ukrainian:"Віддалений виклик процедур (RPC)"}},Rinkeby:{term:"Rinkeby",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; Following the transition to Proof of Stake, Rinkeby scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Rinkeby","Simplified Chinese":"Rinkeby",French:"Rinkeby",German:"Rinkeby",Indonesian:"Rinkeby",Italian:"Rinkeby",Korean:"린케비",Persian:"رینکبای","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rinkeby",Russian:"Rinkeby",Spanish:"Rinkeby","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rinkeby",Thai:"Rinkeby",Turkish:"Rinkeby",Vietnamese:"Rinkeby",Arabic:"Rinkeby","Traditional Chinese":"Rinkeby",Dutch:"Rinkeby",Greek:"Rinkeby",Hindi:"Rinkeby",Hungarian:"Rinkeby",Japanese:"Rinkeby",Polish:"Rinkeby",Ukrainian:"Rinkeby"}},Roadmap:{term:"Roadmap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A planning technique which lays out the short and long term goals of a particular project within a flexible estimated timeline.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Roadmap","Simplified Chinese":"路线图",French:"Feuille de route",German:"Roadmap",Indonesian:"Peta jalan",Italian:"Roadmap",Korean:"로드맵",Persian:"نقشه راه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Roteiro",Russian:"План-график",Spanish:"Hoja de ruta","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Roadmap",Thai:"แผนดำเนินการ",Turkish:"Yol haritası",Vietnamese:"Lộ trình",Arabic:"خارطة الطريق","Traditional Chinese":"路線圖",Dutch:"roadmap",Greek:"Οδικός χάρτης",Hindi:"रोडमैप",Hungarian:"terv",Japanese:"ロードマップ",Polish:"Kompleksowy plan działania",Ukrainian:"Дорожня карта"}},"Rocket Pool":{term:"Rocket Pool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Rocket Pool is a decentralized Ethereum staking pool.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Rocket Pool","Simplified Chinese":"Rocket Pool",French:"Rocket Pool",German:"Rocket Pool",Indonesian:"Rocket Pool",Italian:"Rocket Pool",Korean:"로켓풀",Persian:"راکت پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rocket Pool",Russian:"Rocket Pool",Spanish:"Rocket Pool","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rocket Pool",Thai:"Rocket Pool",Turkish:"Rocket Pool",Vietnamese:"Rocket Pool",Arabic:"Rocket Pool","Traditional Chinese":"Rocket Pool",Dutch:"Rocket Pool",Greek:"Rocket Pool",Hindi:"रॉकेट पूल",Hungarian:"Rocket Pool",Japanese:"Rocket Pool",Polish:"Rocket Pool",Ukrainian:"Rocket Pool"}},rollups:{term:"rollups",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Rollups (pronounced 'roll ups') are one element in the set of tools and infrastructure being built as scaling solutions for the Ethereum network. They consist, in general, of networks which prioritize their ability to compute transactions and smart contract functionality, and then 'roll up' those transactions to Ethereum Mainnet for secure verification of their validity. There are different ways of approaching this problem from a technical point of view, namely Zero Knowledge, or ZK, rollups, and Optimistic rollups. Arbitrum and Optimism are prominent examples. See the entries on both of these types of rollup for more, and more in-depth discussion here.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"rollups","Simplified Chinese":"扩容方案",French:"rollups",German:"Rollups",Indonesian:"rollup",Italian:"rollup",Korean:"롤업",Persian:"رول‌آپ‌ها","Brazilian Portuguese":"rollups",Russian:"роллапы",Spanish:"rollups","Filipino (Tagalog)":"rollups",Thai:"โรลล์อัป",Turkish:"rolluplar",Vietnamese:"tổng hợp",Arabic:"تجميعات","Traditional Chinese":"交易卷",Dutch:"rollups",Greek:"rollups",Hindi:"रॉलअप्स",Hungarian:"rollupok",Japanese:"ロールアップ",Polish:"Rollupy",Ukrainian:"роллапи"}},Ropsten:{term:"Ropsten",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Ropsten","Simplified Chinese":"Ropsten",French:"Ropsten",German:"Ropsten",Indonesian:"Ropsten",Italian:"Ropsten",Korean:"롭스텐",Persian:"راپستن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ropsten",Russian:"Ropsten",Spanish:"Ropsten","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ropsten",Thai:"Ropsten",Turkish:"Ropsten",Vietnamese:"Ropsten",Arabic:"Ropsten","Traditional Chinese":"Ropsten",Dutch:"Ropsten",Greek:"Ropsten",Hindi:"Ropsten",Hungarian:"Ropsten",Japanese:"Ropsten",Polish:"Ropsten",Ukrainian:"Ropsten"}},RPC:{term:"RPC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as JSON-RPC, which is its full name; see 'JSON-RPC' for further details.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"RPC","Simplified Chinese":"RPC（远程过程调用）",French:"RPC",German:"RPC",Indonesian:"RPC",Italian:"RPC",Korean:"RPC",Persian:"RPC","Brazilian Portuguese":"RPC",Russian:"RPC",Spanish:"RPC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"RPC",Thai:"RPC",Turkish:"RPC",Vietnamese:"RPC",Arabic:"استدعاء الإجراء البعيد (RPC)","Traditional Chinese":"遠端程序呼叫",Dutch:"RPC",Greek:"RPC",Hindi:"RPC",Hungarian:"TE",Japanese:"RPC",Polish:"RPC",Ukrainian:"RPC"}},"rug pull":{term:"rug pull",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Similar to the traditional financial scam of a pyramid scheme, a 'rug pull' is a cryptocurrency or crypto-token based scam in which the creators of the token create hype, through injecting liquidity into their token, airdropping, and other schemes, and once investors pile in and boost the price of the token up to a certain point, the creators liquidate their (generally majority) share of the tokens, leaving their investors with next to nothing.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"rug pull","Simplified Chinese":"跑路",French:"escroquerie du tirage de tapis (rug pull)",German:"Rug Pull",Indonesian:"rug pull",Italian:"rug pull",Korean:"러그 풀",Persian:"‏کلاهبرداری راگ پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"puxada de tapete",Russian:"раг-пулл",Spanish:"tirón de alfombra","Filipino (Tagalog)":"rug pull",Thai:"กลโกงแบบหอบหนี",Turkish:"rug pull (halı çekme)",Vietnamese:"rút thảm",Arabic:"هروب المحتالين","Traditional Chinese":"拉地毯",Dutch:"rug pull",Greek:"rug pull",Hindi:"रग पुल (rug pull)",Hungarian:"rug pull",Japanese:"ラグプル",Polish:"Rug pull",Ukrainian:"«витягування килимка»"}},Safeheron:{term:"Safeheron",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Safeheron is an open-source platform for managing digital assets.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Safeheron","Simplified Chinese":"Safeheron",French:"Safeheron",German:"Safeheron",Indonesian:"Safeheron",Italian:"Safeheron",Korean:"세이프헤론",Persian:"Safeheron","Brazilian Portuguese":"Safeheron",Russian:"Safeheron",Spanish:"Safeheron","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Safeheron",Thai:"Safeheron",Turkish:"Safeheron",Vietnamese:"Safeheron",Arabic:"Safeheron","Traditional Chinese":"Safeheron",Dutch:"Safeheron",Greek:"Safeheron",Hindi:"Safeheron",Hungarian:"Safeheron",Japanese:"Safeheron",Polish:"Safeheron",Ukrainian:"Safeheron"}},"Samsung Pay":{term:"Samsung Pay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Samsung Pay is a mobile payment and digital wallet service that lets users make payments using compatible phones and other Samsung-produced devices.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Samsung Pay","Simplified Chinese":"Samsung Pay",French:"Samsung Pay",German:"Samsung Pay",Indonesian:"Samsung Pay",Italian:"Samsung Pay",Korean:"삼성페이",Persian:"پرداخت سامسونگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Samsung Pay",Russian:"Samsung Pay",Spanish:"Samsung Pay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Samsung Pay",Thai:"Samsung Pay",Turkish:"Samsung Pay",Vietnamese:"Samsung Pay",Arabic:"Samsung Pay","Traditional Chinese":"Samsung Pay",Dutch:"Samsung Pay",Greek:"Samsung Pay",Hindi:"Samsung Pay",Hungarian:"Samsung Pay",Japanese:"Samsung Pay",Polish:"Samsung Pay",Ukrainian:"Samsung Pay"}},sandbox:{term:"sandbox",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A testing environment in a computer system in which new or untested software or coding can be run securely.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"sandbox","Simplified Chinese":"沙盒",French:"environnement de test sandbox",German:"Sandbox",Indonesian:"sandbox",Italian:"sandbox",Korean:"샌드박스",Persian:"سندباکس","Brazilian Portuguese":"sandbox",Russian:"«песочница»",Spanish:"entorno de pruebas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sandbox",Thai:"แซนด์บ็อกซ์",Turkish:"sandbox",Vietnamese:"môi trường thử nghiệm",Arabic:"بيئة الاختبار","Traditional Chinese":"沙盒",Dutch:"sandbox",Greek:"sandbox",Hindi:"सैंडबॉक्स",Hungarian:"sandbox (homokozó)",Japanese:"サンドボックス",Polish:"Środowisko testowe / piaskownica",Ukrainian:"пісочниця"}},Sardine:{term:"Sardine",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Sardine is an instant fiat and crypto settlement platform.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Sardine","Simplified Chinese":"Sardine",French:"Sardine",German:"Sardine",Indonesian:"Sardine",Italian:"Sardine",Korean:"Sardine",Persian:"Sardine","Brazilian Portuguese":"Sardine",Russian:"Sardine",Spanish:"Sardine","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Sardine",Thai:"Sardine",Turkish:"Sardine",Vietnamese:"Sardine",Arabic:"منصة Sardine","Traditional Chinese":"Sardine",Dutch:"Sardine",Greek:"Sardine",Hindi:"Sardine",Hungarian:"Sardine",Japanese:"Sardine",Polish:"Sardine",Ukrainian:"Sardine"}},"Satoshi Nakamoto":{term:"Satoshi Nakamoto",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A pseudonymous individual or entity who created the Bitcoin protocol, solving the digital currency issue of the “double spend.” Nakamoto first published their white paper describing the project in 2008, and the first Bitcoin software was released one year later.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Satoshi Nakamoto","Simplified Chinese":"中本聪",French:"Satoshi Nakamoto",German:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Indonesian:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Italian:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Korean:"나카모토 사토시",Persian:"ساتوشی ناکاموتو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Satoshi Nakamoto",Russian:"Сатоши Накамото",Spanish:"Satoshi Nakamoto","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Satoshi Nakamoto",Thai:"ซาโตชิ นากาโมโต",Turkish:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Vietnamese:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Arabic:"ساتوشي ناكاموتو","Traditional Chinese":"Satoshi Nakamoto",Dutch:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Greek:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Hindi:"सातोशी नाकामोटो",Hungarian:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Japanese:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Polish:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Ukrainian:"Сатоші Накамото"}},scalability:{term:"scalability",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A change in size or scale to handle a network’s demands. This word is used to refer to a blockchain project’s ability to handle network traffic, future growth, and capacity in its intended application.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"scalability","Simplified Chinese":"可扩展性",French:"scalabiité",German:"Skalierbarkeit",Indonesian:"skalabilitas",Italian:"scalabilità",Korean:"확장성",Persian:"مقیاس پذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"escalabilidade",Russian:"масштабируемость",Spanish:"escalabilidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"scalability",Thai:"ความสามารถในการปรับขนาด",Turkish:"ölçeklendirilebilirlik",Vietnamese:"khả năng mở rộng",Arabic:"قابلية التوسع","Traditional Chinese":"可擴展性",Dutch:"schaalbaarheid",Greek:"επεκτασιμότητα",Hindi:"स्केलेबिल्टी",Hungarian:"méretezhetőség",Japanese:"スケーラビリティ",Polish:"Skalowalność",Ukrainian:"масштабованість"}},Scaling:{term:"Scaling",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The main goal of scalability is to increase transaction speed (faster finality), and transaction throughput (high transactions per second), without sacrificing decentralization or security.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Scaling","Simplified Chinese":"扩容",French:"Monter en charge / Montée en charge",German:"Skalieren",Indonesian:"Scaling",Italian:"Scaling",Korean:"스케일링",Persian:"مقیاس پذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"Dimensionamento",Russian:"масштабирование",Spanish:"escalado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Scaling",Thai:"ปรับขนาด",Turkish:"Ölçeklendirme",Vietnamese:"Mở rộng quy mô",Arabic:"التوسع","Traditional Chinese":"擴展",Dutch:"opschalen",Greek:"Αλλαγή κλίμακας",Hindi:"स्केलिंग",Hungarian:"méretezés",Japanese:"スケーリング",Polish:"Skalowanie",Ukrainian:"Масштабування"}},Scrypt:{term:"Scrypt",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An alternative proof-of-work (PoW) algorithm to SHA-256, used in Bitcoin mining. Scrypt mining relies more heavily on memory than on pure CPU power, aiming to reduce the advantage that ASICs. Scrypt",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Scrypt","Simplified Chinese":"Scrypt 挖掘算法",French:"Scrypt",German:"Scrypt",Indonesian:"Scrypt",Italian:"Scrypt",Korean:"스크립트",Persian:"اسکریپت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Scrypt",Russian:"Scrypt",Spanish:"scrypt","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Scrypt",Thai:"สคริปต์",Turkish:"Scrypt",Vietnamese:"Scrypt",Arabic:"خوارزمية التعدين Scrypt","Traditional Chinese":"Scrypt",Dutch:"scrypt",Greek:"Συνάρτηση παραγωγής κλειδιού",Hindi:"Scrypt",Hungarian:"Scrypt",Japanese:"Scrypt",Polish:"Scrypt",Ukrainian:"Scrypt"}},"Secret Recovery Phrase":{term:"Secret Recovery Phrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The seed phrase, mnemonic, or Secret Recovery Phrase is a crucial part of public blockchain technology, originally created for Bitcoin, and goes by many names. However, they all refer to a set of ordered words which correspond to determined values. These values never change, and therefore the same string of words in the same order will always produce the same number–this is the underlying functionality that allows seed phrases to back up wallets. This is also where the name ‘hierarchical deterministic wallets’ comes from, as all the accounts in a given wallet are deterministically created from the seed phrase, and they are hierarchically controlled by it. A Secret Recovery Phrase is exactly what it sounds like: something that is secret, and should be known only to the owner of the account. If the seed phrase is given to someone else, that person has complete control over the account; they can drain it of tokens and funds, execute transactions with it, etc. What is a ‘Secret Recovery Phrase’ and how to keep your crypto wallet secure",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Secret Recovery Phrase","Simplified Chinese":"私钥助记词",French:"Phrase secrète de récupération",German:"Geheime Wiederherstellungsphrase",Indonesian:"Frasa Pemulihan Rahasia",Italian:"Frase di recupero segreta",Korean:"비밀복구구문",Persian:"عبارت بازیابی محرمانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Frase secreta de recuperação",Russian:"Секретная фраза для восстановления",Spanish:"frase secreta de recuperación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lihim na Parirala sa Pagbawi",Thai:"วลีกู้คืนรหัส",Turkish:"Gizli Kurtarma İfadesi",Vietnamese:"Cụm từ khôi phục bí mật",Arabic:"عبارة الاسترداد السرية","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"geheime herstelzin",Greek:"Μυστική φράση ανάκτησης",Hindi:"सीक्रेट रिकवरी फ्रेज़",Hungarian:"titkos helyreállítási kifejezés",Japanese:"秘密のリカバリーフレーズ",Polish:"Fraza odzyskiwania",Ukrainian:"Секретна фраза відновлення"}},"Security Token":{term:"Security Token",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A security token is essentially a digital form of traditional securities. There are three primary types of traditional securities: equities, debt and a hybrid of debt and equity. Examples of securities include stocks, bonds, ETFs, options and futures. Hypothetically, any of these things can be tokenized to become a security token. It is possible that in the near future, security tokens could serve as a very viable alternative and competitor to stocks and other traditional securities. Security Token",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Security Token","Simplified Chinese":"证券型代币",French:"Jeton de sécurité",German:"Security Token",Indonesian:"Token Keamanan",Italian:"Security Token",Korean:"보안 토큰",Persian:"توکن اوراق بهادار","Brazilian Portuguese":"Token de segurança",Russian:"Токен безопасности",Spanish:"token de seguridad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Token ng Seguridad",Thai:"โทเค็นหลักทรัพย์",Turkish:"Menkul Kıymet Tokeni",Vietnamese:"Token chứng khoán",Arabic:"توكِنّ ورقة مالية","Traditional Chinese":"證券型代幣",Dutch:"beveiligingstoken",Greek:"Διακριτικό ασφαλείας",Hindi:"Security Token",Hungarian:"biztonsági zseton",Japanese:"セキュリティトークン",Polish:"Token zabezpieczający",Ukrainian:"Токен безпеки"}},"Security Token Offering (STO)":{term:"Security Token Offering (STO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A security token offering (STO) is a form of initial coin offering (ICO) where a company or organization issues a security token that is backed by a tangible asset, such as real estate, technology or other assets. The security token represents the right to ownership of the underlying asset, with the tokens being tradeable on a compliant digital asset exchange. Security Token Offering",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Security Token Offering (STO)","Simplified Chinese":"证券型代币发行（STO）",French:"Offre de jetons de sécurité (STO)",German:"Security-Token-Offering (STO)",Indonesian:"Penawaran Token Keamanan (STO)",Italian:"Security Token Offering (STO)",Korean:"증권형 토큰 공개(STO)",Persian:"عرضه توکن اوراق بهادار (STO)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Oferta de token de segurança (STO)",Russian:"Предложение токенов безопасности (STO)",Spanish:"oferta de tokens de seguridad (STO)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Security Token Offering (STO)",Thai:"การเสนอขายโทเค็นหลักทรัพย์ (STO)",Turkish:"Menkul Kıymet Token Arzı (STO)",Vietnamese:"Cung cấp mã thông báo bảo mật (STO)",Arabic:"عرض توكِنّ الورقة المالية (STO)","Traditional Chinese":"證券型代幣發行",Dutch:"STO (security token offering)",Greek:"Προσφορά διακριτικών ασφαλείας (STO)",Hindi:"सिक्यूरिटी टोकन ऑफरिंग (STO)",Hungarian:"biztonsági zseton ajánlat (BZA)",Japanese:"セキュリティトークンオファリング (STO)",Polish:"STO (Security Token Offering)",Ukrainian:"Пропозиція токенів безпеки (STO)"}},"seed phrase":{term:"seed phrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Another term for Secret Recovery Phrase",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"seed phrase","Simplified Chinese":"助记词",French:"phrase secrète",German:"Seed-Phrase",Indonesian:"seed phrase",Italian:"frase di ripristino",Korean:"시드구문",Persian:"عبارت بازیابی","Brazilian Portuguese":"frase-semente",Russian:"сид-фраза",Spanish:"frase semilla","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pariralang binhi",Thai:"ซีดเฟส",Turkish:"anahtar cümle",Vietnamese:"cụm từ khôi phục",Arabic:"العبارة الأولية","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"seed phrase",Greek:"seed phrase",Hindi:"सीड फ्रेज़",Hungarian:"magkifejezés",Japanese:"シードフレーズ",Polish:"Fraza seed",Ukrainian:"сід-фраза"}},"self-custody (noun)":{term:"self-custody (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Self-custodial' refers to the fact that it's you ('self') who holds your wallet's private key(s). A self-custodial wallet eliminates the third party between you and your crypto-assets, which is more suitable for some people.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"self-custody (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"自主托管",French:"Détention en propre",German:"Selbstverwahrung",Indonesian:"penyimpanan mandiri (noun)",Italian:"self-custody (noun)",Korean:"자기 양육권 (명사)",Persian:"خود حضانتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"autocustódia",Russian:"самодепозитарий",Spanish:"autocustodia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sariling kustodiya (pangngalan)",Thai:"การเก็บรักษาเอง",Turkish:"self-custody (emanet edilmeyen)",Vietnamese:"tự quản (danh từ)",Arabic:"الحفظ الذاتي","Traditional Chinese":"用者自理",Dutch:"self-custody/zelfbewaring/eigen beheer",Greek:"αυτοεπιμέλεια",Hindi:"सेल्फ-कस्टडी (नाउन)",Hungarian:"öngondnokság",Japanese:"セルフカストディ",Polish:"Samodzielne zarządzanie",Ukrainian:"самостійне зберігання"}},"self-executing":{term:"self-executing",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A smart contract is a self-executing contract: a computer program that automatically executes the terms of a contract when certain conditions are met.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"self-executing","Simplified Chinese":"自动执行",French:"Auto-exécution",German:"selbstausführend",Indonesian:"eksekusi mandiri",Italian:"auto-esecuzione",Korean:"셀프 커스터디",Persian:"خود اجراشونده","Brazilian Portuguese":"autoexecutável",Russian:"самоисполняющийся",Spanish:"autoejecutable","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sariling pagpapatupad",Thai:"ดำเนินการเอง",Turkish:"kendiliğinden uygulanan",Vietnamese:"tự thực hiện",Arabic:"ذاتي التنفيذ","Traditional Chinese":"自動執行",Dutch:"zelfuitvoerend",Greek:"αυτοδικαίως εκτελεστή",Hindi:"सेल्फ-एक्सीक्यूटिंग",Hungarian:"önvégrehajtó",Japanese:"自動実行型",Polish:"Samowykonalność",Ukrainian:"самовиконуваний"}},Sepolia:{term:"Sepolia",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Sepolia is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the blockchain (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ETH on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to mainnet",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Sepolia","Simplified Chinese":"Sepolia",French:"Sepolia",German:"Sepolia",Indonesian:"Sepolia",Italian:"Sepolia",Korean:"Sepolia",Persian:"سپولیا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Sepolia",Russian:"Sepolia",Spanish:"Sepolia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Sepolia",Thai:"Sepolia",Turkish:"Sepolia",Vietnamese:"Sepolia",Arabic:"Sepolia","Traditional Chinese":"Sepolia",Dutch:"Sepolia",Greek:"Sepolia",Hindi:"Sepolia",Hungarian:"Sepolia",Japanese:"Sepolia",Polish:"Sepolia",Ukrainian:"Sepolia"}},Serenity:{term:"Serenity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Ethereum network is working on a series of technical upgrades that will allow massive increases in transaction throughput, amongst other things. The plan that outlined these changes was originally referred to as 'Serenity', although that name has become less popular, in favor of specific definitions of the upgrades themselves.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Serenity","Simplified Chinese":"Serenity",French:"Serenity",German:"Serenity",Indonesian:"Serenity",Italian:"Serenity",Korean:"세레니티",Persian:"سرنیتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Serenity",Russian:"Serenity",Spanish:"Serenity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Serenity",Thai:"Serenity",Turkish:"Serenity",Vietnamese:"Serenity",Arabic:"ترقية Serenity","Traditional Chinese":"Serenity",Dutch:"Serenity",Greek:"Serenity",Hindi:"Serenity",Hungarian:"Serenity",Japanese:"セレニティ",Polish:"Serenity",Ukrainian:"Serenity"}},serialization:{term:"serialization",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The process of converting a data structure into a sequence of bytes. Ethereum internally uses an encoding format called recursive-length prefix encoding (RLP).",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"serialization","Simplified Chinese":"序列化",French:"sérialisation",German:"Serialisierung",Indonesian:"serialisasi",Italian:"serializzazione",Korean:"직렬화",Persian:"دنباله‌سازی","Brazilian Portuguese":"serialização",Russian:"сериализация",Spanish:"serialización","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagse-serye",Thai:"การเรียงลำดับอนุกรม",Turkish:"serileştirme",Vietnamese:"tuần tự hóa",Arabic:"عملية التسلسل","Traditional Chinese":"序列化",Dutch:"serialisatie",Greek:"σειριοποίηση",Hindi:"सीरियलाइज़ेशन",Hungarian:"sorozatosítás",Japanese:"シリアル化",Polish:"Serializacja",Ukrainian:"серіалізація"}},"Shard chain":{term:"Shard chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A proof-of-stake chain that is coordinated by the Beacon Chain and secured by validators. There will be 64 added to the network as part of the shard chain upgrade. Shard chains will offer increased transaction throughput for Ethereum by providing additional data to layer 2 solutions like optimistic rollups and ZK-rollups.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Shard chain","Simplified Chinese":"分片区块链",French:"chaîne de fragment",German:"Shard Chain",Indonesian:"Chain pecahan",Italian:"Shard chain",Korean:"샤드체인",Persian:"زنجیره شارد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cadeia de fragmentos",Russian:"Шардчейн",Spanish:"cadena de fragmentos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Chain ng pagpipira-piraso",Thai:"ชาร์ดเชน",Turkish:"Parça zincir",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi phân đoạn",Arabic:"سلسلة مجزأة","Traditional Chinese":"分片鏈",Dutch:"shard chain",Greek:"Αλυσίδα Θραυσμάτων",Hindi:"शार्ड (Shard) चेन",Hungarian:"szilánk lánc",Japanese:"シャードチェーン",Polish:"Łańcuch odłamkowy (shard chain)",Ukrainian:"Ланцюжок сегментів"}},"sharding (noun)":{term:"sharding (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Sharding, in public blockchains, refers to splitting an entire network into multiple portions, called “shards.” Each shard would contain its own independent state, meaning a unique set of account balances and smart contracts. Sharding is currently being investigated and developed as one of the set of tools and solutions for scaling Ethereum.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"sharding (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"分片",French:"fragmentation (nom)",German:"Sharding",Indonesian:"pemecahan (noun)",Italian:"sharding (noun)",Korean:"샤딩(명사)",Persian:"شاردینگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"fragmentação",Russian:"шардинг",Spanish:"fragmentación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagpipira-piraso (pangngalan)",Thai:"การแบ่งชาร์ด",Turkish:"sharding (bölme)",Vietnamese:"phân đoạn (danh từ)",Arabic:"تجزئة الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"分片",Dutch:"sharding",Greek:"Θραύσμα",Hindi:"शार्डिंग (sharding) (नाउन)",Hungarian:"szilánkosítás (sharding)",Japanese:"シャーディング",Polish:"Sharding",Ukrainian:"шардування"}},"Shielded Transaction":{term:"Shielded Transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A shielded transaction is essentially a transaction that is between two shielded addresses. Shielded Transaction",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Shielded Transaction","Simplified Chinese":"隐私交易",French:"Transaction protégée",German:"Abgeschirmte Transaktion",Indonesian:"Translaksi Terlindung",Italian:"Transazione protetta",Korean:"차폐 트랜잭션",Persian:"تراکنش محافظت‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Transação blindada",Russian:"Защищенная транзакция",Spanish:"transacción blindada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Shielded na Transaksyon",Thai:"ธุรกรรมที่มีการป้องกัน",Turkish:"Korumalı İşlem",Vietnamese:"Giao dịch được bảo vệ",Arabic:"معاملة مُحصنة","Traditional Chinese":"匿名交易",Dutch:"afgeschermde transactie",Greek:"Προστατευμένη συναλλαγή",Hindi:"Shielded Transaction",Hungarian:"védett tranzakció",Japanese:"秘匿化済みトランザクション",Polish:"Ukryta transakcja",Ukrainian:"Захищена транзакція"}},sidechain:{term:"sidechain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A ‘sidechain’ refers to a chain that is connected to another (most often, to Ethereum) through a bridge, allowing assets to be transferred between them. In contrast to a Layer 2 network or a rollup, a sidechain is a full blockchain network in and of itself, and does not rely on Ethereum for consensus. It therefore must be evaluated independently in terms of its security, stability, and other features. See also “blockchain trilemma”, “modular blockchain”. Note: Bridges exist for good reason; sending tokens from a sidechain to Ethereum mainnet or vice versa would result in token loss.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"sidechain","Simplified Chinese":"侧链",French:"chaîne latérale/blockchain secondaire",German:"Sidechain",Indonesian:"sidechain",Italian:"sidechain",Korean:"사이드체인",Persian:"زنجیره جانبی","Brazilian Portuguese":"sidechain",Russian:"сайдчейн",Spanish:"cadena lateral","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sidechain",Thai:"เชนข้างเคียง",Turkish:"yan zincir",Vietnamese:"chuỗi phụ",Arabic:"سلسلة جانبية","Traditional Chinese":"側鏈",Dutch:"sidechain",Greek:"πλευρική αλυσίδα",Hindi:"साइडचेन",Hungarian:"oldallánc",Japanese:"サイドチェーン",Polish:"Łańcuch boczny",Ukrainian:"сайдчейн"}},"Signature (Cryptographic)":{term:"Signature (Cryptographic)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'Digital signature'",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Signature (Cryptographic)","Simplified Chinese":"签名（加密）",French:"Signature numérique (cryptographie)",German:"Signatur (kryptografisch)",Indonesian:"Tanda Tangan (Kriptografik)",Italian:"Firma (crittata)",Korean:"서명(암호화)",Persian:"امضا (رمزنگاری)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Assinatura (criptográfica)",Russian:"Подпись (Криптографическая)",Spanish:"firma (criptográfica)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lagda (Kriptograpiya)",Thai:"ลายเซ็น (วิทยาการรหัสลับ)",Turkish:"İmza (Kriptografik)",Vietnamese:"Chữ ký (Mật mã hoá)",Arabic:"التوقيع (تشفير)","Traditional Chinese":"簽章",Dutch:"handtekening",Greek:"Υπογραφή (Κρυπτογραφική)",Hindi:"सिग्नेचर (क्रिप्टोग्राफ़िक)",Hungarian:"aláírás (kriptográfiai)",Japanese:"署名",Polish:"Podpis (kryptograficzny)",Ukrainian:"Підпис (криптографічний)"}},"slashing condition":{term:"slashing condition",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Under a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, a slashing condition is one that causes the validator's deposit to be destroyed when they trigger it. See also 'Proof of Stake'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"slashing condition","Simplified Chinese":"削减条件",French:"condition de hachage",German:"Slashing-Bedingung",Indonesian:"kondisi slashing",Italian:"condizione di slash",Korean:"슬래싱 조건",Persian:"شرط کاهنده","Brazilian Portuguese":"condição de corte",Russian:"условие слэшинга",Spanish:"condición de corte","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kondisyon ng paglaslas",Thai:"เงื่อนไขลงโทษ",Turkish:"slashing ceza durumu",Vietnamese:"điều kiện phạt",Arabic:"شرط الشطب","Traditional Chinese":"刪砍條件",Dutch:"slashing condition",Greek:"συνθήκη slashing",Hindi:"स्लैशिंग (slashing) कंडीशन",Hungarian:"fenyegető állapot",Japanese:"スラッシュ条件",Polish:"Slashing",Ukrainian:"умова скорочення"}},slippage:{term:"slippage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Slippage is the expected percentage difference between a quoted and an executed price.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"slippage","Simplified Chinese":"滑移",French:"slippage / effet de glissement",German:"Slippage",Indonesian:"slippage",Italian:"slippage",Korean:"슬리피지",Persian:"لغزش قیمت","Brazilian Portuguese":"slippage",Russian:"проскальзывание",Spanish:"deslizamiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"slippage",Thai:"ค่าความคลาดเคลื่อน",Turkish:"kayma",Vietnamese:"trượt giá",Arabic:"الانزلاق السعري","Traditional Chinese":"滑點",Dutch:"slippage",Greek:"απόκλιση",Hindi:"स्लिपेज (slippage)",Hungarian:"csúszás",Japanese:"スリッページ",Polish:"Poślizg cenowy",Ukrainian:"прослизання"}},slot:{term:"slot",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In Proof of Stake consensus in Ethereum, a 'slot' is a period of time equivalent to 12 seconds; 32 slots make up an 'epoch'. Slots are significant in that for each slot, a different validator node is randomly chosen to propose blocks to the network, and a different committee of validators are chosen to vote on whether each block is valid",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"slot","Simplified Chinese":"时间间隔（Slot）",French:"slot",German:"Slot",Indonesian:"slot",Italian:"slot",Korean:"슬롯",Persian:"اسلات","Brazilian Portuguese":"espaço",Russian:"слот",Spanish:"ranura","Filipino (Tagalog)":"puwang",Thai:"สล็อต",Turkish:"slot",Vietnamese:"khe thời gian",Arabic:"فاصل زمني","Traditional Chinese":"時隙",Dutch:"slot",Greek:"χρονικό διάστημα",Hindi:"स्लॉट",Hungarian:"rés",Japanese:"スロット",Polish:"Slot",Ukrainian:"слот"}},"smart contract":{term:"smart contract",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Smart contracts are programs that have been published on a public blockchain, and can be used by anyone. While they often contain agreements or sets of actions between parties that emulate a traditional legal contract, they are not, in and of themselves, legal documents. Smart contracts are automated actions that can be coded and executed once a set of conditions is met, and are the dominant form of programming on the Ethereum Virtual Machine.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"smart contract","Simplified Chinese":"智能合约",French:"contrat intelligent",German:"Smart Contract",Indonesian:"kontrak cerdas",Italian:"smart contract",Korean:"스마트 계약",Persian:"قرارداد هوشمند","Brazilian Portuguese":"contrato inteligente",Russian:"смарт-контракт",Spanish:"contrato inteligente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"smart na kontrata",Thai:"สมาร์ตคอนแทรกต์",Turkish:"akıllı sözleşme",Vietnamese:"hợp đồng thông minh",Arabic:"عقد ذكي","Traditional Chinese":"智能合約",Dutch:"slim contract",Greek:"έξυπνη σύμβαση",Hindi:"स्मार्ट कॉन्ट्रैक्ट",Hungarian:"Smart Contract",Japanese:"スマートコントラクト",Polish:"Smart kontrakt (kontrakt inteligentny)",Ukrainian:"смарт-контракт"}},snap:{term:"snap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A program or piece of code that extends the functionality of MetaMask by using the MetaMask Snaps framework.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"snap","Simplified Chinese":"Snap",French:"Snap",German:"Snap",Indonesian:"Snap",Italian:"Snap",Korean:"Snap",Persian:"Snap","Brazilian Portuguese":"Snap",Russian:"Snap",Spanish:"Snap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Snap",Thai:"Snap",Turkish:"Snap",Vietnamese:"Snap",Arabic:"Snap","Traditional Chinese":"Snap",Dutch:"Snap",Greek:"Snap",Hindi:"Snap",Hungarian:"Snap",Japanese:"Snap",Polish:"Snap",Ukrainian:"Snap"}},"soft fork":{term:"soft fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A change to the blockchain protocol resulting in only previously valid blocks and transactions being made invalid. Since old nodes will recognize the new blocks as valid, a soft fork is backward-compatible. However, this can result in a potential divide in the blockchain, as the old software generates blocks that read as invalid according to the new rules. Contrast with 'hard fork'; for more basic information regarding forks, see 'fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"soft fork","Simplified Chinese":"软分叉",French:"fork doux",German:"Soft Fork",Indonesian:"soft fork",Italian:"soft fork",Korean:"소프트 포크",Persian:"انشعاب نرم","Brazilian Portuguese":"soft fork",Russian:"софтфорк",Spanish:"bifurcación suave","Filipino (Tagalog)":"soft fork",Thai:"การแยกอสมบูรณ์",Turkish:"yumuşak çatal",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh mềm",Arabic:"انقسام بسيط (هارد فورك)","Traditional Chinese":"軟分叉",Dutch:"soft fork",Greek:"soft fork",Hindi:"सॉफ्ट फोर्क",Hungarian:"puha villa",Japanese:"ソフトフォーク",Polish:"Soft fork",Ukrainian:"софт-форк"}},"Software Development Kit (SDK)":{term:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A software development kit is a collection of software development tools in one installable package. They facilitate the creation of applications by having a compiler, debugger and sometimes a software framework. See 'MetaMask SDK'",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Software Development Kit (SDK)","Simplified Chinese":"软件开发工具包（SDK）",French:"Kit de développement logiciel (SDK)",German:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Indonesian:"Kit Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak (SDK)",Italian:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Korean:"소프트웨어 개발 키트(SDK)",Persian:"کیت توسعه نرم‌افزار (SDK)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Kit de desenvolvimento de software (SDK)",Russian:"Комплект для разработки программного обеспечения (SDK)",Spanish:"kit de desarrollo de software (SDK)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Thai:"ชุดพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์ (SDK)",Turkish:"Yazılım Geliştirme Kiti (SDK)",Vietnamese:"Bộ công cụ phát triển phần mềm (SDK)",Arabic:"مجموعة تطوير البرمجيات (SDK)","Traditional Chinese":"軟體開發套件",Dutch:"SDK (software development kit)",Greek:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Hindi:"सॉफ्टवेयर डेवलपमेंट किट (SDK)",Hungarian:"szoftverfejlesztő készlet (SZK)",Japanese:"ソフトウェア開発キット (SDK)",Polish:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Ukrainian:"Комплект для розробки програмного забезпечення (SDK)"}},Solidity:{term:"Solidity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The programming language developers use to write smart contracts on the Ethereum network. See also ‘smart contract’. Solidity",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Solidity","Simplified Chinese":"Solidity",French:"Solidity",German:"Solidity",Indonesian:"Solidity",Italian:"Solidity",Korean:"솔리디티",Persian:"سالیدیتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Solidity",Russian:"Solidity",Spanish:"Solidity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Solidity",Thai:"Solidity",Turkish:"Solidity",Vietnamese:"Solidity",Arabic:"لغة البرمجة Solidity","Traditional Chinese":"Solidity",Dutch:"Solidity",Greek:"Solidity",Hindi:"Solidity",Hungarian:"Solidity",Japanese:"Solidity",Polish:"Solidity",Ukrainian:"Solidity"}},stablecoin:{term:"stablecoin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A cryptocurrency whose value has been ‘pegged’ to that of something considered a ‘stable’ asset, like fiat currency or gold. It theoretically remains stable in price, as it is measured against a known amount of an asset which should be less subject to fluctuation. Always spelled as one word. User Guide: Tokens",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"stablecoin","Simplified Chinese":"稳定币",French:"Stablecoin (monnaie stable)",German:"Stablecoin",Indonesian:"stablecoin",Italian:"stablecoin",Korean:"스테이블코인",Persian:"استیبل کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"stablecoin",Russian:"стейблкоин",Spanish:"moneda estable","Filipino (Tagalog)":"stablecoin",Thai:"สเตเบิลคอยน์",Turkish:"stabil kripto para",Vietnamese:"đồng ổn định",Arabic:"عملة مستقرة","Traditional Chinese":"穩定幣",Dutch:"stablecoin",Greek:"stablecoin",Hindi:"स्टेबलकॉइन",Hungarian:"stabil érme",Japanese:"ステーブルコイン",Polish:"Stablecoin",Ukrainian:"стейблкойн"}},"staking (noun)":{term:"staking (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"On the Ethereum Proof of Stake network, those wishing to participate in consensus must first lock up, or ‘stake’, 32 ETH into a smart contract; this ETH may be ‘slashed’ (taken from them and ‘burned’, put out of circulation) in the event that their validator behaves maliciously or does not meet performance requirements. Similar Proof of Stake mechanisms are in operation on other networks, as well. Although this is the canonical meaning of the word, similar actions taken at the level of a decentralized exchange (DEX) or another dapp are often called ‘staking’, though it would probably be more accurate and descriptive to just call this ‘locking up tokens’.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"staking (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"质押",French:"staking (nom)",German:"Staking",Indonesian:"staking (noun)",Italian:"staking (noun)",Korean:"스테이킹(명사)",Persian:"سپرده‌گذاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"staking",Russian:"стейкинг",Spanish:"staking","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagtataya (pangngalan)",Thai:"การฝาก",Turkish:"stake etme",Vietnamese:"ký gửi (danh từ)",Arabic:"الربط","Traditional Chinese":"幣安質押",Dutch:"staking",Greek:"συμμετοχή",Hindi:"स्टेकिंग (नाउन)",Hungarian:"tét",Japanese:"ステーキング",Polish:"Staking",Ukrainian:"стейкинг"}},state:{term:"state",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The set of data that a blockchain network strictly needs to keep track of, and that represents data currently relevant to applications on the chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"state","Simplified Chinese":"状态",French:"état",German:"Status",Indonesian:"state",Italian:"stato",Korean:"상태",Persian:"وضعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"estado",Russian:"стейт",Spanish:"estado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"estado",Thai:"สถานะ",Turkish:"durum",Vietnamese:"trạng thái",Arabic:"حالة","Traditional Chinese":"state",Dutch:"status",Greek:"state",Hindi:"स्टेट",Hungarian:"állapot",Japanese:"ステート",Polish:"Stan",Ukrainian:"стан"}},"state channels":{term:"state channels",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"State channels are part of the set of tools and platforms involved in scaling Ethereum. While a complex topic, state channels are essentially methods through which the current 'state' of the blockchain can be exported, and then based on that, any given number of transactions can take place off-chain, and then be moved back onto the main Ethereum chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"state channels","Simplified Chinese":"状态通道",French:"canaux d’état",German:"Statuskanäle",Indonesian:"saluran state",Italian:"canali di stato",Korean:"상태 채널",Persian:"کانال‌های وضعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"canais de estado",Russian:"Каналы состояния",Spanish:"canales de estado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mga channel ng estado",Thai:"แชนแนลสถานะ",Turkish:"durum kanalları",Vietnamese:"kênh trạng thái",Arabic:"قنوات الحالة","Traditional Chinese":"狀態通道",Dutch:"statuskanalen",Greek:"state channels",Hindi:"स्टेट चैनल्स",Hungarian:"állapoti csatornák",Japanese:"ステートチャネル",Polish:"Kanały stanu",Ukrainian:"канали стану"}},Streaming:{term:"Streaming",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Money streaming represents the idea of continuous payments over time. Block numbers are used to measure time in the blockchain and continuously update the balances of the parties in the contract.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Streaming","Simplified Chinese":"资金流",French:"Continu",German:"Streaming",Indonesian:"Streaming",Italian:"Streaming",Korean:"스트리밍",Persian:"جریان پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"Fluxo",Russian:"Стриминг",Spanish:"flujo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Streaming",Thai:"สตรีม",Turkish:"Streaming",Vietnamese:"Thanh toán liên tục",Arabic:"تدفق","Traditional Chinese":"金流",Dutch:"streaming",Greek:"Ροή",Hindi:"स्ट्रीमिंग",Hungarian:"streaming",Japanese:"ストリーミング",Polish:"Streaming",Ukrainian:"Потокова передача"}},"swap (noun)":{term:"swap (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As the number of different blockchain projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users exchange one token for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap. Within MetaMask, users have access to a powerful aggregator showing them information about swaps across the ecosystem, this is MetaMask Swaps: User Guide Swaps",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"swap (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"兑换",French:"swap (nom)",German:"Swap",Indonesian:"penukaran (noun)",Italian:"scambio (noun)",Korean:"스왑(명사)",Persian:"تغییر دادن","Brazilian Portuguese":"troca",Russian:"своп",Spanish:"intercambio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"palitan (pangngalan)",Thai:"การแลกเปลี่ยน",Turkish:"swap",Vietnamese:"hoán đổi (danh từ)",Arabic:"مبادلة","Traditional Chinese":"交換",Dutch:"swap",Greek:"εναλλαγή",Hindi:"स्वैप (नाउन)",Hungarian:"csere",Japanese:"スワップ",Polish:"Wymiana",Ukrainian:"своп"}},"Swap /MetaSwap":{term:"Swap /MetaSwap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As the number of different blockchain projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users exchange one token for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Swap /MetaSwap","Simplified Chinese":"Swap /MetaSwap",French:"Swap/Metswap",German:"Swap/MetaSwap",Indonesian:"Swap /MetaSwap",Italian:"Swap /MetaSwap",Korean:"스왑/메타스왑",Persian:"مبادله/MetaSwap","Brazilian Portuguese":"Troca /MetaSwap",Russian:"Своп /MetaSwap",Spanish:"intercambio/metaintercambio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Swap /MetaSwap",Thai:"Swap /MetaSwap",Turkish:"Swap /MetaSwap",Vietnamese:"Hoán đổi/MetaSwap",Arabic:"المبادلة / MetaSwap","Traditional Chinese":"交換",Dutch:"swap/MetaSwap",Greek:"Εναλλαγή/MetaSwap",Hindi:"स्वैप/मेटास्वैप",Hungarian:"Swap/MetaSwap",Japanese:"Swap /MetaSwap",Polish:"Swap / MetaSwap",Ukrainian:"Swap /MetaSwap"}},szabo:{term:"szabo",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A denomination of ETH. See also 'ether (denominations)'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"szabo","Simplified Chinese":"szabo",French:"szabo",German:"Szabo",Indonesian:"szabo",Italian:"szabo",Korean:"재보",Persian:"سابو","Brazilian Portuguese":"szabo",Russian:"сабо",Spanish:"szabo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"szabo",Thai:"ซาโบ",Turkish:"szabo",Vietnamese:"szabo",Arabic:"سزابو (szabo)","Traditional Chinese":"szabo",Dutch:"szabo",Greek:"szabo",Hindi:"szabo",Hungarian:"szabo",Japanese:"szabo",Polish:"Szabo",Ukrainian:"сабо"}},"testnet (test network)":{term:"testnet (test network)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A testnet is a blockchain network that mirrors, as closely as possible, the current conditions of a corresponding ‘main’ network. Testnets are used by developers to verify that their smart contracts and other functionality work as intended, before permanently recording their code to a live blockchain network (and often spending significant gas fees in the process!). Tokens minted on testnets are not transferrable for their equivalent value on mainnets.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"testnet (test network)","Simplified Chinese":"测试网",French:"testnet (réseau de test)",German:"Testnet (Testnetzwerk)",Indonesian:"testnet (jaringan tes)",Italian:"testnet (test network)",Korean:"테스트넷(테스트 네트워크)",Persian:"شبکه آزمایشی","Brazilian Portuguese":"testnet (rede de teste)",Russian:"тестнет (тестовая сеть)",Spanish:"testnet (red de prueba)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"testnet (test network)",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ",Turkish:"test ağı",Vietnamese:"testnet (mạng thử nghiệm)",Arabic:"شبكة الاختبار (testnet)","Traditional Chinese":"測試網",Dutch:"testnet (testnetwerk)",Greek:"testnet (test network)",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट (टैस्ट नेटवर्क)",Hungarian:"teszthálózat (teszthálózat)",Japanese:"テストネット (テストネットワーク)",Polish:"Testnet (sieć testowa)",Ukrainian:"testnet (тестова мережа)"}},"Testnet Kovan":{term:"Testnet Kovan",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; website here.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Testnet Kovan","Simplified Chinese":"Testnet Kovan",French:"Testnet Kovan",German:"Testnet Kovan",Indonesian:"Testnet Kovan",Italian:"Testnet Kovan",Korean:"테스트넷 코반",Persian:"شبکه آزمایش کوان","Brazilian Portuguese":"Testnet Kovan",Russian:"Тестнет Kovan",Spanish:"red de pruebas Kovan","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Testnet Kovan",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ Kovan",Turkish:"Testnet Kovan",Vietnamese:"Mạng thử nghiệm Kovan",Arabic:"شبكة اختبار Kovan","Traditional Chinese":"Testnet Kovan",Dutch:"testnet Kovan",Greek:"Testnet Kovan",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट Kovan",Hungarian:"Kovan Teszthálózat",Japanese:"テストネット Kovan",Polish:"Testnet Kovan",Ukrainian:"Kovan Testnet"}},"Testnet Rinkeby":{term:"Testnet Rinkeby",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; faucet here. Following the transition to Proof of Stake, Rinkeby scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Testnet Rinkeby","Simplified Chinese":"Testnet Rinkeby",French:"Testnet Rinkeby",German:"Testnet Rinkeby",Indonesian:"Testnet Rinkeby",Italian:"Testnet Rinkeby",Korean:"테스트넷 린케비",Persian:"شبکه آزمایشی رینکبای","Brazilian Portuguese":"Testnet Rinkeby",Russian:"Тестнет Rinkeby",Spanish:"red de pruebas Rinkeby","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Testnet Rinkeby",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ Rinkeby",Turkish:"Testnet Rinkeby",Vietnamese:"Mạng thử nghiệm Rinkeby",Arabic:"شبكة اختبار Rinkeby","Traditional Chinese":"Testnet Rinkeby",Dutch:"testnet Rinkeby",Greek:"Testnet Rinkeby",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट Rinkeby",Hungarian:"Rinkeby teszthálózat",Japanese:"テストネット Rinkeby",Polish:"Testnet Rinkeby",Ukrainian:"Rinkeby Testnet"}},"Testnet Ropsten":{term:"Testnet Ropsten",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Testnet Ropsten","Simplified Chinese":"Testnet Ropsten",French:"Testnet Ropsten",German:"Testnet Ropsten",Indonesian:"Testnet Ropsten",Italian:"Testnet Ropsten",Korean:"테스트넷 롭스텐",Persian:"شبکه آزمایشی راپستن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Testnet Ropsten",Russian:"Тестнет Ropsten",Spanish:"red de pruebas Ropsten","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Testnet Ropsten",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ Ropsten",Turkish:"Testnet Ropsten",Vietnamese:"Mạng thử nghiệm Ropsten",Arabic:"شبكة اختبار Ropsten","Traditional Chinese":"Testnet Ropsten",Dutch:"testnet Ropsten",Greek:"Testnet Ropsten",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट Ropsten",Hungarian:"Ropsten teszthálózat",Japanese:"テストネット Ropsten",Polish:"Testnet Ropsten",Ukrainian:"Ropsten Testnet"}},token:{term:"token",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token represents an asset issued on an existing blockchain; the transfer of tokens and the addresses that currently hold them are the subject of the network’s consensus activities. There are many types of tokens; see also ‘ERC-20’ and ‘ERC-721’ entries.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"token","Simplified Chinese":"代币",French:"jeton",German:"Token",Indonesian:"token",Italian:"token",Korean:"토큰",Persian:"توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"token",Russian:"токен",Spanish:"token","Filipino (Tagalog)":"token",Thai:"โทเค็น",Turkish:"token",Vietnamese:"token",Arabic:"توكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"代幣",Dutch:"token",Greek:"συμβολικό νόμισμα",Hindi:"टोकन",Hungarian:"zseton",Japanese:"トークン",Polish:"Token",Ukrainian:"токен"}},"token lockup":{term:"token lockup",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token lock-up refers to a mechanism where certain tokens or cryptocurrency holdings are locked up or frozen for a specified period of time to restrict their transfer or sale. This is often used in the context of initial coin offerings (ICOs), where token issuers may require investors to commit to holding onto their tokens for a certain period, typically to ensure that investors are committed to the project's long-term success. Token lock-up periods can vary in duration and can be predetermined or set according to certain conditions, such as reaching a certain milestone, liquidity event or network upgrade. During the lock-up period, the tokens cannot be transferred or sold, although in some cases, they may be staked or used to participate in certain network activities. Once the lock-up period is over, the tokens can be freely traded or sold.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"token lockup","Simplified Chinese":"代币锁定",French:"blocage de jetons",German:"Token-Lockup",Indonesian:"penguncian token",Italian:"lock-up del token",Korean:"토큰 락업",Persian:"قفل شدن توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloqueio de token",Russian:"блокировка токена",Spanish:"bloqueo de tokens","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pag-lock ng token",Thai:"ล็อกโทเค็น",Turkish:"token kilitlenmesi",Vietnamese:"khoá token",Arabic:"احتجاز التوكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"代幣鎖倉",Dutch:"token-lock-up",Greek:"κλείδωμα συμβολικών νομισμάτων",Hindi:"टोकन लॉकअप",Hungarian:"zseton zárolás",Japanese:"トークンロックアップ",Polish:"Lock-up tokena",Ukrainian:"блокування токенів"}},"Token standard":{term:"Token standard",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155, etc.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Token standard","Simplified Chinese":"代币标准",French:"Jeton standard",German:"Token-Standard",Indonesian:"Standar token",Italian:"Standard del Token",Korean:"토큰 표준",Persian:"استاندارد توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Padrão de token",Russian:"Стандарт токена",Spanish:"Estándar de tokenes","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamantayan ng token",Thai:"มาตรฐานโทเค็น",Turkish:"Token standardı",Vietnamese:"Tiêu chuẩn token",Arabic:"معيار التوكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"代幣標準",Dutch:"tokenstandaard",Greek:"Τυπικό συμβολικό νόμισμα",Hindi:"टोकन स्टैंडर्ड",Hungarian:"zseton szabvány",Japanese:"トークン規格",Polish:"Standard tokena",Ukrainian:"Стандарт токенів"}},"Total Value Locked (TVL)":{term:"Total Value Locked (TVL)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Total Value Locked, or TVL, is a common expression used in many contexts across the crypto ecosystem, so it's important to pay attention to the specifics. In general, it refers to how much value, in tokens, has been deposited into something. Most often, it refers to a protocol, which is an application on the blockchain, or a set of protocols. For example, a decentralized token trading platform might have a series of liquidity pools, which are protocols enabling swaps between tokens, and the platform may quote the 'TVL' for all the pools combined. Alternatively, if a network uses proof of stake for their consensus mechanism, they may represent the TVL of all the tokens staked into that consensus protocol.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Total Value Locked (TVL)","Simplified Chinese":"总锁仓价值（TVL）",French:"Valeur totale verrouillée (TVL)",German:"Total Value Locked (TVL)",Indonesian:"Total Nilai Dikunci (TVL)",Italian:"Valore totale bloccato (TVL)",Korean:"락업자산가치",Persian:"ارزش کل سرمایه قفل شده (TVL)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Valor total bloqueado (TVL)",Russian:"Общая заблокированная стоимость (TVL)",Spanish:"valor total bloqueado (TVL)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Total Value Locked (TVL)",Thai:"มูลค่ารวมในระบบ (TVL)",Turkish:"Kilitli Toplam Değer (TVL)",Vietnamese:"Tổng giá trị đã khoá (TVL)",Arabic:"إجمالي القيمة المحتجزة (TVL)","Traditional Chinese":"總鎖倉價值",Dutch:"TVL (total value locked)",Greek:"Κλειδωμένη συνολική τιμή (TVL)",Hindi:"टोटल वैल्यू लॉक्ड (TVL)",Hungarian:"teljes zárolt érték (TVL)",Japanese:"預かり資産額 (TVL)",Polish:"TVL – Total Value Locked (całkowita zablokowana wartość)",Ukrainian:"Загальна заблокована вартість (TVL)"}},Transaction:{term:"Transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Data committed to the Ethereum Blockchain signed by an originating account, targeting a specific address. The transaction contains metadata such as the gas limit for that transaction.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Transaction","Simplified Chinese":"交易",French:"Transaction",German:"Transaktion",Indonesian:"transaksi",Italian:"Transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션",Persian:"تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Transação",Russian:"Транзакция",Spanish:"transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Transaksyon",Thai:"ธุรกรรม",Turkish:"İşlem",Vietnamese:"Giao dịch",Arabic:"المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易",Dutch:"transactie",Greek:"Συναλλαγή",Hindi:"ट्रांसेक्शन",Hungarian:"tranzakció",Japanese:"トランザクション",Polish:"Transakcja",Ukrainian:"Транзакція"}},"transaction block":{term:"transaction block",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A collection of transactions on a blockchain network, gathered into a set or a block that can then be hashed and added to the blockchain. See 'hash'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"transaction block","Simplified Chinese":"交易区块",French:"bloc de transactions",German:"Transaktionssperre",Indonesian:"block transaksi",Italian:"blocco transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 블록",Persian:"بلاک تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco de transação",Russian:"блок транзакции",Spanish:"bloque de transacciones","Filipino (Tagalog)":"block ng transaksyon",Thai:"บล็อกธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem bloku",Vietnamese:"khối giao dịch",Arabic:"كتلة المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易區塊",Dutch:"transactieblok",Greek:"block συναλλαγής",Hindi:"ट्रांसेक्शन ब्लॉक",Hungarian:"tranzakciós blokk",Japanese:"トランザクションブロック",Polish:"Block transakcji",Ukrainian:"блок транзакцій"}},"transaction fee":{term:"transaction fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A small fee imposed on transactions sent across a blockchain network. These fees are used to pay network validators or miners for their participation in consensus, and thus ensure that a blockchain network is self-sustaining.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"transaction fee","Simplified Chinese":"交易费用",French:"frais de transaction",German:"Transaktionsgebühr",Indonesian:"biaya transaksi",Italian:"commissione transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 수수료",Persian:"کارمزد تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"taxa de transação",Russian:"комиссия за транзакцию",Spanish:"tarifa de transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bayad sa transaksyon",Thai:"ค่าธรรมเนียมธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem ücreti",Vietnamese:"phí giao dịch",Arabic:"رسوم المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易手續費",Dutch:"transactiekosten",Greek:"χρεώση συναλλαγής",Hindi:"ट्रांसेक्शन फीस",Hungarian:"tranzakciós díj",Japanese:"トランザクション手数料",Polish:"Opłata za transakcje",Ukrainian:"комісія за транзакцію"}},"transaction ID":{term:"transaction ID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A transaction hash/ID (often abbreviated as tx hash or txn hash) is a unique identifier, similar to a receipt, that serves as proof that a transaction was validated and added to the blockchain. In many cases, a transaction hash is needed in order to locate funds.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"transaction ID","Simplified Chinese":"交易 ID",French:"ID de transaction",German:"Transaktions-ID",Indonesian:"ID transaksi",Italian:"ID transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 ID",Persian:"شناسه تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"ID da transação",Russian:"ID транзакции",Spanish:"ID de transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ID ng transaksyon",Thai:"ID ธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem kimliği",Vietnamese:"ID giao dịch",Arabic:"مُعرفّ المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易ID",Dutch:"transactie-ID",Greek:"Αναγνωριστικό συναλλαγής",Hindi:"Transaction ID",Hungarian:"tranzakció azonosító",Japanese:"トランザクション ID",Polish:"ID transakcji",Ukrainian:"ID транзакції"}},"transaction pool":{term:"transaction pool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"When a user submits a transaction to the Ethereum network--or many other networks based on Ethereum--the transaction goes into what's know as a 'transaction pool', or 'txpool' for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the blockchain. There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are 'picked up' and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made (see 'MEV'). In Bitcoin, the transaction pool was referred to as the 'memory pool', or 'mempool', and often these terms are used interchangeably.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"transaction pool","Simplified Chinese":"交易池",French:"pool de transactions",German:"Transaktionspool",Indonesian:"pool transaksi",Italian:"pool transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 풀",Persian:"استخر تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"pool de transações",Russian:"пул транзакций",Spanish:"grupo de transacciones","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pool ng transaksyon",Thai:"พูลธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem havuzu",Vietnamese:"bể nhớ giao dịch",Arabic:"تجمع المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"交易池",Dutch:"transactiepool",Greek:"ομάδα συναλλαγών",Hindi:"transaction pool",Hungarian:"tranzakciós készlet",Japanese:"トランザクションプール",Polish:"pula transakcji",Ukrainian:"пул транзакцій"}},Transak:{term:"Transak",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Transak is a developer integration toolkit to let users buy/sell crypto in any app, website or web plugin.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Transak","Simplified Chinese":"Transak",French:"Transak",German:"Transak",Indonesian:"Transak",Italian:"Transak",Korean:"트랜삭",Persian:"Transak","Brazilian Portuguese":"Transak",Russian:"Transak",Spanish:"Transak","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Transak",Thai:"Transak",Turkish:"Transak",Vietnamese:"Transak",Arabic:"Transak","Traditional Chinese":"Transak",Dutch:"Transak",Greek:"Transak",Hindi:"Transak",Hungarian:"Transak",Japanese:"Transak",Polish:"Transak",Ukrainian:"Transak"}},Trezor:{term:"Trezor",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hardware wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Trezor","Simplified Chinese":"Trezor",French:"Trezor",German:"Trezor",Indonesian:"Trezor",Italian:"Trezor",Korean:"Trezor",Persian:"Trezor","Brazilian Portuguese":"Trezor",Russian:"Trezor",Spanish:"Trezor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Trezor",Thai:"Trezor",Turkish:"Trezor",Vietnamese:"Trezor",Arabic:"محفظة Trezor","Traditional Chinese":"Trezor",Dutch:"Trezor",Greek:"Trezor",Hindi:"Trezor",Hungarian:"Trezor",Japanese:"Trezor",Polish:"Trezor",Ukrainian:"Trezor"}},Truffle:{term:"Truffle",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Truffle Suite is a development environment based on Ethereum Blockchain, used to develop dapps. Truffle is a one-stop solution for building dapps: compiling contracts, deploying contracts, injecting it into a web app, creating front-end for dapps and testing. Truffle Suite",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Truffle","Simplified Chinese":"Truffle",French:"Truffle",German:"Truffle",Indonesian:"Truffle",Italian:"Truffle",Korean:"Truffle",Persian:"Truffle","Brazilian Portuguese":"Truffle",Russian:"Truffle",Spanish:"Truffle","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Truffle",Thai:"Truffle",Turkish:"Truffle",Vietnamese:"Truffle",Arabic:"بيئة التطوير Truffle","Traditional Chinese":"Truffle",Dutch:"Truffle",Greek:"Truffle",Hindi:"Truffle",Hungarian:"Truffle",Japanese:"Truffle",Polish:"Truffle",Ukrainian:"Truffle"}},trustless:{term:"trustless",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Trustless' is a term that gets used a lot in the decentralized web, and it deserves some explanation. Traditionally, to call something 'trustless' would sound like a negative thing. In the context of decentralized technology, it has a more technical meaning: since everyone has a copy of the ledger of all transactions ever executed, there is no need for a centralized entity that 'must be trusted' as the source of truth. With public blockchain networks, data isn't kept on some centralized server somewhere that could be hacked or changed arbitrarily; anyone can verify the transactions themselves. This is why the term 'trustless' was coined: there is no need for trust, although, in a way, the rules and assurances built into the blockchain provide the basis for greater trust between people, because the system is guaranteed to work the same for everyone.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"trustless","Simplified Chinese":"去信任",French:"sans confiance",German:"Vertrauenslos",Indonesian:"tidak tepercaya",Italian:"trustless",Korean:"무신뢰",Persian:"بدون نیاز به اعتماد","Brazilian Portuguese":"trustless",Russian:"трастлесс",Spanish:"sin confianza","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hindi kailangan ng tiwala",Thai:"ไม่ต้องไว้วางใจ",Turkish:"güvensiz",Vietnamese:"không cần sự tin tưởng",Arabic:"لا يتطلب ثقة","Traditional Chinese":"去信任",Dutch:"trustless",Greek:"αναξιοπιστία",Hindi:"ट्रस्टलैस (trustless)",Hungarian:"trustless",Japanese:"トラストレス",Polish:"Nieopierające się na zaufaniu",Ukrainian:"«без доверия»"}},"Turing-complete":{term:"Turing-complete",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Any machine that can calculate on a level equal to a programmable computer is Turing-complete, or computationally universal. The Ethereum Virtual Machine, which processes smart contracts and transactions, is Turing-complete, despite not existing on a single physical computer.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Turing-complete","Simplified Chinese":"图灵完备",French:"Turing-complet",German:"Turing-Complete",Indonesian:"Turing-complete",Italian:"Turing equivalenza",Korean:"튜링완전",Persian:"تورینگ کامل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Turing completo",Russian:"Полный по Тьюрингу",Spanish:"Turing completo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Turing-kumpleto",Thai:"สมบูรณ์ตามแบบทัวริง",Turkish:"Turing bütünlüğü",Vietnamese:"ngôn ngữ Turing hoàn chỉnh",Arabic:"تورنج كاملة","Traditional Chinese":"圖靈完整",Dutch:"turingvolledig",Greek:"Turing-complete (Τούρινγκ υπολογιστικά καθολικό)",Hindi:"ट्यूरिंग (Turing)-कम्पलीट",Hungarian:"Turing-teljes",Japanese:"チューリング完全",Polish:"Kompletność Turinga",Ukrainian:"Повна за Тьюрингом"}},"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)":{term:"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Two-factor authentication (2FA) is an identity and access management security method that requires two forms of identification to access resources and data. 2FA gives businesses the ability to monitor and help safeguard their most vulnerable information and networks.See also 'U2F' When 2FA",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)","Simplified Chinese":"双因素认证（2FA）",French:"Authentification double (2FA)",German:"Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung (2FA)",Indonesian:"Autentikasi Dua Faktor (2FA)",Italian:"Autenticazione a due fattori (2FA)",Korean:"이중 인증(two-factor authentication, 2FA)",Persian:"تایید هویت دو عاملی (2FA)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Autenticação de dois fatores (2FA)",Russian:"Двухфакторная аутентификация (2ФА)",Spanish:"autenticación de dos factores (2FA)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ตัวจริงสองปัจจัย (2FA)",Turkish:"İki Faktörlü Kimlik Doğrulaması (2FA)",Vietnamese:"Xác thực hai yếu tố (2FA)",Arabic:"المصادقة الثنائية (2FA)","Traditional Chinese":"雙重要素驗證 (2FA)",Dutch:"verificatie in twee stappen (2FA)",Greek:"Επαλήθευση δύο παραγόντων (2FA)",Hindi:"टू-फैक्टर ऑथेंटिकेशन (2FA)",Hungarian:"kétlépcsős hitelesítés (2FA)",Japanese:"二要素認証 (2FA)",Polish:"Uwierzytelnianie dwuskładnikowe (2FA)",Ukrainian:"Двофакторна аутентифікація (2FA)"}},TXID:{term:"TXID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Transaction ID",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"TXID","Simplified Chinese":"交易 ID",French:"TXID (ID de transaction)",German:"TXID",Indonesian:"TXID",Italian:"TXID",Korean:"TXID",Persian:"شناسه تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"TXID",Russian:"TXID",Spanish:"ID de transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"TXID",Thai:"TXID",Turkish:"TXID",Vietnamese:"TXID",Arabic:"مُعرفّ المعاملة (TXID)","Traditional Chinese":"轉賬ID",Dutch:"TXID",Greek:"TXID",Hindi:"TXID",Hungarian:"TXID",Japanese:"TXID",Polish:"TXID",Ukrainian:"TXID"}},U2F:{term:"U2F",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) is an open standard that strengthens and simplifies two-factor authentication (2FA) using specialized Universal Serial Bus (USB) or near-field communication (NFC) devices based on similar security technology found in smart cards",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"U2F","Simplified Chinese":"U2F（通用第二因素）",French:"U2F",German:"U2F",Indonesian:"U2F",Italian:"U2F",Korean:"U2F",Persian:"U2F","Brazilian Portuguese":"U2F",Russian:"U2F",Spanish:"U2F","Filipino (Tagalog)":"U2F",Thai:"U2F",Turkish:"Evrensel 2. Faktör (U2F)",Vietnamese:"U2F",Arabic:"المعامل الثاني الشامل (U2F)","Traditional Chinese":"通用第二因素",Dutch:"U2F",Greek:"U2F",Hindi:"U2F",Hungarian:"U2F",Japanese:"U2F",Polish:"U2F",Ukrainian:"U2F"}},Uniswap:{term:"Uniswap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Uniswap is a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange that uses a set of smart contracts to execute trades on its exchange.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Uniswap","Simplified Chinese":"Uniswap",French:"Uniswap",German:"Uniswap",Indonesian:"Uniswap",Italian:"Uniswap",Korean:"유니스왑",Persian:"یونی‌سوآپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Uniswap",Russian:"Uniswap",Spanish:"Uniswap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Uniswap",Thai:"Uniswap",Turkish:"Uniswap",Vietnamese:"Uniswap",Arabic:"Uniswap","Traditional Chinese":"Uniswap",Dutch:"Uniswap",Greek:"Uniswap",Hindi:"Uniswap",Hungarian:"Uniswap",Japanese:"Uniswap",Polish:"Uniswap",Ukrainian:"Uniswap"}},"unspent transaction output (UTXO)":{term:"unspent transaction output (UTXO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An unspent transaction output (UTXO) represents some amount of digital currency which has been authorized by one account to be spent by another. UTXOs use public key cryptography to identify and transfer ownership between holders of public/private key pairs. UTXOs are formatted with the recipient's public key, thus restricting the ability to spend that UTXO to the account that can prove ownership of the associated private key. The UTXO can only be spent if it includes the digital signature associated with the public key attached the last time it was sent.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"unspent transaction output (UTXO)","Simplified Chinese":"未花费的交易输出（UTXO）",French:"sortie de transaction non utilisée (UTXO)",German:"Uneingelöster Transaktions-Output (UTXO)",Indonesian:"output transaksi tidak digunakan (UTXO)",Italian:"output di una transazione non spesa (UTXO)",Korean:"미사용 트랜잭션 출력값(UTXO)",Persian:"خروجی خرج‌نشده تراکنش (UTXO)","Brazilian Portuguese":"saída de transação não gasta (UTXO)",Russian:"выход неизрасходованных транзакций (UTXO)",Spanish:"salida de transacción no gastada (UTXO)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"unspent transaction output (UTXO)",Thai:"เอาต์พุตธุรกรรมที่ยังไม่ใช้จ่าย (UTXO)",Turkish:"harcanmamış işlem çıktısı (UTXO)",Vietnamese:"đầu ra giao dịch chưa được sử dụng (UTXO)",Arabic:"ناتج المعاملات غير المُنفقة (UTXO)","Traditional Chinese":"未花費交易輸出",Dutch:"unspent transaction output (UTXO)",Greek:"αδιάθετη έξοδος συναλλαγής (UTXO)",Hindi:"अनस्पेंट ट्रांसेक्शन आउटपुट (UTXO)",Hungarian:"felhasználatlan tranzakció kimenet (FTK)",Japanese:"未使用トランザクションアウトプット (UTXO)",Polish:"Unspent transaction output (UTXO)",Ukrainian:"вихід невитрачених транзакцій (UTXO)"}},upgrade:{term:"upgrade",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Upgrading is the process of replacing a product with a newer version of the same product. In computing and consumer electronics, an upgrade is generally a replacement of hardware, software, or firmware with a newer or better version, in order to bring the system up to date or to improve its characteristics. See also EIP-1159, merge, and other important Ethereum upgrades",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"upgrade","Simplified Chinese":"升级",French:"mise à niveau / mettre à niveau",German:"Upgrade",Indonesian:"upgrade",Italian:"upgrade",Korean:"업그레이드",Persian:"ارتقا","Brazilian Portuguese":"upgrade",Russian:"апгрейд",Spanish:"actualizar","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mag-upgrade",Thai:"อัปเกรด",Turkish:"yükselt",Vietnamese:"nâng cấp",Arabic:"ترقية","Traditional Chinese":"升級",Dutch:"upgraden",Greek:"αναβάθμιση",Hindi:"अपग्रेड",Hungarian:"frissíteni",Japanese:"アップグレード",Polish:"Aktualizacja",Ukrainian:"оновити"}},UTXO:{term:"UTXO",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; Unspent Transaction Output.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"UTXO","Simplified Chinese":"UTXO（未花费的交易输出）",French:"UTXO",German:"UTXO",Indonesian:"UTXO",Italian:"UTXO",Korean:"UTXO",Persian:"خروجی‌ خرج‌نشده تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"UTXO",Russian:"UTXO",Spanish:"UTXO","Filipino (Tagalog)":"UTXO",Thai:"UTXO",Turkish:"UTXO",Vietnamese:"UTXO",Arabic:"ناتج المعاملات غير المُنفقة (UTXO)","Traditional Chinese":"未花費交易輸出",Dutch:"UTXO",Greek:"UTXO (Αδιάθετη έξοδος συναλλαγής)",Hindi:"UTXO",Hungarian:"FTK",Japanese:"UTXO",Polish:"UTXO",Ukrainian:"UTXO"}},validator:{term:"validator",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A participant in Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus. On Ethereum’s Proof of Stake network, validators need to stake 32 ETH in order to get included in the validator set. See also ‘staking’.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"validator","Simplified Chinese":"验证器",French:"validateur",German:"Validator",Indonesian:"validator",Italian:"validatore",Korean:"밸리데이터",Persian:"اعتبارسنج","Brazilian Portuguese":"validador",Russian:"валидатор",Spanish:"validador","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nagpapatibay",Thai:"ผู้ยืนยัน",Turkish:"doğrulayıcı",Vietnamese:"người xác thực",Arabic:"المُدققّ","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈驗證人",Dutch:"validator",Greek:"εγκριτής",Hindi:"वैलिडेटर",Hungarian:"érvényesítő",Japanese:"バリデーター",Polish:"Walidator",Ukrainian:"валідатор"}},"validity proof":{term:"validity proof",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The proof submitted along with certain types of rollups to prove that the transactions are valid. See also 'rollups'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"validity proof","Simplified Chinese":"有效性证明",French:"preuve de validité",German:"Gültigkeitsnachweis",Indonesian:"bukti validitas",Italian:"prova di validazione",Korean:"유효성 증명",Persian:"اثبات اعتبار","Brazilian Portuguese":"prova de validação",Russian:"доказательство действительности",Spanish:"prueba de validez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"katibayan ng bisa",Thai:"หลักฐานยืนยัน",Turkish:"geçerlilik ispatı",Vietnamese:"bằng chứng hợp lệ",Arabic:"إثبات الصلاحية","Traditional Chinese":"有效性證明",Dutch:"bewijs van geldigheid",Greek:"απόδειξη εγκυρότητας",Hindi:"वैलिडिटी प्रूफ",Hungarian:"érvényességi igazolás",Japanese:"有効性証明",Polish:"Dowód ważności",Ukrainian:"підтвердження достовірності"}},Validium:{term:"Validium",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"One of the technologies developed for scaling of the Ethereum network; see more here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Validium","Simplified Chinese":"Validium 扩容技术",French:"Validium",German:"Validium",Indonesian:"Validium",Italian:"Validium",Korean:"발리디움",Persian:"ولیدیوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Validium",Russian:"Validium",Spanish:"Validium","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Validium",Thai:"Validium",Turkish:"Validium",Vietnamese:"Giải pháp Validium",Arabic:"Validium","Traditional Chinese":"Validium",Dutch:"Validium",Greek:"Validium (δεδομένα εκτός αλυσίδας)",Hindi:"वैलिडियम",Hungarian:"Validium",Japanese:"バリディウム",Polish:"Validium",Ukrainian:"Validium"}},"Vault Decryptor":{term:"Vault Decryptor",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The MetaMask Vault Decryptor is a tool used in recovering the Secret Recovery Phrase. This tool was written by MetaMask co-founder Dan Finlay and can be accessed here: Vault Decryptor",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Vault Decryptor","Simplified Chinese":"Vault Decryptor",French:"Décrypteur/Déchiffreur de coffre-fort",German:"Vault Decryptor",Indonesian:"Dekriptor Vault",Italian:"Vault Decryptor",Korean:"볼트 암호해독기",Persian:"Vault Decryptor","Brazilian Portuguese":"Vault Decryptor",Russian:"Vault Decryptor",Spanish:"Vault Decryptor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Vault Decryptor",Thai:"Vault Decryptor",Turkish:"Vault Şifre Çözücü",Vietnamese:"Vault Decryptor",Arabic:"Vault Decryptor","Traditional Chinese":"私鑰解密器",Dutch:"Vault Decryptor",Greek:"Κενή μονάδα κρυπτογράφησης",Hindi:"वॉल्ट डिक्रिप्टर",Hungarian:"Boltozat dekódoló",Japanese:"Vault Decryptor",Polish:"Vault Decryptor",Ukrainian:"Vault Decryptor"}},Vesting:{term:"Vesting",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'vesting period': The act of restricting the sale of a token for a particular period of time. Vesting period",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Vesting","Simplified Chinese":"等待行权",French:"Acquisition",German:"Vesting",Indonesian:"Vesting",Italian:"Vesting",Korean:"베스팅",Persian:"توزیع برنامه‌ریزی شده توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Vesting",Russian:"Вестинг",Spanish:"bloqueo de tokens","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Vesting",Thai:"ทยอยให้ตามเวลา",Turkish:"Vesting",Vietnamese:"Khoá",Arabic:"استحقاق","Traditional Chinese":"逐步解鎖期",Dutch:"vesting/wacht-",Greek:"Περιορισμός πώλησης",Hindi:"वेस्टिंग",Hungarian:"vesting",Japanese:"ベスティング",Polish:"Vesting",Ukrainian:"Вестинг"}},wallet:{term:"wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In Ethereum-based blockchain technology, a 'wallet' is a something that allows you to manage private keys, your Secret Recovery Phrase, and the accounts generated from it. This could be an internet-connected 'hot wallet', like MetaMask, or an 'airgapped' hardware wallet. In more technical speak, you could say 'the wallet is the client, not the keys.' It is very common for people to use the word 'wallet' to refer to their SRP itself, or the accounts generated from it, or even to one account.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"wallet","Simplified Chinese":"钱包",French:"Portefeuille",German:"Wallet (die)",Indonesian:"dompet",Italian:"portafoglio",Korean:"지갑",Persian:"کیف پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira",Russian:"кошелек",Spanish:"monedero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ต",Turkish:"cüzdan",Vietnamese:"ví",Arabic:"محفظة","Traditional Chinese":"錢包",Dutch:"wallet",Greek:"πορτοφόλι",Hindi:"वॉलेट",Hungarian:"pénztárca",Japanese:"ウォレット",Polish:"Portfel",Ukrainian:"гаманець"}},WalletConnect:{term:"WalletConnect",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"WalletConnect is an open source protocol for connecting decentralised applications to mobile wallets with QR code scanning or deep linking.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"WalletConnect","Simplified Chinese":"WalletConnect",French:"WalletConnect",German:"WalletConnect",Indonesian:"WalletConnect",Italian:"WalletConnect",Korean:"월렛커넥트",Persian:"ولت کانکت","Brazilian Portuguese":"WalletConnect",Russian:"WalletConnect",Spanish:"WalletConnect","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WalletConnect",Thai:"WalletConnect",Turkish:"WalletConnect",Vietnamese:"WalletConnect",Arabic:"بروتوكول WalletConnect","Traditional Chinese":"WalletConnect",Dutch:"WalletConnect",Greek:"WalletConnect",Hindi:"WalletConnect",Hungarian:"WalletConnect",Japanese:"WalletConnect",Polish:"WalletConnect",Ukrainian:"WalletConnect"}},"web3, Web 3.0":{term:"web3, Web 3.0",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Web3, or Web 3.0, are terms used synonymously with “the decentralized web” and are often used to refer, broadly, to the blockchain and decentralized technology ecosystems and communities as a whole.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"web3, Web 3.0","Simplified Chinese":"Web3，Web 3.0",French:"web3, Web 3.0",German:"Web3, Web 3.0",Indonesian:"web3, Web 3.0",Italian:"web3, Web 3.0",Korean:"웹3, 웹 3.0",Persian:"وب 3، وب 3.0","Brazilian Portuguese":"web3, Web 3.0",Russian:"web3, Web 3.0",Spanish:"web3, Web 3.0","Filipino (Tagalog)":"web3, Web 3.0",Thai:"เว็บ 3, เว็บ 3.0",Turkish:"web3, Web 3.0",Vietnamese:"web3, Web 3.0",Arabic:"ويب 3، ويب 3.0","Traditional Chinese":"web3, Web 3.0",Dutch:"web3, Web 3.0",Greek:"web3, Web 3.0",Hindi:"web3, Web 3.0",Hungarian:"web3, Web 3.0",Japanese:"web3, Web 3.0",Polish:"web3, Web 3.0",Ukrainian:"web3, Web 3.0"}},WebHID:{term:"WebHID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"WebHID (Human Interface Device) Enables web applications to interact with human interface devices (HIDs) other than the standard supported devices (mice, keyboards, touchscreens, and gamepads). However, there are many other HID devices that are currently inaccessible to the web",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"WebHID","Simplified Chinese":"WebHID",French:"WebHID",German:"WebHID",Indonesian:"WebHID",Italian:"WebHID",Korean:"WebHID",Persian:"WebHID","Brazilian Portuguese":"WebHID",Russian:"WebHID",Spanish:"WebHID","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WebHID",Thai:"WebHID",Turkish:"WebHID",Vietnamese:"WebHID",Arabic:"WebHID","Traditional Chinese":"WEB 型人機介面設備",Dutch:"WebHID",Greek:"WebHID",Hindi:"WebHID",Hungarian:"WebHID",Japanese:"WebHID",Polish:"WebHID",Ukrainian:"WebHID"}},WebSocket:{term:"WebSocket",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"WebSocket is a computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. It's often used by dapps to regularly fetch up-to-date information from the blockchain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"WebSocket","Simplified Chinese":"WebSocket",French:"WebSocket",German:"WebSocket",Indonesian:"WebSocket",Italian:"WebSocket",Korean:"웹소켓",Persian:"وب‌سوکت","Brazilian Portuguese":"WebSocket",Russian:"WebSocket",Spanish:"WebSocket","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WebSocket",Thai:"WebSocket",Turkish:"WebSocket",Vietnamese:"WebSocket",Arabic:"بروتوكول WebSocket","Traditional Chinese":"網絡傳輸協議",Dutch:"WebSocket",Greek:"WebSocket",Hindi:"वेबसॉकेट",Hungarian:"WebSocket",Japanese:"WebSocket",Polish:"WebSocket",Ukrainian:"WebSocket"}},Wei:{term:"Wei",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Wei is the smallest denomination of ether, the currency used to facilitate transactional operations on the Ethereum blockchain network, where 10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 wei is equivalent to one ether.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Wei","Simplified Chinese":"Wei",French:"Wei",German:"Wei",Indonesian:"Wei",Italian:"Wei",Korean:"웨이",Persian:"وی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Wei",Russian:"Вей",Spanish:"wei","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WebSocket",Thai:"เวย์",Turkish:"Wei",Vietnamese:"Wei",Arabic:"وي (Wei)","Traditional Chinese":"Wei",Dutch:"wei",Greek:"Wei",Hindi:"Wei",Hungarian:"Wei",Japanese:"Wei",Polish:"Wei",Ukrainian:"Вей"}},Whitepaper:{term:"Whitepaper",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Whitepapers explain the purpose and technology behind a project.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Whitepaper","Simplified Chinese":"白皮书",French:"Livre blanc",German:"Whitepaper",Indonesian:"Whitepaper",Italian:"Whitepaper",Korean:"백서",Persian:"گزارش جامع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Whitepaper",Russian:"Белая книга",Spanish:"libro blanco","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Whitepaper",Thai:"หนังสือชี้ชวน",Turkish:"Teknik doküman",Vietnamese:"Sách trắng",Arabic:"الورقة التعريفية","Traditional Chinese":"白皮書",Dutch:"whitepaper",Greek:"Λευκή Βίβλος",Hindi:"वाइटपेपर",Hungarian:"fehér papír",Japanese:"ホワイトペーパー",Polish:"Biała księga",Ukrainian:"Технічний документ"}},Wrapping:{term:"Wrapping",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Wrapping a token is a way of bringing a token from one network to another, like wrapped Bitcoin or MATIC tokens on Ethereum Mainnet. User Guide: Tokens",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Wrapping","Simplified Chinese":"包装",French:"Emballage",German:"Wrapping",Indonesian:"Wrapping",Italian:"Wrapping",Korean:"래핑",Persian:"انتقال از یک شبکه به شبکه دیگر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Encapsulamento",Russian:"Обертывание",Spanish:"envolver","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Wrapping",Thai:"การห่อ",Turkish:"Sarma",Vietnamese:"Bao bọc",Arabic:"تغليف التوكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"包裝",Dutch:"wrappen",Greek:"Αντιστοίχιση",Hindi:"रैपिंग",Hungarian:"becsomagolni",Japanese:"ラッピング",Polish:"Wrapping",Ukrainian:"Обгортання"}},Wyre:{term:"Wyre",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Wyre is a regulated Money Service Business (MSB), which means it is a financial services provider licensed to transmit and convert money. The company is almost a decade old, having been around since 2013. Wyre provides what the company calls a secure and compliant bridge between fiat and cryptocurrencies. It serves as an infrastructure provider for blockchain businesses to connect with the fiat economy. In other words, Wyre payments enable blockchain businesses to efficiently integrate highly customizable fiat on-ramps into their onboarding flows.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Wyre","Simplified Chinese":"Wyre",French:"Wyre",German:"Wyre",Indonesian:"Wyre",Italian:"Wyre",Korean:"Wyre",Persian:"Wyre","Brazilian Portuguese":"Wyre",Russian:"Wyre",Spanish:"Wyre","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Wyre",Thai:"Wyre",Turkish:"Wyre",Vietnamese:"Wyre",Arabic:"Wyre","Traditional Chinese":"Wyre",Dutch:"Wyre",Greek:"Wyre",Hindi:"Wyre",Hungarian:"Wyre",Japanese:"Wyre",Polish:"Wyre",Ukrainian:"Wyre"}},"yield farming":{term:"yield farming",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Yield farming is an investment practice that involves locking crypto in a dapp for token rewards. Yield farmers deposit their tokens into DeFi applications for crypto trading, lending, or borrowing.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"yield farming","Simplified Chinese":"收益挖矿",French:"yield farming",German:"Yield Farming",Indonesian:"yield farming",Italian:"yield farming",Korean:"이자농사",Persian:"کشت سود","Brazilian Portuguese":"yield farming",Russian:"фарминг доходности",Spanish:"agricultura de rendimiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"paglilinang ng ani",Thai:"การทำฟาร์ม",Turkish:"yield farming",Vietnamese:"khai thác lợi nhuận",Arabic:"تحصيل العائد","Traditional Chinese":"流動性挖礦",Dutch:"yield farming",Greek:"εξόρυξη ρευστότητας",Hindi:"यील्ड फार्मिंग",Hungarian:"hozamgazdálkodás",Japanese:"イールドファーミング",Polish:"Yield farming",Ukrainian:"прибуткове фермерство"}},"yield-bearing tokens":{term:"yield-bearing tokens",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Yield tokens. See 'yield farming'",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"yield-bearing tokens","Simplified Chinese":"收益代币",French:"jetons de yield farming",German:"Ertragsbringende Token",Indonesian:"token yield-bearing",Italian:"token fruttiferi",Korean:"이자지급토큰",Persian:"توکن‌های سودده","Brazilian Portuguese":"tokens de rendimento",Russian:"доходные токены",Spanish:"tokens de rendimiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mga token na nagbubunga",Thai:"โทเคนรับผลประโยชน์จากการฟาร์ม",Turkish:"gelir üreten token",Vietnamese:"token tự sinh lãi",Arabic:"التوكنات حاملة العائد","Traditional Chinese":"隨著時間的推移自行產生利息的代幣",Dutch:"yield-bearing tokens",Greek:"συμβολικά νομίσματα με απόδοση",Hindi:"यील्ड-बियरिंग टोकन्स",Hungarian:"hozamot hordozó tokenek",Japanese:"イールドベアリングトークン",Polish:"Tokeny uzyskane w ramach yield farmingu",Ukrainian:"прибуткові токени"}},"zero address":{term:"zero address",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Zero Address is an address on the Ethereum network that is the recipient of a special transaction used to register the creation of a new smart contract on the network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"zero address","Simplified Chinese":"0地址",French:"adresse zéro",German:"Null-Adresse",Indonesian:"alamat nol",Italian:"indirizzo zero",Korean:"제로 어드레스",Persian:"آدرس صفر","Brazilian Portuguese":"endereço zero",Russian:"нулевой адрес",Spanish:"dirección cero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"zero address",Thai:"ที่อยู่สูญ",Turkish:"zero adres",Vietnamese:"địa chỉ zero",Arabic:"العنوان صفر","Traditional Chinese":"零地址",Dutch:"zero address",Greek:"Μηδενική διεύθυνση",Hindi:"ज़ीरो एड्रेस",Hungarian:"nulla cím",Japanese:"ゼロアドレス",Polish:"Adres zerowy",Ukrainian:"нульова адреса"}},"Zero-knowledge proof":{term:"Zero-knowledge proof",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A zero-knowledge proof is a cryptographic method that allows an individual to prove that a statement is true without conveying any additional information.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Zero-knowledge proof","Simplified Chinese":"零知识证明",French:"Preuve à divulgation nulle de connaissance (ZKP)",German:"Null-Wissen-Beweis",Indonesian:"Bukti nol pengetahuan",Italian:"Dimostrazione a conoscenza zero",Korean:"영지식 증명",Persian:"اثبات دانش صفر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de conhecimento zero",Russian:"Доказательство с нулевым разглашением",Spanish:"prueba de conocimiento cero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Patunay na walang kaalaman",Thai:"การพิสูจน์โดยไม่ต้องรู้ข้อมูล",Turkish:"Sıfır bilgi ispatı",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng không kiến thức",Arabic:"إثبات المعرفة الصفرية","Traditional Chinese":"零知識證明",Dutch:"zero-knowledge proof",Greek:"Απόδειξη μηδενικής γνώσης",Hindi:"ज़ीरो-नॉलेज प्रूफ",Hungarian:"zero-knowledge proof (nullaismeretű bizonyítás)",Japanese:"ゼロ知識証明",Polish:"Dowód z wiedzą zerową",Ukrainian:"Доведення з нульовим розголошенням"}},"Zero-knowledge rollup":{term:"Zero-knowledge rollup",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A rollup of transactions that use validity proofs to offer increased layer 2 transaction throughput while using the security provided by mainnet (layer 1). Although they can't handle complex transaction types, like Optimistic rollups, they don't have latency issues because transactions are provably valid when submitted.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Zero-knowledge rollup","Simplified Chinese":"零知识汇总",French:"Rollup à divulgation nulle de connaissance(rollup ZK)",German:"Null-Wissen-Rollup",Indonesian:"rollup nol pengetahuan",Italian:"Rollup a conoscenza zero",Korean:"영지식 롤업",Persian:"رول‌آپ‌ بی‌نیاز به دانش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rollup de conhecimento zero",Russian:"Роллап с нулевым разглашением",Spanish:"rollup de conocimiento cero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rollup na walang kaalaman",Thai:"โรลล์อัปแบบไม่ต้องรู้ข้อมูล",Turkish:"Sıfır bilgi rollup",Vietnamese:"Tổng hợp không kiến thức",Arabic:"تجميع المعرفة الصفرية","Traditional Chinese":"零知識匯總",Dutch:"zero-knowledge rollup",Greek:"Zero-knowledge rollup (rollup μηδενικής γνώσης)",Hindi:"ज़ीरो-नॉलेज रॉलअप",Hungarian:"zero-knowledge rollup (nullaismeretű összevont tranzakció)",Japanese:"ゼロ知識ロールアップ",Polish:"Rollup z wiedzą zerową",Ukrainian:"Роллап з нульовим розголошенням"}},"zk-SNARKs":{term:"zk-SNARKs",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-interactive ARguments of Knowledge are an incredible technology, and vital to the scaling of blockchain technology and the decentralized web. They are mathematically complex and can be daunting; this explanation from the Ethereum Foundation is a good primer.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"zk-SNARKs","Simplified Chinese":"零知识简洁非交互知识论证（zk-SNARK）",French:"zk-SNARKs",German:"zk-SNARKs",Indonesian:"zk-ZSNAKRs",Italian:"Argomento di conoscenza succinto non interattivo a conoscenza zero (zk-SNARKs)",Korean:"영지식 스나크",Persian:"گواه‌های اثبات دانش صفر غیرتعاملی","Brazilian Portuguese":"zk-SNARKs",Russian:"Протоколы zk-SNARK",Spanish:"zk-SNARKs","Filipino (Tagalog)":"zk-SNARKs",Thai:"zk-SNARKs",Turkish:"zk-SNARK'lar",Vietnamese:"zk-SNARK",Arabic:"zk-SNARKs","Traditional Chinese":"zk-SNARKs",Dutch:"zk-SNARK's",Greek:"zk-SNARKs (μη διαδραστικές αποδείξεις μηδενικής γνώσης)",Hindi:"zk-SNARKs",Hungarian:"zk-SNARKs",Japanese:"zk-SNARKs",Polish:"zk-SNARKs",Ukrainian:"zk-SNARKs"}}}}],Fp=as[0].terms,Ap=Ip(function(){this.ref("term"),this.field("definition"),Object.entries(Fp).forEach(([e,t])=>{this.add({term:e,definition:t.definition})})});function a({to:e,children:t}){const i=is(),r=o=>{o.preventDefault(),i(e)};return n.jsx("a",{href:e,onClick:r,children:t})}const Mp={"0x API":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/0x%20API",children:"0x API "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," and data endpoint for DeFi. It lets you access aggregated ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," from tens of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," networks, across multiple blockchains. It comes with many parameters to customize your requests for your application and your users: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/API",children:"API "})," References"]})},"1inch":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/aggregator",children:"aggregator "})," that aims to provide traders with the best price and lowest fees on their transactions. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/1inch",children:"1inch "})]})},"3Box Labs":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The inventors and core developers of Ceramic, the first decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," for composable data. Ceramic makes it possible for developers to build data-rich Web3 applications without needing a traditional database, and in the process, unlocks data composability and portability across every application within the Web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"."]})},"51% Attack":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["If more than half the computer power or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," hash rate on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is run by a single person or a single group of people, then a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/51%25%20attack",children:"51% attack "})," is in operation. This means that this entity has full control of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and can negatively affect a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," by taking over ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," operations, stopping or changing transactions, and double-spending coins."]})},Aave:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aave",children:"Aave "})," is an open source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," to create non-custodial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," markets to earn interest on supplying and borrowing assets with a variable or stable interest rate."]})},Account:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Accounts are records or statements of financial expenditure and receipts that relate to a particular period or purpose. In the world of crypto, this is referred to as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),". It gives you certain benefits, and it is a requirement in order to use just about any ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," gives you access to hot wallets, which allow you to quickly buy, sell and trade cryptocurrencies, and it gives you an identity or a way through which you can hold onto your public keys when it comes to the aforementioned process. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Account",children:"Account "})]})},"ACH transfer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["ACH (Automated Clearing House) bank transfer is an electronic payment method that allows money to be transferred between bank accounts in the United States. It is a system that processes transactions in batches and is commonly used for direct ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," of paychecks, bill payments, and online money transfers."]})},"address; public address; account address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Used to send and receive transactions on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", and to identify different users; also referred to as a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),"'. An address is an alphanumeric character string, which can also be represented as a scannable ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "}),". In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", the address begins with 0x. For example: 0x06A85356DCb5b307096726FB86A78c59D38e08ee"]})},Advanced:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Advanced",children:"Advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," controls': it is an optional feature in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),", that gives you more control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," you pay in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),". Using ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/advanced",children:"advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," controls"]})},aggregator:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/aggregator",children:"aggregator "})," is a platform that aggregates ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," from multiple decentralized exchanges (DEXs) or other sources of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," to provide users with the best prices and the most efficient execution for their trades."]})},Aggressive:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees', ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aggressive",children:"Aggressive "})," is a category that enables you to be more forceful with your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),", and have it completed as soon as possible. There are three categories available in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Low",children:"Low "}),", Market, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aggressive",children:"Aggressive "})," Using ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/advanced",children:"advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," controls"]})},Agoric:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Agoric",children:"Agoric "})," is a Proof-of-Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," that functions as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," platform, enabling developers to deploy decentralized applications. The platform is built on a variant of the JavaScript programming language, which is a widely used language for web development."]})},"air-gapping":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A method for securing computers in which the device does not connect to the internet or any other open networks. Many hardware wallets use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/air-gapping",children:"air-gapping "})," as a security mechanism to keep users' private keys or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," offline, and thus safer from any kind of attack."]})},airdrop:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," distribution method used to send ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or tokens to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads."]})},"airdrop (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," distribution method used to send ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or tokens to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads."]})},"AirGap Vault":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirGap%20Vault",children:"AirGap Vault "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," application that provides secure storage for digital assets. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," is designed to be used in conjunction with AirGap's other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," app, AirGap ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wallet",children:"Wallet "}),", which is used for sending and receiving transactions."]})},AirSwap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirSwap",children:"AirSwap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") platform for trading digital assets, operating on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," and Layer-2s like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "}),"."]})},algorithm:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "})," is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation."]})},altcoin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As Bitcoin was the first ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),", the term '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/altcoin",children:"altcoin "}),"' was created to refer to 'any ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," other than Bitcoin'. The term is less used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"-enabled ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," communities. Many altcoins are forks of Bitcoin with minor changes (e.g., Litecoin). See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"'."]})},"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A set of international laws enacted to diminish the potential for criminal organizations or individuals to launder money. These rules and laws are applied to cryptocurrencies with varying effects in different jurisdictions."})},API:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Application Programming Interface. A software intermediary that allows two separate applications to communicate with one another. APIs define methods of communication between various components."})},"API (Application Programming Interface)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A predefined set of requests that one program can make to another in order to transfer information between them. When you hear someone saying that an application is 'getting information from' another source, it's often doing so through an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/API",children:"API "}),"."]})},AppChain:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," custom-made and optimized for a specific application's needs. An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/appchain",children:"appchain "})," is generally not a full-blown ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", but offers an optimized execution environment for the application, while still relying on an underlying ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". See also: '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),"', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"', 'Layer 3'."]})},"Apple Pay":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Apple%20Pay",children:"Apple Pay "})," is a mobile payment service by Apple Inc. that allows users to make payments in person, in iOS apps, and on the web."]})},Arbitrum:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", designed to improve the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," and reduce the cost of transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It is an implementation of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimistic%20Rollup",children:"Optimistic Rollup "})," technology, which is a type of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution that uses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," computation to reduce the load on the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["ASICs are silicon chips designed to do a specific task. In ASICs used for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," cryptocurrencies, the ASIC will perform a calculation to find values that provide a desired solution when placed into a hashing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "}),"."]})},"asset provenance":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Asset%20provenance",children:"Asset provenance "})," refers to the origin, history, and ownership of a particular ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In the crypto context, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/asset%20provenance",children:"asset provenance "})," refers to the ability to trace the ownership and transfer of a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," from its creation or minting to its current holder."]})},attestation:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Attestation",children:"Attestation "})," in crypto refers to the process of verifying the authenticity or validity of a piece of information or a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Attestation",children:"Attestation "})," is an important aspect of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, as it helps to ensure the integrity and security of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". In general, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/attestation",children:"attestation "})," involves a trusted third-party, or attester, verifying the authenticity of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," or piece of information. This can include verifying the identity of users on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", verifying the accuracy of data, or validating the authenticity of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20signature",children:"digital signature "}),". One example of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/attestation",children:"attestation "})," in crypto is the use of digital signatures to authenticate transactions on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Digital signatures use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "})," to verify the identity of the sender and ensure that the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," has not been tampered with. Another example of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/attestation",children:"attestation "})," in crypto is the use of Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms, which rely on validators to attest to the validity of transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Validators are responsible for verifying transactions and adding new blocks to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", and they are rewarded with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," for their efforts. For more info, see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Attestation",children:"Attestation "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"."]})},Avalanche:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Avalanche",children:"Avalanche "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," platform designed to provide fast and secure transactions for digital assets and applications. The platform uses a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Avalanche",children:"Avalanche "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", which allows for high throughput, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "}),", and customizable blockchains."]})},"Axie Infinity":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Axie%20Infinity",children:"Axie Infinity "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "}),"-based online video game known for its in-game economy, which uses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based cryptocurrencies."]})},"Base fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Every block has a reserve price known as the '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/base%20fee",children:"base fee "}),"'. It is the minimum ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fee a user must pay to include a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," in the next block."]})},"Beacon Chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," was one element built in the infrastructure being built to scale ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". It was the foundation for a transition from a Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism to Proof of Stake (PoS). For more information, see this guide."]})},Binance:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Binance",children:"Binance "})," is a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," which operates in multiple countries, as well as two different blockchains, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BNB%20Chain",children:"BNB Chain "})," and the BNB Smart Chain."]})},"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),", which was created in 2009 by an unknown person or group using the name ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Satoshi%20Nakamoto",children:"Satoshi Nakamoto "}),". Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," called the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", which is maintained by a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of computers worldwide. Bitcoin transactions are made directly between users without the need for intermediaries like banks or financial institutions. Users can send and receive Bitcoins using digital wallets. One of the key features of Bitcoin is its limited supply. There will only ever be 21 million Bitcoins in existence, which helps to prevent inflation and maintain the value of the currency. The plural of bitcoin is just bitcoin; the abbreviation is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BTC",children:"BTC "}),", with a space: I have 250 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BTC",children:"BTC "}),"."]})},"block (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["If we think of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," as consisting of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," that is being constantly synced between any number of different nodes (indeed, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," technology' is another phrase used to describe it), imagine that after a certain number of transactions have been added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," has been reached among the nodes that the transactions are valid, then they are cryptographically locked into a 'block' and officially recorded; this 'block' forms the basis for the next one; in this way, they are all linked together in a chain, hence--",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},"block explorer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/API",children:"API "}),", that displays information about ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," activity in a more human-friendly way. While a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," is designed to keep information forever, and be “readable by anyone”, finding the specific information you’re interested in may require indexing data off the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"–that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorers. A prominent example is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/etherscan",children:"etherscan "}),", which also offers explorers on a number of other networks."]})},"block height":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The number of blocks connected together in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". For example, Height 0 would be the very first block, which is also called the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Genesis%20Block",children:"Genesis Block "}),"."]})},"block reward":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The reward given to a miner or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," after it has successfully hashed a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," block. Block rewards can be a mixture of coins and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," fees. The composition depends on the policy used by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," in question, and whether all of the coins have already been successfully mined. The current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20reward",children:"block reward "})," for the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is 12.5 bitcoins per block."]})},"block time":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["When we talk about '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20time",children:"block time "}),"', we're referring to how long it takes for a block of transactions (see 'block') to be confirmed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", either by miners under PoW or by validators under PoS. See also 'Proof of Work', 'Proof of Stake'."]})},blockchain:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," comprised of unchangeable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks. Each block is ‘chained’ to the next block using a cryptographic signature. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),", open to the world; its digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," is distributed, or synced, between many nodes; these nodes arrive at ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," regarding whether a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is valid before encrypting it, along with a number of other valid transactions, into a block. For more on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, see here. See also 'block'."]})},"Blockchain explorer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/API",children:"API "}),", that displays information about ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," activity in a more human-friendly way. While a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," is designed to keep information forever, and be 'readable by anyone', finding the specific information you're interested in may require indexing data off the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"--that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorers. A prominent example is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/etherscan",children:"etherscan "}),", which also offers explorers on a number of other networks."]})},"blockchain trilemma":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Tradeoffs facing those building ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks vis-a-vis three elements: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "}),", security, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," (or speed). These three elements are either necessary or desireable in public distributed networks, and often, designing a system that optimizes for one compromises on another."]})},"BNB Chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Build N Build (BNB) Chain is a distributed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," upon which developers and innovators can build decentralized applications (DApps) as part of the move to Web3. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BNB%20chain",children:"BNB chain "})]})},"bounty / bug bounty":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A reward offered for exposing vulnerabilities and issues in computer code."})},"brain wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," generated from a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "})," or password or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/passphrase",children:"passphrase "})," of your choosing. Humans are not capable of generating enough ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/entropy",children:"entropy "}),", or randomness, and therefore the wallets derived from these phrases are insecure; brain wallets can be brute forced by super fast computers. For this reason, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/brain%20wallet",children:"brain wallet "})," are insecure and should not be used. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Seed%20phrase",children:"Seed phrase "})," / ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"'."]})},Brave:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Brave",children:"Brave "})," is a free and open-source web browser developed by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Brave",children:"Brave "})," Software, Inc., based on the Chromium web browser. It has a built-in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," that allows users to connect to the web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"."]})},Bridge:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "})," is a tool built to move assets from one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to another. It’s also a verb, used to describe that action: “I bridged my ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "}),".” Not all bridges are created equal, and you should be informed about what you’re doing before you use one. Field Guide to bridges See also ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "})]})},BTC:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Abbreviation for Bitcoin"})},BUIDL:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Ostensibly coined (see what we did there) by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "}),"'s Kevin Owocki. It reflects the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-focused mindset of not just investing in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," as a store of value, but rather investing in it as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," and a platform for public goods and software; it complements, in this sense, the now-infamous HODL."]})},bytecode:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bytecode",children:"Bytecode "})," is a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-level' computer language, that is, meant to be processed by a computer, rather than a 'high-level', more human-readable, language. In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", higher-level ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Solidity",children:"Solidity "})," is compiled into ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),", which is read by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "}),")."]})},"Byzantine fault tolerance":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A Byzantine fault, or failure, is one of the most difficult failures to deal with in computer systems; this is because it takes into ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," the possibility that the information used to determine the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the system may--or may not--be reliable. While applicable in many realms of technology, this becomes of particular interest in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," systems: how do we ensure that we can agree on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," when there is an incentive, often a significant financial incentive, to subvert the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," for one's own profit? On a more basic level, if we're coordinating a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," running around the world on all kinds of different hardware and software, there are all kinds or problems that can occur that hinder the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s ability to reach ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," on its current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),". Therefore, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that has been designed and implemented to be resistant to these sorts of failures, either due to malicious intent or technical failure, is said to be Byzantine Fault Tolerant."]})},"Byzantium fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"' in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that occurred in October of 2017. For detailled information, see here; see also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'."]})},Celo:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Celo",children:"Celo "})," is a platform designed to allow mobile users around the world to make simple financial transactions with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". The platform has its own ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and two native tokens: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/CELO",children:"CELO "})," and cUSD"]})},"Centralized exchange (CEX)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/CEX",children:"CEX "}),") is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that is operated and controlled by a centralized entity. In a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/CEX",children:"CEX "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," company or organization acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers, holding and managing the assets on behalf of its users. Centralized exchanges typically offer a wide range of trading pairs, with many popular cryptocurrencies available for trade. They also usually have high ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," and offer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/advanced",children:"advanced "})," trading features such as margin trading, order types, and charting tools. However, centralized exchanges also have several drawbacks. They are often targeted by hackers, as the centralized nature of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," makes them a single point of failure. They also require users to trust the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," to hold their funds securely and execute trades fairly, which can be a source of concern for some users."]})},CEX:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see 'Centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Exchange",children:"Exchange "}),"'."]})},"chain ID":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/chain%20ID",children:"chain ID "})," is a unique identifier that represents a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". We use it to distinguish different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks from each other and to ensure that transactions and messages are sent to the correct ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," networks have two identifiers, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ID and a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/chain%20ID",children:"chain ID "}),". Although they often have the same value, they have different uses. Peer-to-peer communication between nodes uses the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ID, while the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," signature process uses the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/chain%20ID",children:"chain ID "})]})},Chrome:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Internet browser."})},"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing in general, a 'client' is a program, running on a local computer, that is accessing data made available by a remote computer. In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks, a 'client' is the software that actually does the work of syncing block data, confirming transactions, and participating in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". A client usually includes a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," software ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," has supported efforts to maintain the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," clients of Besu and Teku; see an up-to-date list of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," clients here."]})},Codefi:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Derived from “Commerce & ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Decentralized%20Finance",children:"Decentralized Finance "}),"”, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Codefi",children:"Codefi "}),", part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "}),", builds applications for commerce and financial use cases. Currently known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensys",children:"Consensys "})," Staking"]})},coin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The term '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),"' has some nuances. Strictly speaking, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),"' could be defined as: A fungible ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," (all of them identical) issued on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", either as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s transactional ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),", or through a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," deployed to that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Some people may use 'coins' as shorthand for 'bitcoin'; the immortal aphorism 'not your keys, not your coins' refers to bitcoins. Another thing to keep in mind is that, while coins are put forward as some sort of representation of value, that value can vary wildly from one '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),"' to another. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "})," may represent the value of the computational resources of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", or it may be 'pegged' to represent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "})," value, or it may float according to the value placed on immaterial resources like NFTs, membership, or digital goods, to name a few."]})},"Coinbase Pay":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Coinbase%20Pay",children:"Coinbase Pay "})," is a payment feature that allows you to buy or transfer supported crypto on Coinbase.com directly from self-custody wallets (like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),") and dapps."]})},"cold storage":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["cold ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cold%20storage",children:"cold storage "}),": An offline ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub"]})},"cold wallet / cold storage":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An offline ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub."]})},"Community Platform":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/community%20platform",children:"community platform "})," is a dedicated virtual space where people who share the same goals, interests, or motivations can connect and build relationships. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/community%20platform",children:"community platform "})," can be accessed here: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Community"]})},Compiling:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["There are many languages in computing and software programming. In general, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-level' languages are those actually processed by the computer's operating system or processor, while 'high-level' languages are those typed in by software developers making programs. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Compiling",children:"Compiling "}),", then, is converting code written in a high-level programming language (e.g., ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Solidity",children:"Solidity "}),") into a lower-level language (e.g., ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),")."]})},Compound:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Compound",children:"Compound "})," is a decentralized, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that allows you to lend and borrow crypto — and have a say in its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," with its native COMP ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),"."]})},confirmation:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/confirmation",children:"confirmation "})," happens when a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," has verified a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Under a Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, this happens through a process known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "}),"; under Proof of Stake (PoS), the process is known as validation. Once a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is successfully confirmed, it theoretically cannot be reversed or double spent. The more confirmations a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," has, the harder it becomes to perform a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "})," attack."]})},consensus:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The process used by a group of peers, or nodes, on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to agree on the validity of transactions submitted to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Dominant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms are Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)."]})},"Consensus client":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," client is a component of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," that is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It communicates with other nodes to reach ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and to ensure that all nodes have a consistent copy of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),". There are various types of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks, including proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS), and delegated proof of stake (DPoS). The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," client implements the specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism used by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and ensures that all nodes follow the rules and reach agreement on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},"Consensus layer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," layer is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks, and for coordinating communication between nodes to achieve ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". In a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," layer is implemented by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "})," that defines how new blocks are added to the chain and how the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," reaches agreement on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),"."]})},"Consensus mechanism":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensus",children:"Consensus "})," mechanisms (also known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," protocols or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," algorithms) allow distributed systems (networks of computers) to work together and stay secure."]})},Consensys:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Short for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensus",children:"Consensus "})," Systems, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," is the software engineering leader of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," space."]})},"Constantinople fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["One of the 'hard forks' made to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", in February 2019. For more detailed information, see here; see also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'."]})},contract:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})]})},"Contract account":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," containing code that executes whenever it receives a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," from another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," (EOA or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),")."]})},CoolWallet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," for Bitcoin, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, and ERC20 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "}),"."]})},"crypto asset":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A useful blanket term that covers ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products."]})},"crypto bounties":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Crypto%20bounties",children:"Crypto bounties "})," are an important rewards mechanism that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects utilize in order to secure the successful accomplishments of certain tasks required by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Initially, bounties were intended as a marketing tool to attract users to participate in performing validation services for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects. Today, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20bounties",children:"crypto bounties "})," have developed significantly beyond the purpose of a simple marketing tool. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20bounties",children:"crypto bounties "})]})},"crypto fund":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20fund",children:"crypto fund "})," is a type of investment fund that focuses on investing in cryptocurrencies or companies involved in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," industry. These funds are designed to give investors exposure to the crypto market without the need for them to directly buy and hold cryptocurrencies themselves."]})},"crypto wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," is a device, physical medium, program or a service which stores the public and/or private keys for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," transactions. Crypto wallets come in different forms, including software wallets, hardware wallets, and paper wallets."]})},"crypto-":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Even though this prefix is originally Greek, our current usage comes from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "}),". Technologies that are referred to with the blanket term of 'crypto' tech are underlain by cryptographic tools and processes (such as public/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," pairs) that enable innovative functionality and security. Of course, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"' often gets shortened to simply 'crypto', so this emerging field is full of instances where something 'crypto' is being added to or shortened. With the emergence of the term 'Web3', arguably a distinction has begun to be made between 'crypto', referring to DeFi and other financial use cases of the technology, while 'Web3' refers to the transition of Internet-based activities to more decentralized practices and platforms."]})},"crypto-compliance":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A blanket term used to refer to ensuring crypto projects conform with applicable regulations and laws."})},cryptoassets:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A useful blanket term that covers ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products."]})},cryptocurrency:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Digital currency that is based on mathematics and uses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "})," techniques to regulate the creation of units of currency as well as verifying the transfer of funds. Cryptocurrencies operate independently of a central bank, and are kept track of through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," technology."]})},cryptoeconomics:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The economic analysis of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20finance",children:"decentralized finance "}),"; notably, the MIT ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Cryptoeconomics",children:"Cryptoeconomics "})," Lab."]})},cryptography:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In its broadest sense, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "})," is the art of 'hidden writing' -- using some sort of code to encrypt writing. In modern times, it often refers to the application of this concept within computing, communication, and data transfer through computers and computer networks. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Cryptography",children:"Cryptography "})," has been protected as free speech in the United States, and provides the technological foundation that allows ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks to be public: despite the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," being open and accessible by all, control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," and the ability to move assets on it is mediated through cryptographic tools, such as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"."]})},Curve:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Curve",children:"Curve "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "}),"."]})},"custody (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of cryptocurrencies, custody refers to the safekeeping and management of digital assets on behalf of a client by a third-party service provider. Custody services are an important aspect of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," industry because cryptocurrencies are digital assets that require secure storage and management to prevent loss, theft, or unauthorized access. Crypto custody services are typically offered by specialized companies that provide secure storage solutions for cryptocurrencies. These companies use various security measures such as multi-signature authentication, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cold%20storage",children:"cold storage "}),", and insurance to protect their clients' assets."]})},"D'CENT":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20wallet",children:"Hardware wallet "}),"."]})},DAI:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAI",children:"DAI "})," is an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/stablecoin",children:"stablecoin "})," whose issuance and development is managed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "})," and the MakerDAO decentralized autonomous organization."]})},DAO:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Acronym; see 'Decentralized Autonomous Organization'."})},dapp:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20application",children:"decentralized application "}),"'"]})},decentralization:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The transfer of authority and responsibility from a centralized organization, government, or party to a distributed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"decentralized application":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An open-source software application with backend (not user-facing) code running on a decentralized peer-to-peer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", rather than a centralized server. You may see alternate spellings: dApps, DApps, Dapps, and Đapps."]})},"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A Digital Decentralized Autonomous Organization (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", pronounced like the Chinese concept) is a powerful and very flexible organizational structure built on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Alternatively, the first known example of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "})," is referred to as The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),". The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "})," served as a form of investor-directed venture capital fund, which sought to provide enterprises with new decentralized business models. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based, The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),"’s code was open source. The organization set the record for the most crowdfunded project in 2016. Those funds were partially stolen by hackers. The hack caused an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," hard-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "})," which lead to the creation of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Classic."]})},"decentralized exchange (DEX)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") is a platform for exchanging cryptocurrencies based on functionality programmed on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," (i.e., in smart contracts). The trading is peer-to-peer, or between pools of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "}),". This is in contrast with a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),", which is more akin to a bank or investment firm that specializes in cryptocurrencies. Additionally, there are so-called on-ramp providers, who could be compared to currency brokers, exchanging traditional “fiat” money for cryptocurrencies, and do not hold customer’s funds “on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "}),"” the way a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," does. There are important technical and regulatory differences between these, which are constantly evolving."]})},"decentralized finance":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["If ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," is web3’s monetary system, its financial system is DeFi. This includes familiar concepts like loans and interest-bearing financial instruments, as well as so-called “DeFi primitives”, novel solutions like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," swapping and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pools."]})},"decentralized web":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),", also known as web3, is a concept that refers to a new type of internet architecture that aims to provide a more open, secure, and privacy-preserving internet experience by removing the need for centralized intermediaries and giving users more control over their data. In contrast to the current centralized web, where most online activities are controlled by a few large corporations and their servers, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "})," relies on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of distributed nodes and peer-to-peer protocols to store and transmit data. This means that there is no central authority controlling the internet, and users can interact directly with each other without the need for intermediaries."]})},deposit:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In most web3 contexts, 'depositing' refers to the act of transferring some amount of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),"(s) to an address other than one's own, most often to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," controlled by a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"', such as a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),", video game or multiverse, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", etc. Generally, the user will receive something in return for their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "}),", and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," can be claimed at the user's discretion, or upon completion of given conditions. Compare with 'stake'."]})},"derive / derivation":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["To derive something is to obtain it from an original source. In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"technology, we often discuss 'deriving' wallets and accounts from seed phrases (aka Secret Recovery Phrases, or SRPs). This is literally true: the SRP represents a cryptographic key which is used to derive ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," addresses deterministically, meaning they will be derived the same way each time. Another, more technical, way of referring to this technology is to refer to 'hierarchical deterministic' wallets."]})},dev:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Abbreviation of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/developer",children:"developer "}),"."]})},Devcon:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["This is shorthand for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Developers’ Conference."]})},Developer:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A person that creates new products, especially computer products such as software."})},DEX:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see 'decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),"'."]})},difficulty:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The concept outlining how hard it is to verify blocks in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," during Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "}),". In the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," adjusts every 2016 blocks. This is to keep block verification time at ten minutes."]})},"difficulty bomb":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," bomb, along with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," and others, was a key element of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "})," to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," 2.0 and a Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism. As the name indicates, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," bomb was a software mechanism that increased block verification ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "}),", making it more expensive and difficult--eventually, prohibitively so--to mine a new block. Through economic incentive, and later, the raw limitations of computing power, this forced the shift to PoS ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". See also 'Proof of Stake', 'the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "}),"'."]})},"digital asset":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A digital commodity that is scarce, electronically transferable, and intangible with a market value."})},"digital identity":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"An online or networked identity adopted by an individual, organization, or electronic device."})},"Digital signature":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A short string of data a user produces for a document using a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," such that anyone with the corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),", the signature, and the document can verify that (1) the document was 'signed' by the owner of that particular ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", and (2) the document was not changed after it was signed."]})},"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A type of cyber-attack in which the perpetrator continuously overwhelms the system with requests in order to prevent service of legitimate requests."})},"distributed ledger":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Distributed%20ledger",children:"Distributed ledger "})," data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology, as 'crypto' has come to mean '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"', 'web3' is the collective community, and '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"', after all, is 'just' the data structure used to sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," itself."]})},"Distributed Ledger Technology":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Distributed%20ledger",children:"Distributed ledger "})," data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology, as ‘crypto’ has come to mean ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"’, ‘web3’ is the collective community, and ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’, after all, is “just” the data structure used to sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," itself."]})},DLT:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," technology'."]})},"double spend":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "}),"' is the benchmark security concern of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks: how do we ensure that someone doesn't send the same ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to two different entities, essentially 'spending their money twice'? This is the cornerstone of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, ensuring that all nodes of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," are 'in agreement' about which assets are allocated to which addresses, on an ongoing basis, to prevent malicious actions such as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "}),"."]})},ecosystem:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of 'web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"'; '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"'. See 'web3'; See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"'"]})},Edge:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Edge",children:"Edge "})," computing': it is an emerging computing paradigm which refers to a range of networks and devices at or near the user. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Edge",children:"Edge "})," is about processing data closer to where it's being generated, enabling processing at greater speeds and volumes, leading to greater action-led results in real time. The term can also refer to Microsoft's browser or the crypto software ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})]})},"EIP-1559":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["EIP (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Improvement Proposal) The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," functions as a whole. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "})," will change ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"’s fee market mechanism. Fundamentally, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "})," gets rid of the first-price auction as the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fee calculation. In first-price auctions, people bid a set amount of money to pay for their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to be processed, and the highest bidder wins. With ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "}),", there will be a discrete “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/base%20fee",children:"base fee "}),"” for transactions to be included in the next block. For users or applications that want to prioritize their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),", they can add a “tip,” which is called a “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/priority%20fee",children:"priority fee "}),"” to pay a miner for faster inclusion."]})},"encrypted vs unencrypted keys":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As discussed elsewhere, public and private cryptographic key pairs are one of the technologies that underpins cryptocurrencies and 'crypto' tech in general. In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", an unencrypted ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," is 64 characters long, and it is used to unlock or restore wallets. An encrypted key is also 64 letters long and is a regular ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," that has gone through the process of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "}),". Usually, encrypted private keys are kept within the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," or device they are encrypted by, and they remain out of sight from the user. This is meant to add another layer of security to keep a user’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," information safe. By way of example: if the world ‘Apple’ was your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", then it was encrypted three letters down the alphabet, your new encrypted key would be ‘Dssoh’. Since you know the way to encrypt this key, you could derive the original ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," from it by reversing the method of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "}),"."]})},encryption:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Encrpytion, literally 'in a hidden place', is the art and science of encoding information to control who can read it, or how it is to be read. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Encryption",children:"Encryption "})," occurs in natural (human) languages, as well as in machine and computer languages. Highly complex, and therefore difficult to decipher, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "})," is an essential element enabling ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks to be simultaneously public and secure."]})},ENS:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Name Service is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", managed by a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet's DNS."]})},"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A group of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," core developers, startups, and large companies working together to commercialize and use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for different business applications. Website here."]})},entropy:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "}),", '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/entropy",children:"entropy "}),"' refers to 'randomness'; generally, the more random something is (the more ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/entropy",children:"entropy "})," it has), the more secure it is."]})},epoch:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "}),", in general, is a measure of time, or of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," progression, on a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Proof of Stake, an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "})," consists of 32 slots, each lasting 12 seconds, for a total of 6.4 minutes per ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "}),". There is additional functionality built upon the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "})," measure in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," to help ensure security and proper operation of the Chain."]})},ERC:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Request for Comment, or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),", is a bit of a misnomer, as it is used to refer to suggestions for modifications that have already made it through the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Improvement ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Protocol",children:"Protocol "})," (EIP) process and have been made standard on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "})," is, essentially, a set of standards for a given operation or topic on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". The authoritative list can be found here."]})},"ERC-1155":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," standard for creating semi-fungible tokens, meaning you can launch both fungible and non-fungible tokens within a single ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"."]})},"ERC-20 Token Standard":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "})," is the abbreviation for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Request for Comment and is followed by the assignment number of the standard. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 is a technical standard for smart contracts which is used to issue the majority of tokens (in particular, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," tokens) extant on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". This list of rules states the requirements that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," must fulfill to be compliant and function within the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"ERC-721":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "})," Standard Another standard for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "}),": this is the standard that created what we all now know as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),". This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," standard is used to represent a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens."]})},"ERC-721 Token Standard":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "})," Standard A standard for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "}),": this is the standard that created what we all now know as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),". This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," standard is used to represent a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens."]})},ETH:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Acronym; see 'ether'"})},"ether (denominations)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["There are a number of denominations of the currency we know as 'ether' or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "}),"; for the definitive explanation, see the original ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Homestead documentation ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Homestead documentation here."]})},"ether (ETH)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Ether is the native ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Ether—also referred to as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," (pronounced with a long “e”, like “teeth” without the “t”)—functions as the fuel of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),", by quantifying the work performed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", and as a form of payment for participants securing the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},Ethereum:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and decentralized software platform upon which developers build and run applications. As it is a proper noun, it should always be capitalized."]})},"Ethereum 2.0":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["a.k.a The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," Finalized in September 2022, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," from a Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," live. This was successful, and reduced the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%."]})},"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," functions as a whole; the official repository is here. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "}),". Keep in mind that as it is an iterative, lengthy process, some EIPs never get fully approved, and some do, and many end up somewhere in a gray area of 'partially implemented'."]})},"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Name Service is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", managed by a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet’s DNS."]})},"Ethereum Public Address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," public address, also known as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," address, is a string of 42 characters (including letters and numbers) that is used to receive or send ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," and other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based tokens on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Each ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," public address is unique and is associated with a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," that allows the owner of the address to sign and authorize transactions. The public address is derived from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," using a mathematical ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "}),", and it can be shared with others to receive payments or tokens. When sending ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," or tokens, users need to specify the recipient's public address as the destination for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Once the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is confirmed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," or tokens are transferred to the recipient's address."]})},"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," is a virtual machine that operates on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It is Turing complete and allows anyone, anywhere to execute arbitrary ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),". All ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," nodes run on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "}),". It is home for smart contracts based on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Etherscan:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A popular website for analyzing activity on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorer’. https://",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/etherscan",children:"etherscan "}),".io/"]})},EVM:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine'."]})},exchange:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A place to trade ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". Centralized exchanges, operated by companies like Coinbase and Gemini, function as intermediaries, while decentralized exchanges do not have a central authority."]})},"Execution client":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Execution clients are tasked with processing and broadcasting transactions, as well as with managing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),". They run the computations for each ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine to ensure that the rules of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," are followed. Today, they also handle proof of work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". After the transition to proof of stake, they will delegate this to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," clients."]})},"Execution layer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/execution%20layer",children:"execution layer "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of execution clients."]})},"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". An extended ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", or xprv, is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," which can be used to derive child private keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"."]})},"Extended Public Key (XPUB)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),"'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". An extended ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),", or xpub, is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," which can be used to derive child public keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"."]})},Extension:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," is a web browser ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," and mobile app that allows you to manage your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," private keys. By doing so, it serves as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," or other private keys. You retain all power over your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"identity."]})},Fantom:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Fantom",children:"Fantom "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," platform that aims to facilitate fast and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-cost transactions for dapps and smart contracts. It was launched in 2018 and is based on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," codebase, but with several key enhancements. One of the main features of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Fantom",children:"Fantom "})," is its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, known as Lachesis, which is a variant of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) that allows for high ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/confirmation",children:"confirmation "})," times. This means that transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Fantom",children:"Fantom "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," can be processed quickly and at a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "})," cost, making it an attractive platform for developers looking to build dApps that require fast and efficient transactions."]})},faucet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," is an application, sometimes a very simple website, other times more complex, that dispenses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". While some networks, especially those in early launch stages, offer “real ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),"” tokens via faucets, it is much more common for a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," to be present on a test ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", or testnet. These faucets are used by developers to test out dapps or smart contracts before deploying them on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),", or users who want to practice an action on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," with no risk. Tokens dispensed by a test ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," stay on the test networks and cannot be exchanged for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," equivalents."]})},"fiat currency":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Government-issued currency. For example, US Dollars (USD), Euros (EUR), Yuan (CNY), and Yen (JPY)."})},"final, finality":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is considered 'final' once it can no longer be changed. In a sense, this happens once there are sufficient confirmations of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),", but for all intents and purposes, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is final once the block that contains it is mined or validated. Keep in mind that this reflects a fundamental rule of blockchains: unlike traditional financial systems where charges can be 'reversed', there is no 'undoing' a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Once finality is reached, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is immutable."]})},"Finality Rate":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"See 'finality'"})},"financial technology (FinTech)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"The integration of technology into offerings by financial services companies in order to improve their use and delivery to consumers."})},finney:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A denomination of ether. See ether (denomination)."})},Firefox:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Internet browser."})},Firewall:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/firewall",children:"firewall "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," traffic based on predetermined security rules. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/firewall",children:"firewall "})," typically establishes a barrier between a trusted ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and an untrusted ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", such as the Internet."]})},Flask:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," has. What is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "}),", and how is it different from normal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})]})},fork:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Forking' is a term that comes from the world of collaborative software development, and refers to the action of copying an existing application or set of code and modifying it to create an alternate version. At the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," level, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"' creates an alternative version of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Forks are often enacted intentionally to apply upgrades to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Soft Forks render two chains with some compatibility, while Hard Forks create a new version of the chain that must be adopted to continue participation. In the instance of a contentious ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hard%20Fork",children:"Hard Fork "}),", this can create two versions of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'."]})},"Fractional Ownership":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," ownership: A fractional ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," (F-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),") is an entire ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," broken into smaller fragments, allowing several people to claim ownership of a piece of the same ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),". Fractional NFTs"]})},"Fraud proof":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A security model for certain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," solutions where, to increase speed, transactions are rolled up into batches and submitted to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," in a single ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". They are assumed valid but can be challenged if fraud is suspected. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fraud%20proof",children:"fraud proof "})," will then run the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to see if fraud took place. This method increases the amount of transactions possible while maintaining security."]})},"full node":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Public blockchains consist of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of computers which sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s data, coordinate ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," requests, and participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "}),"'. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/full%20node",children:"full node "})," is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," does not download all pieces of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’s data, and uses a different validation process."]})},Ganache:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ganache",children:"Ganache "})," is a personal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," development that developers can use to deploy contracts, develop applications, and run tests. It is part of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," Suite ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"."]})},gas:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A measure of the computational steps required for a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This then equates to a fee for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," users paid in small units of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," specified as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gwei",children:"gwei "}),". For more on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "}),", see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"’s user guide here: User Guide: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})]})},"gas fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," fee refers to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," fee on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It is what users pay to get their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," validated, or completed."]})},"gas limit":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," limit is the maximum amount you’re willing to pay for any given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to go through the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Another way of looking at it is as a “rough estimate” of how much computing power your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," will take."]})},"gas price":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," price is what it sounds like: the cost the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is paid for the computational work being performed in a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". It is paid in units of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," called ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gwei",children:"gwei "}),". Depending on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," congestion, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," price may vary significantly."]})},"Gas Station Network":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Station ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GSN",children:"GSN "}),") is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of relayers mainly referring to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It allows you to build dapps which provide payment for transactions, so users do not need to hold Ether or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," to pay for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "}),", easing their onboarding process and improving user acquisition and experience. However, while the relayers in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GSN",children:"GSN "})," do not charge users, they charge the recipient and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "})," instead. In this way, the relayers recover the costs of transactions and profit from extra fees for providing such services. Originally conceived and designed by TabooKey, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GSN",children:"GSN "})," has grown to encompass many companies, protocols and platforms in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," that wish to facilitate the onboarding of users to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," applications. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Station ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})]})},"genesis block":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The initial block of data computed in the history of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},Gigawei:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gwei",children:"Gwei "})," is a unit of ether, the smallest denomination, which stands for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gigawei",children:"gigawei "})," (or 1,000,000,000). ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gwei",children:"Gwei "})," is used for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees, or rather payments made by users to compensate for the computing energy required to process and validate transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Gitcoin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "})," is a platform where coders and developers can get paid to work on open-source software in a wide variety of programming languages. Users can also submit their own project ideas to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "})," platform in order to crowdsource funding from contributing donors. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "})]})},GitHub:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GitHub",children:"GitHub "})," is an online software development platform. It's used for storing, tracking, and collaborating on software projects. It makes it easy for developers to share code files and collaborate with fellow developers on open-source projects. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GitHub",children:"GitHub "})," also serves as a social networking site where developers can openly ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", collaborate, and pitch their work. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GitHub",children:"GitHub "})]})},Goerli:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Goerli",children:"Goerli "})," is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "}),"."]})},Governance:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the world of cryptocurrencies, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," is defined as the people or organizations that have decision-making powers regarding the project. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Governance",children:"Governance "})," is an essential aspect of all ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," projects. As decentralized blockchains, cryptocurrencies often have a very liberal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," structure. There are a number of different approaches to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Governance",children:"Governance "})]})},GSN:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Abbreviation for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Station ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})]})},gwei:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A minuscule and common denomination of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "}),", and the unit in which ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," prices are often specified. See 'ether (denominations)' entry for more information."]})},halving:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Many cryptocurrencies have a finite supply, which makes them a scarce digital commodity. For example, the total amount of bitcoin that will ever be issued is 21 million. The number of bitcoins generated per block is decreased 50% every four years. This is called “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/halving",children:"halving "}),".” The final ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/halving",children:"halving "})," will take place in the year 2140."]})},"hard fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "})," occurs when there is a change in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," that is not backward compatible (not compatible with older versions), thus requiring all participants to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "})," to the new version in order to be able to continue participating on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"'."]})},"hardware wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," is a physical device that is used to store cryptographic keys, and generally, sign transactions. Some hardware wallets can be connected physically or through software to internet connectivity; others are ‘air-gapped’, receiving ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," requests and sending ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," approvals through a mechanism such as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "}),". The overall goal of using a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," to manage keys and signatures is to reduce the likelihood of your keys or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," from being somehow stolen or compromised, due to being connected to the Internet. For more on hardware wallets, see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub"]})},"hash (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing, ‘hashing’ is an operation performed on lists or sets of data to create a reliable index for that data. A particular datum, or a reference to it, is fed into an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "}),", which transforms the datum and returns a standardized, and generally unrecognizable, ‘hash’ of it, sometimes referred to as that datum or file’s “digital fingerprint.” Each block in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," contains the hash value that validated the block before it, followed by its own hash value (this is how the continuity of the ‘chain’ is constructed). Hashes can be used to confirm that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," transactions are complete and valid. You may see references to the “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," hash” or “tx hash”; this should be understood as “unique identifier of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"”."]})},"hexadecimal; 'hex data'":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Hexadecimal is a base 16, rather than base 10, counting system. Used all over ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for a variety of things, a hexadecimal string is comprised of the numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and letters A B C D E F."]})},"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Hierarchical Deterministic wallets were first created for Bitcoin, and enable the creation of a very large number of accounts based on an initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),". This technology was later adopted in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," wallets; when restoring a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),", for example, if you 'create' accounts, they will be the same accounts as previously created from that same phrase; they are derived from it."]})},"hot storage":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Synonymous with '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hot%20wallet",children:"hot wallet "}),"'."]})},"hot wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," that is directly connected to the internet at all times; for example, one that is held on a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". Hot wallets are considered to have lower security than ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cold%20storage",children:"cold storage "})," systems or hardware wallets."]})},"Hybrid Network":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Hybrid ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/PoS%2FPoW%20Hybrid",children:"PoS/PoW Hybrid "}),"'"]})},Hyperledger:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," is an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," of open-system tools, libraries, and products designed to enable and support enterprise-grade ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology. In general, the products focus on creating solutions for permissioned blockchains--that is, non-public blockchains, with alternative ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms other than Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS). That said, there are use cases where such institutions would want to integrate with public blockchains, and for that reason ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," Besu and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," Burrow are actively developed projects, the former being a Java-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," client, the latter being a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," platform which supports ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),"."]})},ICO:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An Initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Coin",children:"Coin "})," Offering (also called ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ICO",children:"ICO "}),") occurs when a new ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," project sells advance tokens in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for upfront capital. These have been a vehicle for fraud and scams, and as such are subject to ever-evolving regulation and legislation."]})},"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The colorful blob of colors that corresponds to your address in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),". It is an easy way to see if your address is correct. More specifically, you can choose between jazzicons (created by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," team!) or blockies."]})},immutability:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The inability to be altered or changed. This is a key element of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks: once written onto a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),", data cannot be altered. This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/immutability",children:"immutability "})," provides the basis for commerce and trade to take place on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks."]})},Infura:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "})," offers backend access to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," over established HTTP and WebSockets technology. Prior to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "}),", developers were obligated to run their own nodes of the networks with which they wanted to interact; ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "})," provides that access through a set of APIs. This enables developers of dapps and websites seeking to interact with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," to do so, and at scale. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "})]})},"Initial Public Offering (IPO)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"An initial public offering (IPO) is the process of a company offering shares for purchase on the stock market for the first time. IPO"})},"Insider Trading":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Insider%20trading",children:"Insider trading "})," happens when someone purchases or sells stocks while possessing private, material information about that stock. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Insider%20Trading",children:"Insider Trading "})]})},"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Inter-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," Communication (IBC) is a communication ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that allows different blockchains to relay messages to each other. It guarantees reliable, ordered and authenticated communication between the chains. Blockchains can trustlessly ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," value like tokens. IBC does not work like a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "}),". Instead, blockchains send packets of information via smart contracts that allow them to not only ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," value but relay any form of data, such as communication, via the communication ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),". Inter-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," Communication (IBC)"]})},"internal transaction":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/internal%20transaction",children:"internal transaction "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is one that occurs between smart contracts, rather than between addresses. Notably, they are not included on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", and therefore do not incur ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees, but they are often crucial to carrying out the action in question, and can be viewed on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Etherscan",children:"Etherscan "}),". For more detail, see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s article on the topic: Internal Transactions"]})},Interoperability:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/interoperability",children:"interoperability "}),", or cross-chain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/interoperability",children:"interoperability "}),", is the ability to see and share information across multiple blockchains. One of the clear benefits of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/interoperability",children:"interoperability "})," is being able to trade assets across various blockchains without the need for a centralized, custodial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Interoperability",children:"Interoperability "})]})},"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A decentralized file storage and referencing system for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", and the internet as a whole. IFPS is an open source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that enables storing and sharing hypermedia (text, audio, visual) in a distributed manner without relying on a single point of failure. This distributed file system enables applications to run faster, safer and more transparently."]})},"IP address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A unique string of characters that identifies each computer using the Internet ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Protocol",children:"Protocol "})," to communicate over a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"JSON file":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an open standard file format for sharing data that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data. it is commonly used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," systems to move data."]})},"JSON-RPC":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "})," is, quite simply, a method used to move data around computer systems, and predates ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology. It was chosen as a standard for moving data between ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks and Internet browsers and wallets, with the result that these networks have come to be called '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/RPC",children:"RPC "})," networks', despite ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "})," not being their defining technical feature."]})},"keystore file":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/keystore%20file",children:"keystore file "})," is a special, encrypted version of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," in JSON format. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"'."]})},"Know Your Customer (KYC)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A process in which a business must verify the identity and background information (address, financial details, etc.) of their customers. For example, current regulations and laws require banks and other financial institutions to keep and report customers' personal information and transactions."})},"Know Your Transaction":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Know%20Your%20Transaction",children:"Know Your Transaction "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/KYT",children:"KYT "}),") is a process employed by financial institutions to monitor the merchants' businesses through the analysis of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," data."]})},Kovan:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Kovan",children:"Kovan "})," test ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," has been deprecated. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," used to have four testnets: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ropsten",children:"Ropsten "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rinkeby",children:"Rinkeby "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Goerli",children:"Goerli "}),", and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Kovan",children:"Kovan "})," (Kiln was also added for specific purposes relating to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," in 2022). However, after the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," occurred on September 15th 2022, most of the existing testnets began being deprecated (taken out of service). They may still work, but could be unreliable. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Sepolia",children:"Sepolia "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Goerli",children:"Goerli "})," are now the only two available."]})},KYC:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Acronym; see 'Know Your Customer'."})},KYT:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Know%20Your%20Transaction",children:"Know Your Transaction "}),"'."]})},latency:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "}),": refers to the amount of time it takes for a computer on one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to communicate with a computer on another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "})]})},Lattice1:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lattice1",children:"Lattice1 "})," is a powerful, secure, and user-friendly ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," that allows you to manage an unlimited number of wallets and easily transact on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Launchpad:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Launchpad",children:"Launchpad "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Foundation's official way to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," for staking on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Launchpad",children:"Launchpad "})]})},"layer 0":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," refers to the underlying infrastructure that supports the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It includes the physical hardware, such as computers, servers, and other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," components, as well as the software protocols that govern the interactions between the nodes in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". In other words, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is the foundation upon which the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is built. It provides the necessary resources and technical capabilities for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to function, such as computing power, storage, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," connectivity. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is essential to the operation and security of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", as it ensures that data is transmitted and stored correctly and securely across the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is sometimes also referred to as 'Layer Zero' or 'L0'. It is important to note that the concept of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is not unique to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, but is a more general term used to describe the physical and technical infrastructure underlying any type of computer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"layer 1":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," refers to the base layer of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),". It is the layer that contains the core elements of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", including the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, the data structure, and the rules that govern the creation and transfer of assets or tokens. In other words, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," is the foundation of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology stack, upon which all other layers and applications are built. It is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and ensuring that all transactions are valid and secure. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," is designed to be decentralized, meaning that no single entity has control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This is achieved through the use of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms, such as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), or other methods, which enable participants to reach agreement on the validity of transactions and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Some examples of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," protocols include Bitcoin, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Binance",children:"Binance "})," Smart Chain, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Avalanche",children:"Avalanche "}),"."]})},"layer 2":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", or L2, is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," that is built specifically to scale another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". For a full understanding of how this is achieved, see here. Some popular examples of this in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," are ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "}),", and StarkNet. These chains are specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," for security functions, while optimizing for speed and scale. These networks are considered '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solutions' while not being part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"-level ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," efforts. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),"', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Serenity",children:"Serenity "}),"'. Contrast with '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "}),"'."]})},"Learn; MetaMask Learn":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. https://learn.",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metamask",children:"metamask "}),".io/"]})},Ledger:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{})},"Ledger Live App":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Live is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," interface app for users of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Nano X, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Nano S, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Blue. The app enables ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," users to manage their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," hardware and assets. Additionally, it features real-time price updates, multi-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," management, and the convenience of an extremely simple setup process. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Live combines the management of your individual crypto assets and device management into one interface, with the intention of gradually replacing the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Chrome",children:"Chrome "}),"-based applications system that previously annoyed some users of the device."]})},Library:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development. These may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. Software ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Library",children:"Library "})]})},Lido:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lido",children:"Lido "})," is a liquid staking ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," that allows users with less than 32 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," to collectively fund new validators and receive rewards."]})},"light client":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing, a 'client' is a software that runs or accesses a program made available by a remote computer. With ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks, then, clients are the programs that sync ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," data and participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". More often and more specifically, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"' is used as a noun, to refer to a type of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that is specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," for security functions, and optimizing for speed and scale. Examples include ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "}),"; this is different from a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "}),"', which is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that has its own security mechanism, yet still allows compatibility and bridging of assets between itself and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"."]})},"Lightning Network":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lightning%20Network",children:"Lightning Network "})," is a second layer for Bitcoin that uses micropayment channels to scale the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’s capability to conduct transactions more efficiently. This layer consists of multiple payment channels between parties or Bitcoin users. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lightning%20Network",children:"Lightning Network "})," channel is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," mechanism between two parties. Using channels, the parties can make or receive payments from each other. Transactions conducted on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lightning%20Network",children:"Lightning Network "})," are faster, less costly, and more readily confirmed than those conducted directly on the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},"liquid democracy (delegative democracy)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A government system where votes can be delegated or proxied to other individuals such as friends, politicians, or subject matter experts. For example, in a liquid democracy, Bernadette could give Ahmad her vote and Ahmad would then vote for both himself and Bernadette. Liquid democracy is used at times as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," mechanism for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) wherein every participant is able to vote or delegate their vote to another individual."]})},liquidation:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Liquidation",children:"Liquidation "})," happens when a trader has insufficient funds to keep a leveraged trade open. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Liquidation",children:"Liquidation "})]})},liquidity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An asset is considered more ‘liquid’ if it can easily be converted into cash, and therefore, ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "}),"’ refers to the availability of assets to a company or market. Conversely, the harder it is to turn an asset into cash, the more illiquid the asset. For example, stocks are considered relatively liquid assets, as they can be easily converted to cash, while real estate is considered an illiquid asset. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," of an asset affects its risk potential and market price."]})},"liquidity pool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pool is a crowdsourced pool of cryptocurrencies or tokens locked in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," that is used to facilitate trades between the assets on a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),"). Instead of traditional markets of buyers and sellers, many ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20finance",children:"decentralized finance "})," (DeFi) platforms use automated market makers (AMMs), which allow digital assets to be traded in an automatic and permissionless manner through the use of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pools."]})},"liquidity staking":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Liquid staking allows users to stake tokens and simultaneously use them in the DeFi ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),". This is made possible by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wrapping",children:"wrapping "})," the staked tokens and providing users with a wrapped ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," that is a claim on the underlying collateral. The wrapped tokens can be transferred and generate yield. Liquid staking permits users to stake and unstake their coins without being beholden to a lock-up period. It thus enables greater capital efficiency and increased ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," on proof-of-stake blockchains, allowing users to maximize the benefits of staking and DeFi simultaneously. Furthermore, liquid staking enhances ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," security on PoS chains."]})},Low:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees', ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Low",children:"Low "})," is a category that allows you to wait a bit longer and save money if you choose. There are 3 categories available in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Low",children:"Low "}),", Market, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aggressive",children:"Aggressive "})," Using ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Advanced",children:"Advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Controls"]})},mainnet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The primary ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," where actual transactions take place on a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "}),". For example, The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," (capitalized in this case) is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," where ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," validation and transactions take place"]})},"Maker Protocol":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "}),", built on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", enables users to create and hold currency. Current elements of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "})," are the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAI",children:"DAI "})," stable ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),", Maker Vaults, and Voting. MakerDAO governs the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "})," by deciding on key parameters (e.g., stability fees, collateral types and rates, etc.)"]})},malware:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the user's computer security and privacy."]})},"market cap":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Short for 'market capitalization', this refers to the total value held in a particular industry, market, company, or asset. For a publicly traded company, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/market%20cap",children:"market cap "})," is the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares. For Bitcoin or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", the total ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/market%20cap",children:"market cap "})," is a reflection of the current existing supply times the market price."]})},"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Originally known as Miner Extractable Value, MEV is a broad complex topic that refers to the inclusion, exclusion, and reordering of transactions within a block in order to extract more value from it, generally in excess of what a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," (or miner, on PoW networks) would earn from producing the block. MEV includes activities such as frontrunning, arbitrage, and what could be considered malicious actions to profit off of other users' transactions. This is a very active topic of research that is changing rapidly."]})},"Maximum Priority Fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The fee, or '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/miner%20tip",children:"miner tip "}),"', goes to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," or miner, and incentivizes them to prioritize your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"memory pool; mempool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["a.k.a. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transaction",children:"Transaction "})," Pool When a user submits a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"–or many other networks based on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"–the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," goes into what’s known as a “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool”, or “txpool” for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are “picked up” and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made. In Bitcoin, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool was referred to as the “memory pool”, or “mempool”, and often these terms are used interchangeably."]})},Merge:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Finalized in September 2022, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," from a Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," live. This was successful, and reduced the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%."]})},"Merkle Patricia trie":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Often referred to simply as a 'Merkle trie' (pronounced 'tree'), a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merkle%20Patricia%20trie",children:"Merkle Patricia trie "})," is a data structure in which a single hash code function (see 'hash') splits into smaller branches. In a similar way to a family tree, where a parent branch splits into child branches, which are then extrapolated into grandchild branches, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merkle%20Patricia%20trie",children:"Merkle Patricia trie "})," keeps a record of the filiation and history of each element. This type of data structure enables for faster verification on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},Mesh:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mesh",children:"Mesh "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of loosely coupled, tightly aligned teams, products, and investments advancing the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," and the arrival of web3."]})},metadata:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metadata",children:"metadata "}),"': ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Metadata",children:"Metadata "})," is 'data that provides information about other data' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Metadata",children:"Metadata "})]})},MetaMask:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", either in its mobile app form on iOS and Android, or in its browser ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," form, is a tool to access and interact with blockchains and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),". It allows users to manage their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20identity",children:"digital identity "})," and the permission of others to interact with that identity; its functions include that of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),", a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/dapp",children:"dapp "})," permissions manager, and access to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," swaps. It is an open-source project that encourages developers from other projects to build on top of it through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Snaps."]})},"MetaMask Bridge":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "}),": You can now access a curated, straightforward bridging experience in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "}),", available at https://",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/portfolio",children:"portfolio "}),".",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metamask",children:"metamask "}),".io/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "})," Only certain tokens and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," combinations are available initially. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "})]})},"MetaMask Community Platform":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," forums located at community.",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metamask",children:"metamask "}),".io ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/community%20platform",children:"community platform "})," can be accessed here: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Community"]})},"MetaMask Extension":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," is a web browser ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," and mobile app that allows you to manage your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," private keys. By doing so, it serves as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," or other private keys. You retain all power over your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"identity."]})},"MetaMask Flask":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," has. What is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "}),", and how is it different from normal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"?"]})},"MetaMask Institutional":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Institutional is an institution-compliant version of the world’s leading web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),". Organizations trust us to manage their web3 access and engagement with institution-required security, operational efficiency, and compliance. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Institutional"]})},"MetaMask Learn":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Learn"]})},"MetaMask SDK":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," SDK (Software Development Kit) is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/library",children:"library "})," that can be installed by developers in their projects. It will automatically guide their users to connect easily with a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wallet",children:"Wallet "})," client. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," SDK"]})},"MetaMask Snaps":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The first big feature shipped through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," has been ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Snaps. Snaps is a whole topic in and of itself, but think of it like this: Snaps allows developers to bring any kind of functionality they want to the application. Given how broad that is, and the potential security implications, snaps can only be used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," at the moment; however, the plan is to allow users to customize their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," experience through this functionality."]})},MetaMetrics:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMetrics",children:"MetaMetrics "})," is an opt-in analytics platform that aims to collect information on non-sensitive user events to help us improve the software for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," users. How to manage your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMetrics",children:"MetaMetrics "})," settings"]})},metaverse:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metaverse",children:"metaverse "})," is a digital universe that contains all the aspects of the real world, such as real-time interactions and economies. It offers a unique experience to end-users. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Metaverse",children:"Metaverse "})]})},"miner tip":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/miner%20tip",children:"miner tip "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maximum%20Priority%20Fee",children:"Maximum Priority Fee "})," that incentivizes the miner to prioritize a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Learn the basics of blockchains and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," (miners and validators, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "}),", cryptocurrencies and NFTs, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20explorer",children:"block explorer "}),", networks, etc.)"]})},mining:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The process by which blocks or transactions are verified and added to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," using a Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism. In order to verify a block, a miner must use a computer to solve a cryptographic problem. Once the computer has solved the problem, the block is considered “mined” or verified. On Bitcoin or other PoW blockchains, the first computer to mine or verify the block receives bitcoin, or the equivalent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),", as a reward."]})},Mint:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Minting refers to the act of publishing a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," to make it transferrable and purchasable."]})},"mnemonic phrase":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["This is an alternative way of referring to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),", also known as a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),"': a series of words that correspond to a very long cryptographic key, used to generate and control all the addresses of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "}),"."]})},MobiKwik:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MobiKwik",children:"MobiKwik "})," is an Indian payment service provider founded in 2009 that provides a mobile phone-based payment system and digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"."]})},"modular blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Bitcoin is an example of a monolithic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),": all of the functions of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", execution, data availability, and settlement) are run on one chain. This has significant drawbacks (see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma' for more). A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),", on the other hand, separates some or all of these functions into separate chains, each one optimized for its specific function, and relying on the other chains for the other functions. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," is currently moving towards modularization, both on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," level beginning with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "}),", which split ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," and execution into two chains, and at the level of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"' networks which provide optimized execution environments, and then 'roll up' their data to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," functionality."]})},MoonPay:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MoonPay",children:"MoonPay "})," is a financial technology company that builds payments infrastructure for crypto. Its on-and-off-ramp suite of products provides a seamless experience for converting between fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies using all major payment methods, including debit and credit cards, local bank transfers, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Apple%20Pay",children:"Apple Pay "}),", Google Pay, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Samsung%20Pay",children:"Samsung Pay "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MoonPay",children:"MoonPay "})," is active in more than 160 countries and is trusted by 300+ leading wallets, websites, and applications to accept payments and defeat fraud. The company is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2019."]})},"multi-sig":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["multi-signature ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," (multisig) A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"asset ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," before they are able to access the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"multi-signature wallet (multisig)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"asset ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," before they are able to access the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"Multifactor Authentication":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Authentication using two or more different factors to achieve authentication."})},"Near-Field Communication (NFC)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC offers a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more capable wireless connections.."]})},"Nested Blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nested%20blockchain",children:"nested blockchain "})," is essentially a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," within — or, rather, atop — another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"'"]})},Network:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," refers to all nodes in the operation of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," at any given moment in time."]})},"Network Congestion":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The reduced quality of service that occurs when a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. Congestion"]})},NFT:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["When discussing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), “fungibility” refers to an object’s ability to be exchanged for another. For example, an individual dollar is considered fungible, as one dollar is fully interchangeable with another. Artwork is usually deemed non-fungible, as paintings or sculptures are likely to be unequal between them in quality, value, or other attributes. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "})," is a type of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," that is a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," and has no equal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),". This is in contrast to cryptocurrencies like ether that are fungible in nature."]})},"NFT aggregator":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the initial wave of interest in buying and selling NFTs, a number of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," marketplaces--websites where you can buy and sell NFTs--were created. As the market matured, aggregators appeared, which offer the user the ability to view available stock and price, buy and sell across marketplaces from a single unified application. Similar to familiar web2 shopping portals, these have come to be known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," Marketplace Aggregators, or just ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," Aggregators."]})},"NFT drop":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," drop happens when a new ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," collection is released. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," drops can vary in both how the NFTs are sold (listed for sale or auction), and in who they’re released to (the public, or a specific list called an “allowlist”). Often, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," drops coincide with when the NFTs in the collection are minted, that is, written to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". You might hear these terms used interchangeably— a drop might be referred to as the project’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mint",children:"mint "}),"."]})},Ngrave:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "}),"."]})},node:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Public blockchains consist of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of computers which sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s data, coordinate ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," requests, and participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "}),"'. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/full%20node",children:"full node "})," is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," does not download all pieces of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’s data, and uses a different validation process."]})},"Non-fungible token":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})]})},nonce:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The word ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nonce",children:"nonce "}),"’ has a few different meanings, and in different contexts, it ends up getting used a lot of different ways. Originally formed from a contraction of a phrase meaning “not more than once”, on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),", “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nonce",children:"nonce "}),"” refers to a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," identification number that increases in value with each successive ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," in order to ensure various safety features (such as preventing a double-spend). Note that due to its broader use in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "}),", you may encounter ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nonce",children:"nonce "}),"’ being used differently on other sidechains or decentralized projects."]})},"off-chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," that is processed outside the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," with an increased speed and reduced cost. There are two different transactions that occur on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/On-chain",children:"On-chain "})," transactions are those reflected on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," and are visible to all the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," users. On the other hand, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," transactions occur outside the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Such a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," doesn’t need the services of miners because no ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," verification is conducted. Unlike ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," transactions, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," transactions can be made instantly. This method entails lower fees, happens instantly, and offers more anonymity."]})},"ommer block":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Under the Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, miners received rewards for being the first to mine a new block. However, at times a block would be mined just after, and in competition with, the last block. This block, known as an ommer and previously as an uncle, could get rolled into subsequent blocks and the miner of the original ommer would get a partial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20reward",children:"block reward "}),". All of this functionality was deprecated as of the launch of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "}),"."]})},"on-chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/On-chain",children:"On-chain "}),", as the name implies, refers to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," transactions that exist on and have been verified to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," by miners or validators. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/On-Chain",children:"On-Chain "})," also means that transactions have been recorded to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})]})},"on-ramp, off-ramp":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Based on a metaphor from the American highway system, 'on-ramp' refers to a tool, or a service provider, or the action, of converting ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "})," into tokens on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Conversely, 'off-ramp' refers to exchanging ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," assets for their value in a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "}),". There are many providers of such services, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," users have access to them through the 'Buy Crypto' feature."]})},OpenSea:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/OpenSea",children:"OpenSea "})," is the world's first and largest web3 marketplace for NFTs and crypto collectibles."]})},Opera:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Internet browser."})},Optimism:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "})," is a layer-2 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", which is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"-based platform for decentralized applications. It is designed to reduce the cost and increase the speed of transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "})," works by using a technique called optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", which allows it to process a large number of transactions ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "}),", while still maintaining the security and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". In optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", transactions are initially processed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "}),", and a summary of these transactions is then submitted to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," for verification. This verification process ensures that the transactions are valid and that no fraud has occurred. Once the transactions are verified, they are added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", allowing users to interact with the decentralized applications built on the platform."]})},"optimistic rollup":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A rollup that assumes the validity and good faith of transactions, and only runs a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fraud%20proof",children:"fraud proof "})," in the case of fraud being alleged. See also 'rollup'."]})},Oracle:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Typically, an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/oracle",children:"oracle "})," is any entity or person that is relied on to report the outcome of an event. In a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/oracle",children:"oracle "})," (human or machine) helps communicate data to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),", which can then be used to verify an event or specific outcome."]})},ParaSwap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ParaSwap",children:"ParaSwap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/aggregator",children:"aggregator "})," that optimizes swaps for users through better prices, limited ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees, and lower ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slippage",children:"slippage "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ParaSwap",children:"ParaSwap "})," sources their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," from major DEXes such as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "}),", Balancer, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Curve",children:"Curve "}),", Kyber, in addition to ParaSwapPool, their professional Market Maker ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},parity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In a general sense, to say that something 'has ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/parity",children:"parity "}),"' with another thing means 'equal in features or other important quality', and is a phrase often used by software developers and computer scientists."]})},Parity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Parity",children:"Parity "})," Technologies is the name of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology company that is developing a number of significant projects in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," space. One of its first projects was an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," client, known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Parity",children:"Parity "}),"; its name was changed to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Parity",children:"Parity "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", and then was spun out as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),"-owned and operated project called Open ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", which has also been deprecated. See also 'client'."]})},Passphrase:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"'"]})},"password manager":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/password%20manager",children:"password manager "})," is a tool or software that stores all sorts of passwords needed for online applications and services. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Password%20manager",children:"Password manager "})]})},PayPal:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/PayPal",children:"PayPal "})," is a multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries."]})},"peer-to-peer (P2P)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["P2P refers to interactions that happen directly between two parties, usually two separate individuals, and have been present in Internet technology in different ways for some time. These interactions are often coordinated through some sort of app or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", which can consist of any number of individuals. Public blockchains can be considered to have a high degree of P2P functionality, as individuals are able to transact or interact with each other without relying on an intermediary or single point of failure."]})},"permissioned ledger":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," in which access to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," requires permission from an individual or group of individuals, as opposed to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),". Permissioned ledgers may have one or many owners. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensus",children:"Consensus "})," on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/permissioned%20ledger",children:"permissioned ledger "})," is conducted by the trusted actors, such as government departments, banks, or other known entities. Permissioned blockchains or ledgers contain highly-verifiable data sets because the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," process creates a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20signature",children:"digital signature "}),", which can be seen by all parties. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/permissioned%20ledger",children:"permissioned ledger "})," is much easier to maintain and considerably faster than a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),". For example, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," Besu are permissioned ledgers that can be more easily set up for large enterprises. In contrast, the public ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," is a permissionless ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," which anyone can access."]})},"phishing (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Phishing is a form of social engineering where attackers deceive people into revealing sensitive information or installing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/malware",children:"malware "})," such as ransomware."]})},Plasma:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Plasma",children:"Plasma "}),"' is a term that is used to refer to one of the solutions being built and deployed in order to securely scale the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Plasma",children:"Plasma "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," functions similarly to an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/optimistic%20rollup",children:"optimistic rollup "}),", inasmuch as it relies on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," to maintain the record of transactions, and as the source for arbitration or fraud resolution. However, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Plasma",children:"Plasma "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," differs in other important technical ways from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", and is currently limited to simple operations, such as swaps and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," transfers. More technical information is available here."]})},"PoA, PoS, PoW":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronyms standing for Proof of X ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms: Authority, Stake, Work. The “o” is lowercase since you wouldn’t capitalize “of” when writing out the phrase. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),"', 'Proof of Authority', 'Proof of Stake', 'Proof of Work'."]})},Polygon:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "})," (formerly Matic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "}),") is a layer-2 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," that aims to address the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," issues of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It is designed to provide faster and cheaper transactions with the same level of security and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "})," as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "})," achieves this by creating a multi-chain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," that is built on top of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," consists of various interconnected sidechains that can process transactions independently of the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". These sidechains are called '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "})," chains' or 'commit chains'."]})},Portfolio:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Portfolio",children:"Portfolio "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Dapp",children:"Dapp "})," enables you to view all your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," accounts and their assets in one place. It aggregates values from across your accounts and shows your total holdings, making it easier than ever to get an at-a-glance summary of their value in your chosen currency. Getting started with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Portfolio",children:"Portfolio "})]})},"PoS/PoW Hybrid":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A hybrid ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," model that utilizes a combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". Using this Hybrid ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, blocks are validated from not only miners, but also voters (stakeholders) to form a balanced ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "}),"."]})},"Priority fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/priority%20fee",children:"priority fee "}),", also referred to as the '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/miner%20tip",children:"miner tip "}),"', incentivizes the miner to prioritize your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Naturally, whether this does actually go to a miner depends on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism they use: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," became a Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," following the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," in September 2022, so the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/priority%20fee",children:"priority fee "})," goes to validators instead of miners."]})},"private blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," that has a closed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," wherein participants are controlled by a single entity. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20blockchain",children:"private blockchain "})," requires a verification process for new participants. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20blockchain",children:"private blockchain "})," may also limit which individuals are able to participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/permissioned%20ledger",children:"permissioned ledger "}),"'."]})},"private currency":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A currency or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," issued by a private individual or firm. Typically, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," or currency is limited to use within the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of that particular firm or individual. This is not to be confused with a “privacy ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"”, which are cryptocurrencies with specific privacy features, such as hidden user identities."]})},"private key":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," is an alphanumeric string of data that, in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", corresponds to a single specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". Private keys can be thought of as a password that enables an individual to control a specific crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),". Never reveal your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," to anyone, as whoever controls the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," controls the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," funds. If you lose your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", then you lose access to, and control over, that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),"."]})},"Proof of Authority (PoA)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism used in private blockchains, granting a single ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," the authority to generate all of the blocks or validate transactions."]})},"Proof of Stake (PoS)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism in which an individual ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "}),", or “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "}),"”, validates transactions or blocks. Validators lock up a certain amount of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),", such as ether, into a ‘stake’, in order to be able to participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". If the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," validates a block (group of transactions) correctly, then the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," receives a reward. Conversely, if the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," behaves poorly by validating incorrect transactions or by not maintaining sufficient ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," connectivity, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," they staked can be ‘slashed’, or taken from them and put out of circulation (‘burned’). PoS requires a negligible amount of computing power compared to Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),"."]})},"Proof of Work (PoW)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism in which each block is ‘mined’ by one of the nodes, or a group of nodes, on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". The computational process involved in committing a series of transactions into a block on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", known as ‘hashing a block’, is technically quite simple, and therefore subject to attack. Under PoW, each miner must solve a math problem to find a set, difficult variable in order to be able to propose their block to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," as the next to be ‘mined’. In effect, the process of hashing each block becomes a competition. This addition of solving for a target increases the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," of successfully hashing each block, and consequently the security of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". For each hashed block, the overall process of hashing will have taken some time and computational effort. Thus, a hashed block is considered Proof of Work, and the miner that successfully hashes the block first receives a reward, in the form of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". PoW is singificantly more energy-intensive than other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms, such as Proof of Stake."]})},protocol:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Formally speaking, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"' is a set of rules governing how a process is carried out. This concept is used throughout ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks and web3 to refer to the way smart contracts execute their functionality in the same way regardless of the user. The products or services built on top of smart contracts are often referred to as 'protocols' by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "}),"."]})},"public blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A globally open ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," wherein anyone can participate in transactions, participate in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," to help determine which blocks get added to the chain, maintain and examine the contents of the chain."]})},"public key":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Public%20blockchain",children:"Public blockchain "})," networks are just that: public. Their data is accessible and readable by anyone. In order to have any degree of usability when it comes to allowing users to do some things, like send transactions, but not others, like steal other peoples' tokens, cryptographic technology is used. In particular, a design paradigm known as 'public/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," pairs' is employed to ensure users can interact with others on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," as they wish, while keeping their own ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," secure. These key pairs consist of two long strings of alphanumeric characters. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," can be derived mathematically from its corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", but the inverse is not true: it is mathematically impossible to derive a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," from its corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),". This allows, for example, users to have a public ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," address that anyone can use to send them tokens, with the peace of mind that as long as they properly keep the corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," safe, those tokens cannot be stolen. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"'."]})},"Public-Key Cryptography":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),"',see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Cryptography",children:"Cryptography "}),"', see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"'. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Public-Key%20Cryptography",children:"Public-Key Cryptography "})]})},"Public-Key Infrastructure":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," infrastructure (PKI) is a collection of roles, rules, hardware, software, and processes for creating, managing, distributing, using, storing, and revoking digital certificates. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Public-Key%20Infrastructure",children:"Public-Key Infrastructure "})]})},"QR code":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "})," is a type of matrix barcode, constituting a machine-readable optical label that can contain information about the item to which it is attached."]})},Quorum:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})," enables enterprises to leverage ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for their high-value ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," applications. Businesses can rely on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})," open-source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," layer and integrate on top of it product modules from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "}),", other companies, or your own in-house development team to build high-performance, customizable applications. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})]})},Rarible:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," marketplace."]})},relayer:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "})," is an intermediary that facilitates the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," or transfer of information, assets, or services between two or more parties. The term is used in various fields, including finance, communication, and technology. In the context of cryptocurrencies and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "})," typically refers to an intermediary that facilitates peer-to-peer transactions on a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This can include decentralized exchanges (DEXs), where relayers act as matching engines to connect buyers and sellers of digital assets. A few examples of popular relayers include 0x: 0x is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that enables the creation of relayers on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". These relayers can be built by anyone and allow for peer-to-peer trading of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 tokens. Kyber ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "}),": Kyber ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that also operates as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "}),". It enables users to trade a wide range of digital assets, including ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 tokens, without the need for a centralized intermediary. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "})," is a popular decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that operates as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "}),". It uses an automated market maker (AMM) system to enable peer-to-peer trading of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 tokens. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirSwap",children:"AirSwap "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirSwap",children:"AirSwap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that operates as a peer-to-peer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It uses an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," order book to match buyers and sellers and execute trades."]})},"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),", which is its full name; see ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),"’ for further details."]})},Rinkeby:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; Following the transition to Proof of Stake, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rinkeby",children:"Rinkeby "})," scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023."]})},Roadmap:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A planning technique which lays out the short and long term goals of a particular project within a flexible estimated timeline."})},"Rocket Pool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rocket%20Pool",children:"Rocket Pool "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," staking pool."]})},rollups:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rollups",children:"Rollups "})," (pronounced 'roll ups') are one element in the set of tools and infrastructure being built as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solutions for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". They consist, in general, of networks which prioritize their ability to compute transactions and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," functionality, and then 'roll up' those transactions to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," for secure verification of their validity. There are different ways of approaching this problem from a technical point of view, namely Zero Knowledge, or ZK, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", and Optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "})," are prominent examples. See the entries on both of these types of rollup for more, and more in-depth discussion here."]})},Ropsten:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated."]})},RPC:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),", which is its full name; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),"' for further details."]})},"rug pull":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Similar to the traditional financial scam of a pyramid scheme, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rug%20pull",children:"rug pull "}),"' is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," based scam in which the creators of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," create hype, through injecting ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," into their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),", airdropping, and other schemes, and once investors pile in and boost the price of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," up to a certain point, the creators liquidate their (generally majority) share of the tokens, leaving their investors with next to nothing."]})},Safeheron:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Safeheron",children:"Safeheron "})," is an open-source platform for managing digital assets."]})},"Samsung Pay":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Samsung%20Pay",children:"Samsung Pay "})," is a mobile payment and digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," service that lets users make payments using compatible phones and other Samsung-produced devices."]})},sandbox:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A testing environment in a computer system in which new or untested software or coding can be run securely."})},Sardine:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Sardine",children:"Sardine "})," is an instant fiat and crypto settlement platform."]})},"Satoshi Nakamoto":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A pseudonymous individual or entity who created the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", solving the digital currency issue of the “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "}),".” Nakamoto first published their white paper describing the project in 2008, and the first Bitcoin software was released one year later."]})},scalability:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A change in size or scale to handle a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s demands. This word is used to refer to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," project’s ability to handle ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," traffic, future growth, and capacity in its intended application."]})},Scaling:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The main goal of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," is to increase ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," speed (faster finality), and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput (high transactions per second), without sacrificing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "})," or security."]})},Scrypt:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An alternative proof-of-work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "})," to SHA-256, used in Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Scrypt",children:"Scrypt "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," relies more heavily on memory than on pure CPU power, aiming to reduce the advantage that ASICs. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Scrypt",children:"Scrypt "})]})},"Secret Recovery Phrase":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),", mnemonic, or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," is a crucial part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology, originally created for Bitcoin, and goes by many names. However, they all refer to a set of ordered words which correspond to determined values. These values never change, and therefore the same string of words in the same order will always produce the same number–this is the underlying functionality that allows seed phrases to back up wallets. This is also where the name ‘hierarchical deterministic wallets’ comes from, as all the accounts in a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," are deterministically created from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),", and they are hierarchically controlled by it. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," is exactly what it sounds like: something that is secret, and should be known only to the owner of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),". If the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "})," is given to someone else, that person has complete control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),"; they can drain it of tokens and funds, execute transactions with it, etc. What is a ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"’ and how to keep your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," secure"]})},"Security Token":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," is essentially a digital form of traditional securities. There are three primary types of traditional securities: equities, debt and a hybrid of debt and equity. Examples of securities include stocks, bonds, ETFs, options and futures. Hypothetically, any of these things can be tokenized to become a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "}),". It is possible that in the near future, security tokens could serve as a very viable alternative and competitor to stocks and other traditional securities. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Security%20Token",children:"Security Token "})]})},"Security Token Offering (STO)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," offering (STO) is a form of initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "})," offering (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ICO",children:"ICO "}),") where a company or organization issues a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," that is backed by a tangible asset, such as real estate, technology or other assets. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," represents the right to ownership of the underlying asset, with the tokens being tradeable on a compliant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Security%20Token",children:"Security Token "})," Offering"]})},"seed phrase":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Another term for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})]})},"self-custody (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Self-custodial' refers to the fact that it's you ('self') who holds your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"(s). A self-custodial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," eliminates the third party between you and your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"assets, which is more suitable for some people."]})},"self-executing":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/self-executing",children:"self-executing "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),": a computer program that automatically executes the terms of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "})," when certain conditions are met."]})},Sepolia:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Sepolia",children:"Sepolia "})," is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})]})},Serenity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is working on a series of technical upgrades that will allow massive increases in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput, amongst other things. The plan that outlined these changes was originally referred to as '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Serenity",children:"Serenity "}),"', although that name has become less popular, in favor of specific definitions of the upgrades themselves."]})},serialization:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The process of converting a data structure into a sequence of bytes. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," internally uses an encoding format called recursive-length prefix encoding (RLP)."]})},"Shard chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A proof-of-stake chain that is coordinated by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," and secured by validators. There will be 64 added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," as part of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/shard%20chain",children:"shard chain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "}),". Shard chains will offer increased ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," by providing additional data to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," solutions like optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "})," and ZK-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),"."]})},"sharding (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Sharding, in public blockchains, refers to splitting an entire ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," into multiple portions, called “shards.” Each shard would contain its own independent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),", meaning a unique set of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," balances and smart contracts. Sharding is currently being investigated and developed as one of the set of tools and solutions for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"."]})},"Shielded Transaction":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/shielded%20transaction",children:"shielded transaction "})," is essentially a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," that is between two shielded addresses. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Shielded%20Transaction",children:"Shielded Transaction "})]})},sidechain:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "}),"’ refers to a chain that is connected to another (most often, to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),") through a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "}),", allowing assets to be transferred between them. In contrast to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," or a rollup, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "})," is a full ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," in and of itself, and does not rely on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". It therefore must be evaluated independently in terms of its security, stability, and other features. See also “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma”, “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),"”. Note: Bridges exist for good reason; sending tokens from a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "})," to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," or vice versa would result in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," loss."]})},"Signature (Cryptographic)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Digital%20signature",children:"Digital signature "}),"'"]})},"slashing condition":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Under a Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slashing%20condition",children:"slashing condition "})," is one that causes the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," to be destroyed when they trigger it. See also 'Proof of Stake'."]})},slippage:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Slippage",children:"Slippage "})," is the expected percentage difference between a quoted and an executed price."]})},slot:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slot",children:"slot "}),"' is a period of time equivalent to 12 seconds; 32 slots make up an '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "}),"'. Slots are significant in that for each ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slot",children:"slot "}),", a different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," is randomly chosen to propose blocks to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", and a different committee of validators are chosen to vote on whether each block is valid"]})},"smart contract":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Smart contracts are programs that have been published on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),", and can be used by anyone. While they often contain agreements or sets of actions between parties that emulate a traditional legal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),", they are not, in and of themselves, legal documents. Smart contracts are automated actions that can be coded and executed once a set of conditions is met, and are the dominant form of programming on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine."]})},snap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A program or piece of code that extends the functionality of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," by using the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Snaps framework."]})},"soft fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A change to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," resulting in only previously valid blocks and transactions being made invalid. Since old nodes will recognize the new blocks as valid, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/soft%20fork",children:"soft fork "})," is backward-compatible. However, this can result in a potential divide in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", as the old software generates blocks that read as invalid according to the new rules. Contrast with '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'; for more basic information regarding forks, see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"'."]})},"Software Development Kit (SDK)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A software development kit is a collection of software development tools in one installable package. They facilitate the creation of applications by having a compiler, debugger and sometimes a software framework. See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," SDK'"]})},Solidity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The programming language developers use to write smart contracts on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"’. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Solidity",children:"Solidity "})]})},stablecoin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," whose value has been ‘pegged’ to that of something considered a ‘stable’ asset, like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "})," or gold. It theoretically remains stable in price, as it is measured against a known amount of an asset which should be less subject to fluctuation. Always spelled as one word. User Guide: Tokens"]})},"staking (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["On the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", those wishing to participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," must first lock up, or ‘stake’, 32 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," into a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"; this ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," may be ‘slashed’ (taken from them and ‘burned’, put out of circulation) in the event that their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," behaves maliciously or does not meet performance requirements. Similar Proof of Stake mechanisms are in operation on other networks, as well. Although this is the canonical meaning of the word, similar actions taken at the level of a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") or another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/dapp",children:"dapp "})," are often called ‘staking’, though it would probably be more accurate and descriptive to just call this ‘locking up tokens’."]})},state:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The set of data that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," strictly needs to keep track of, and that represents data currently relevant to applications on the chain."]})},"state channels":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/State",children:"State "})," channels are part of the set of tools and platforms involved in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". While a complex topic, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," channels are essentially methods through which the current '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),"' of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," can be exported, and then based on that, any given number of transactions can take place ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "}),", and then be moved back onto the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," chain."]})},Streaming:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Money ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/streaming",children:"streaming "})," represents the idea of continuous payments over time. Block numbers are used to measure time in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and continuously update the balances of the parties in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),"."]})},"swap (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As the number of different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap. Within ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", users have access to a powerful ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/aggregator",children:"aggregator "})," showing them information about swaps across the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),", this is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Swaps: User Guide Swaps"]})},"Swap /MetaSwap":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As the number of different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap."]})},szabo:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A denomination of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "}),". See also 'ether (denominations)'."]})},"testnet (test network)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A testnet is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that mirrors, as closely as possible, the current conditions of a corresponding ‘main’ ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Testnets are used by developers to verify that their smart contracts and other functionality work as intended, before permanently recording their code to a live ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," (and often spending significant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees in the process!). Tokens minted on testnets are not transferrable for their equivalent value on mainnets."]})},"Testnet Kovan":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; website here."]})},"Testnet Rinkeby":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," here. Following the transition to Proof of Stake, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rinkeby",children:"Rinkeby "})," scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023."]})},"Testnet Ropsten":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated."]})},token:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," represents an asset issued on an existing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"; the transfer of tokens and the addresses that currently hold them are the subject of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," activities. There are many types of tokens; see also ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20’ and ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721’ entries."]})},"token lockup":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," lock-up refers to a mechanism where certain tokens or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," holdings are locked up or frozen for a specified period of time to restrict their transfer or sale. This is often used in the context of initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "})," offerings (ICOs), where ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," issuers may require investors to commit to holding onto their tokens for a certain period, typically to ensure that investors are committed to the project's long-term success. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "})," lock-up periods can vary in duration and can be predetermined or set according to certain conditions, such as reaching a certain milestone, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," event or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "}),". During the lock-up period, the tokens cannot be transferred or sold, although in some cases, they may be staked or used to participate in certain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," activities. Once the lock-up period is over, the tokens can be freely traded or sold."]})},"Token standard":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-1155, etc."]})},"Total Value Locked (TVL)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Total Value Locked, or TVL, is a common expression used in many contexts across the crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),", so it's important to pay attention to the specifics. In general, it refers to how much value, in tokens, has been deposited into something. Most often, it refers to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", which is an application on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", or a set of protocols. For example, a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," trading platform might have a series of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pools, which are protocols enabling swaps between tokens, and the platform may quote the 'TVL' for all the pools combined. Alternatively, if a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," uses proof of stake for their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, they may represent the TVL of all the tokens staked into that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"."]})},Transaction:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Data committed to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," signed by an originating ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),", targeting a specific address. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," contains ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metadata",children:"metadata "})," such as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," limit for that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"transaction block":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A collection of transactions on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", gathered into a set or a block that can then be hashed and added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See 'hash'."]})},"transaction fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A small fee imposed on transactions sent across a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". These fees are used to pay ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," validators or miners for their participation in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", and thus ensure that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is self-sustaining."]})},"transaction ID":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," hash/ID (often abbreviated as tx hash or txn hash) is a unique identifier, similar to a receipt, that serves as proof that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," was validated and added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In many cases, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," hash is needed in order to locate funds."]})},"transaction pool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["When a user submits a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"--or many other networks based on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"--the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," goes into what's know as a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool', or 'txpool' for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are 'picked up' and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made (see 'MEV'). In Bitcoin, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool was referred to as the 'memory pool', or 'mempool', and often these terms are used interchangeably."]})},Transak:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transak",children:"Transak "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/developer",children:"developer "})," integration toolkit to let users buy/sell crypto in any app, website or web plugin."]})},Trezor:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20wallet",children:"Hardware wallet "}),"."]})},Truffle:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," Suite is a development environment based on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "}),", used to develop dapps. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," is a one-stop solution for building dapps: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/compiling",children:"compiling "})," contracts, deploying contracts, injecting it into a web app, creating front-end for dapps and testing. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," Suite"]})},trustless:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Trustless",children:"Trustless "}),"' is a term that gets used a lot in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),", and it deserves some explanation. Traditionally, to call something '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/trustless",children:"trustless "}),"' would sound like a negative thing. In the context of decentralized technology, it has a more technical meaning: since everyone has a copy of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," of all transactions ever executed, there is no need for a centralized entity that 'must be trusted' as the source of truth. With ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks, data isn't kept on some centralized server somewhere that could be hacked or changed arbitrarily; anyone can verify the transactions themselves. This is why the term '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/trustless",children:"trustless "}),"' was coined: there is no need for trust, although, in a way, the rules and assurances built into the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," provide the basis for greater trust between people, because the system is guaranteed to work the same for everyone."]})},"Turing-complete":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Any machine that can calculate on a level equal to a programmable computer is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Turing-complete",children:"Turing-complete "}),", or computationally universal. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine, which processes smart contracts and transactions, is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Turing-complete",children:"Turing-complete "}),", despite not existing on a single physical computer."]})},"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Two-factor authentication (2FA) is an identity and access management security method that requires two forms of identification to access resources and data. 2FA gives businesses the ability to monitor and help safeguard their most vulnerable information and networks.See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/U2F",children:"U2F "}),"' When 2FA"]})},TXID:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transaction",children:"Transaction "})," ID"]})},U2F:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Universal 2nd Factor (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/U2F",children:"U2F "}),") is an open standard that strengthens and simplifies two-factor authentication (2FA) using specialized Universal Serial Bus (USB) or near-field communication (NFC) devices based on similar security technology found in smart cards"]})},Uniswap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that uses a set of smart contracts to execute trades on its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),"."]})},"unspent transaction output (UTXO)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An unspent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," output (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/UTXO",children:"UTXO "}),") represents some amount of digital currency which has been authorized by one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," to be spent by another. UTXOs use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "})," to identify and transfer ownership between holders of public/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," pairs. UTXOs are formatted with the recipient's ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),", thus restricting the ability to spend that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/UTXO",children:"UTXO "})," to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," that can prove ownership of the associated ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),". The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/UTXO",children:"UTXO "})," can only be spent if it includes the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20signature",children:"digital signature "})," associated with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," attached the last time it was sent."]})},upgrade:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Upgrading is the process of replacing a product with a newer version of the same product. In computing and consumer electronics, an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "})," is generally a replacement of hardware, software, or firmware with a newer or better version, in order to bring the system up to date or to improve its characteristics. See also EIP-1159, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/merge",children:"merge "}),", and other important ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," upgrades"]})},UTXO:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; Unspent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transaction",children:"Transaction "})," Output."]})},validator:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A participant in Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". On ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"’s Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", validators need to stake 32 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," in order to get included in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," set. See also ‘staking’."]})},"validity proof":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The proof submitted along with certain types of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "})," to prove that the transactions are valid. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),"'."]})},Validium:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["One of the technologies developed for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"; see more here."]})},"Vault Decryptor":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Vault%20Decryptor",children:"Vault Decryptor "})," is a tool used in recovering the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),". This tool was written by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," co-founder Dan Finlay and can be accessed here: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Vault%20Decryptor",children:"Vault Decryptor "})]})},Vesting:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/vesting",children:"vesting "})," period': The act of restricting the sale of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," for a particular period of time. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Vesting",children:"Vesting "})," period"]})},wallet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"' is a something that allows you to manage private keys, your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),", and the accounts generated from it. This could be an internet-connected '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hot%20wallet",children:"hot wallet "}),"', like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", or an 'airgapped' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "}),". In more technical speak, you could say 'the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," is the client, not the keys.' It is very common for people to use the word '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"' to refer to their SRP itself, or the accounts generated from it, or even to one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),"."]})},WalletConnect:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/WalletConnect",children:"WalletConnect "})," is an open source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," for connecting decentralised applications to mobile wallets with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "})," scanning or deep linking."]})},"web3, Web 3.0":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Web3, or Web 3.0, are terms used synonymously with “the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),"” and are often used to refer, broadly, to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and decentralized technology ecosystems and communities as a whole."]})},WebHID:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/WebHID",children:"WebHID "})," (Human Interface Device) Enables web applications to interact with human interface devices (HIDs) other than the standard supported devices (mice, keyboards, touchscreens, and gamepads). However, there are many other HID devices that are currently inaccessible to the web"]})},WebSocket:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/WebSocket",children:"WebSocket "})," is a computer communications ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. It's often used by dapps to regularly fetch up-to-date information from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Wei:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wei",children:"Wei "})," is the smallest denomination of ether, the currency used to facilitate transactional operations on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", where 10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wei",children:"wei "})," is equivalent to one ether."]})},Whitepaper:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Whitepapers explain the purpose and technology behind a project."})},Wrapping:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wrapping",children:"Wrapping "})," a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," is a way of bringing a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," from one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to another, like wrapped Bitcoin or MATIC tokens on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),". User Guide: Tokens"]})},Wyre:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wyre",children:"Wyre "})," is a regulated Money Service Business (MSB), which means it is a financial services provider licensed to transmit and convert money. The company is almost a decade old, having been around since 2013. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wyre",children:"Wyre "})," provides what the company calls a secure and compliant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "})," between fiat and cryptocurrencies. It serves as an infrastructure provider for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," businesses to connect with the fiat economy. In other words, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wyre",children:"Wyre "})," payments enable ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," businesses to efficiently integrate highly customizable fiat on-ramps into their onboarding flows."]})},"yield farming":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Yield%20farming",children:"Yield farming "})," is an investment practice that involves locking crypto in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/dapp",children:"dapp "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," rewards. Yield farmers ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," their tokens into DeFi applications for crypto trading, lending, or borrowing."]})},"yield-bearing tokens":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Yield tokens. See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/yield%20farming",children:"yield farming "}),"'"]})},"zero address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Zero%20Address",children:"Zero Address "})," is an address on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that is the recipient of a special ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," used to register the creation of a new ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"Zero-knowledge proof":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/zero-knowledge%20proof",children:"zero-knowledge proof "})," is a cryptographic method that allows an individual to prove that a statement is true without conveying any additional information."]})},"Zero-knowledge rollup":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A rollup of transactions that use validity proofs to offer increased ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput while using the security provided by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%201",children:"layer 1 "}),"). Although they can't handle complex ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," types, like Optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", they don't have ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "})," issues because transactions are provably valid when submitted."]})},"zk-SNARKs":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-interactive ARguments of Knowledge are an incredible technology, and vital to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),". 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There are three categories available in MetaMask: Low, Market, Aggressive Using advanced gas controls",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Aggressive","Simplified Chinese":"激进型",French:"Agressif",German:"Aggressiv",Indonesian:"Agresif",Italian:"Aggressivo",Korean:"공격적",Persian:"جسورانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Agressiva",Russian:"Агрессивный",Spanish:"agresiva/o","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Agresibo",Thai:"ทุ่มสุดตัว",Turkish:"Agresif",Vietnamese:"Cao",Arabic:"مغامر","Traditional Chinese":"Aggressive",Dutch:"agressief",Greek:"Υψηλότερη αγοραστική τιμή",Hindi:"एग्रेसिव",Hungarian:"agresszív",Japanese:"積極的",Polish:"Agresywne podejście",Ukrainian:"Агресивний"}},Agoric:{term:"Agoric",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Agoric is a Proof-of-Stake blockchain that functions as a smart contract platform, enabling developers to deploy decentralized applications. The platform is built on a variant of the JavaScript programming language, which is a widely used language for web development.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Agoric","Simplified Chinese":"Agoric",French:"Agoric",German:"Agoric",Indonesian:"Agoric",Italian:"Agoric",Korean:"아고릭",Persian:"آگوریک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Agoric",Russian:"Agoric",Spanish:"Agoric","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Agoric",Thai:"Agoric",Turkish:"Agoric",Vietnamese:"Agoric",Arabic:"Agoric","Traditional Chinese":"Agoric",Dutch:"Agoric",Greek:"Agoric",Hindi:"Agoric",Hungarian:"agorikus",Japanese:"Agoric",Polish:"Agoric",Ukrainian:"Agoric"}},"air-gapping":{term:"air-gapping",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A method for securing computers in which the device does not connect to the internet or any other open networks. Many hardware wallets use air-gapping as a security mechanism to keep users' private keys or Secret Recovery Phrase offline, and thus safer from any kind of attack.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"air-gapping","Simplified Chinese":"气隙",French:"isolation déconnectée",German:"Air-Gapping",Indonesian:"Air-gap",Italian:"air-gap",Korean:"에어갭",Persian:"جداسازی فیزیکی","Brazilian Portuguese":"lacuna de ar",Russian:"физическая изоляция",Spanish:"airdrop","Filipino (Tagalog)":"air-gapping",Thai:"การสร้างแอร์แกป",Turkish:"hava boşluğu",Vietnamese:"khe hở không khí",Arabic:"عزل الأجهزة","Traditional Chinese":"實體隔離",Dutch:"air-gapping",Greek:"διάκενο αέρα",Hindi:"एयर-गैपिंग",Hungarian:"air-gapping (internetről való teljes leválasztás)",Japanese:"エアギャップ",Polish:"Odizolowanie od sieci (air-gapping)",Ukrainian:"«повітряний зазор»"}},airdrop:{term:"airdrop",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token distribution method used to send cryptocurrency or tokens to wallet addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in exchange for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"airdrop","Simplified Chinese":"空投",French:"airdrop",German:"Airdrop",Indonesian:"airdrop",Italian:"airdrop",Korean:"에어드롭",Persian:"ایردراپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"airdrop",Russian:"аирдропнуть",Spanish:"airdrop","Filipino (Tagalog)":"airdrop",Thai:"แอร์ดรอป",Turkish:"airdrop",Vietnamese:"tặng",Arabic:"توزيع مجاني","Traditional Chinese":"空投",Dutch:"airdrop",Greek:"τακτική airdrop",Hindi:"एयरड्रॉप",Hungarian:"airdrop",Japanese:"エアドロップする",Polish:"Airdrop",Ukrainian:"ейрдроп"}},"airdrop (noun)":{term:"airdrop (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token distribution method used to send cryptocurrency or tokens to wallet addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in exchange for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"airdrop (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"空投",French:"airdrop (nom)",German:"Airdrop",Indonesian:"airdrop",Italian:"airdrop (noun)",Korean:"에어드롭(명사)",Persian:"ایردراپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"airdrop",Russian:"аирдроп",Spanish:"AirGap Vault","Filipino (Tagalog)":"airdrop (pangngalan)",Thai:"แอร์ดรอป",Turkish:"airdrop",Vietnamese:"tiền được tặng (danh từ)",Arabic:"توزيع مجاني (اير دروب)","Traditional Chinese":"空投",Dutch:"airdrop",Greek:"τακτική airdrop",Hindi:"एयरड्रॉप (नाउन)",Hungarian:"airdrop",Japanese:"エアドロップ",Polish:"Airdrop",Ukrainian:"ейрдроп"}},"AirGap Vault":{term:"AirGap Vault",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"AirGap Vault is a crypto wallet application that provides secure storage for digital assets. The wallet is designed to be used in conjunction with AirGap's other wallet app, AirGap Wallet, which is used for sending and receiving transactions.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"AirGap Vault","Simplified Chinese":"AirGap Vault",French:"AirGap Vault",German:"AirGap Vault",Indonesian:"AirGap Vault",Italian:"AirGap Vault",Korean:"에어갭 볼트",Persian:"خزانه ایرگپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"AirGap Vault",Russian:"AirGap Vault",Spanish:"espacios de aire","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AirGap Vault",Thai:"AirGap Vault",Turkish:"AirGap Vault",Vietnamese:"AirGap Vault",Arabic:"خزانة AirGap","Traditional Chinese":"AirGap Vault",Dutch:"AirGap Vault",Greek:"AirGap Vault",Hindi:"AirGap Vault",Hungarian:"AirGap Vault",Japanese:"AirGap Vault",Polish:"AirGap Vault",Ukrainian:"AirGap Vault"}},AirSwap:{term:"AirSwap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"AirSwap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) platform for trading digital assets, operating on Ethereum and Layer-2s like Polygon, Arbitrum.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"AirSwap","Simplified Chinese":"AirSwap",French:"AirSwap",German:"AirSwap",Indonesian:"AirSwap",Italian:"AirSwap",Korean:"에어스왑",Persian:"ایرسوآپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"AirSwap",Russian:"AirSwap",Spanish:"AirSwap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AirSwap",Thai:"AirSwap",Turkish:"AirSwap",Vietnamese:"AirSwap",Arabic:"AirSwap","Traditional Chinese":"AirSwap",Dutch:"AirSwap",Greek:"AirSwap",Hindi:"AirSwap",Hungarian:"AirSwap",Japanese:"AirSwap",Polish:"AirSwap",Ukrainian:"AirSwap"}},algorithm:{term:"algorithm",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An algorithm is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"algorithm","Simplified Chinese":"算法",French:"algorithme",German:"Algorithmus",Indonesian:"algoritma",Italian:"algoritmo",Korean:"알고리즘",Persian:"الگوریتم","Brazilian Portuguese":"algoritmo",Russian:"алгоритм",Spanish:"algoritmo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"algoritmo",Thai:"อัลกอริทึม",Turkish:"algoritma",Vietnamese:"thuật toán",Arabic:"خوارزمية","Traditional Chinese":"演算法",Dutch:"algoritme",Greek:"αλγόριθμος",Hindi:"एल्गोरिथम",Hungarian:"algoritmus",Japanese:"アルゴリズム",Polish:"Algorytm",Ukrainian:"алгоритм"}},altcoin:{term:"altcoin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency, the term 'altcoin' was created to refer to 'any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin'. The term is less used in Ethereum or smart contract-enabled blockchain communities. Many altcoins are forks of Bitcoin with minor changes (e.g., Litecoin). See also 'fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"altcoin","Simplified Chinese":"竞争币",French:"altcoin",German:"Altcoin",Indonesian:"altcoin",Italian:"altcoin",Korean:"알트코인",Persian:"آلتکوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"altcoin",Russian:"альткоин",Spanish:"altcoin","Filipino (Tagalog)":"altcoin",Thai:"อัลต์คอยน์",Turkish:"altcoin",Vietnamese:"tiền thay thế",Arabic:"عملة بديلة","Traditional Chinese":"山寨幣",Dutch:"altcoin",Greek:"altcoin",Hindi:"ऑल्टकॉइन",Hungarian:"altcoin",Japanese:"アルトコイン",Polish:"Altcoin",Ukrainian:"альткойн"}},"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)":{term:"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A set of international laws enacted to diminish the potential for criminal organizations or individuals to launder money. These rules and laws are applied to cryptocurrencies with varying effects in different jurisdictions.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)","Simplified Chinese":"反洗钱（AML）",French:"AML (lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent)",German:"AML (Geldwäschebekämpfung)",Indonesian:"AML (Anti-Pencucian Uang)",Italian:"AML (Antiriciclaggio)",Korean:"AML(자금세탁방지)",Persian:"AML (مبارزه با پولشویی)","Brazilian Portuguese":"PLD (prevenção à lavagem de dinheiro)",Russian:"БОД (борьба с отмыванием денег)",Spanish:"prevención de blanqueo de capitales (PBC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)",Thai:"AML (การต่อต้านการฟอกเงิน)",Turkish:"AML (Kara Para Aklamanın Önlenmesi)",Vietnamese:"AML (Chống rửa tiền)",Arabic:"مكافحة غسيل الأموال","Traditional Chinese":"防制洗錢計劃",Dutch:"witwasbestrijding (AML, anti-money laundering)",Greek:"AML Καταπολέμηση της νομιμοποίησης εσόδων από παράνομες δραστηριότητες)",Hindi:"AML (एंटी-मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग)",Hungarian:"AML (pénzmosás elleni küzdelem)",Japanese:"AML (マネーロンダリング対策)",Polish:"AML (przeciwdziałanie praniu pieniędzy)",Ukrainian:"AML (Боротьба з відмиванням грошей)"}},API:{term:"API",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Application Programming Interface. A software intermediary that allows two separate applications to communicate with one another. APIs define methods of communication between various components.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"API","Simplified Chinese":"API",French:"API",German:"API",Indonesian:"API",Italian:"API",Korean:"API",Persian:"API","Brazilian Portuguese":"API",Russian:"API",Spanish:"API","Filipino (Tagalog)":"API",Thai:"API",Turkish:"API",Vietnamese:"API",Arabic:"واجهة برمجة التطبيقات","Traditional Chinese":"應用程式介面",Dutch:"API",Greek:"API",Hindi:"API",Hungarian:"API",Japanese:"API",Polish:"API",Ukrainian:"API"}},"API (Application Programming Interface)":{term:"API (Application Programming Interface)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A predefined set of requests that one program can make to another in order to transfer information between them. When you hear someone saying that an application is 'getting information from' another source, it's often doing so through an API.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"API (Application Programming Interface)","Simplified Chinese":"API（应用程序编程接口）",French:"API (interface de programmation d’application)",German:"API (Anwendungsprogrammierschnittstelle)",Indonesian:"API (Antarmuka Pemrograman Aplikasi)",Italian:"API (Application Programming Interface)",Korean:"API(애플리케이션 프로그래밍 인터페이스)",Persian:"API (رابط برنامه کاربردی)","Brazilian Portuguese":"API (interface de programação de aplicativo)",Russian:"API (интерфейс прикладного программирования)",Spanish:"API (interfaz de programación de aplicaciones)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"API (Application Programming Interface)",Thai:"API (อินเทอร์เฟซโปรแกรมแอปพลิเคชัน)",Turkish:"API (Uygulama Programlama Arayüzü)",Vietnamese:"API (Giao diện lập trình ứng dụng)",Arabic:"واجهة برمجة التطبيقات (API)","Traditional Chinese":"應用程式介面",Dutch:"API (application programming interface)",Greek:"API (Application Programming Interface)",Hindi:"API (एप्लीकेशन प्रोग्रामिंग इंटरफेस)",Hungarian:"API (alkalmazásprogramozási felület)",Japanese:"API (アプリケーションプログラミングインターフェイス)",Polish:"API (interfejs oprogramowania aplikacji)",Ukrainian:"API (інтерфейс прикладного програмування)"}},AppChain:{term:"AppChain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain network custom-made and optimized for a specific application's needs. An appchain is generally not a full-blown blockchain, but offers an optimized execution environment for the application, while still relying on an underlying blockchain for consensus. See also: 'blockchain trilemma', 'modular blockchain', 'Layer 2', 'Layer 3'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"AppChain","Simplified Chinese":"AppChain",French:"AppChain",German:"AppChain",Indonesian:"AppChain",Italian:"AppChain",Korean:"앱체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین مخصوص برنامه","Brazilian Portuguese":"AppChain",Russian:"Аппчейн",Spanish:"cadena específica de la aplicación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"AppChain",Thai:"AppChain",Turkish:"Uygulama Zinciri",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi khối dành cho ứng dụng",Arabic:"بلوكتشين التطبيق الخاص (AppChain)","Traditional Chinese":"應用鏈",Dutch:"AppChain",Greek:"AppChain",Hindi:"ऐपचेन",Hungarian:"AppChain",Japanese:"AppChain",Polish:"AppChain",Ukrainian:"AppChain"}},"Apple Pay":{term:"Apple Pay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Apple Pay is a mobile payment service by Apple Inc. that allows users to make payments in person, in iOS apps, and on the web.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Apple Pay","Simplified Chinese":"Apple Pay",French:"Apple Pay",German:"Apple Pay",Indonesian:"Apple Pay",Italian:"Apple Pay",Korean:"애플 페이",Persian:"اَپل پِی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Apple Pay",Russian:"Apple Pay",Spanish:"Apple Pay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Apple Pay",Thai:"Apple Pay",Turkish:"Apple Pay",Vietnamese:"Apple Pay",Arabic:"Apple Pay","Traditional Chinese":"Apple Pay",Dutch:"Apple Pay",Greek:"Apple Pay",Hindi:"Apple Pay",Hungarian:"Apple Pay",Japanese:"Apple Pay",Polish:"Apple Pay",Ukrainian:"Apple Pay"}},Arbitrum:{term:"Arbitrum",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Arbitrum is a layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum, designed to improve the scalability and reduce the cost of transactions on the Ethereum network. It is an implementation of the Optimistic Rollup technology, which is a type of scaling solution that uses off-chain computation to reduce the load on the main Ethereum network.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Arbitrum","Simplified Chinese":"Arbitrum",French:"Arbitrum",German:"Arbitrum",Indonesian:"Arbitrum",Italian:"Arbitrum",Korean:"아비트럼",Persian:"آربیتروم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Arbitrum",Russian:"Arbitrum",Spanish:"Arbitrum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Arbitrum",Thai:"Arbitrum",Turkish:"Arbitrum",Vietnamese:"Arbitrum",Arabic:"Arbitrum","Traditional Chinese":"Arbitrum",Dutch:"Arbitrum",Greek:"Arbitrum",Hindi:"Arbitrum",Hungarian:"Arbitrum",Japanese:"Arbitrum",Polish:"Arbitrum",Ukrainian:"Arbitrum"}},"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)":{term:"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ASICs are silicon chips designed to do a specific task. In ASICs used for mining cryptocurrencies, the ASIC will perform a calculation to find values that provide a desired solution when placed into a hashing algorithm.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)","Simplified Chinese":"ASIC（专用集成电路）",French:"ASIC (circuit intégré spécifique à une application)",German:"ASIC (Anwendungsspezifische integrierte Schaltung)",Indonesian:"ASIC (Sirkuit Terintegrasi Khusus di Aplikasi)",Italian:"ASIC (circuito integrato per applicazione specifica)",Korean:"ASIC(주문형 반도체)",Persian:"ای‌سیک(مدارهای مجتمع با کاربرد خاص)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ASIC (circuito integrado de aplicação específica)",Russian:"ASIC (специальная интегральная схема)",Spanish:"ASIC (circuito integrado de aplicación específica)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)",Thai:"ASIC (วงจรรวมเฉพาะแอปพลิเคชัน)",Turkish:"ASIC (Uygulamaya Özel Tümleşik Devre)",Vietnamese:"ASIC (Mạch tích hợp chuyên dụng)",Arabic:"الدائرة المتكاملة الخاصة بالتطبيق (ASIC)","Traditional Chinese":"特定應用積體電路",Dutch:"ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit)",Greek:"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)",Hindi:"ASIC (एप्लीकेशन स्पेसिफिक इंटीग्रेटेड सर्किट)",Hungarian:"ASIC (alkalmazásspecifikus integrált áramkör)",Japanese:"ASIC (特定用途向け集積回路)",Polish:"ASIC (specjalizowany układ scalony)",Ukrainian:"ASIC (спеціалізована інтегральна схема)"}},"asset provenance":{term:"asset provenance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Asset provenance refers to the origin, history, and ownership of a particular digital asset on the blockchain. In the crypto context, asset provenance refers to the ability to trace the ownership and transfer of a specific cryptocurrency or token from its creation or minting to its current holder.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"asset provenance","Simplified Chinese":"资产来源",French:"Provenance de l’actif",German:"Herkunft des Assets",Indonesian:"Provenance aset",Italian:"provenienza dei fondi",Korean:"자산 출처",Persian:"منشأ دارایی","Brazilian Portuguese":"origem do ativo",Russian:"происхождение активов",Spanish:"procedencia de activos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pinagmulan ng asset",Thai:"ที่มาของสินทรัพย์",Turkish:"varlık provenansı",Vietnamese:"nguồn gốc tài sản",Arabic:"منشأ الأصل","Traditional Chinese":"資產出處",Dutch:"herkomst van asset",Greek:"προέλευση περιουσιακών στοιχείων",Hindi:"एसेट प्रोवेनेंस",Hungarian:"eszköz eredete",Japanese:"資産の来歴追跡",Polish:"Pochodzenie aktywów",Ukrainian:"походження активів"}},attestation:{term:"attestation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Attestation in crypto refers to the process of verifying the authenticity or validity of a piece of information or a transaction on a blockchain network. Attestation is an important aspect of blockchain technology, as it helps to ensure the integrity and security of the network. In general, attestation involves a trusted third-party, or attester, verifying the authenticity of a transaction or piece of information. This can include verifying the identity of users on the network, verifying the accuracy of data, or validating the authenticity of a digital signature. One example of attestation in crypto is the use of digital signatures to authenticate transactions on a blockchain network. Digital signatures use public key cryptography to verify the identity of the sender and ensure that the transaction has not been tampered with. Another example of attestation in crypto is the use of Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms, which rely on validators to attest to the validity of transactions on the network. Validators are responsible for verifying transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain, and they are rewarded with cryptocurrency for their efforts. For more info, see Attestation in Ethereum.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"attestation","Simplified Chinese":"证明",French:"attestation",German:"Bestätigung",Indonesian:"pengesahan",Italian:"attestazione",Korean:"증명",Persian:"گواهی","Brazilian Portuguese":"atestado",Russian:"аттестация",Spanish:"atestación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagpapatunay",Thai:"การลงนามรับรอง",Turkish:"tasdik",Vietnamese:"chứng thực",Arabic:"المصادقة","Traditional Chinese":"見證消息",Dutch:"attestatie",Greek:"επιβεβαίωση",Hindi:"अटेस्टेशन",Hungarian:"tanúsítvány",Japanese:"証明",Polish:"Poświadczenie",Ukrainian:"атестація"}},Avalanche:{term:"Avalanche",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Avalanche is a decentralized blockchain platform designed to provide fast and secure transactions for digital assets and applications. The platform uses a consensus mechanism known as Avalanche consensus, which allows for high throughput, low latency, and customizable blockchains.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Avalanche","Simplified Chinese":"Avalanche",French:"Avalanche",German:"Avalanche",Indonesian:"Avalanche",Italian:"Avalanche",Korean:"아발란체",Persian:"اولانچ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Avalanche",Russian:"Avalanche",Spanish:"Avalanche","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Avalanche",Thai:"Avalanche",Turkish:"Avalanche",Vietnamese:"Avalanche",Arabic:"Avalanche","Traditional Chinese":"Avalanche",Dutch:"Avalanche",Greek:"Avalanche",Hindi:"Avalanche",Hungarian:"Avalanche",Japanese:"Avalanche",Polish:"Avalanche",Ukrainian:"Avalanche"}},"Axie Infinity":{term:"Axie Infinity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Axie Infinity is a non-fungible token-based online video game known for its in-game economy, which uses Ethereum-based cryptocurrencies.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Axie Infinity","Simplified Chinese":"Axie Infinity",French:"Axie Infinity",German:"Axie Infinity",Indonesian:"Axie Infinity",Italian:"Axie Infinity",Korean:"액시 인피니티",Persian:"اکسی اینفینیتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Axie Infinity",Russian:"Axie Infinity",Spanish:"Axie Infinity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Axie Infinity",Thai:"Axie Infinity",Turkish:"Axie Infinity",Vietnamese:"Axie Infinity",Arabic:"Axie Infinity","Traditional Chinese":"Axie Infinity",Dutch:"Axie Infinity",Greek:"Axie Infinity",Hindi:"Axie Infinity",Hungarian:"Axie Infinity",Japanese:"Axie Infinity",Polish:"Axie Infinity",Ukrainian:"Axie Infinity"}},"Base fee":{term:"Base fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Every block has a reserve price known as the 'base fee'. It is the minimum gas fee a user must pay to include a transaction in the next block.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Base fee","Simplified Chinese":"基础费用",French:"Frais de base",German:"Grundgebühr",Indonesian:"Biaya dasar",Italian:"Commissione di base",Korean:"기본 요금",Persian:"کارمزد پایه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa base",Russian:"Базовая комиссия",Spanish:"tarifa base","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Batayang bayad",Thai:"ค่าแก๊สพื้นฐาน",Turkish:"Baz ücret",Vietnamese:"Phí cơ sở",Arabic:"الحد الأدنى للرسوم","Traditional Chinese":"基本費用",Dutch:"base fee",Greek:"Βασική αμοιβή",Hindi:"बेस फी",Hungarian:"alapdíj",Japanese:"基本料金",Polish:"Opłata podstawowa",Ukrainian:"Базова комісія"}},"Beacon Chain":{term:"Beacon Chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Beacon Chain was one element built in the infrastructure being built to scale Ethereum. It was the foundation for a transition from a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism to Proof of Stake (PoS). For more information, see this guide.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Beacon Chain","Simplified Chinese":"信标链",French:"Chaîne phare",German:"Beacon Chain",Indonesian:"Beacon Chain",Italian:"Beacon Chain",Korean:"비콘 체인",Persian:"بیکن چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Beacon Chain",Russian:"Бикончейн",Spanish:"cadena Beacon","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Beacon Chain",Thai:"Beacon Chain",Turkish:"İşaret Zinciri",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi Beacon",Arabic:"سلسلة المنارة (Beacon)","Traditional Chinese":"信標鏈",Dutch:"Beacon Chain",Greek:"Κύρια αλυσίδα",Hindi:"बीकन चेन",Hungarian:"Beacon-lánc",Japanese:"ビーコンチェーン",Polish:"Łańcuch śledzący (beacon chain)",Ukrainian:"Beacon Chain"}},Binance:{term:"Binance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Binance is a centralized cryptocurrency exchange which operates in multiple countries, as well as two different blockchains, the BNB Chain and the BNB Smart Chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Binance","Simplified Chinese":"Binance",French:"Binance",German:"Binance",Indonesian:"Binance",Italian:"Binance",Korean:"바이낸스",Persian:"بایننس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Binance",Russian:"Binance",Spanish:"Binance","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Binance",Thai:"Binance",Turkish:"Binance",Vietnamese:"Binance",Arabic:"Binance","Traditional Chinese":"Binance",Dutch:"Binance",Greek:"Binance",Hindi:"Binance",Hungarian:"Binance",Japanese:"Binance",Polish:"Binance",Ukrainian:"Binance"}},"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)":{term:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency or cryptocurrency, which was created in 2009 by an unknown person or group using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public digital ledger called the blockchain, which is maintained by a network of computers worldwide. Bitcoin transactions are made directly between users without the need for intermediaries like banks or financial institutions. Users can send and receive Bitcoins using digital wallets. One of the key features of Bitcoin is its limited supply. There will only ever be 21 million Bitcoins in existence, which helps to prevent inflation and maintain the value of the currency. The plural of bitcoin is just bitcoin; the abbreviation is BTC, with a space: I have 250 BTC.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)","Simplified Chinese":"比特币 / 比特币（BTC）",French:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",German:"Bitcoin / Bitcoin (BTC)",Indonesian:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Italian:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Korean:"비트코인 / 비트코인(BTC)",Persian:"بیت‌کوین (BTC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Russian:"Биткойн/ биткойн (BTC)",Spanish:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Thai:"บิตคอยน์",Turkish:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Vietnamese:"Bitcoin/bitcoin (BTC)",Arabic:"البيتكوين / بيتكوين (BTC)","Traditional Chinese":"比特幣",Dutch:"bitcoin (BTC)",Greek:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Hindi:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Hungarian:"Bitcoin/bitcoin (BTC)",Japanese:"ビットコイン / ビットコイン (BTC)",Polish:"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)",Ukrainian:"Біткойн/біткойн (BTC)"}},"block (noun)":{term:"block (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"If we think of a blockchain as consisting of a ledger that is being constantly synced between any number of different nodes (indeed, 'distributed ledger technology' is another phrase used to describe it), imagine that after a certain number of transactions have been added to the ledger and consensus has been reached among the nodes that the transactions are valid, then they are cryptographically locked into a 'block' and officially recorded; this 'block' forms the basis for the next one; in this way, they are all linked together in a chain, hence--blockchain.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"block (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"区块",French:"Bloc (nom)",German:"Block",Indonesian:"block",Italian:"blocco (noun)",Korean:"블록(명사)",Persian:"بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco",Russian:"блок",Spanish:"bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"block (pangngalan)",Thai:"บล็อก",Turkish:"blok",Vietnamese:"khối (danh từ)",Arabic:"كُتلة","Traditional Chinese":"區塊",Dutch:"blok",Greek:"ομάδα καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक (नाउन)",Hungarian:"blokk",Japanese:"ブロック",Polish:"Blok",Ukrainian:"блок"}},"block explorer":{term:"block explorer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding API, that displays information about blockchain activity in a more human-friendly way. While a blockchain is designed to keep information forever, and be “readable by anyone”, finding the specific information you’re interested in may require indexing data off the blockchain–that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, token type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by blockchain explorers. A prominent example is etherscan, which also offers explorers on a number of other networks.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block explorer","Simplified Chinese":"区块浏览器",French:"explorateur de blocs",German:"Block-Explorer",Indonesian:"block explorer",Italian:"block explorer",Korean:"블록 탐색기",Persian:"مرورگر بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"explorador de blocos",Russian:"обозреватель блоков",Spanish:"explorador de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"block explorer",Thai:"ส่วนอธิบายบล็อก",Turkish:"blok gezgini",Vietnamese:"trình khám phá khối",Arabic:"مستكشف البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈瀏覽器",Dutch:"blokverkenner",Greek:"εξερευνητής ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक एक्सप्लोरर",Hungarian:"blokk felfedező",Japanese:"ブロックエクスプローラー",Polish:"Eksplorator bloków",Ukrainian:"оглядач блоків"}},"block height":{term:"block height",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The number of blocks connected together in the blockchain. For example, Height 0 would be the very first block, which is also called the Genesis Block.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block height","Simplified Chinese":"区块高度",French:"hauteur de bloc",German:"Blockhöhe",Indonesian:"ketinggian block",Italian:"altezza del blocco",Korean:"블록 높이",Persian:"ارتفاع بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"altura do bloco",Russian:"высота блока",Spanish:"altura del bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"taas ng block",Thai:"เลขบล็อก",Turkish:"blok yüksekliği",Vietnamese:"chiều cao khối",Arabic:"موقع الكتلة","Traditional Chinese":"區塊高度",Dutch:"blokhoogte",Greek:"ύψος ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक हाइट",Hungarian:"blokkmagasság",Japanese:"ブロックの高さ",Polish:"Wysokość bloku",Ukrainian:"висота блоку"}},"block reward":{term:"block reward",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The reward given to a miner or validator after it has successfully hashed a transaction block. Block rewards can be a mixture of coins and transaction fees. The composition depends on the policy used by the cryptocurrency in question, and whether all of the coins have already been successfully mined. The current block reward for the Bitcoin network is 12.5 bitcoins per block.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block reward","Simplified Chinese":"区块奖励",French:"récompense de bloc",German:"Blockbelohnung",Indonesian:"imbalan block",Italian:"ricompensa del blocco",Korean:"블록 보상",Persian:"پاداش بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"recompensa do bloco",Russian:"вознаграждение за блок",Spanish:"recompensa por bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"gantimpala ng block",Thai:"รางวัลการขุดบล็อก",Turkish:"blok ödülü",Vietnamese:"phần thưởng khối",Arabic:"مكافأة الكتلة","Traditional Chinese":"區塊獎勵",Dutch:"blokbeloning",Greek:"ανταμοιβή ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक रिवॉर्ड",Hungarian:"blokkjutalom",Japanese:"ブロック報酬",Polish:"Nagroda za blok",Ukrainian:"винагорода за блок"}},"block time":{term:"block time",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"When we talk about 'block time', we're referring to how long it takes for a block of transactions (see 'block') to be confirmed by the network, either by miners under PoW or by validators under PoS. See also 'Proof of Work', 'Proof of Stake'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"block time","Simplified Chinese":"区块时间",French:"délai du bloc",German:"Blockzeit",Indonesian:"waktu block",Italian:"orario creazione blocco",Korean:"블록타임",Persian:"زمان بلاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"tempo do bloco",Russian:"время блока",Spanish:"tiempo del bloque","Filipino (Tagalog)":"oras ng block",Thai:"ระยะเวลาบล็อก",Turkish:"blok süresi",Vietnamese:"thời gian đóng khối",Arabic:"وقت الكتلة","Traditional Chinese":"新的區塊在區塊鏈中被生成的時間間隔",Dutch:"bloktijd",Greek:"χρόνος ομάδας καταχωρίσεων",Hindi:"ब्लॉक टाइम",Hungarian:"blokkidő",Japanese:"ブロックタイム",Polish:"Czas wydobycia bloku",Ukrainian:"час блокування"}},blockchain:{term:"blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A digital ledger comprised of unchangeable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks. Each block is ‘chained’ to the next block using a cryptographic signature. Ethereum is a public blockchain, open to the world; its digital ledger is distributed, or synced, between many nodes; these nodes arrive at consensus regarding whether a transaction is valid before encrypting it, along with a number of other valid transactions, into a block. For more on blockchain technology, see here. See also 'block'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"区块链",French:"blockchain/chaîne de blocs",German:"Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain",Italian:"blockchain",Korean:"블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain",Russian:"блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชน",Turkish:"blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối",Arabic:"سلسلة الكتل (البلوكتشين)","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈",Dutch:"blockchain",Greek:"αλυσίδα κατανεμημένης εγγραφής",Hindi:"ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"blokklánc",Japanese:"ブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain (łańcuch bloków)",Ukrainian:"блокчейн"}},"Blockchain explorer":{term:"Blockchain explorer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding API, that displays information about blockchain activity in a more human-friendly way. While a blockchain is designed to keep information forever, and be 'readable by anyone', finding the specific information you're interested in may require indexing data off the blockchain--that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, token type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by blockchain explorers. A prominent example is etherscan, which also offers explorers on a number of other networks.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Blockchain explorer","Simplified Chinese":"区块链浏览器",French:"Explorateur de blockchain",German:"Blockchain-Explorer",Indonesian:"Blockchain explorer",Italian:"Blockchain explorer",Korean:"블록체인 탐색기",Persian:"مرورگر بلاک‌چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Explorador de blockchain",Russian:"Обзреватель блокчейна",Spanish:"explorador de la cadenas de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Blockchain explorer",Thai:"ส่วนอธิบายบล็อกเชน",Turkish:"Blokzinciri gezgini",Vietnamese:"Trình khám phá chuỗi khối",Arabic:"مستكشف البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈瀏覽器",Dutch:"blockchain-verkenner",Greek:"Εξερευνητής αλυσίδας κατανεμημένης εγγραφής",Hindi:"ब्लॉकचेन एक्सप्लोरर",Hungarian:"blokklánc felfedező",Japanese:"ブロックチェーンエクスプローラー",Polish:"Eksplorator blockchain",Ukrainian:"Блокчейн-оглядач"}},"blockchain trilemma":{term:"blockchain trilemma",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Tradeoffs facing those building public blockchain networks vis-a-vis three elements: decentralization, security, and scalability (or speed). These three elements are either necessary or desireable in public distributed networks, and often, designing a system that optimizes for one compromises on another.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"blockchain trilemma","Simplified Chinese":"区块链不可能三角",French:"Trilemme de la blockchain",German:"Blockchain-Trilemma",Indonesian:"blockchain trilema",Italian:"Trilemma della blockchain",Korean:"블록체인 트릴레마",Persian:"سه‌گانه بلاک‌چین","Brazilian Portuguese":"trilema de blockchain",Russian:"трилемма блокчейна",Spanish:"trilema de la cadenas de bloques","Filipino (Tagalog)":"blockchain trilemma",Thai:"บล็อกเชนตรีบถ",Turkish:"blokzinciri çıkmazı",Vietnamese:"bộ ba bất khả thi của chuỗi khối",Arabic:"المعضلة الثلاثية الأبعاد لسلاسل البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈的三難困境",Dutch:"blockchain-trilemma",Greek:"τρίλημα αλυσίδας κατανεμημένης εγγραφής",Hindi:"ब्लॉकचेन ट्राइलेमा",Hungarian:"blokklánc trilemma",Japanese:"ブロックチェーンのトリレンマ",Polish:"Trylemat łańcucha bloków",Ukrainian:"трилема блокчейна"}},"BNB Chain":{term:"BNB Chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Build N Build (BNB) Chain is a distributed blockchain network upon which developers and innovators can build decentralized applications (DApps) as part of the move to Web3. BNB chain",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"BNB Chain","Simplified Chinese":"BNB Chain",French:"BNB Chain",German:"BNB Chain",Indonesian:"BNB Chain",Italian:"BNB Chain",Korean:"BNB 체인",Persian:"زنجیره BNB","Brazilian Portuguese":"BNB Chain",Russian:"BNB Chain",Spanish:"BNB Chain","Filipino (Tagalog)":"BNB Chain",Thai:"เชน BNB",Turkish:"BNB Chain",Vietnamese:"BNB Chain",Arabic:"سلسلة BNB","Traditional Chinese":"BNB Chain",Dutch:"BNB Chain",Greek:"BNB Chain",Hindi:"BNB chain",Hungarian:"BNB-lánc",Japanese:"BNB チェーン",Polish:"BNB Chain",Ukrainian:"Мережа BNB"}},"bounty / bug bounty":{term:"bounty / bug bounty",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A reward offered for exposing vulnerabilities and issues in computer code.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"bounty / bug bounty","Simplified Chinese":"赏金 / 漏洞赏金",French:"prime/prime de bug",German:"Belohnung / Fehlerbelohnung",Indonesian:"bounty / bug bounty",Italian:"bounty / bug bounty",Korean:"바운티 / 버그바운티",Persian:"پاداش پیدا کردن اشکال","Brazilian Portuguese":"recompensa / recompensa por bugs",Russian:"вознаграждение / вознаграждение за уязвимость",Spanish:"recompensa por errores","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bounty / bug bounty",Thai:"รางวัล / รางวัลรายงานช่องโหว่",Turkish:"bounty / hata ödülü",Vietnamese:"tiền thưởng/tiền thưởng nhờ tìm ra lỗi",Arabic:"مكافأة / مكافأة اكتشاف الخلل","Traditional Chinese":"漏洞回報獎勵",Dutch:"bounty/bug bounty",Greek:"επιβράβευση / επιβράβευση σφαλμάτων",Hindi:"बाउंटी / बग बाउंटी",Hungarian:"bounty/bug bounty",Japanese:"報奨金 / バグ発見報奨金",Polish:"Nagroda bug bounty",Ukrainian:"винагорода за помилку/винагорода за виявлення вразливостей"}},"brain wallet":{term:"brain wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain account generated from a seed phrase or password or passphrase of your choosing. Humans are not capable of generating enough entropy, or randomness, and therefore the wallets derived from these phrases are insecure; brain wallets can be brute forced by super fast computers. For this reason, brain wallet are insecure and should not be used. See also 'Seed phrase / Secret Recovery Phrase'.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"brain wallet","Simplified Chinese":"脑钱包",French:"portefeuille mnémotechnique",German:"Brain-Wallet",Indonesian:"brain wallet",Italian:"brain wallet",Korean:"브레인월렛",Persian:"کیف پول ذهنی","Brazilian Portuguese":"brain wallet",Russian:"брейн-кошелек",Spanish:"monedero memorizado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"brain wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ตความจำ",Turkish:"beyin cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví trí nhớ",Arabic:"محفظة الدماغ","Traditional Chinese":"腦錢包",Dutch:"brainwallet",Greek:"πορτοφόλι με φράσεις πρόσβασης",Hindi:"ब्रेन वॉलेट",Hungarian:"„agy” tárca",Japanese:"ブレインウォレット",Polish:"Brain wallet",Ukrainian:"мозковий гаманець"}},Brave:{term:"Brave",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Brave is a free and open-source web browser developed by Brave Software, Inc., based on the Chromium web browser. It has a built-in crypto wallet that allows users to connect to the web3 ecosystem.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Brave","Simplified Chinese":"Brave",French:"Brave",German:"Brave",Indonesian:"Brave",Italian:"Brave",Korean:"브레이브",Persian:"بریو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Brave",Russian:"Brave",Spanish:"Brave","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Brave",Thai:"Brave",Turkish:"Brave",Vietnamese:"Brave",Arabic:"بريفّ","Traditional Chinese":"Brave",Dutch:"Brave",Greek:"Brave",Hindi:"Brave",Hungarian:"Brave",Japanese:"Brave",Polish:"Brave",Ukrainian:"Brave"}},Bridge:{term:"Bridge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A bridge is a tool built to move assets from one network to another. It’s also a verb, used to describe that action: “I bridged my ETH from Ethereum mainnet to Arbitrum.” Not all bridges are created equal, and you should be informed about what you’re doing before you use one. Field Guide to bridges See also MetaMask Bridge",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Bridge","Simplified Chinese":"跨链桥",French:"Passerelle",German:"Bridge",Indonesian:"Bridge",Italian:"Bridge",Korean:"브릿지",Persian:"پل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ponte",Russian:"Мост",Spanish:"puente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Bridge",Thai:"สะพาน",Turkish:"Köprü",Vietnamese:"Cầu",Arabic:"جسر","Traditional Chinese":"橋",Dutch:"bridge",Greek:"Γέφυρα",Hindi:"ब्रिज",Hungarian:"híd (noun), áthidalni (verb), Bridge (as in MetaMask Bridge)",Japanese:"ブリッジ",Polish:"Most",Ukrainian:"Міст"}},BTC:{term:"BTC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Abbreviation for Bitcoin",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"BTC","Simplified Chinese":"BTC",French:"BTC",German:"BTC",Indonesian:"BTC",Italian:"BTC",Korean:"BTC",Persian:"BTC","Brazilian Portuguese":"BTC",Russian:"BTC",Spanish:"BTC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"BTC",Thai:"BTC",Turkish:"BTC",Vietnamese:"BTC",Arabic:"BTC","Traditional Chinese":"比特幣",Dutch:"BTC",Greek:"BTC",Hindi:"BTC",Hungarian:"BTC",Japanese:"BTC",Polish:"BTC",Ukrainian:"BTC"}},BUIDL:{term:"BUIDL",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ostensibly coined (see what we did there) by Gitcoin's Kevin Owocki. It reflects the Ethereum-focused mindset of not just investing in a cryptocurrency as a store of value, but rather investing in it as an ecosystem and a platform for public goods and software; it complements, in this sense, the now-infamous HODL.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"BUIDL","Simplified Chinese":"BUIDL（构建）",French:"BUIDL (voir nos réalisations)",German:"BUIDL",Indonesian:"BUIDL",Italian:"BUIDL",Korean:"비들",Persian:"بیدل","Brazilian Portuguese":"BUIDL",Russian:"BUIDL",Spanish:"BUIDL","Filipino (Tagalog)":"BUIDL",Thai:"BUIDL",Turkish:"BUIDL",Vietnamese:"XÂY DỰNG",Arabic:"BUIDL","Traditional Chinese":"建設",Dutch:"BUIDL",Greek:"BUIDL",Hindi:"BUIDL",Hungarian:"BUIDL",Japanese:"BUIDL (ビドル)",Polish:"BUIDL",Ukrainian:"BUIDL"}},bytecode:{term:"bytecode",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Bytecode is a 'low-level' computer language, that is, meant to be processed by a computer, rather than a 'high-level', more human-readable, language. In Ethereum, higher-level Solidity is compiled into Ethereum bytecode, which is read by the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"bytecode","Simplified Chinese":"字节码",French:"bytecode",German:"Bytecode",Indonesian:"kode byte",Italian:"bytecode",Korean:"바이트코드",Persian:"بایت‌کد","Brazilian Portuguese":"bytecode",Russian:"байт-код",Spanish:"código de bytes","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bytecode",Thai:"ไบต์โค้ด",Turkish:"bayt kodu",Vietnamese:"mã byte",Arabic:"شفرة البايت","Traditional Chinese":"位元組碼",Dutch:"bytecode",Greek:"σύνολο εντολών",Hindi:"बाइटकोड",Hungarian:"bytecode",Japanese:"バイトコード",Polish:"Kod bajtowy",Ukrainian:"байт-код"}},"Byzantine fault tolerance":{term:"Byzantine fault tolerance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A Byzantine fault, or failure, is one of the most difficult failures to deal with in computer systems; this is because it takes into account the possibility that the information used to determine the current state of the system may--or may not--be reliable. While applicable in many realms of technology, this becomes of particular interest in public blockchain systems: how do we ensure that we can agree on the current state of the network when there is an incentive, often a significant financial incentive, to subvert the state of the network for one's own profit? On a more basic level, if we're coordinating a network running around the world on all kinds of different hardware and software, there are all kinds or problems that can occur that hinder the network's ability to reach consensus on its current state. Therefore, a network that has been designed and implemented to be resistant to these sorts of failures, either due to malicious intent or technical failure, is said to be Byzantine Fault Tolerant.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Byzantine fault tolerance","Simplified Chinese":"拜占庭容错",French:"Panne byzantine",German:"Byzantine-Fehlertoleranz",Indonesian:"Toleransi kesalahan Byzantine",Italian:"Tolleranza agli errori bizantini",Korean:"비잔틴 장애 허용",Persian:"تحمل خطای بیزانس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Tolerância a falhas bizantinas",Russian:"Задача византийских генералов",Spanish:"tolerancia a fallas bizantinas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"",Thai:"การทนความผิดพร่องแบบไบแซนไทน์",Turkish:"Bizans hata toleransı",Vietnamese:"Hệ thống chịu lỗi Byzantine",Arabic:"التسامح مع الخطأ البيزنطي","Traditional Chinese":"拜占庭容錯算法",Dutch:"Byzantijnse fouttolerantie",Greek:"Ανοχή Βυζαντινής Βλάβης",Hindi:"बायजैंटाइन फॉल्ट टॉलरेंस",Hungarian:"bizánci hibatűrés",Japanese:"ビザンチン障害耐性",Polish:"Odporność na problem bizantyjskich generałów",Ukrainian:"Візантійська відмовостійкість"}},"Byzantium fork":{term:"Byzantium fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A 'hard fork' in the Ethereum network that occurred in October of 2017. For detailled information, see here; see also 'hard fork'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Byzantium fork","Simplified Chinese":"拜占庭分叉",French:"Fork Byzance",German:"Byzantium-Fork",Indonesian:"Byzantium fork",Italian:"Fork Byzantium",Korean:"비잔티움 포크",Persian:"هارد فورک بیزانس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Bifurcação Byzantium",Russian:"Византийский форк",Spanish:"allet","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Byzantium fork",Thai:"การแยกบิแซนเทียม",Turkish:"Bizans çatalı",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh Byzantium",Arabic:"انقسام (فورك) Byzantium","Traditional Chinese":"拜占庭",Dutch:"Byzantium fork",Greek:"Byzantium fork",Hindi:"बायजैंटियम फोर्क",Hungarian:"bizánci villa",Japanese:"ビザンチウムフォーク",Polish:"Fork Byzantium",Ukrainian:"Форк Byzantium"}},Celo:{term:"Celo",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Celo is a platform designed to allow mobile users around the world to make simple financial transactions with cryptocurrency. The platform has its own blockchain and two native tokens: CELO and cUSD",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Celo","Simplified Chinese":"Celo",French:"Celo",German:"Celo",Indonesian:"Celo",Italian:"Celo",Korean:"Celo",Persian:"سلو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Celo",Russian:"Celo",Spanish:"Celo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Celo",Thai:"Celo",Turkish:"Celo",Vietnamese:"Celo",Arabic:"Celo","Traditional Chinese":"Celo",Dutch:"Celo",Greek:"Celo",Hindi:"Celo",Hungarian:"Celo",Japanese:"Celo",Polish:"Celo",Ukrainian:"Celo"}},"Centralized exchange (CEX)":{term:"Centralized exchange (CEX)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A centralized exchange (CEX) is a cryptocurrency exchange that is operated and controlled by a centralized entity. In a CEX, the exchange company or organization acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers, holding and managing the assets on behalf of its users. Centralized exchanges typically offer a wide range of trading pairs, with many popular cryptocurrencies available for trade. They also usually have high liquidity and offer advanced trading features such as margin trading, order types, and charting tools. However, centralized exchanges also have several drawbacks. They are often targeted by hackers, as the centralized nature of the exchange makes them a single point of failure. They also require users to trust the exchange to hold their funds securely and execute trades fairly, which can be a source of concern for some users.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Centralized exchange (CEX)","Simplified Chinese":"中心化交易所（CEX）",French:"Échange centralisé (CEX)",German:"Zentralisierte Börse (CEX)",Indonesian:"Bursa tersentralisasi (CEX)",Italian:"Exchange centralizzato (CEX)",Korean:"중앙화 거래소(CEX)",Persian:"صرافی متمرکز (CEX)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Corretora centralizada (CEX)",Russian:"Централизованная биржа (CEX)",Spanish:"intercambio centralizado (CEX)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Centralized exchange (CEX)",Thai:"ตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนแบบรวมศูนย์",Turkish:"Merkezi Borsa (CEX)",Vietnamese:"Sàn giao dịch tập trung (CEX)",Arabic:"بورصة مركزية (CEX)","Traditional Chinese":"中心化交易所",Dutch:"centrale exchange (CEX)",Greek:"Centralized exchange (CEX)",Hindi:"सेंट्रलाइज्ड एक्सचेंज (CEX)",Hungarian:"központosított tőzsde (CEX)",Japanese:"中央集権型取引所 (CEX)",Polish:"Giełda scentralizowana (CEX)",Ukrainian:"Централізована біржа (CEX)"}},CEX:{term:"CEX",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Centralized Exchange'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"CEX","Simplified Chinese":"CEX（中心化交易所）",French:"CEX",German:"CEX",Indonesian:"CEX",Italian:"CEX",Korean:"CEX",Persian:"صرافی متمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"CEX",Russian:"CEX",Spanish:"CEX","Filipino (Tagalog)":"CEX",Thai:"CEX",Turkish:"CEX",Vietnamese:"CEX",Arabic:"بورصة مركزية (CEX)","Traditional Chinese":"中心化交易所",Dutch:"CEX",Greek:"CEX",Hindi:"CEX",Hungarian:"CEX",Japanese:"CEX",Polish:"CEX",Ukrainian:"CEX"}},"chain ID":{term:"chain ID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A chain ID is a unique identifier that represents a blockchain network. We use it to distinguish different blockchain networks from each other and to ensure that transactions and messages are sent to the correct network. Ethereum networks have two identifiers, a network ID and a chain ID. Although they often have the same value, they have different uses. Peer-to-peer communication between nodes uses the network ID, while the transaction signature process uses the chain ID",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"chain ID","Simplified Chinese":"链 ID",French:"ID de chaîne",German:"Chain-ID",Indonesian:"ID chain",Italian:"chain ID",Korean:"체인 ID",Persian:"شناسه زنجیره","Brazilian Portuguese":"ID da cadeia",Russian:"ID блокчейна",Spanish:"ID de cadena","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ID ng chain",Thai:"ID เชน",Turkish:"zincir kimliği",Vietnamese:"ID chuỗi",Arabic:"مُعرفّ السلسلة","Traditional Chinese":"智能鏈ID",Dutch:"chain-ID",Greek:"Αναγνωριστικό αλυσίδας",Hindi:"चेन ID",Hungarian:"láncazonosító",Japanese:"チェーン ID",Polish:"ID łańcucha",Ukrainian:"ID мережі"}},Chrome:{term:"Chrome",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Internet browser.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Chrome","Simplified Chinese":"Chrome",French:"Chrome",German:"Chrome",Indonesian:"Chrome",Italian:"Chrome",Korean:"크롬",Persian:"کروم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chrome",Russian:"Chrome",Spanish:"Chrome","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Chrome",Thai:"Chrome",Turkish:"Chrome",Vietnamese:"Chrome",Arabic:"كروم","Traditional Chinese":"Chrome",Dutch:"Chrome",Greek:"Chrome",Hindi:"Chrome",Hungarian:"Chrome",Japanese:"Chrome",Polish:"Chrome",Ukrainian:"Chrome"}},"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)":{term:"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing in general, a 'client' is a program, running on a local computer, that is accessing data made available by a remote computer. In public blockchain networks, a 'client' is the software that actually does the work of syncing block data, confirming transactions, and participating in network consensus. A client usually includes a cryptocurrency software wallet. ConsenSys has supported efforts to maintain the Ethereum clients of Besu and Teku; see an up-to-date list of Ethereum clients here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)","Simplified Chinese":"客户端（Ethereum 或其他兼容区块链）",French:"client (Ethereum ou autre compatible avec la blockchain)",German:"Kunde (Ethereum oder eine andere kompatible Blockchain)",Indonesian:"klien (Ethereum atau blockchain yang kompatibel lainnya)",Italian:"client (blockchain Ethereum o altre compatibili)",Korean:"클라이언트(Ethereum 또는 기타 호환 가능한 블록체인)",Persian:"کلاینت (اتریوم یا سایر بلاک‌چین‌های سازگار)","Brazilian Portuguese":"cliente (Ethereum ou outra blockchain compatível)",Russian:"клиент (Ethereum или другой совместимый блокчейн)",Spanish:"cliente (Ethereum u otra blockchain compatible)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kliyente (Ethereum o iba pang katugmang blockchain)",Thai:"ไคลเอ็นต์",Turkish:"istemci",Vietnamese:"phần mềm (Ethereum hoặc chuỗi khối tương thích khác)",Arabic:"عميل (الإيثيريوم أو بلوكتشين متوافق آخر)","Traditional Chinese":"客戶端",Dutch:"client",Greek:"πελάτης (Ethereum ή άλλη συμβατή ομάδα καταχώρισης)",Hindi:"क्लाइंट (एथेरियम या दूसरा कम्पेटिबिल ब्लॉकचेन)",Hungarian:"kliens (Ethereum vagy más kompatibilis blokklánc)",Japanese:"クライアント",Polish:"Klient (Ethereum lub innego kompatybilnego blockchaina)",Ukrainian:"клієнт (Ethereum або інший сумісний блокчейн)"}},Codefi:{term:"Codefi",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Derived from “Commerce & Decentralized Finance”, Codefi, part of ConsenSys, builds applications for commerce and financial use cases. Currently known as Consensys Staking",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Codefi","Simplified Chinese":"Codefi",French:"Codefi",German:"Codefi",Indonesian:"Codefi",Italian:"Codefi",Korean:"코디파이",Persian:"کدیفای","Brazilian Portuguese":"Codefi",Russian:"Codefi",Spanish:"Codefi","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Codefi",Thai:"Codefi",Turkish:"Codefi",Vietnamese:"Codefi",Arabic:"التداول والتمويل اللامركزي (CodeFi)","Traditional Chinese":"Codefi",Dutch:"Codefi",Greek:"Codefi",Hindi:"Codefi",Hungarian:"Codefi",Japanese:"Codefi",Polish:"Codefi",Ukrainian:"CodeFi"}},coin:{term:"coin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The term 'coin' has some nuances. Strictly speaking, a 'coin' could be defined as: A fungible token (all of them identical) issued on a blockchain, either as the network's transactional token, or through a smart contract deployed to that network. Some people may use 'coins' as shorthand for 'bitcoin'; the immortal aphorism 'not your keys, not your coins' refers to bitcoins. Another thing to keep in mind is that, while coins are put forward as some sort of representation of value, that value can vary wildly from one 'coin' to another. A coin may represent the value of the computational resources of the network, or it may be 'pegged' to represent fiat currency value, or it may float according to the value placed on immaterial resources like NFTs, membership, or digital goods, to name a few.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"coin","Simplified Chinese":"代币",French:"monnaie/jeton fongible",German:"Coin",Indonesian:"koin",Italian:"moneta",Korean:"코인",Persian:"کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"moeda",Russian:"монета",Spanish:"moneda","Filipino (Tagalog)":"barya",Thai:"เหรียญ",Turkish:"coin",Vietnamese:"đồng",Arabic:"عملة","Traditional Chinese":"幣",Dutch:"coin/cryptomunt",Greek:"νόμισμα",Hindi:"कॉइन",Hungarian:"érme",Japanese:"コイン",Polish:"Coin / moneta",Ukrainian:"монета"}},"Coinbase Pay":{term:"Coinbase Pay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Coinbase Pay is a payment feature that allows you to buy or transfer supported crypto on Coinbase.com directly from self-custody wallets (like MetaMask) and dapps.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Coinbase Pay","Simplified Chinese":"Coinbase Pay",French:"Coinbase Pay",German:"Coinbase Pay",Indonesian:"Coinbase Pay",Italian:"Coinbase Pay",Korean:"코인베이스 페이",Persian:"کوین‌بیس پِی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Coinbase Pay",Russian:"Coinbase Pay",Spanish:"Coinbase Pay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Coinbase Pay",Thai:"Coinbase Pay",Turkish:"Coinbase Pay",Vietnamese:"Coinbase Pay",Arabic:"Coinbase Pay","Traditional Chinese":"Coinbase Pay",Dutch:"Coinbase Pay",Greek:"Coinbase Pay",Hindi:"कॉइनबेस Pay",Hungarian:"Coinbase Pay",Japanese:"Coinbase Pay",Polish:"Coinbase Pay",Ukrainian:"Coinbase Pay"}},"cold storage":{term:"cold storage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"cold wallet/cold storage: An offline wallet that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out MetaMask's Hardware Wallet Hub: Hardware Wallet Hub",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"cold storage","Simplified Chinese":"冷存储",French:"stockage déconnecté",German:"Cold Storage",Indonesian:"cold storage",Italian:"cold storage",Korean:"콜드 스토리지",Persian:"کیف پول سرد","Brazilian Portuguese":"cold storage",Russian:"холодное хранилище",Spanish:"almacenamiento en frío","Filipino (Tagalog)":"malamig na imbakan",Thai:"ที่เก็บเงินระยะยาว",Turkish:"soğuk depolama",Vietnamese:"kho lạnh",Arabic:"التخزين البارد (غير متصل بالإنترنت)","Traditional Chinese":"冷儲存",Dutch:"koude opslag/cold storage",Greek:"ψυχρή αποθήκευση",Hindi:"कोल्ड स्टोरेज",Hungarian:"hideg tárolás",Japanese:"コールドストレージ",Polish:"Zimny portfel (cold wallet)",Ukrainian:"холодне сховище"}},"cold wallet / cold storage":{term:"cold wallet / cold storage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An offline wallet that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out MetaMask's Hardware Wallet Hub.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cold wallet / cold storage","Simplified Chinese":"冷钱包 / 冷存储",French:"portefeuille déconnecté /stockage déconnecté",German:"Cold Wallet / Cold Storage",Indonesian:"cold wallet / cold storage",Italian:"cold wallet / cold storage",Korean:"콜드 월렛 / 콜드 스토리지",Persian:"کیف پول سرد/رذخیره‌سازی سرد","Brazilian Portuguese":"cold wallet / cold storage",Russian:"холодный кошелек / холодное хранилище",Spanish:"monedero en frío / almacenamiento en frío","Filipino (Tagalog)":"malamig na wallet / malamig na imbakan",Thai:"วอลเล็ตเงินเย็น / ที่เก็บเงินระยะยาว",Turkish:"soğuk cüzdan / soğuk depolama",Vietnamese:"ví lạnh/kho lạnh",Arabic:"محفظة باردة / تخزين بارد","Traditional Chinese":"冷錢包 / 冷儲存",Dutch:"koude wallet/koude opslag/cold storage",Greek:"ψυχρό πορτοφόλι / ψυχρή αποθήκευση",Hindi:"कोल्ड वॉलेट / कोल्ड स्टोरेज",Hungarian:"hideg pénztárca/hideg tárolás",Japanese:"コールドウォレット / コールドストレージ",Polish:"Zimny portfel (cold wallet)",Ukrainian:"холодний гаманець/холодне сховище"}},"Community Platform":{term:"Community Platform",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A community platform is a dedicated virtual space where people who share the same goals, interests, or motivations can connect and build relationships. MetaMask's community platform can be accessed here: MetaMask Community",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Community Platform","Simplified Chinese":"社区平台",French:"Plateforme communautaire",German:"Community-Plattform",Indonesian:"Platform Komunitas",Italian:"Piattaforma della community",Korean:"커뮤니티 플랫폼",Persian:"پلتفرم انجمن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Plataforma da Comunidade",Russian:"Платформа сообщества",Spanish:"plataforma comunitaria","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Platform ng Komunidad",Thai:"แพลตฟอร์มชุมชน",Turkish:"Topluluk Platformu",Vietnamese:"Nền tảng cộng đồng",Arabic:"منصة المجتمع","Traditional Chinese":"社群平台",Dutch:"communityplatform",Greek:"Πλατφόρμα Κοινότητας",Hindi:"कम्युनिटी प्लेटफ़ॉर्म",Hungarian:"Közösségi platform",Japanese:"コミュニティプラットフォーム",Polish:"Platforma społeczności",Ukrainian:"Платформа спільноти"}},Compiling:{term:"Compiling",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"There are many languages in computing and software programming. In general, 'low-level' languages are those actually processed by the computer's operating system or processor, while 'high-level' languages are those typed in by software developers making programs. Compiling, then, is converting code written in a high-level programming language (e.g., Solidity) into a lower-level language (e.g., EVM bytecode).",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Compiling","Simplified Chinese":"编译",French:"Compiler",German:"Kompilierung",Indonesian:"Mengompilasi",Italian:"Compiling",Korean:"컴파일링",Persian:"همگردانی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Compilação",Russian:"Компиляция",Spanish:"compilación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pinagsasama-sama",Thai:"การคอมไพล์",Turkish:"Derleme",Vietnamese:"Biên dịch",Arabic:"تجميع","Traditional Chinese":"編譯",Dutch:"Compiling",Greek:"Μεταγλώττιση",Hindi:"कम्पाइलिंग",Hungarian:"összeállítás",Japanese:"コンパイル",Polish:"Kompilowanie",Ukrainian:"Компіляція"}},Compound:{term:"Compound",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Compound is a decentralized, blockchain-based protocol that allows you to lend and borrow crypto — and have a say in its governance with its native COMP token.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Compound","Simplified Chinese":"Compound",French:"Compound",German:"Compound",Indonesian:"Compound",Italian:"Compound",Korean:"컴파운드",Persian:"کامپاند","Brazilian Portuguese":"Compound",Russian:"Compound",Spanish:"Compound","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Compound",Thai:"Compound",Turkish:"Compound",Vietnamese:"Compound",Arabic:"بروتوكول Compound","Traditional Chinese":"Compound",Dutch:"Compound",Greek:"Compound",Hindi:"Compound",Hungarian:"összetett",Japanese:"Compound",Polish:"Compound",Ukrainian:"Compound"}},confirmation:{term:"confirmation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A confirmation happens when a network has verified a blockchain transaction. Under a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, this happens through a process known as mining; under Proof of Stake (PoS), the process is known as validation. Once a transaction is successfully confirmed, it theoretically cannot be reversed or double spent. The more confirmations a transaction has, the harder it becomes to perform a double spend attack.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"confirmation","Simplified Chinese":"确认",French:"confirmation",German:"Bestätigung",Indonesian:"konfirmasi",Italian:"conferma",Korean:"컨펌",Persian:"تایید","Brazilian Portuguese":"confirmação",Russian:"подтверждение",Spanish:"confirmación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kumpirmasyon",Thai:"การยืนยัน",Turkish:"onay",Vietnamese:"xác nhận",Arabic:"تأكيد","Traditional Chinese":"確認",Dutch:"bevestiging",Greek:"επιβεβαίωση",Hindi:"कन्फर्मेशन",Hungarian:"megerősítés",Japanese:"承認",Polish:"Potwierdzenie transakcji",Ukrainian:"підтвердження"}},consensus:{term:"consensus",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The process used by a group of peers, or nodes, on a blockchain network to agree on the validity of transactions submitted to the network. Dominant consensus mechanisms are Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS).",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"consensus","Simplified Chinese":"共识",French:"consensus",German:"Konsens",Indonesian:"konsensus",Italian:"consensus",Korean:"컨센서스",Persian:"اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"consenso",Russian:"консенсус",Spanish:"consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pinagkasunduan",Thai:"ฉันทามติ",Turkish:"fikir birliği",Vietnamese:"đồng thuận",Arabic:"خوارزمية الإجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識層",Dutch:"consensus",Greek:"πολιτική συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस",Hungarian:"konszenzus",Japanese:"コンセンサス",Polish:"Konsensus",Ukrainian:"консенсус"}},"Consensus client":{term:"Consensus client",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus client is a component of a blockchain node that is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks in the network. It communicates with other nodes to reach consensus on the current state of the blockchain and to ensure that all nodes have a consistent copy of the ledger. There are various types of consensus mechanisms used in blockchain networks, including proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS), and delegated proof of stake (DPoS). The consensus client implements the specific consensus mechanism used by the network and ensures that all nodes follow the rules and reach agreement on the current state of the blockchain.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Consensus client","Simplified Chinese":"共识客户端",French:"client de consensus",German:"Konsens-Client",Indonesian:"Klien konsensus",Italian:"Consensus client",Korean:"컨센서스 클라이언트",Persian:"کلاینت اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cliente de consenso",Russian:"Клиент консенсуса",Spanish:"cliente de consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Kliyente ng kasunduan",Thai:"ไคลเอ็นต์ฉันทามติ",Turkish:"Fikir birliği istemcisi",Vietnamese:"Ứng dụng đồng thuận",Arabic:"عميل إجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識客戶端",Dutch:"consensus-client",Greek:"Πελάτης συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस क्लाइंट",Hungarian:"konszenzusos ügyfél",Japanese:"コンセンサスクライアント",Polish:"Klient konsensusu",Ukrainian:"Консенсус-клієнт"}},"Consensus layer":{term:"Consensus layer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The consensus layer is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks, and for coordinating communication between nodes to achieve consensus. In a blockchain network, the consensus layer is implemented by the consensus protocol or algorithm that defines how new blocks are added to the chain and how the network reaches agreement on the current state of the ledger.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Consensus layer","Simplified Chinese":"共识层",French:"couche de consensus",German:"Konsens-Layer",Indonesian:"Layer konsensus",Italian:"Consensus layer",Korean:"합의 레이어",Persian:"لایه اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada de consenso",Russian:"Уровень консенсуса",Spanish:"capa de consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer ng kasunduan",Thai:"เลเยอร์ฉันทามติ",Turkish:"Fikir birliği katmanı",Vietnamese:"Lớp đồng thuận",Arabic:"طبقة الإجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識層",Dutch:"consensuslaag",Greek:"Επίπεδο συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस लेयर",Hungarian:"konszenzusos réteg",Japanese:"コンセンサスレイヤー",Polish:"Warstwa konsensusu",Ukrainian:"Рівень консенсусу"}},"Consensus mechanism":{term:"Consensus mechanism",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Consensus mechanisms (also known as consensus protocols or consensus algorithms) allow distributed systems (networks of computers) to work together and stay secure.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Consensus mechanism","Simplified Chinese":"共识机制",French:"mécanisme de consensus",German:"Konsens-Mechanismus",Indonesian:"Mekanisme konsensus",Italian:"Meccanismo di consenso",Korean:"합의 메커니즘",Persian:"مکانیزم اجماع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Mecanismo de consenso",Russian:"Механизм консенсуса",Spanish:"mecanismo de consenso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mekanismo ng kasunduan",Thai:"กลไกฉันทามติ",Turkish:"Fikir birliği mekanizması",Vietnamese:"Cơ chế đồng thuận",Arabic:"آلية الإجماع","Traditional Chinese":"共識機制",Dutch:"consensusmechanisme",Greek:"Μηχανισμός συναίνεσης",Hindi:"कन्सेन्सस मैकेनिज्म",Hungarian:"konszenzus mechanizmusa",Japanese:"コンセンサスメカニズム",Polish:"Mechanizm konsensusu",Ukrainian:"Механізм консенсусу"}},Consensys:{term:"Consensys",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Short for Consensus Systems, ConsenSys is the software engineering leader of the blockchain space.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Consensys","Simplified Chinese":"Consensys",French:"Consensys",German:"Consensys",Indonesian:"Consensys",Italian:"Consensys",Korean:"Consensys",Persian:"کانسنسیس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Consensys",Russian:"Consensys",Spanish:"Consensys","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Consensys",Thai:"Consensys",Turkish:"Consensys",Vietnamese:"Consensys",Arabic:"Consensys","Traditional Chinese":"Consensys",Dutch:"Consensys",Greek:"Consensys",Hindi:"Consensys",Hungarian:"Consensys",Japanese:"Consensys",Polish:"Consensys",Ukrainian:"Consensys"}},"Constantinople fork":{term:"Constantinople fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"One of the 'hard forks' made to the Ethereum network, in February 2019. For more detailed information, see here; see also 'hard fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Constantinople fork","Simplified Chinese":"君士坦丁堡分叉",French:"Fork Constantinople",German:"Constantinople-Fork",Indonesian:"Constantinople fork",Italian:"Fork di Costantinopoli",Korean:"콘스탄티노플 포크",Persian:"فورک قسطنطنیه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Bifurcação Constantinople",Russian:"Константинопольский форк",Spanish:"bifurcación Constantinople","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Constantinople fork",Thai:"การแยกคอนสแตนติโนเปิล",Turkish:"Constantinople çatalı",Vietnamese:"Phân nhánh Constantinople",Arabic:"انقسام (فورك) Byzantium","Traditional Chinese":"君士坦丁堡硬分叉",Dutch:"Constantinople fork",Greek:"Constantinople fork",Hindi:"कॉन्स्टेंटिनोपल फोर्क",Hungarian:"konstantinápolyi villa",Japanese:"コンスタンティノープルフォーク",Polish:"Fork Constantinople",Ukrainian:"Форк «Константинополь»"}},contract:{term:"contract",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See smart contract",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"contract","Simplified Chinese":"合约",French:"contrat",German:"Contract",Indonesian:"kontrak",Italian:"contratto",Korean:"계약",Persian:"قرارداد","Brazilian Portuguese":"contrato",Russian:"контракт",Spanish:"contrato","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kontrata",Thai:"สัญญา",Turkish:"sözleşme",Vietnamese:"hợp đồng",Arabic:"عقد","Traditional Chinese":"合約",Dutch:"contract",Greek:"συμβόλαιο",Hindi:"कॉन्ट्रैक्ट",Hungarian:"szerződés",Japanese:"コントラクト",Polish:"Kontrakt",Ukrainian:"контракт"}},"Contract account":{term:"Contract account",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An account containing code that executes whenever it receives a transaction from another account (EOA or contract).",termCategory:"Company name",i18n:{Term:"Contract account","Simplified Chinese":"合约账户",French:"compte du contrat",German:"Vertragskonto",Indonesian:"Akun kontrak",Italian:"Account del contratto",Korean:"계약 계정",Persian:"حساب قرارداد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Conta do contrato",Russian:"Контрактный счет",Spanish:"cuenta de contrato","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Account ng kontrata",Thai:"บัญชีสัญญา",Turkish:"Sözleşme hesabı",Vietnamese:"Tài khoản hợp đồng",Arabic:"حساب العقد","Traditional Chinese":"合約帳戶",Dutch:"contract-account",Greek:"συμβατικό ποσό",Hindi:"कॉन्ट्रैक्ट अकाउंट",Hungarian:"szerződéses számla",Japanese:"コントラクトアカウント",Polish:"Konto kontraktowe",Ukrainian:"Контрактний обліковий запис"}},CoolWallet:{term:"CoolWallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto hardware wallet for Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, and ERC20 Token.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"CoolWallet","Simplified Chinese":"CoolWallet",French:"CoolWallet",German:"CoolWallet",Indonesian:"CoolWallet",Italian:"CoolWallet",Korean:"쿨월렛",Persian:"کول‌ولت","Brazilian Portuguese":"CoolWallet",Russian:"CoolWallet",Spanish:"CoolWallet","Filipino (Tagalog)":"CoolWallet",Thai:"CoolWallet",Turkish:"CoolWallet",Vietnamese:"CoolWallet",Arabic:"CoolWallet","Traditional Chinese":"CoolWallet",Dutch:"CoolWallet",Greek:"CoolWallet",Hindi:"CoolWallet",Hungarian:"CoolWallet",Japanese:"CoolWallet",Polish:"CoolWallet",Ukrainian:"CoolWallet"}},"crypto asset":{term:"crypto asset",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A useful blanket term that covers on-chain assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto asset","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币资产",French:"cryptoactif",German:"Krypto-Asset",Indonesian:"aset kripto",Italian:"crypto asset",Korean:"암호자산",Persian:"دارایی رمزارزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptoativo",Russian:"криптоактив",Spanish:"cripto","Filipino (Tagalog)":"crypto na asset",Thai:"สินทรัพย์คริปโต",Turkish:"kripto varlığı",Vietnamese:"tài sản tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"أصل مشفر","Traditional Chinese":"加密資產",Dutch:"crypto-asset",Greek:"περιουσιακό στοιχείο κρυπτονομίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो एसेट",Hungarian:"kriptoeszköz",Japanese:"暗号資産",Polish:"Kryptoaktywa",Ukrainian:"криптоактив"}},"crypto bounties":{term:"crypto bounties",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Crypto bounties are an important rewards mechanism that blockchain projects utilize in order to secure the successful accomplishments of certain tasks required by the network. Initially, bounties were intended as a marketing tool to attract users to participate in performing validation services for blockchain projects. Today, crypto bounties have developed significantly beyond the purpose of a simple marketing tool. crypto bounties",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto bounties","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币赏金",French:"primes crypto",German:"Krypto-Belohnungen",Indonesian:"bounty kripto",Italian:"crypto bounty",Korean:"암호 현상금",Persian:"پاداش‌های رمزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"recompensas de criptomoedas",Russian:"крипто-баунти",Spanish:"criptoactivo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mga pabuya ng crypto",Thai:"รางวัลคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto bounty ödülleri",Vietnamese:"tiền thưởng tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"مكافآت التشفير","Traditional Chinese":"加密獎金",Dutch:"cryptobounty's",Greek:"επιβραβεύσεις κρυπτονoμίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो बाउन्टीज़",Hungarian:"kriptojutalmak",Japanese:"クリプトバウンティ",Polish:"Programy bounty",Ukrainian:"крипто-баунті"}},"crypto fund":{term:"crypto fund",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto fund is a type of investment fund that focuses on investing in cryptocurrencies or companies involved in the cryptocurrency industry. These funds are designed to give investors exposure to the crypto market without the need for them to directly buy and hold cryptocurrencies themselves.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"crypto fund","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币基金",French:"fonds crypto",German:"Krypto-Fond",Indonesian:"dana kripto",Italian:"crypto fund",Korean:"암호화폐 펀드",Persian:"صندوق رمزارزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptofundo",Russian:"криптофонд",Spanish:"","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pondo ng crypto",Thai:"กองทุนคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto fonu",Vietnamese:"quỹ tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"صندوق استثمار الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密基金",Dutch:"cryptofonds",Greek:"χρηματοδότηση κρυπτονομίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो फंड",Hungarian:"kripto alap",Japanese:"暗号資産ファンド",Polish:"Kryptowalutowy fundusz inwestycyjny",Ukrainian:"криптофонд"}},"crypto wallet":{term:"crypto wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto wallet is a device, physical medium, program or a service which stores the public and/or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions. Crypto wallets come in different forms, including software wallets, hardware wallets, and paper wallets.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto wallet","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币钱包",French:"portefeuille crypto",German:"Krypto-Wallet",Indonesian:"dompet kripto",Italian:"wallet crypto",Korean:"암호화폐 지갑",Persian:"کیف پول رمزارز","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira de criptomoedas",Russian:"криптокошелек",Spanish:"criptofondo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wallet ng crypto",Thai:"วอลเล็ตคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"محفظة العملات المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密錢包",Dutch:"cryptowallet",Greek:"πορτοφόλι κρυπτονομίσματος",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो वॉलेट",Hungarian:"kripto pénztárca",Japanese:"暗号資産ウォレット",Polish:"Portfel kryptowalutowy",Ukrainian:"криптогаманець"}},"crypto-":{term:"crypto-",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Even though this prefix is originally Greek, our current usage comes from cryptography. Technologies that are referred to with the blanket term of 'crypto' tech are underlain by cryptographic tools and processes (such as public/private key pairs) that enable innovative functionality and security. Of course, 'cryptocurrency' often gets shortened to simply 'crypto', so this emerging field is full of instances where something 'crypto' is being added to or shortened. With the emergence of the term 'Web3', arguably a distinction has begun to be made between 'crypto', referring to DeFi and other financial use cases of the technology, while 'Web3' refers to the transition of Internet-based activities to more decentralized practices and platforms.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"crypto-","Simplified Chinese":"加密-",French:"crypto-",German:"Krypto-",Indonesian:"kripto-",Italian:"crypto-",Korean:"암호화",Persian:"رمزارزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"cripto",Russian:"крипто",Spanish:"criptomonedero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"crypto-",Thai:"คริปโต",Turkish:"kripto-",Vietnamese:"tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"-مشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密-",Dutch:"crypto-",Greek:"κρυπτο-",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो-",Hungarian:"kripto-",Japanese:"クリプト-",Polish:"Krypto-",Ukrainian:"крипто-"}},"crypto-compliance":{term:"crypto-compliance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blanket term used to refer to ensuring crypto projects conform with applicable regulations and laws.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"crypto-compliance","Simplified Chinese":"加密-合规",French:"compliance crypto",German:"Krypto-Compliance",Indonesian:"kepatuhan kripto",Italian:"crypto-compliance",Korean:"암호화폐 컴플라이언스",Persian:"انطباق رمزنگاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptocompliance",Russian:"крипто-комплаенс",Spanish:"criptoactivos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"crypto-compliance",Thai:"การปฏิบัติตามกฎระเบียบคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto uyumu",Vietnamese:"tuân thủ tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"امتثال الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密-合規",Dutch:"crypto-compliance",Greek:"κρυπτο-συμμόρφωση",Hindi:"क्रिप्टो-कंप्लायंस",Hungarian:"kripto-megfelelőség",Japanese:"クリプトコンプライアンス",Polish:"Crypto-compliance (zgodność z przepisami)",Ukrainian:"криптовідповідність"}},cryptoassets:{term:"cryptoassets",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A useful blanket term that covers on-chain assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"cryptoassets","Simplified Chinese":"加密资产",French:"cryptoactifs",German:"Krypto-Assets",Indonesian:"aset kripto",Italian:"cryptoasset",Korean:"암호 자산",Persian:"دارایی‌های رمزنگاری شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptoativos",Russian:"криптоактивы",Spanish:"criptocumplimiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"cryptoassets",Thai:"สินทรัพย์คริปโต",Turkish:"kripto varlıklar",Vietnamese:"tài sản tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密資產",Dutch:"cryptoassets",Greek:"κρυπτοπεριουσιακά στοιχεία",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोएसेट्स",Hungarian:"kriptoeszközök",Japanese:"暗号資産",Polish:"Kryptoaktywa",Ukrainian:"криптоактиви"}},cryptocurrency:{term:"cryptocurrency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Digital currency that is based on mathematics and uses encryption techniques to regulate the creation of units of currency as well as verifying the transfer of funds. Cryptocurrencies operate independently of a central bank, and are kept track of through distributed ledger technology.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cryptocurrency","Simplified Chinese":"加密货币",French:"cryptomonnaie",German:"Kryptowährung",Indonesian:"mata uang kripto",Italian:"criptovaluta",Korean:"암호화폐",Persian:"رمزارز","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptomoeda",Russian:"криптовалюта",Spanish:"criptomoneda","Filipino (Tagalog)":"cryptocurrency",Thai:"เงินคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto para",Vietnamese:"tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"عملة مشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密貨幣",Dutch:"cryptocurrency/cryptomunt",Greek:"κρυπτονόμισμα",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोकरेंसी",Hungarian:"kriptovaluta",Japanese:"仮想通貨",Polish:"Kryptowaluta",Ukrainian:"криптовалюта"}},cryptoeconomics:{term:"cryptoeconomics",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The economic analysis of decentralized finance; notably, the MIT Cryptoeconomics Lab.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cryptoeconomics","Simplified Chinese":"加密经济",French:"Cryptoéconomie",German:"Kryptoökonomie",Indonesian:"kriptonomik",Italian:"cryptoeconomics",Korean:"암호경제학",Persian:"اقتصاد رمزارز محور","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptoeconomia",Russian:"криптоэкономика",Spanish:"criptoeconomía","Filipino (Tagalog)":"cryptoeconomics",Thai:"เศรษฐกิจคริปโต",Turkish:"kripto ekonomi",Vietnamese:"kinh tế tiền mã hoá",Arabic:"اقتصاديات الأصول المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密經濟學",Dutch:"crypto-economie",Greek:"κρυπτοοικονομία",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोइकोनॉमिक्स",Hungarian:"kriptoökonómia",Japanese:"クリプトエコノミクス",Polish:"Kryptoekonomia",Ukrainian:"криптоекономіка"}},cryptography:{term:"cryptography",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In its broadest sense, cryptography is the art of 'hidden writing' -- using some sort of code to encrypt writing. In modern times, it often refers to the application of this concept within computing, communication, and data transfer through computers and computer networks. Cryptography has been protected as free speech in the United States, and provides the technological foundation that allows blockchain networks to be public: despite the ledger being open and accessible by all, control over the state of the ledger and the ability to move assets on it is mediated through cryptographic tools, such as the Secret Recovery Phrase.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"cryptography","Simplified Chinese":"加密学",French:"cryptographie",German:"Kryptographie",Indonesian:"kriptografi",Italian:"crittografia",Korean:"암호화",Persian:"رمزنگاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptografia",Russian:"криптография",Spanish:"criptografía","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kriptograpiya",Thai:"วิทยาการเข้ารหัส",Turkish:"kriptografi",Vietnamese:"mật mã học",Arabic:"التشفير","Traditional Chinese":"密碼學",Dutch:"cryptografie",Greek:"Κρυπτογράφηση",Hindi:"क्रिप्टोग्राफी",Hungarian:"kriptográfia",Japanese:"暗号技術",Polish:"Kryptografia",Ukrainian:"криптографія"}},Curve:{term:"Curve",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Curve","Simplified Chinese":"Curve",French:"Curve",German:"Curve",Indonesian:"Curve",Italian:"Curve",Korean:"커브",Persian:"کِرو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Curve",Russian:"Curve",Spanish:"Curve","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Curve",Thai:"Curve",Turkish:"Curve",Vietnamese:"Curve",Arabic:"Curve","Traditional Chinese":"Curve",Dutch:"Curve",Greek:"Curve",Hindi:"Curve",Hungarian:"ív",Japanese:"Curve",Polish:"Curve",Ukrainian:"Curve"}},"custody (noun)":{term:"custody (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of cryptocurrencies, custody refers to the safekeeping and management of digital assets on behalf of a client by a third-party service provider. Custody services are an important aspect of the cryptocurrency industry because cryptocurrencies are digital assets that require secure storage and management to prevent loss, theft, or unauthorized access. Crypto custody services are typically offered by specialized companies that provide secure storage solutions for cryptocurrencies. These companies use various security measures such as multi-signature authentication, cold storage, and insurance to protect their clients' assets.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"custody (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"托管",French:"Dépôt (nom)",German:"Verwahrung",Indonesian:"penyimpanan (noun)",Italian:"custodia (noun)",Korean:"커스터디(명사)",Persian:"حضانت","Brazilian Portuguese":"custódia",Russian:"депозитарное хранение",Spanish:"custodia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kustodiya (pangngalan)",Thai:"การเก็บรักษา",Turkish:"saklayıcı kurum",Vietnamese:"dịch vụ lưu ký (danh từ)",Arabic:"الحفظ الآمن","Traditional Chinese":"託管",Dutch:"custody/bewaring/beheer",Greek:"επιμέλεια",Hindi:"कस्टडी (नाउन)",Hungarian:"tárolás",Japanese:"カストディ",Polish:"Usługi powiernicze",Ukrainian:"самостійне зберігання"}},"D'CENT":{term:"D'CENT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hardware wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"D'CENT","Simplified Chinese":"D'CENT",French:"D’CENT",German:"D'CENT",Indonesian:"D'CENT",Italian:"D'CENT",Korean:"디센트",Persian:"کیف پول D'CENT","Brazilian Portuguese":"D'CENT",Russian:"D'CENT",Spanish:"D'CENT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"D'CENT",Thai:"D'CENT",Turkish:"D'CENT",Vietnamese:"D'CENT",Arabic:"D'CENT","Traditional Chinese":"D'CENT",Dutch:"D'CENT",Greek:"D'CENT",Hindi:"D'CENT",Hungarian:"D'CENT",Japanese:"D'CENT",Polish:"D'CENT",Ukrainian:"D'CENT"}},DAI:{term:"DAI",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"DAI is an Ethereum-based stablecoin whose issuance and development is managed by the Maker Protocol and the MakerDAO decentralized autonomous organization.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"DAI","Simplified Chinese":"DAI",French:"DAI",German:"DAI",Indonesian:"DAI",Italian:"DAI",Korean:"DAI",Persian:"دای","Brazilian Portuguese":"DAI",Russian:"DAI",Spanish:"DAI","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DAI",Thai:"DAI",Turkish:"DAI",Vietnamese:"DAI",Arabic:"عملة DAI","Traditional Chinese":"DAI",Dutch:"DAI",Greek:"DAI",Hindi:"DAI",Hungarian:"DAI",Japanese:"DAI",Polish:"DAI",Ukrainian:"DAI"}},DAO:{term:"DAO",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Decentralized Autonomous Organization'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"DAO","Simplified Chinese":"DAO（去中心化自治组织）",French:"DAO",German:"DAO",Indonesian:"DAO",Italian:"DAO",Korean:"다오",Persian:"دائو","Brazilian Portuguese":"DAO",Russian:"ДАО",Spanish:"DAO","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DAO",Thai:"DAO",Turkish:"DAO",Vietnamese:"DAO",Arabic:"منظمة مستقلة لامركزية (DAO)","Traditional Chinese":"分散式自治組織",Dutch:"DAO",Greek:"DAO",Hindi:"DAO",Hungarian:"DAO",Japanese:"DAO",Polish:"DAO",Ukrainian:"DAO"}},dapp:{term:"dapp",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'decentralized application'",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"dapp","Simplified Chinese":"dapp（去中心化应用）",French:"dApp",German:"dApp",Indonesian:"dapp",Italian:"dapp",Korean:"디앱",Persian:"dapp","Brazilian Portuguese":"dapp",Russian:"dapp",Spanish:"dapp","Filipino (Tagalog)":"dapp",Thai:"ดีแอป",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz uygulama",Vietnamese:"dapp",Arabic:"تطبيق لامركزي (dapp)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化應用程式",Dutch:"dapp",Greek:"dapp (αποκεντρωμένη εφαρμογή)",Hindi:"dapp",Hungarian:"dapp",Japanese:"DApp",Polish:"DApp",Ukrainian:"децентралізований додаток"}},decentralization:{term:"decentralization",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The transfer of authority and responsibility from a centralized organization, government, or party to a distributed network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"decentralization","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化",French:"Décentralisation",German:"Dezentralisierung",Indonesian:"desentralisasi",Italian:"decentralizzazione",Korean:"탈중앙화",Persian:"تمرکززدایی","Brazilian Portuguese":"descentralização",Russian:"децентрализация",Spanish:"descentralización","Filipino (Tagalog)":"desentralisasyon",Thai:"กระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"yerinden yönetim",Vietnamese:"phi tập trung",Arabic:"اللامركزية","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化",Dutch:"decentralisatie",Greek:"αποκέντρωση",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज़ेशन",Hungarian:"decentralizálás",Japanese:"分散化",Polish:"Decentralizacja",Ukrainian:"децентралізація"}},"decentralized application":{term:"decentralized application",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An open-source software application with backend (not user-facing) code running on a decentralized peer-to-peer network, rather than a centralized server. You may see alternate spellings: dApps, DApps, Dapps, and Đapps.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized application","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化应用",French:"application décentralisée",German:"Dezentralisierte Anwendung",Indonesian:"aplikasi terdesentralisasi",Italian:"applicazione decentralizzata",Korean:"탈중앙화 애플리케이션",Persian:"برنامه غیرمتمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"aplicativo descentralizado",Russian:"децентрализованное приложение",Spanish:"aplicación descentralizada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"decentralized application",Thai:"แอปพลิเคชันกระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"merkezi olmayan uygulama",Vietnamese:"ứng dụng phi tập trung",Arabic:"تطبيق لامركزي","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化應用程式",Dutch:"decentrale app",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένη εφαρμογή",Hindi:"decentralized application",Hungarian:"decentralizált alkalmazás",Japanese:"分散型アプリケーション",Polish:"Zdecentralizowana aplikacja",Ukrainian:"децентралізований додаток"}},"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)":{term:"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A Digital Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO, pronounced like the Chinese concept) is a powerful and very flexible organizational structure built on a blockchain. Alternatively, the first known example of a DAO is referred to as The DAO. The DAO served as a form of investor-directed venture capital fund, which sought to provide enterprises with new decentralized business models. Ethereum-based, The DAO’s code was open source. The organization set the record for the most crowdfunded project in 2016. Those funds were partially stolen by hackers. The hack caused an Ethereum hard-fork which lead to the creation of Ethereum Classic.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化自治组织（DAO）",French:"Organisation autonome décentralisée",German:"Dezentralisierte autonome Organisation (DAO)",Indonesian:"Organisasi Otonom Terdesentralisasi (DAO)",Italian:"Organizzazione autonoma decentralizzata (DAO)",Korean:"탈중앙화 자율조직(DAO)",Persian:"سازمان خودگردان غیرمتمرکز (دائو)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Organização autônoma descentralizada (DAO)",Russian:"Децентрализованная автономная организация (ДАО)",Spanish:"organización autónoma descentralizada (DAO)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)",Thai:"องค์กรอัตโนมัติแบบกระจายศูนย์ (DAO)",Turkish:"Merkezi Olmayan Otonom Organizasyon (DAO)",Vietnamese:"Tổ chức tự trị phi tập trung (DAO)",Arabic:"منظمة مستقلة لامركزية (DAO)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化自治組織",Dutch:"decentrale autonome organisatie (DAO)",Greek:"Αποκεντρωμένος αυτόνομος οργανισμός (DAO)",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज्ड ऑटोनोमस ऑर्गेनाईज़ेशन (DAO)",Hungarian:"decentralizált autonóm szervezet (DAO)",Japanese:"分散型自律組織 (DAO)",Polish:"Zdecentralizowana autonomiczna organizacja (DAO)",Ukrainian:"Децентралізована автономна організація (DAO)"}},"decentralized exchange (DEX)":{term:"decentralized exchange (DEX)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A decentralized exchange (DEX) is a platform for exchanging cryptocurrencies based on functionality programmed on the blockchain (i.e., in smart contracts). The trading is peer-to-peer, or between pools of liquidity. This is in contrast with a centralized exchange, which is more akin to a bank or investment firm that specializes in cryptocurrencies. Additionally, there are so-called on-ramp providers, who could be compared to currency brokers, exchanging traditional “fiat” money for cryptocurrencies, and do not hold customer’s funds “on deposit” the way a centralized exchange does. There are important technical and regulatory differences between these, which are constantly evolving.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized exchange (DEX)","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化交易所（DEX）",French:"Échange décentralisé (DEX)",German:"Dezentralisierte Börse (DEX)",Indonesian:"bursa terdesentralisasi (DEX)",Italian:"exchange decentralizzato (DEX)",Korean:"탈중앙화 거래소(DEX)",Persian:"صرافی غیرمتمرکز (دکس)","Brazilian Portuguese":"corretora descentralizada (DEX)",Russian:"децентрализованная биржа (DEX)",Spanish:"intercambio descentralizado (DEX)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"decentralized exchange (DEX)",Thai:"ตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนแบบกระจายศูนย์ (DEX)",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz borsa (DEX)",Vietnamese:"sàn giao dịch phi tập trung (DEX)",Arabic:"بورصة لامركزية (DEX)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化交易所",Dutch:"decentrale exchange (DEX)",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένη ανταλλαγή (DEX)",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज्ड एक्सचेंज (DEX)",Hungarian:"decentralizált tőzsde (DEX)",Japanese:"分散型取引所 (DEX)",Polish:"Giełda zdecentralizowana (DEX)",Ukrainian:"децентралізована біржа (DEX)"}},"decentralized finance":{term:"decentralized finance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"If cryptocurrency is web3’s monetary system, its financial system is DeFi. This includes familiar concepts like loans and interest-bearing financial instruments, as well as so-called “DeFi primitives”, novel solutions like token swapping and liquidity pools.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized finance","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化金融",French:"finance décentralisée",German:"Dezentralisierte Finanzen",Indonesian:"keuangan terdesentralisasi",Italian:"finanza decentralizzata",Korean:"탈중앙화 금융",Persian:"امور مالی غیرمتمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"finanças descentralizadas",Russian:"децентрализованные финансы",Spanish:"finanzas descentralizadas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"decentralized finance",Thai:"การเงินกระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz finans",Vietnamese:"tài chính phi tập trung",Arabic:"التمويل اللامركزي","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化金融",Dutch:"decentralized finance/DeFi",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένη χρηματοοικονομική",Hindi:"decentralized finance",Hungarian:"decentralizált finanszírozás",Japanese:"分散型金融",Polish:"DeFi (zdecentralizowane finanse)",Ukrainian:"децентралізовані фінанси"}},"decentralized web":{term:"decentralized web",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The decentralized web, also known as web3, is a concept that refers to a new type of internet architecture that aims to provide a more open, secure, and privacy-preserving internet experience by removing the need for centralized intermediaries and giving users more control over their data. In contrast to the current centralized web, where most online activities are controlled by a few large corporations and their servers, the decentralized web relies on a network of distributed nodes and peer-to-peer protocols to store and transmit data. This means that there is no central authority controlling the internet, and users can interact directly with each other without the need for intermediaries.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"decentralized web","Simplified Chinese":"去中心化网络",French:"web décentralisé",German:"Dezentralisiertes Web",Indonesian:"web terdesentralisasi",Italian:"web decentralizzato",Korean:"탈중앙화 웹",Persian:"وب غیرمتمرکز","Brazilian Portuguese":"web descentralizada",Russian:"децентрализованная сеть",Spanish:"web descentralizada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"desentralisadong web",Thai:"เว็บกระจายศูนย์",Turkish:"merkeziyetsiz web",Vietnamese:"trang web phi tập trung",Arabic:"الويب اللامركزي","Traditional Chinese":"Web3去中心化的虛擬生態系",Dutch:"decentraal web",Greek:"αποκεντρωμένος ιστός",Hindi:"डीसेंट्रलाइज्ड वेब",Hungarian:"decentralizált web",Japanese:"分散型 Web",Polish:"Zdecentralizowana sieć Web",Ukrainian:"децентралізована мережа"}},deposit:{term:"deposit",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In most web3 contexts, 'depositing' refers to the act of transferring some amount of token(s) to an address other than one's own, most often to a smart contract controlled by a 'protocol', such as a decentralized exchange, video game or multiverse, DAO, etc. Generally, the user will receive something in return for their deposit, and the deposit can be claimed at the user's discretion, or upon completion of given conditions. Compare with 'stake'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"deposit","Simplified Chinese":"保证金",French:"dépôt",German:"Einzahlung",Indonesian:"deposit",Italian:"deposito",Korean:"예치",Persian:"واریز","Brazilian Portuguese":"depositar",Russian:"депозит",Spanish:"","Filipino (Tagalog)":"deposito",Thai:"ฝาก",Turkish:"para yatırma",Vietnamese:"gửi tiền",Arabic:"الإيداع","Traditional Chinese":"充值",Dutch:"storten",Greek:"κατάθεση",Hindi:"डिपॉज़िट",Hungarian:"letét",Japanese:"デポジット",Polish:"Depozyt",Ukrainian:"депозит"}},"derive / derivation":{term:"derive / derivation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"To derive something is to obtain it from an original source. In the context of crypto-technology, we often discuss 'deriving' wallets and accounts from seed phrases (aka Secret Recovery Phrases, or SRPs). This is literally true: the SRP represents a cryptographic key which is used to derive account addresses deterministically, meaning they will be derived the same way each time. Another, more technical, way of referring to this technology is to refer to 'hierarchical deterministic' wallets.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"derive / derivation","Simplified Chinese":"派生",French:"dériver / dérivation",German:"Ableiten / Ableitung",Indonesian:"berasal / turunan",Italian:"deriva / derivazione",Korean:"파생 / 파생",Persian:"مشتق شدن/اشتقاق","Brazilian Portuguese":"derivar / derivação",Russian:"сделать вывод / вывод/извлекать/выводить/производное от",Spanish:"derivar / derivación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nagmula / pinagmulan",Thai:"ได้มาจาก / อนุพัทธ์",Turkish:"türev / türetme",Vietnamese:"phái sinh/phái sinh",Arabic:"يشتقّ / اشتقاق","Traditional Chinese":"金融衍生品",Dutch:"afleiden/afleiding",Greek:"παραγωγή / προέλευση",Hindi:"डीराइव / डेरिवेशन",Hungarian:"származtatni/származtatás",Japanese:"導き出す / 導出",Polish:"Uzyskiwanie",Ukrainian:"Вивести/деривація"}},dev:{term:"dev",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Abbreviation of developer.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"dev","Simplified Chinese":"开发者",French:"dev.",German:"Entwickler",Indonesian:"dev",Italian:"dev",Korean:"개발자",Persian:"توسعه دهنده","Brazilian Portuguese":"dev",Russian:"разраб/дев",Spanish:"desarrollador","Filipino (Tagalog)":"dev",Thai:"นักพัฒนา",Turkish:"geliştirici",Vietnamese:"nhà lập trình",Arabic:"مُطورّ","Traditional Chinese":"開發者",Dutch:"ontwikkelaar",Greek:"Προγραμματιστής",Hindi:"dev",Hungarian:"dev",Japanese:"Dev",Polish:"Dev",Ukrainian:"розробник"}},Devcon:{term:"Devcon",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"This is shorthand for the Ethereum Developers’ Conference.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Devcon","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 开发者会议",French:"DevCon",German:"Devcon",Indonesian:"Devcon",Italian:"Devcon",Korean:"Ethereum 개발 컨퍼런스",Persian:"کنفرانس توسعه‌دهندگان اتریوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Devcon",Russian:"Конференция разработчиков",Spanish:"Devcon","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Devcon",Thai:"Devcon",Turkish:"Devcon",Vietnamese:"Devcon",Arabic:"Devcon","Traditional Chinese":"Devcon 區塊鏈媒體",Dutch:"Devcon",Greek:"Devcon",Hindi:"Devcon",Hungarian:"Devcon",Japanese:"Devcon",Polish:"Devcon",Ukrainian:"Devcon"}},Developer:{term:"Developer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A person that creates new products, especially computer products such as software.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Developer","Simplified Chinese":"开发者",French:"Développeur",German:"Entwickler",Indonesian:"Pengembang",Italian:"Sviluppatore",Korean:"개발자",Persian:"توسعه دهنده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Desenvolvedor",Russian:"Разработчик",Spanish:"desarrollador","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Developer",Thai:"นักพัฒนา",Turkish:"Geliştirici",Vietnamese:"Nhà lập trình",Arabic:"مُطورّ","Traditional Chinese":"開發者",Dutch:"ontwikkelaar",Greek:"Προγραμματιστής",Hindi:"Developer",Hungarian:"fejlesztő",Japanese:"開発者",Polish:"Twórca oprogramowania",Ukrainian:"Розробник"}},DEX:{term:"DEX",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'decentralized exchange'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"DEX","Simplified Chinese":"DEX（去中心化交易所）",French:"DEX",German:"DEX",Indonesian:"DEX",Italian:"DEX",Korean:"DEX",Persian:"دکس","Brazilian Portuguese":"DEX",Russian:"DEX",Spanish:"DEX","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DEX",Thai:"DEX",Turkish:"DEX",Vietnamese:"DEX",Arabic:"بورصة لامركزية (DEX)","Traditional Chinese":"去中心化交易所",Dutch:"DEX",Greek:"DEX (αποκεντρωμένη ανταλλαγή)",Hindi:"DEX",Hungarian:"DEX",Japanese:"DEX",Polish:"DEX",Ukrainian:"DEX"}},difficulty:{term:"difficulty",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The concept outlining how hard it is to verify blocks in a blockchain network during Proof of Work mining. In the Bitcoin network, the difficulty of mining adjusts every 2016 blocks. This is to keep block verification time at ten minutes.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"difficulty","Simplified Chinese":"难度",French:"difficulté",German:"Schwierigkeit",Indonesian:"kesulitan",Italian:"difficoltà",Korean:"난이도",Persian:"سختی","Brazilian Portuguese":"dificuldade",Russian:"сложность",Spanish:"dificultad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kahirapan",Thai:"ความยากในการขุด",Turkish:"zorluk",Vietnamese:"độ khó",Arabic:"صعوبة التعدين","Traditional Chinese":"難度值",Dutch:"difficulty/moeilijkheid",Greek:"δυσκολία",Hindi:"डिफीकल्टी",Hungarian:"nehézség",Japanese:"採掘難易度",Polish:"Trudność",Ukrainian:"складність"}},"difficulty bomb":{term:"difficulty bomb",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The difficulty bomb, along with the Beacon Chain and others, was a key element of Ethereum's upgrade to Ethereum 2.0 and a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. As the name indicates, the difficulty bomb was a software mechanism that increased block verification difficulty, making it more expensive and difficult--eventually, prohibitively so--to mine a new block. Through economic incentive, and later, the raw limitations of computing power, this forced the shift to PoS consensus. See also 'Proof of Stake', 'the Merge'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"difficulty bomb","Simplified Chinese":"难度炸弹",French:"bombe de difficulté",German:"Schwierigkeitsbombe",Indonesian:"difficulty bomb",Italian:"difficulty bomb",Korean:"난이도 폭탄",Persian:"بمب سختی","Brazilian Portuguese":"bomba de dificuldade",Russian:"бомба сложности",Spanish:"bomba de dificultad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bomba ng kahirapan",Thai:"ปรับความยากจนขุดไม่ได้",Turkish:"zorluk bombası",Vietnamese:"bom độ khó",Arabic:"انفجار الصعوبة","Traditional Chinese":"難度炸彈",Dutch:"difficulty bomb",Greek:"βόμβα δυσκολίας",Hindi:"डिफीकल्टी बॉम्ब",Hungarian:"nehézségi bomba",Japanese:"ディフィカルティボム",Polish:"Bomba trudności",Ukrainian:"бомба складності"}},"digital asset":{term:"digital asset",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A digital commodity that is scarce, electronically transferable, and intangible with a market value.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"digital asset","Simplified Chinese":"数字资产",French:"Actif numérique",German:"Digitales Asset",Indonesian:"aset digital",Italian:"asset digitale",Korean:"디지털 자산",Persian:"دارایی دیجیتال","Brazilian Portuguese":"ativo digital",Russian:"цифровой актив",Spanish:"activo digital","Filipino (Tagalog)":"digital na asset",Thai:"สินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล",Turkish:"dijital varlık",Vietnamese:"tài sản kỹ thuật số",Arabic:"أصل رقمي","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈數字資產",Dutch:"digitale asset",Greek:"ψηφιακά διαθέσιμα στοιχεία",Hindi:"डिजिटल एसेट",Hungarian:"digitális eszköz",Japanese:"デジタル資産",Polish:"Aktywa cyfrowe",Ukrainian:"цифровий актив"}},"digital identity":{term:"digital identity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An online or networked identity adopted by an individual, organization, or electronic device.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"digital identity","Simplified Chinese":"数字身份",French:"identité numérique",German:"Digitale Identität",Indonesian:"identitas digital",Italian:"identità digitale",Korean:"디지털 신원",Persian:"هویت دیجیتال","Brazilian Portuguese":"identidade digital",Russian:"цифровая личность/цифровая идентификация/цифровой профиль",Spanish:"identidad digital","Filipino (Tagalog)":"digital na pagkakakilanlan",Thai:"อัตลักษณ์ดิจิทัล",Turkish:"dijital kimlik",Vietnamese:"nhận dạng kỹ thuật số",Arabic:"هوية رقمية","Traditional Chinese":"數位身份",Dutch:"digitale identiteit",Greek:"ηλεκτρονική ταυτότητα",Hindi:"डिजिटल आइडेंटिटी",Hungarian:"digitális identitás",Japanese:"デジタルアイデンティティ",Polish:"Tożsamość cyfrowa",Ukrainian:"цифрова ідентичність"}},"Digital signature":{term:"Digital signature",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A short string of data a user produces for a document using a private key such that anyone with the corresponding public key, the signature, and the document can verify that (1) the document was 'signed' by the owner of that particular private key, and (2) the document was not changed after it was signed.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Digital signature","Simplified Chinese":"电子签名",French:"Signature numérique",German:"Digitale Signatur",Indonesian:"Tanda tangan digital",Italian:"Firma digitale",Korean:"전자 서명",Persian:"امضای دیجیتال","Brazilian Portuguese":"Assinatura digital",Russian:"Цифровая подпись",Spanish:"firma digital","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Digital na lagda",Thai:"ลายเซ็นดิจิทัล",Turkish:"Dijital imza",Vietnamese:"Chữ ký số",Arabic:"توقيع رقمي","Traditional Chinese":"數位簽章",Dutch:"digitale handtekening",Greek:"Ηλεκτρονική υπογραφή",Hindi:"डिजिटल सिग्नेचर",Hungarian:"digitális aláírás",Japanese:"デジタル署名",Polish:"Podpis cyfrowy",Ukrainian:"Цифровий підпис"}},"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack":{term:"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A type of cyber-attack in which the perpetrator continuously overwhelms the system with requests in order to prevent service of legitimate requests.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack","Simplified Chinese":"分布式拒绝服务攻击（DDoS）",French:"Attaque par déni de service (DDoS)",German:"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Angriff",Indonesian:"Serangan Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)",Italian:"Attacco Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)",Korean:"분산 서비스 거부(DDoS) 공격",Persian:"حمله محروم‌سازی از سرویس (دیداس)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ataque de negação de serviço distribuído (DDoS)",Russian:"Распределенная атака типа «отказ в обслуживании» (DDoS)",Spanish:"ataque distribuido de denegación de servicio (DDoS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) na Pag-atake",Thai:"การโจมตีแบบปฏิเสธการให้บริการแบบกระจาย (DDoS)",Turkish:"Dağıtık Hizmet Reddi (DDoS) Saldırısı",Vietnamese:"Tấn công từ chối dịch vụ phân tán (DDoS)",Arabic:"الهجمات الموزعة لحجب الخدمة (DDoS)","Traditional Chinese":"分散式阻斷服務攻擊",Dutch:"DDOS-aanval (distributed denial of service)",Greek:"Eπίθεση άρνησης εξυπηρέτησης (DDoS)",Hindi:"डिस्ट्रीब्यूटेड डिनायल ऑफ सर्विस (DDoS) अटैक",Hungarian:"elosztott szolgáltatásmegtagadási (DDoS) támadás",Japanese:"分散型サービス拒否 (DDoS) 攻撃",Polish:"Atak DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)",Ukrainian:"Розподілена атака типу «відмова в обслуговуванні» (DDoS)"}},"distributed ledger":{term:"distributed ledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ledger. Distributed ledger data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to public blockchain technology, as 'crypto' has come to mean 'cryptocurrency', 'web3' is the collective community, and 'blockchain', after all, is 'just' the data structure used to sync the distributed ledger itself.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"distributed ledger","Simplified Chinese":"分布式账本",French:"registre distribué",German:"Distributed Ledger",Indonesian:"ledger terdistribusi",Italian:"registro distribuito",Korean:"분산 원장",Persian:"دفترکل توزیع‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"registro distribuído",Russian:"распределенный реестр",Spanish:"registro distribuido","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ipinamahaging ledger",Thai:"การจดบัญชีแบบกระจาย",Turkish:"dağıtılmış defter",Vietnamese:"sổ cái phân tán",Arabic:"السجل الموزع","Traditional Chinese":"分布式分類帳",Dutch:"distributed ledger",Greek:"Κατανεμημένο Καθολικό",Hindi:"डिस्ट्रिब्यूटेड लेजर (ledger)",Hungarian:"elosztott főkönyv",Japanese:"分散型台帳",Polish:"Rejestr rozproszony",Ukrainian:"розподілений реєстр"}},"Distributed Ledger Technology":{term:"Distributed Ledger Technology",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ledger. Distributed ledger data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to public blockchain technology, as ‘crypto’ has come to mean ‘cryptocurrency’, ‘web3’ is the collective community, and ‘blockchain’, after all, is “just” the data structure used to sync the distributed ledger itself.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Distributed Ledger Technology","Simplified Chinese":"分布式账本技术",French:"Technologie de registre distribué",German:"Distributed-Ledger-Technologie",Indonesian:"Teknologi Ledger Terdistribusi",Italian:"Distributed Ledger Technology",Korean:"분산 원장 기술",Persian:"فناوری دفترکل توزیع‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Tecnologia de registro distribuído",Russian:"Технология распределенного реестра",Spanish:"tecnología de registro distribuido","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Distributed Ledger Technology",Thai:"เทคโนโลยีการจดบัญชีแบบกระจาย",Turkish:"Dağıtılmış Defter Teknolojisi",Vietnamese:"Công nghệ sổ cái phân tán",Arabic:"تقنية دفتر الأستاذ الموزع","Traditional Chinese":"分散式帳本技術",Dutch:"distributed ledger technology",Greek:"DLT (Τεχνολογία Κατανεμημένου Καθολικού)",Hindi:"Distributed Ledger Technology",Hungarian:"elosztott főkönyvi technológia (DLT)",Japanese:"分散型台帳技術",Polish:"Technologia rozproszonego rejestru",Ukrainian:"Технологія розподіленого реєстру"}},DLT:{term:"DLT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'distributed ledger technology'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"DLT","Simplified Chinese":"DLT（分布式账本技术）",French:"DLT",German:"DLT",Indonesian:"DLT",Italian:"DLT",Korean:"DLT",Persian:"فناوری دفترکل توزیع‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"DLT",Russian:"DLT",Spanish:"DLT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"DLT",Thai:"DLT",Turkish:"DLT",Vietnamese:"DLT",Arabic:"تقنية دفتر الأستاذ الموزع (DLT)","Traditional Chinese":"分散式帳本技術",Dutch:"DLT",Greek:"DLT (Τεχνολογία Κατανεμημένου Καθολικού)",Hindi:"DLT",Hungarian:"DLT",Japanese:"DLT",Polish:"DLT",Ukrainian:"DLT"}},"double spend":{term:"double spend",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The 'double spend' is the benchmark security concern of blockchain networks: how do we ensure that someone doesn't send the same transaction to two different entities, essentially 'spending their money twice'? This is the cornerstone of the consensus mechanism, ensuring that all nodes of the network are 'in agreement' about which assets are allocated to which addresses, on an ongoing basis, to prevent malicious actions such as a double spend.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"double spend","Simplified Chinese":"双重支付",French:"Double dépense",German:"Doppelte Ausgaben",Indonesian:"penggunaan ganda",Italian:"doppia spesa",Korean:"이중 지불",Persian:"دوبار خرج‌کردن","Brazilian Portuguese":"gasto duplo",Russian:"двойное расходование",Spanish:"doble gasto","Filipino (Tagalog)":"dobleng paggasta",Thai:"จ่ายซ้ำ",Turkish:"çift harcama",Vietnamese:"chi tiêu kép",Arabic:"إنفاق مزدوج","Traditional Chinese":"雙重支付",Dutch:"double-spending",Greek:"double spend",Hindi:"डबल स्पेंड",Hungarian:"dupla költés",Japanese:"二重支払い",Polish:"Podwójne wydatkowanie",Ukrainian:"подвійна трата"}},ecosystem:{term:"ecosystem",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'web3 ecosystem'; 'blockchain ecosystem'. See 'web3'; See 'blockchain'",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ecosystem","Simplified Chinese":"生态系统",French:"écosystème",German:"Ökosystem",Indonesian:"ekosistem",Italian:"ecosistema",Korean:"생태계",Persian:"اکوسیستم","Brazilian Portuguese":"ecossistema",Russian:"экосистема",Spanish:"ecosistema","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ekosistema",Thai:"ระบบนิเวศ",Turkish:"ekosistem",Vietnamese:"hệ sinh thái",Arabic:"النظام البيئي","Traditional Chinese":"生態圈",Dutch:"ecosysteem",Greek:"οικοσύστημα",Hindi:"इकोसिस्टम",Hungarian:"ökoszisztéma",Japanese:"エコシステム",Polish:"Ekosystem",Ukrainian:"екосистема"}},Edge:{term:"Edge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'Edge computing': it is an emerging computing paradigm which refers to a range of networks and devices at or near the user. Edge is about processing data closer to where it's being generated, enabling processing at greater speeds and volumes, leading to greater action-led results in real time. The term can also refer to Microsoft's browser or the crypto software wallet",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Edge","Simplified Chinese":"Edge",French:"Edge",German:"Edge",Indonesian:"Edge",Italian:"Edge",Korean:"Edge",Persian:"مرزی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Edge",Russian:"Граничный (Edge, if browser)",Spanish:"Edge","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Edge",Thai:"Edge",Turkish:"Edge",Vietnamese:"Edge",Arabic:"الطرفية","Traditional Chinese":"Edge",Dutch:"edge/Edge",Greek:"Edge",Hindi:"Edge",Hungarian:"él",Japanese:"エッジ / Edge",Polish:"Edge",Ukrainian:"Edge"}},"EIP-1559":{term:"EIP-1559",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal) The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the Ethereum network functions as a whole. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, EIP-1559. EIP-1559 will change Ethereum’s fee market mechanism. Fundamentally, EIP-1559 gets rid of the first-price auction as the main gas fee calculation. In first-price auctions, people bid a set amount of money to pay for their transaction to be processed, and the highest bidder wins. With EIP-1559, there will be a discrete “base fee” for transactions to be included in the next block. For users or applications that want to prioritize their transaction, they can add a “tip,” which is called a “priority fee” to pay a miner for faster inclusion.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"EIP-1559","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 改进提议（EIP）-1559",French:"EIP-1559",German:"EIP-1559",Indonesian:"EIP-1559",Italian:"EIP-1559",Korean:"EIP-1559",Persian:"EIP-1559","Brazilian Portuguese":"EIP-1559",Russian:"EIP-1559",Spanish:"EIP-1559","Filipino (Tagalog)":"EIP-1559",Thai:"EIP-1559",Turkish:"EIP-1559",Vietnamese:"EIP-1559",Arabic:"EIP-1559","Traditional Chinese":"EIP-1559",Dutch:"EIP-1559",Greek:"EIP-1559",Hindi:"EIP-1559",Hungarian:"EIP-1559",Japanese:"EIP-1559",Polish:"EIP-1559",Ukrainian:"EIP-1559"}},"encrypted vs unencrypted keys":{term:"encrypted vs unencrypted keys",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As discussed elsewhere, public and private cryptographic key pairs are one of the technologies that underpins cryptocurrencies and 'crypto' tech in general. In MetaMask, an unencrypted private key is 64 characters long, and it is used to unlock or restore wallets. An encrypted key is also 64 letters long and is a regular private key that has gone through the process of encryption. Usually, encrypted private keys are kept within the extension or device they are encrypted by, and they remain out of sight from the user. This is meant to add another layer of security to keep a user’s wallet information safe. By way of example: if the world ‘Apple’ was your private key, then it was encrypted three letters down the alphabet, your new encrypted key would be ‘Dssoh’. Since you know the way to encrypt this key, you could derive the original private key from it by reversing the method of encryption.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"encrypted vs unencrypted keys","Simplified Chinese":"加密秘钥与未加密密钥",French:"clés chiffrées ou clés déchiffrées",German:"Verschlüsselte vs. unverschlüsselte Schlüssel",Indonesian:"kunci terenkripsi vs tidak terenkripsi",Italian:"chiavi crittografate vs non crittografate",Korean:"암호화된 키와 암호화되지 않은 키",Persian:"کلیدهای رمزگذاری شده در مقابل کلیدهای رمزگذاری نشده","Brazilian Portuguese":"chaves criptografadas vs não criptografadas",Russian:"зашифрованные и незашифрованные ключи",Spanish:"claves cifradas vs no cifradas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"naka-encrypt kumpara sa mga hindi naka-encrypt na key",Thai:"คีย์เข้ารหัส / คีย์ไม่เข้ารหัส",Turkish:"şifrelenmiş ve şifrelenmemiş anahtarlar",Vietnamese:"khóa được mã hóa và khoá không được mã hóa",Arabic:"المفاتيح المشفرة مقابل غير المشفرة","Traditional Chinese":"加密金鑰 VS 未加密金鑰",Dutch:"sleutels met of zonder encryptie",Greek:"κρυπτογραφημένα έναντι μη κρυπτογραφημένων κλειδιών",Hindi:"एन्क्रिप्टेड बनाम अनएन्क्रिप्टेड कीज़ (keys)",Hungarian:"titkosított vs. titkosítatlan kulcsok",Japanese:"暗号化鍵 vs 非暗号化鍵",Polish:"Klucze zaszyfrowane i niezaszyfrowane",Ukrainian:"зашифровані проти незашифрованих ключів"}},encryption:{term:"encryption",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Encrpytion, literally 'in a hidden place', is the art and science of encoding information to control who can read it, or how it is to be read. Encryption occurs in natural (human) languages, as well as in machine and computer languages. Highly complex, and therefore difficult to decipher, encryption is an essential element enabling blockchain networks to be simultaneously public and secure.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"encryption","Simplified Chinese":"加密",French:"Chiffrement",German:"Verschlüsselung",Indonesian:"enkripsi",Italian:"Crittografia",Korean:"암호화",Persian:"رمزگذاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"criptografia",Russian:"шифрование",Spanish:"cifrado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pag-encrypt",Thai:"การเข้ารหัส",Turkish:"şifreleme",Vietnamese:"mã hóa",Arabic:"التشفير","Traditional Chinese":"加密",Dutch:"encryptie/versleuteling",Greek:"κρυπτογράφηση",Hindi:"एन्क्रिप्शन",Hungarian:"titkosítás",Japanese:"暗号化",Polish:"Szyfrowanie",Ukrainian:"шифрування"}},ENS:{term:"ENS",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Ethereum Name Service is a protocol, managed by a DAO, which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to Ethereum addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet's DNS.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ENS","Simplified Chinese":"ENS（Ethereum 域名服务）",French:"ENS (service de nomination Ethereum)",German:"ENS",Indonesian:"ENS",Italian:"ENS",Korean:"ENS",Persian:"ENS","Brazilian Portuguese":"ENS",Russian:"ENS",Spanish:"ENS","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ENS",Thai:"ENS",Turkish:"ENS",Vietnamese:"ENS",Arabic:"بروتوكول ENS","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊域名服務",Dutch:"ENS",Greek:"ENS",Hindi:"ENS",Hungarian:"ENS",Japanese:"ENS",Polish:"ENS",Ukrainian:"ENS"}},"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)":{term:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A group of Ethereum core developers, startups, and large companies working together to commercialize and use Ethereum for different business applications. Website here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)","Simplified Chinese":"企业 Ethereum 联盟（EEA）",French:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",German:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Indonesian:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Italian:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Korean:"엔터프라이즈 Ethereum 얼라이언스(EEA)",Persian:"‏اتحاد سازمانی اتریوم (EEA)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Russian:"Альянс разработчиков Ethereum (EEA)",Spanish:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Thai:"กลุ่มพันธมิตร Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Turkish:"Kurumsal Ethereum İttifakı (EEA)",Vietnamese:"Liên minh Doanh nghiệp Ethereum (EEA)",Arabic:"تحالف Ethereum للمؤسسات (EEA)","Traditional Chinese":"企業以太坊聯盟",Dutch:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Greek:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Hindi:"एंटरप्राइज़ एथेरियम एलायंस (EEA)",Hungarian:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Japanese:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Polish:"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)",Ukrainian:"Альянс корпоративного ефіру (EEA)"}},entropy:{term:"entropy",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of cryptography, 'entropy' refers to 'randomness'; generally, the more random something is (the more entropy it has), the more secure it is.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"entropy","Simplified Chinese":"熵",French:"entropie",German:"Entropie",Indonesian:"entropi",Italian:"entropia",Korean:"엔트로피",Persian:"بی‌نظمی","Brazilian Portuguese":"entropia",Russian:"энтропия",Spanish:"entropía","Filipino (Tagalog)":"entropy",Thai:"เอนโทรปี",Turkish:"entropi",Vietnamese:"độ hỗn loạn",Arabic:"إنتروبيا","Traditional Chinese":"熵",Dutch:"entropie",Greek:"εντροπία",Hindi:"एन्ट्रॉपी",Hungarian:"entrópia",Japanese:"エントロピー",Polish:"Entropia",Ukrainian:"ентропія"}},epoch:{term:"epoch",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An epoch, in general, is a measure of time, or of blockchain progression, on a given blockchain. In Ethereum Proof of Stake, an epoch consists of 32 slots, each lasting 12 seconds, for a total of 6.4 minutes per epoch. There is additional functionality built upon the epoch measure in the Beacon Chain to help ensure security and proper operation of the Chain.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"epoch","Simplified Chinese":"时段",French:"epoch",German:"Epoche",Indonesian:"epok",Italian:"epoch",Korean:"에폭",Persian:"دوره زمانی/ایپاک","Brazilian Portuguese":"época",Russian:"эпоха",Spanish:"época","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kapanahunan",Thai:"อีพอกช์",Turkish:"epoch",Vietnamese:"epoch",Arabic:"حقبة","Traditional Chinese":"時期",Dutch:"epoch",Greek:"χρονική σήμανση",Hindi:"एपोच (epoch)",Hungarian:"korszak",Japanese:"エポック",Polish:"Epoka",Ukrainian:"епоха"}},ERC:{term:"ERC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ethereum Request for Comment, or ERC, is a bit of a misnomer, as it is used to refer to suggestions for modifications that have already made it through the Ethereum Improvement Protocol (EIP) process and have been made standard on Ethereum. An ERC is, essentially, a set of standards for a given operation or topic on the Ethereum network. The authoritative list can be found here.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"ERC","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）",French:"ERC",German:"ERC",Indonesian:"ERC",Italian:"ERC",Korean:"ERC",Persian:"ERC","Brazilian Portuguese":"ERC",Russian:"ERC",Spanish:"ERC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ERC",Thai:"ERC",Turkish:"ERC",Vietnamese:"ERC",Arabic:"معيار ERC","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊提案請求",Dutch:"ERC",Greek:"ERC",Hindi:"ERC",Hungarian:"ERC",Japanese:"ERC",Polish:"ERC",Ukrainian:"ERC"}},"ERC-1155":{term:"ERC-1155",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token standard for creating semi-fungible tokens, meaning you can launch both fungible and non-fungible tokens within a single smart contract.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-1155","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-1155",French:"ERC-1155",German:"ERC-1155",Indonesian:"ERC-1155",Italian:"ERC-1155",Korean:"ERC-1155",Persian:"ERC-1155","Brazilian Portuguese":"ERC-1155",Russian:"ERC-1155",Spanish:"ERC-1155","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ERC-1155",Thai:"ERC-1155",Turkish:"ERC-1155",Vietnamese:"ERC-1155",Arabic:"ERC-1155","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-1155",Dutch:"ERC-1155",Greek:"ERC-1155",Hindi:"ERC-1155",Hungarian:"ERC-1155",Japanese:"ERC-1155",Polish:"ERC-1155",Ukrainian:"ERC-1155"}},"ERC-20 Token Standard":{term:"ERC-20 Token Standard",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ERC is the abbreviation for Ethereum Request for Comment and is followed by the assignment number of the standard. ERC-20 is a technical standard for smart contracts which is used to issue the majority of tokens (in particular, cryptocurrency tokens) extant on Ethereum. This list of rules states the requirements that a token must fulfill to be compliant and function within the Ethereum network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-20 Token Standard","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-20 代币标准",French:"Norme de jeton ERC-20",German:"ERC-20 Token-Standard",Indonesian:"Token Standar ERC-20",Italian:"Standard ERC-20",Korean:"ERC-20 토큰 표준",Persian:"استاندارد توکن ERC-20","Brazilian Portuguese":"Padrão de token ERC-20",Russian:"Стандарт токенов ERC-20",Spanish:"token estándar ERC-20","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamantayan ng Token ng ERC-20",Thai:"มาตรฐานโทเค็น ERC-20",Turkish:"ERC-20 Token Standardı",Vietnamese:"Tiêu chuẩn Token ERC-20",Arabic:"معيار توكِنّ ERC-20","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-20 代幣標準",Dutch:"ERC-20 Token Standard",Greek:"ERC-20 Τυπικό Συμβολικό Νόμισμα",Hindi:"ERC-20 Token Standard",Hungarian:"ERC-20 token szabvány",Japanese:"ERC-20 トークン規格",Polish:"Standard tokena ERC-20",Ukrainian:"Стандарт токенів ERC-20"}},"ERC-721":{term:"ERC-721",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ERC-721 Token Standard Another standard for Ethereum smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a non-fungible token: this is the standard that created what we all now know as an NFT. This token standard is used to represent a unique digital asset that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ERC-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-721","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-721",French:"ERC-721",German:"ERC-721",Indonesian:"ERC-721",Italian:"ERC-721",Korean:"ERC-721",Persian:"ERC-721","Brazilian Portuguese":"ERC-721",Russian:"ERC-721",Spanish:"ERC-721","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ERC-721",Thai:"ERC-721",Turkish:"ERC-721",Vietnamese:"ERC-721",Arabic:"ERC-721","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-721",Dutch:"ERC-721",Greek:"ERC-721",Hindi:"ERC-721",Hungarian:"ERC-721",Japanese:"ERC-721",Polish:"ERC-721",Ukrainian:"ERC-721"}},"ERC-721 Token Standard":{term:"ERC-721 Token Standard",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ERC-721 Token Standard A standard for Ethereum smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a non-fungible token: this is the standard that created what we all now know as an NFT. This token standard is used to represent a unique digital asset that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ERC-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ERC-721 Token Standard","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 征求修正意见书（ERC）-721 代币标准",French:"Norme de jeton ERC-721",German:"ERC-721 Token-Standard",Indonesian:"Token Standar ERC-721",Italian:"Standard ERC-721",Korean:"ERC-721 토큰 표준",Persian:"استاندارد توکن ERC-721","Brazilian Portuguese":"Padrão de token ERC-721",Russian:"Стандарт токенов ERC-721",Spanish:"token estándar ERC-721","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamantayan ng Token ng ERC-21",Thai:"มาตรฐานโทเค็น ERC-721",Turkish:"ERC-721 Token Standardı",Vietnamese:"Tiêu chuẩn Token ERC-721",Arabic:"معيار توكِنّ ERC-721","Traditional Chinese":"ERC-721 代幣標準",Dutch:"ERC-721 Token Standard",Greek:"ERC-721 Τυπικό Συμβολικό Νόμισμα",Hindi:"ERC-721 Token Standard",Hungarian:"ERC-721 token szabvány",Japanese:"ERC-721 トークン規格",Polish:"Standard tokena ERC-721",Ukrainian:"Стандарт токенів ERC-721"}},ETH:{term:"ETH",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'ether'",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ETH","Simplified Chinese":"ETH",French:"ETH",German:"ETH",Indonesian:"ETH",Italian:"ETH",Korean:"ETH",Persian:"ETH","Brazilian Portuguese":"ETH",Russian:"ETH",Spanish:"ETH","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ETH",Thai:"ETH",Turkish:"ETH",Vietnamese:"ETH",Arabic:"ETH","Traditional Chinese":"以太幣",Dutch:"ETH",Greek:"ETH",Hindi:"ETH",Hungarian:"ETH",Japanese:"ETH",Polish:"ETH",Ukrainian:"ETH"}},"ether (denominations)":{term:"ether (denominations)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"There are a number of denominations of the currency we know as 'ether' or ETH; for the definitive explanation, see the original Ethereum Homestead documentation Ethereum Homestead documentation here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ether (denominations)","Simplified Chinese":"以太币（面额）",French:"ether (dénominations)",German:"Ether (Denominationen)",Indonesian:"ether (denominations)",Italian:"ether (denominazioni)",Korean:"에테르(단위)",Persian:"اتر (نام‌گذاری‌ها)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ether (denominações)",Russian:"эфир (номиналы)",Spanish:"ether (denominaciones)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ether (mga denominasyon)",Thai:"อีเทอร์",Turkish:"ether (değerler)",Vietnamese:"ether (mệnh giá)",Arabic:"إيثر","Traditional Chinese":"以太幣",Dutch:"ether (denominaties)",Greek:"ether (denominations)",Hindi:"ईथर (ether) (डीनॉमिनेशन्स)",Hungarian:"éter",Japanese:"ether",Polish:"Ether (nominały)",Ukrainian:"ефір (номінали)"}},"ether (ETH)":{term:"ether (ETH)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ether is the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain network. Ether—also referred to as ETH (pronounced with a long “e”, like “teeth” without the “t”)—functions as the fuel of the Ethereum ecosystem, by quantifying the work performed by the network, and as a form of payment for participants securing the network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ether (ETH)","Simplified Chinese":"以太币（ETH）",French:"ether (ETH)",German:"Ether (ETH)",Indonesian:"ether (ETH)",Italian:"ether (ETH)",Korean:"에테르(ETH)",Persian:"اتر (ETH)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ether (ETH)",Russian:"эфир (ETH)",Spanish:"ether (ETH)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ether (ETH)",Thai:"อีเทอร์ (ETH)",Turkish:"ether (ETH)",Vietnamese:"ether (ETH)",Arabic:"إيثر (ETH)","Traditional Chinese":"以太幣",Dutch:"ether (ETH)",Greek:"ether (ETH)",Hindi:"ईथर (ether) (ETH)",Hungarian:"éter (ETH)",Japanese:"イーサ",Polish:"Ether (ETH)",Ukrainian:"ефір (ETH)"}},Ethereum:{term:"Ethereum",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A public blockchain network and decentralized software platform upon which developers build and run applications. As it is a proper noun, it should always be capitalized.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum",French:"Ethereum",German:"Ethereum",Indonesian:"Ethereum",Italian:"Ethereum",Korean:"Ethereum",Persian:"اتریوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ethereum",Russian:"Ethereum",Spanish:"Ethereum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum",Thai:"Ethereum",Turkish:"Ethereum",Vietnamese:"Ethereum",Arabic:"Ethereum","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊",Dutch:"Ethereum",Greek:"Ethereum",Hindi:"Ethereum",Hungarian:"Ethereum",Japanese:"Ethereum",Polish:"Ethereum",Ukrainian:"Ethereum"}},"Ethereum 2.0":{term:"Ethereum 2.0",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"a.k.a The Merge Finalized in September 2022, the Merge was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning Ethereum from a Proof of Work consensus model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the network live. This was successful, and reduced the network’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum 2.0","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 2.0",French:"Ethereum 2.0",German:"Ethereum 2.0",Indonesian:"Ethereum 2.0",Italian:"Ethereum 2.0",Korean:"Ethereum 2.0",Persian:"اتریوم 2.0","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ethereum 2.0",Russian:"Ethereum 2.0",Spanish:"Ethereum 2.0","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum 2.0",Thai:"Ethereum 2.0",Turkish:"Ethereum 2.0",Vietnamese:"Ethereum 2.0",Arabic:"Ethereum 2.0","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊 2.0",Dutch:"Ethereum 2.0",Greek:"Ethereum 2.0",Hindi:"Ethereum 2.0",Hungarian:"Ethereum 2.0",Japanese:"Ethereum 2.0",Polish:"Ethereum 2.0",Ukrainian:"Ethereum 2.0"}},"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)":{term:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the Ethereum network functions as a whole; the official repository is here. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, EIP-1559. Keep in mind that as it is an iterative, lengthy process, some EIPs never get fully approved, and some do, and many end up somewhere in a gray area of 'partially implemented'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 改进提议（EIP）",French:"Propositions d’amélioration d’Ethereum (EIP)",German:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Indonesian:"Proposal Peningkatan Ethereum (EIP)",Italian:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Korean:"Ethereum 개선 제안(EIP)",Persian:"پروتکل‌های بهبود اتریوم (EIP)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Proposta de melhoria da Ethereum (EIP)",Russian:"Предложение по улучшению Ethereum (EIP)",Spanish:"propuesta de mejora de Ethereum (EIP)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Thai:"ข้อเสนอการปรับปรุง Ethereum (EIP)",Turkish:"Ethereum Geliştirme Teklifi (EIP)",Vietnamese:"Đề xuất cải tiến Ethereum (EIP)",Arabic:"مقترحات تحسين الإثيريوم (EIP)","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊改進提案",Dutch:"EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal)",Greek:"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)",Hindi:"एथेरियम इम्प्रूवमेंट प्रपोज़ल (EIP)",Hungarian:"Ethereum javítási protokollok (EIP)",Japanese:"Ethereum 改善提案 (EIP)",Polish:"EIP – Ethereum Improvement Proposal (propozycja ulepszenia sieci Ethereum)",Ukrainian:"Пропозиція щодо вдосконалення Ethereum (EIP)"}},"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)":{term:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Ethereum Name Service is a protocol, managed by a DAO, which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to Ethereum addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet’s DNS.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 域名服务（ENS）",French:"Service de nomination Ethereum (ENS)",German:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Indonesian:"Layanan Nama Ethereum (ENS)",Italian:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Korean:"Ethereum 네임 서비스(ENS)",Persian:"سرویس نام اتریوم (ENS)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Serviço de nomes Ethereum (ENS)",Russian:"Служба имен Ethereum (ENS)",Spanish:"servicio de nombres de Ethereum (ENS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Thai:"เนมเซอร์วิส Ethereum (ENS)",Turkish:"Ethereum İsimlendirme Hizmeti (ENS)",Vietnamese:"Dịch vụ đăng ký tên miền trên Ethereum (ENS)",Arabic:"خدمة أسماء الإيثيريوم (ENS)","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊域名服務",Dutch:"ENS (Ethereum Name Service)",Greek:"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)",Hindi:"एथेरियम नेम सर्विस (ENS)",Hungarian:"Ethereum névszolgáltatás (ENS)",Japanese:"Ethereum ネームサービス (ENS)",Polish:"ENS – Ethereum Name Service (usługa nazw Ethereum)",Ukrainian:"Служба імен Ethereum (ENS)"}},"Ethereum Public Address":{term:"Ethereum Public Address",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum public address, also known as an Ethereum account address, is a string of 42 characters (including letters and numbers) that is used to receive or send Ethereum and other Ethereum-based tokens on the Ethereum network. Each Ethereum public address is unique and is associated with a private key that allows the owner of the address to sign and authorize transactions. The public address is derived from the private key using a mathematical algorithm, and it can be shared with others to receive payments or tokens. When sending Ethereum or tokens, users need to specify the recipient's public address as the destination for the transaction. Once the transaction is confirmed by the network, the Ethereum or tokens are transferred to the recipient's address.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Public Address","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 公钥",French:"Adresse publique Ethereum",German:"Öffentliche Ethereum-Adresse",Indonesian:"Alamat Publik Ethereum",Italian:"Indirizzo pubblico Ethereum",Korean:"Ethereum 퍼블릭 주소",Persian:"آدرس عمومی اتریوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Endereço público Ethereum",Russian:"Публичный адрес Ethereum",Spanish:"dirección pública de ethereum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pampublikong Address ng Ethereum",Thai:"ที่อยู่สาธารณะ Ethereum",Turkish:"Ethereum Genel Adresi",Vietnamese:"Địa chỉ công khai Ethereum",Arabic:"عنوان إيثريوم العام","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊收款地址",Dutch:"openbaar Ethereum-adres",Greek:"Δημόσια Διεύθυνση Ethereum",Hindi:"एथेरियम पब्लिक एड्रेस",Hungarian:"Ethereum nyilvános cím",Japanese:"Ethereum パブリックアドレス",Polish:"Adres publiczny Ethereum",Ukrainian:"Публічна адреса Ethereum"}},"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)":{term:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The EVM is a virtual machine that operates on the Ethereum network. It is Turing complete and allows anyone, anywhere to execute arbitrary EVM bytecode. All Ethereum nodes run on the EVM. It is home for smart contracts based on the Ethereum blockchain.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)","Simplified Chinese":"Ethereum 虚拟机（EVM）",French:"Machine virtuelle Ethereum (EVM)",German:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",Indonesian:"Mesin Virtual Ethereum (EVM)",Italian:"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",Korean:"Ethereum 가상 머신(EVM)",Persian:"ماشین مجازی اتریوم (EVM)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Máquina Virtual Ethereum (EVM)",Russian:"Виртуальная машина Ethereum (EVM)",Spanish:"máquina virtual de Ethereum (EVM)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)",Thai:"เครื่องมือจำลอง Ethereum (EVM)",Turkish:"Ethereum Sanal Makinesi (EVM)",Vietnamese:"Máy ảo Ethereum (EVM)",Arabic:"محرك إيثريوم الافتراضي (EVM)","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊虛擬機",Dutch:"EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine)",Greek:"Εικονική Μηχανή Ethereum (EVM)",Hindi:"एथेरियम वर्चुअल मशीन (EVM)",Hungarian:"Ethereum virtuális gép (EVM)",Japanese:"Ethereum 仮想マシン (EVM)",Polish:"EVM – Ethereum Virtual Machine (maszyna wirtualna Ethereum)",Ukrainian:"Віртуальна машина Ethereum (EVM)"}},Etherscan:{term:"Etherscan",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A popular website for analyzing activity on the Ethereum blockchain. See ‘blockchain explorer’. https://etherscan.io/",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Etherscan","Simplified Chinese":"Etherscan",French:"Etherscan",German:"Etherscan",Indonesian:"Etherscan",Italian:"Etherscan",Korean:"Etherscan",Persian:"EtherScan","Brazilian Portuguese":"Etherscan",Russian:"Etherscan",Spanish:"Etherscan","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Etherscan",Thai:"Etherscan",Turkish:"Etherscan",Vietnamese:"Etherscan",Arabic:"Etherscan","Traditional Chinese":"EtherScan",Dutch:"Etherscan",Greek:"Etherscan",Hindi:"Etherscan",Hungarian:"Etherscan",Japanese:"Etherscan",Polish:"Etherscan",Ukrainian:"EtherScan"}},EVM:{term:"EVM",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Ethereum Virtual Machine'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"EVM","Simplified Chinese":"EVM（Ethereum 虚拟机）",French:"EVM",German:"EVM",Indonesian:"EVM",Italian:"EVM",Korean:"EVM",Persian:"EVM","Brazilian Portuguese":"EVM",Russian:"EVM",Spanish:"EVM","Filipino (Tagalog)":"EVM",Thai:"EVM",Turkish:"EVM",Vietnamese:"EVM",Arabic:"EVM","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊虛擬機",Dutch:"EVM",Greek:"Εικονική Μηχανή Ethereum (EVM)",Hindi:"EVM",Hungarian:"EVM",Japanese:"EVM",Polish:"EVM",Ukrainian:"EVM"}},exchange:{term:"exchange",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A place to trade cryptocurrency. Centralized exchanges, operated by companies like Coinbase and Gemini, function as intermediaries, while decentralized exchanges do not have a central authority.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"exchange","Simplified Chinese":"交易所",French:"échange",German:"Börse",Indonesian:"bursa",Italian:"exchange",Korean:"거래소",Persian:"صرافی","Brazilian Portuguese":"corretora",Russian:"биржа",Spanish:"intercambio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"palitan",Thai:"ตลาดแลกเปลี่ยน",Turkish:"borsa",Vietnamese:"sàn giao dịch",Arabic:"بورصة","Traditional Chinese":"交易所",Dutch:"exchange/cryptobeurs",Greek:"ανταλλαγή",Hindi:"एक्सचेंज",Hungarian:"tőzsde",Japanese:"取引所",Polish:"Giełda",Ukrainian:"біржа"}},"Execution client":{term:"Execution client",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Execution clients are tasked with processing and broadcasting transactions, as well as with managing Ethereum's state. They run the computations for each transaction in the Ethereum Virtual Machine to ensure that the rules of the protocol are followed. Today, they also handle proof of work consensus. After the transition to proof of stake, they will delegate this to consensus clients.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Execution client","Simplified Chinese":"执行客户端",French:"Client d’exécution",German:"Ausführungs-Client",Indonesian:"Klien eksekusi",Italian:"Client di esecuzione",Korean:"실행 클라이언트",Persian:"کلاینت اجرا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cliente de execução",Russian:"Клиент-исполнитель",Spanish:"cliente de ejecución","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Kliyente sa pagpapatupad",Thai:"ไคลเอ็นต์ดำเนินการ",Turkish:"Yürütme istemcisi",Vietnamese:"Ứng dụng thực thi",Arabic:"عميل التنفيذ","Traditional Chinese":"執行客戶端",Dutch:"uitvoeringsclient",Greek:"Πελάτης εκτέλεσης",Hindi:"एक्सीक्यूशन क्लाइंट",Hungarian:"végrehajtási kliens",Japanese:"実行クライアント",Polish:"Klient wykonawczy",Ukrainian:"Виконавчий клієнт"}},"Execution layer":{term:"Execution layer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ethereum's execution layer is the network of execution clients.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Execution layer","Simplified Chinese":"执行层",French:"Couche d’exécution",German:"Ausführungs-Layer",Indonesian:"Layer eksekusi",Italian:"Layer di esecuzione",Korean:"실행 레이어",Persian:"لایه اجرا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada de execução",Russian:"Слой исполнения",Spanish:"capa de ejecución","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer ng pagpapatupad",Thai:"เลเยอร์ดำเนินการ",Turkish:"Yürütme katmanı",Vietnamese:"Lớp thực thi",Arabic:"طبقة التنفيذ","Traditional Chinese":"執行層",Dutch:"uitvoeringslaag",Greek:"Επίπεδο εκτέλεσης",Hindi:"एक्सीक्यूशन लेयर",Hungarian:"végrehajtási réteg",Japanese:"実行レイヤー",Polish:"Warstwa wykonawcza",Ukrainian:"Виконавчий рівень"}},"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)":{term:"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'private key'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' wallet. An extended private key, or xprv, is a private key which can be used to derive child private keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)","Simplified Chinese":"扩展密钥（XPRIV）",French:"Clé privée étendue (XPRIV)",German:"Erweiterter privater Schlüssel (XPRIV)",Indonesian:"Ekstensi Kunci Pribadi (XPRIV)",Italian:"Chiave privata estesa (XPRIV)",Korean:"확장 개인 키(XPRIV)",Persian:"کلیدخصوصی توسعه یافته (XPRIV)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chave privada estendida (XPRIV)",Russian:"Расширенный закрытый ключ (XPRIV)",Spanish:"clave privada extendida (XPRIV)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)",Thai:"คีย์ส่วนตัวแบบขยาย (XPRIV)",Turkish:"Genişletilmiş Özel Anahtar (XPRIV)",Vietnamese:"Khóa riêng mở rộng (XPRIV)",Arabic:"المفتاح الخاص الموسعّ (XPRIV)","Traditional Chinese":"擴展私鑰",Dutch:"XPRIV (Extended Private Key)",Greek:"Εκτεταμένο ιδιωτικό κλειδί (XPRIV)",Hindi:"एक्सटेंडेड प्राइवेट की (XPRIV)",Hungarian:"kiterjesztett privát kulcs (XPRIV)",Japanese:"拡張秘密鍵 (XPRIV)",Polish:"Rozszerzony klucz prywatny (XPRIV)",Ukrainian:"Розширений закритий ключ (XPRIV)"}},"Extended Public Key (XPUB)":{term:"Extended Public Key (XPUB)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'public key'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' wallet. An extended public key, or xpub, is a public key which can be used to derive child public keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Extended Public Key (XPUB)","Simplified Chinese":"扩展公钥（XPUB）",French:"Clé publique étendue (XPUB)",German:"Erweiterter öffentlicher Schlüssel (XPUB)",Indonesian:"Ekstensi Kunci Umum (XPUB)",Italian:"Chiave pubblica estesa (XPUB)",Korean:"확장된 공개키(XPUB)",Persian:"کلیدعمومی توسعه یافته (XPUB)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chave pública estendida (XPUB)",Russian:"Расширенный открытый ключ (XPUB)",Spanish:"clave pública extendida (XPUB)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extended Public Key (XPUB)",Thai:"คีย์สาธารณะแบบขยาย (XPUB)",Turkish:"Genişletilmiş Genel Anahtar (XPUB)",Vietnamese:"Khóa công khai mở rộng (XPUB)",Arabic:"المفتاح العام الموسعّ (XPUB)","Traditional Chinese":"擴展公鑰",Dutch:"XPUB (Extended Public Key)",Greek:"Εκτεταμένο δημόσιο κλειδί (XPUB)",Hindi:"एक्सटेंडेड पब्लिक की (XPUB)",Hungarian:"kiterjesztett nyilvános kulcs (XPUB)",Japanese:"拡張公開鍵 (XPUB)",Polish:"Rozszerzony klucz publiczny (XPUB)",Ukrainian:"Розширений відкритий ключ (XPUB)"}},Extension:{term:"Extension",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask is a web browser extension and mobile app that allows you to manage your Ethereum private keys. By doing so, it serves as a wallet for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, MetaMask keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your Secret Recovery Phrase or other private keys. You retain all power over your crypto-identity.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Extension","Simplified Chinese":"扩展程序",French:"Extension",German:"Erweiterung",Indonesian:"Ekstensi",Italian:"Estensione",Korean:"확장",Persian:"افزونه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Extensão",Russian:"Расширение",Spanish:"extensión","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extension",Thai:"ส่วนขยาย",Turkish:"Uzantı",Vietnamese:"Tiện ích mở rộng",Arabic:"امتداد","Traditional Chinese":"擴充套件",Dutch:"extensie",Greek:"Επέκταση",Hindi:"एक्सटेंशन",Hungarian:"kiterjesztés",Japanese:"拡張機能",Polish:"Rozszerzenie",Ukrainian:"Розширення"}},Fantom:{term:"Fantom",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Fantom is a public blockchain platform that aims to facilitate fast and low-cost transactions for dapps and smart contracts. It was launched in 2018 and is based on the Ethereum codebase, but with several key enhancements. One of the main features of Fantom is its consensus mechanism, known as Lachesis, which is a variant of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) that allows for high transaction throughput and low confirmation times. This means that transactions on the Fantom network can be processed quickly and at a low cost, making it an attractive platform for developers looking to build dApps that require fast and efficient transactions.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Fantom","Simplified Chinese":"Fantom",French:"Fantom",German:"Fantom",Indonesian:"Fantom",Italian:"Fantom",Korean:"Fantom",Persian:"فانتوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Fantom",Russian:"Fantom",Spanish:"Fantom","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Fantom",Thai:"Fantom",Turkish:"Fantom",Vietnamese:"Fantom",Arabic:"Fantom","Traditional Chinese":"Fantom",Dutch:"Fantom",Greek:"Fantom",Hindi:"Fantom",Hungarian:"Fantom",Japanese:"Fantom",Polish:"Fantom",Ukrainian:"Fantom"}},faucet:{term:"faucet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A faucet is an application, sometimes a very simple website, other times more complex, that dispenses cryptocurrency. While some networks, especially those in early launch stages, offer “real Mainnet” tokens via faucets, it is much more common for a faucet to be present on a test network, or testnet. These faucets are used by developers to test out dapps or smart contracts before deploying them on Ethereum Mainnet, or users who want to practice an action on the blockchain with no risk. Tokens dispensed by a test faucet stay on the test networks and cannot be exchanged for mainnet equivalents.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"faucet","Simplified Chinese":"水龙头",French:"faucet",German:"Faucet",Indonesian:"faucet",Italian:"faucet",Korean:"파우셋",Persian:"درآمد قطره‌ای","Brazilian Portuguese":"torneira",Russian:"кран",Spanish:"grifo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"faucet",Thai:"ฟอเซ็ต",Turkish:"musluk",Vietnamese:"vòi",Arabic:"صنبور العملة الرقمية","Traditional Chinese":"水龍頭",Dutch:"faucet",Greek:"faucet",Hindi:"फॉसेट (faucet)",Hungarian:"csap",Japanese:"フォーセット",Polish:"Kranik / faucet",Ukrainian:"збирач"}},"fiat currency":{term:"fiat currency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Government-issued currency. For example, US Dollars (USD), Euros (EUR), Yuan (CNY), and Yen (JPY).",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"fiat currency","Simplified Chinese":"法币",French:"devise fiat / monnaie fiat",German:"Fiat-Währung",Indonesian:"mata uang fiat",Italian:"moneta legale",Korean:"명목화폐",Persian:"ارز فیات","Brazilian Portuguese":"moeda fiduciária",Russian:"фиатная валюта",Spanish:"moneda fiduciaria","Filipino (Tagalog)":"fiat na salapi",Thai:"เงินเฟียต",Turkish:"fiat para",Vietnamese:"tiền pháp định",Arabic:"عملة ورقية","Traditional Chinese":"法定貨幣",Dutch:"fiatgeld/fiduciair geld",Greek:"παραστατικό χρήμα",Hindi:"फिएट करेंसी",Hungarian:"fiat valuta",Japanese:"法定通貨",Polish:"Waluta fiat / pieniądz fiducjarny",Ukrainian:"фіатна валюта"}},"final, finality":{term:"final, finality",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A transaction is considered 'final' once it can no longer be changed. In a sense, this happens once there are sufficient confirmations of the transaction, but for all intents and purposes, a transaction is final once the block that contains it is mined or validated. Keep in mind that this reflects a fundamental rule of blockchains: unlike traditional financial systems where charges can be 'reversed', there is no 'undoing' a transaction on the blockchain. Once finality is reached, the transaction is immutable.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"final, finality","Simplified Chinese":"最终性",French:"finale, finalité",German:"final, Finality",Indonesian:"final, finalitas",Italian:"finale, finality",Korean:"최종, 완결성",Persian:"قطعی، قطعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"final, finalização",Russian:"завершение, завершенность",Spanish:"final, finalidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wakas, pangwakas",Thai:"ยอดสรุปสุดท้าย",Turkish:"son, kesinlik",Vietnamese:"sau cùng, cuối cùng",Arabic:"نهائي، النهائية","Traditional Chinese":"最終",Dutch:"onwijzigbaar, finaliteit",Greek:"τελειωτικός διακανονισμός με βεβαιότητα, βεβαιότητα",Hindi:"फाइनल, फाइनलिटी",Hungarian:"végleges, véglegesség",Japanese:"確定, ファイナリティ",Polish:"Ostateczność, nieodwołalność",Ukrainian:"остаточна, остаточність"}},"Finality Rate":{term:"Finality Rate",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'finality'",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Finality Rate","Simplified Chinese":"最终性概率",French:"Taux de finalité",German:"Finality Rate",Indonesian:"Nilai Finalitas",Italian:"Finality Rate",Korean:"완결율",Persian:"نرخ قطعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa de finalização",Russian:"Коэффициент завершенности",Spanish:"velocidad de finalidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rate ng Pangwakas",Thai:"อัตราสุดท้าย",Turkish:"Kesinlik Oranı",Vietnamese:"Tỷ lệ cuối cùng",Arabic:"معدل النهائية","Traditional Chinese":"最終率",Dutch:"snelheid van finaliteit",Greek:"Χρέωση βεβαιότητας",Hindi:"फाइनलिटी रेट",Hungarian:"véglegességi arány",Japanese:"ファイナリティの速度",Polish:"Ostateczność rozrachunku",Ukrainian:"Коефіцієнт остаточності"}},"financial technology (FinTech)":{term:"financial technology (FinTech)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The integration of technology into offerings by financial services companies in order to improve their use and delivery to consumers.",termCategory:"Financial term",i18n:{Term:"financial technology (FinTech)","Simplified Chinese":"金融科技（FinTech）",French:"technologie financière (FinTech)",German:"Finanztechnologie (FinTech)",Indonesian:"teknologi keuangan (FinTech)",Italian:"tecnologia finanziaria (FinTech)",Korean:"금융 기술(핀테크)",Persian:"فناوری مالی (فین‌تک)","Brazilian Portuguese":"tecnologia financeira (FinTech)",Russian:"финансовые технологии (финтех)",Spanish:"tecnología financiera (fintech)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"financial technology (FinTech)",Thai:"เทคโนโลยีทางการเงิน (FinTech)",Turkish:"finansal teknoloji (FinTech)",Vietnamese:"công nghệ tài chính (FinTech)",Arabic:"التكنولوجيا المالية (FinTech)","Traditional Chinese":"金融科技",Dutch:"fintech (financiële technologie)",Greek:"χρηματοοικονομική τεχνολογία (FinTech)",Hindi:"फाइनेंशियल टेक्नोलॉजी (FinTech)",Hungarian:"pénzügyi technológia (FinTech)",Japanese:"フィンテック (FinTech)",Polish:"Technologie finansowe (FinTech)",Ukrainian:"фінансові технології (FinTech)"}},finney:{term:"finney",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A denomination of ether. See ether (denomination).",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"finney","Simplified Chinese":"芬尼",French:"finney",German:"Finney",Indonesian:"finney",Italian:"finney",Korean:"피니",Persian:"فینی","Brazilian Portuguese":"finney",Russian:"finney",Spanish:"finney","Filipino (Tagalog)":"finney",Thai:"ฟินนี่",Turkish:"finney",Vietnamese:"finney",Arabic:"فيني","Traditional Chinese":"芬尼",Dutch:"finney",Greek:"FinTech (χρηματοοικονομική τεχνολογία)",Hindi:"finney",Hungarian:"finney",Japanese:"finney",Polish:"Finney",Ukrainian:"фінні"}},Firefox:{term:"Firefox",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Internet browser.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Firefox","Simplified Chinese":"Firefox",French:"Firefox",German:"Firefox",Indonesian:"Firefox",Italian:"Firefox",Korean:"파이어폭스",Persian:"فایرفاکس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Firefox",Russian:"Firefox",Spanish:"Firefox","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Firefox",Thai:"Firefox",Turkish:"Firefox",Vietnamese:"Firefox",Arabic:"فيَرفُكس","Traditional Chinese":"火狐",Dutch:"Firefox",Greek:"Firefox",Hindi:"Firefox",Hungarian:"Firefox",Japanese:"Firefox",Polish:"Firefox",Ukrainian:"Firefox"}},Firewall:{term:"Firewall",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Firewall","Simplified Chinese":"防火墙",French:"Pare-feu",German:"Firewall",Indonesian:"Firewall",Italian:"Firewall",Korean:"방화벽",Persian:"فایروال","Brazilian Portuguese":"Firewall",Russian:"Брандмауэр",Spanish:"cortafuegos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Firewall",Thai:"ไฟร์วอลล์",Turkish:"Güvenlik duvarı",Vietnamese:"Tường lửa",Arabic:"جدار الحماية","Traditional Chinese":"防火牆",Dutch:"firewall",Greek:"Τείχος προστασίας",Hindi:"Firefox",Hungarian:"tűzfal",Japanese:"ファイアウォール",Polish:"Firewall / zapora sieciowa",Ukrainian:"Брандмауер"}},Flask:{term:"Flask",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Flask is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the MetaMask team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of MetaMask has. What is MetaMask Flask, and how is it different from normal MetaMask",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Flask","Simplified Chinese":"Flask",French:"Flask",German:"Flask",Indonesian:"Flask",Italian:"Flask",Korean:"Flask",Persian:"فلسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Flask",Russian:"Flask",Spanish:"Flask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Flask",Thai:"Flask",Turkish:"Flask",Vietnamese:"Flask",Arabic:"Flask","Traditional Chinese":"試驗場",Dutch:"Flask",Greek:"Flask",Hindi:"Flask",Hungarian:"Flask",Japanese:"Flask",Polish:"Flask",Ukrainian:"Flask"}},fork:{term:"fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Forking' is a term that comes from the world of collaborative software development, and refers to the action of copying an existing application or set of code and modifying it to create an alternate version. At the blockchain protocol level, a 'fork' creates an alternative version of a blockchain. Forks are often enacted intentionally to apply upgrades to a network. Soft Forks render two chains with some compatibility, while Hard Forks create a new version of the chain that must be adopted to continue participation. In the instance of a contentious Hard Fork, this can create two versions of a blockchain network. See also 'hard fork'.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"fork","Simplified Chinese":"分叉",French:"fork",German:"Fork",Indonesian:"fork",Italian:"fork",Korean:"포크",Persian:"فورک","Brazilian Portuguese":"bifurcação",Russian:"форк",Spanish:"bifurcación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"fork",Thai:"แยก",Turkish:"çatal",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh",Arabic:"انقسام (فورك)","Traditional Chinese":"分叉",Dutch:"fork",Greek:"fork",Hindi:"फोर्क (fork)",Hungarian:"villa",Japanese:"フォーク",Polish:"Fork (podział łańcucha)",Ukrainian:"форк"}},"Fractional Ownership":{term:"Fractional Ownership",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of NFT ownership: A fractional NFT (F-NFT) is an entire NFT broken into smaller fragments, allowing several people to claim ownership of a piece of the same NFT. Fractional NFTs",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Fractional Ownership","Simplified Chinese":"部分所有权",French:"Propriété fractionnée",German:"Fractional Ownership",Indonesian:"Kepemilikan Fraksional",Italian:"Multiproprietà",Korean:"부분 소유권",Persian:"مالکیت درصدی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Propriedade fracionada",Russian:"Долевое владение",Spanish:"titularidad fraccionaria","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Fractional na Pagmamay-ari",Thai:"การถือครองกรรมสิทธิ์แบบสัดส่วน",Turkish:"Fraksiyonel Sahiplik",Vietnamese:"Phân quyền sở hữu",Arabic:"ملكية جزئية","Traditional Chinese":"持分所有權",Dutch:"fractioneel eigendom",Greek:"Κλασματική ιδιοκτησία",Hindi:"फ्रैक्शनल ओनरशिप",Hungarian:"töredéktulajdon",Japanese:"部分的所有",Polish:"Własność częściowa",Ukrainian:"Дробове володіння"}},"Fraud proof":{term:"Fraud proof",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A security model for certain layer 2 solutions where, to increase speed, transactions are rolled up into batches and submitted to Ethereum in a single transaction. They are assumed valid but can be challenged if fraud is suspected. A fraud proof will then run the transaction to see if fraud took place. This method increases the amount of transactions possible while maintaining security.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Fraud proof","Simplified Chinese":"欺诈证明",French:"Preuve de fraude",German:"Betrugssicher",Indonesian:"Bukti Penipuan",Italian:"A prova di frode",Korean:"사기 증명",Persian:"اثبات تقلب","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de fraude",Russian:"Доказательство мошенничества",Spanish:"a prueba de fraude","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Katibayan ng panloloko",Thai:"การตรวจสอบแบบไม่ไว้ใจ",Turkish:"Dolandırıcılık kanıtı",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng gian lận",Arabic:"إثبات الاحتيال","Traditional Chinese":"欺詐證明",Dutch:"fraudebestendig",Greek:"Θωράκιση κατά της απάτης.",Hindi:"फ्रॉड प्रूफ",Hungarian:"csalás bizonyíték",Japanese:"不正証明",Polish:"Ochrona przed nadużyciami (Fraud proof)",Ukrainian:"Доказ шахрайства"}},"full node":{term:"full node",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Public blockchains consist of a network of computers which sync the network's data, coordinate transaction requests, and participate in consensus regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a 'node'. A full node is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific blockchain. In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” node does not download all pieces of a blockchain’s data, and uses a different validation process.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"full node","Simplified Chinese":"全节点",French:"nœud complet",German:"Full Node",Indonesian:"node penuh",Italian:"nodo completo",Korean:"전체 노드",Persian:"نود کامل","Brazilian Portuguese":"full node",Russian:"полный узел",Spanish:"nodo completo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ganap na node",Thai:"โหนดเต็ม",Turkish:"tam düğüm",Vietnamese:"nút hoàn chỉnh",Arabic:"عُقدة كاملة","Traditional Chinese":"完整節點",Dutch:"full node",Greek:"πλήρης κόμβος",Hindi:"फुल नोड",Hungarian:"teljes csomópont",Japanese:"フルノード",Polish:"Pełny węzeł",Ukrainian:"повний вузол"}},Ganache:{term:"Ganache",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ganache is a personal blockchain for Ethereum development that developers can use to deploy contracts, develop applications, and run tests. It is part of the Truffle Suite ecosystem.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Ganache","Simplified Chinese":"Ganache",French:"Ganache",German:"Ganache",Indonesian:"Ganache",Italian:"Ganache",Korean:"가나슈",Persian:"گاناش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ganache",Russian:"Ganache",Spanish:"Ganache","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ganache",Thai:"Ganache",Turkish:"Ganache",Vietnamese:"Ganache",Arabic:"Ganache","Traditional Chinese":"Ganache",Dutch:"Ganache",Greek:"Ganache",Hindi:"Ganache",Hungarian:"Ganache",Japanese:"Ganache",Polish:"Ganache",Ukrainian:"Ganache"}},gas:{term:"gas",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A measure of the computational steps required for a transaction on the Ethereum network. This then equates to a fee for network users paid in small units of ETH specified as gwei. For more on gas, see MetaMask’s user guide here: User Guide: Gas",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"gas","Simplified Chinese":"燃料",French:"gaz",German:"Gas",Indonesian:"gas",Italian:"gas",Korean:"가스",Persian:"گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"gás",Russian:"газ",Spanish:"gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"gas",Thai:"แก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz",Vietnamese:"gas",Arabic:"رسوم المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"gas",Dutch:"gas",Greek:"gas",Hindi:"गैस",Hungarian:"gáz",Japanese:"ガス",Polish:"Gaz",Ukrainian:"газ"}},"gas fee":{term:"gas fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Gas fee refers to the transaction fee on the blockchain. It is what users pay to get their transaction validated, or completed.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"gas fee","Simplified Chinese":"燃料费",French:"frais de gaz",German:"Gas-Gebühr",Indonesian:"biaya gas",Italian:"commissione del gas",Korean:"가스비",Persian:"کارمزد گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"taxa de gás",Russian:"плата за газ",Spanish:"tarifa de gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bayad sa gas",Thai:"ค่าแก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz ücreti",Vietnamese:"phí gas",Arabic:"رسوم معاملات الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"礦工費",Dutch:"transactiekosten/gas fee",Greek:"gas fee",Hindi:"गैस फीस",Hungarian:"gázdíj",Japanese:"ガス代",Polish:"Opłata za gaz",Ukrainian:"комісія за газ"}},"gas limit":{term:"gas limit",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The gas limit is the maximum amount you’re willing to pay for any given transaction to go through the Ethereum network. Another way of looking at it is as a “rough estimate” of how much computing power your transaction will take.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"gas limit","Simplified Chinese":"燃料限制",French:"limite de gaz",German:"Gas-Limit",Indonesian:"batas gas",Italian:"limite di gas",Korean:"가스 한도",Persian:"حداکثر میزان گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"limite de gás",Russian:"лимит газа",Spanish:"límite de gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"limitasyon ng gas",Thai:"ขีดจำกัดค่าแก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz limiti",Vietnamese:"hạn mức phí gas",Arabic:"حد رسوم معاملات الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"gas 限制",Dutch:"maximale transactiekosten/gas limit",Greek:"gas limit",Hindi:"गैस लिमिट",Hungarian:"gázkorlát",Japanese:"ガスリミット",Polish:"Limit gazu",Ukrainian:"ліміт газу"}},"gas price":{term:"gas price",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The gas price is what it sounds like: the cost the network is paid for the computational work being performed in a given transaction. It is paid in units of ETH called gwei. Depending on network congestion, the gas price may vary significantly.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"gas price","Simplified Chinese":"燃料价格",French:"prix du gaz",German:"Gas-Preis",Indonesian:"harga gas",Italian:"prezzo gas",Korean:"가스 가격",Persian:"قیمت گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"preço do gás",Russian:"цена газа",Spanish:"precio del gas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"presyo ng gas",Thai:"ราคาแก๊ส",Turkish:"gaz fiyatı",Vietnamese:"giá gas",Arabic:"سعر رسوم المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"gas 價格",Dutch:"gas price",Greek:"gas price",Hindi:"गैस प्राइस",Hungarian:"gázár",Japanese:"ガス価格",Polish:"Cena gazu",Ukrainian:"ціна на газ"}},"Gas Station Network":{term:"Gas Station Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Gas Station Network (GSN) is a decentralized network of relayers mainly referring to the Ethereum blockchain. It allows you to build dapps which provide payment for transactions, so users do not need to hold Ether or ETH to pay for gas, easing their onboarding process and improving user acquisition and experience. However, while the relayers in the GSN do not charge users, they charge the recipient and contract instead. In this way, the relayers recover the costs of transactions and profit from extra fees for providing such services. Originally conceived and designed by TabooKey, the GSN has grown to encompass many companies, protocols and platforms in the Ethereum ecosystem that wish to facilitate the onboarding of users to Ethereum applications. Gas Station Network",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Gas Station Network","Simplified Chinese":"Gas Station Network",French:"Gas Station Network",German:"Gas Station Network",Indonesian:"Gas Station Network",Italian:"Gas Station Network",Korean:"가스 스테이션 네트워크",Persian:"شبکه ایستگاه گس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Gas Station Network",Russian:"Gas Station Network",Spanish:"Gas Station Network","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Gas Station Network",Thai:"เครือข่ายจัดหาแก๊ส",Turkish:"Gas Station Network",Vietnamese:"Gas Station Network",Arabic:"شبكة محطة رسوم المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"Gas Station Network",Dutch:"Gas Station Network",Greek:"Gas Station Network",Hindi:"Gas Station Network",Hungarian:"töltőállomás hálózat",Japanese:"Gas Station Network",Polish:"Gas Station Network",Ukrainian:"Мережа заправних станцій (GSN)"}},"genesis block":{term:"genesis block",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The initial block of data computed in the history of a blockchain network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"genesis block","Simplified Chinese":"创世区块",French:"bloc initial",German:"Genesis Block",Indonesian:"block genesis",Italian:"blocco di genesi",Korean:"제네시스블록",Persian:"بلاک اولیه","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco de gênese",Russian:"нулевой блок",Spanish:"bloque génesis","Filipino (Tagalog)":"genesis block",Thai:"บล็อกแรก",Turkish:"genesis blok",Vietnamese:"khối genesis",Arabic:"كتلة التكوين","Traditional Chinese":"創世區塊",Dutch:"genesisblok",Greek:"genesis block",Hindi:"जेनेसिस ब्लॉक",Hungarian:"genezis blokk",Japanese:"ジェネシスブロック",Polish:"Blok Genesis",Ukrainian:"генезис-блок"}},Gigawei:{term:"Gigawei",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Gwei is a unit of ether, the smallest denomination, which stands for gigawei (or 1,000,000,000). Gwei is used for gas fees, or rather payments made by users to compensate for the computing energy required to process and validate transactions on the Ethereum blockchain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Gigawei","Simplified Chinese":"Gigawei",French:"Gigawei",German:"Gigawei",Indonesian:"Gigawei",Italian:"Gigawei",Korean:"기가웨이",Persian:"گیگاوی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Gigawei",Russian:"Гигавей",Spanish:"gigawei","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Gigawei",Thai:"กิกะเวย์",Turkish:"Gigawei",Vietnamese:"Gigawei",Arabic:"جيجاوي (Gigawei)","Traditional Chinese":"Gigawei",Dutch:"gigawei",Greek:"Gigawei",Hindi:"Gigawei",Hungarian:"Gigawei",Japanese:"ギガウェイ",Polish:"Gigawei",Ukrainian:"Гігавай"}},Gitcoin:{term:"Gitcoin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Gitcoin is a platform where coders and developers can get paid to work on open-source software in a wide variety of programming languages. Users can also submit their own project ideas to the Gitcoin platform in order to crowdsource funding from contributing donors. Gitcoin",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Gitcoin","Simplified Chinese":"Gitcoin",French:"Gitcoin",German:"Gitcoin",Indonesian:"Gitcoin",Italian:"Gitcoin",Korean:"깃코인",Persian:"گیت‌کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Gitcoin",Russian:"Gitcoin",Spanish:"Gitcoin","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Gitcoin",Thai:"Gitcoin",Turkish:"Gitcoin",Vietnamese:"Gitcoin",Arabic:"Gitcoin","Traditional Chinese":"Gitcoin",Dutch:"Gitcoin",Greek:"Gitcoin",Hindi:"Gitcoin",Hungarian:"Gitcoin",Japanese:"Gitcoin",Polish:"Gitcoin",Ukrainian:"Gitcoin"}},GitHub:{term:"GitHub",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"GitHub is an online software development platform. It's used for storing, tracking, and collaborating on software projects. It makes it easy for developers to share code files and collaborate with fellow developers on open-source projects. GitHub also serves as a social networking site where developers can openly network, collaborate, and pitch their work. GitHub",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"GitHub","Simplified Chinese":"GitHub",French:"GitHub",German:"GitHub",Indonesian:"GitHub",Italian:"GitHub",Korean:"GitHub",Persian:"گیت‌هاب","Brazilian Portuguese":"GitHub",Russian:"GitHub",Spanish:"GitHub","Filipino (Tagalog)":"GitHub",Thai:"GitHub",Turkish:"GitHub",Vietnamese:"GitHub",Arabic:"جيت هب (GitHub)","Traditional Chinese":"GitHub",Dutch:"GitHub",Greek:"GitHub",Hindi:"GitHub",Hungarian:"GitHub",Japanese:"GitHub",Polish:"GitHub",Ukrainian:"GitHub"}},Goerli:{term:"Goerli",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Goerli is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the blockchain (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ETH on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to mainnet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Goerli","Simplified Chinese":"Goerli",French:"Goerli",German:"Goerli",Indonesian:"Goerli",Italian:"Goerli",Korean:"Goerli",Persian:"گوئرلی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Goerli",Russian:"Goerli",Spanish:"Goerli","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Goerli",Thai:"Goerli",Turkish:"Goerli",Vietnamese:"Goerli",Arabic:"Goerli","Traditional Chinese":"Goerli",Dutch:"Goerli",Greek:"Goerli",Hindi:"Goerli",Hungarian:"Goerli",Japanese:"Goerli",Polish:"Goerli",Ukrainian:"Goerli"}},Governance:{term:"Governance",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the world of cryptocurrencies, governance is defined as the people or organizations that have decision-making powers regarding the project. Governance is an essential aspect of all cryptocurrency projects. As decentralized blockchains, cryptocurrencies often have a very liberal governance structure. There are a number of different approaches to governance. Governance",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Governance","Simplified Chinese":"治理",French:"Gouvernance",German:"Governance",Indonesian:"Pengelola",Italian:"Governance",Korean:"거버넌스",Persian:"حاکمیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Governança",Russian:"Управление",Spanish:"gobernanza","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamamahala",Thai:"การกำกับ",Turkish:"Yönetişim",Vietnamese:"Quản trị",Arabic:"الحوكمة","Traditional Chinese":"治理",Dutch:"governance",Greek:"Διακυβέρνηση",Hindi:"Governance",Hungarian:"kormányzás",Japanese:"ガバナンス",Polish:"Zarządzanie",Ukrainian:"Управління"}},GSN:{term:"GSN",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Abbreviation for Gas Station Network",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"GSN","Simplified Chinese":"GSN",French:"GSN",German:"GSN",Indonesian:"GSN",Italian:"GSN",Korean:"GSN",Persian:"GSN","Brazilian Portuguese":"GSN",Russian:"GSN",Spanish:"GSN","Filipino (Tagalog)":"GSN",Thai:"GSN",Turkish:"GSN",Vietnamese:"GSN",Arabic:"GSN","Traditional Chinese":"Gas Station Network",Dutch:"GSN",Greek:"GSN",Hindi:"GSN",Hungarian:"GSN",Japanese:"GSN",Polish:"GSN",Ukrainian:"GSN"}},gwei:{term:"gwei",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A minuscule and common denomination of ETH, and the unit in which gas prices are often specified. See 'ether (denominations)' entry for more information.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"gwei","Simplified Chinese":"gwei",French:"gwei",German:"Gwei",Indonesian:"gwei",Italian:"gwei",Korean:"그웨이",Persian:"جیوی","Brazilian Portuguese":"gwei",Russian:"Гвей",Spanish:"gwei","Filipino (Tagalog)":"gwei",Thai:"เกวย์",Turkish:"gwei",Vietnamese:"gwei",Arabic:"جوي (gwei)","Traditional Chinese":"gwei",Dutch:"gwei",Greek:"gwei",Hindi:"gwei",Hungarian:"gwei",Japanese:"gwei",Polish:"Gwei",Ukrainian:"гвей"}},halving:{term:"halving",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Many cryptocurrencies have a finite supply, which makes them a scarce digital commodity. For example, the total amount of bitcoin that will ever be issued is 21 million. The number of bitcoins generated per block is decreased 50% every four years. This is called “halving.” The final halving will take place in the year 2140.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"halving","Simplified Chinese":"减半",French:"Réduire de moitié",German:"Halbierung",Indonesian:"halving",Italian:"halving",Korean:"반감기",Persian:"هاوینگ (نصف شدن پاداش استخراج)","Brazilian Portuguese":"halving",Russian:"халвинг",Spanish:"reducción a la mitad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"paghati",Thai:"ฮาฟวิงก์",Turkish:"yarılanma",Vietnamese:"chia đôi khối",Arabic:"التنصيف (الهالفينج)","Traditional Chinese":"減半",Dutch:"halveren",Greek:"μείωση κατά το ήμισυ",Hindi:"आधा करना (halving)",Hungarian:"felezés",Japanese:"半減期",Polish:"Halving",Ukrainian:"халвінг"}},"hard fork":{term:"hard fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A hard fork occurs when there is a change in the blockchain that is not backward compatible (not compatible with older versions), thus requiring all participants to upgrade to the new version in order to be able to continue participating on the network. See also 'fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hard fork","Simplified Chinese":"硬分叉",French:"fork dur",German:"Hard Fork",Indonesian:"hard fork",Italian:"hard fork",Korean:"하드포크",Persian:"هارد فورک","Brazilian Portuguese":"hard fork",Russian:"хардфорк",Spanish:"bifurcación dura","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hard fork",Thai:"การแยกสมบูรณ์",Turkish:"sert çatal",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh cứng",Arabic:"انقسام كُلي (هارد فورك)","Traditional Chinese":"硬分叉",Dutch:"hard fork",Greek:"hard fork",Hindi:"हार्ड फोर्क",Hungarian:"kemény villa",Japanese:"ハードフォーク",Polish:"Hard fork",Ukrainian:"хард-форк"}},"hardware wallet":{term:"hardware wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A hardware wallet is a physical device that is used to store cryptographic keys, and generally, sign transactions. Some hardware wallets can be connected physically or through software to internet connectivity; others are ‘air-gapped’, receiving transaction requests and sending transaction approvals through a mechanism such as a QR code. The overall goal of using a hardware wallet to manage keys and signatures is to reduce the likelihood of your keys or Secret Recovery Phrase from being somehow stolen or compromised, due to being connected to the Internet. For more on hardware wallets, see MetaMask’s Hardware Wallet Hub: Hardware Wallet Hub",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hardware wallet","Simplified Chinese":"硬件钱包",French:"portefeuille physique",German:"Hardware-Wallet",Indonesian:"dompet perangkat keras",Italian:"wallet hardware",Korean:"하드웨어 지갑",Persian:"کیف پول سخت‌افزاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira de hardware",Russian:"аппаратный кошелек",Spanish:"monedero físico","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wallet na hardware",Thai:"ฮาร์ดแวร์วอลเล็ต",Turkish:"donanım cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví cứng",Arabic:"محفظة الأجهزة","Traditional Chinese":"硬體錢包",Dutch:"hardwarewallet",Greek:"hardware wallet",Hindi:"hardware wallet",Hungarian:"hardver pénztárca",Japanese:"ハードウェアウォレット",Polish:"Portfel sprzętowy",Ukrainian:"апаратний гаманець"}},"hash (noun)":{term:"hash (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing, ‘hashing’ is an operation performed on lists or sets of data to create a reliable index for that data. A particular datum, or a reference to it, is fed into an algorithm, which transforms the datum and returns a standardized, and generally unrecognizable, ‘hash’ of it, sometimes referred to as that datum or file’s “digital fingerprint.” Each block in a blockchain contains the hash value that validated the block before it, followed by its own hash value (this is how the continuity of the ‘chain’ is constructed). Hashes can be used to confirm that blockchain transactions are complete and valid. You may see references to the “transaction hash” or “tx hash”; this should be understood as “unique identifier of the transaction”.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"hash (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"哈希",French:"hachage (nom)",German:"Hash",Indonesian:"hash (noun)",Italian:"hash (noun)",Korean:"해시(명사)",Persian:"هش","Brazilian Portuguese":"hash",Russian:"хэш",Spanish:"hash","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hash (pangngalan)",Thai:"แฮช",Turkish:"hash",Vietnamese:"mã băm (danh từ)",Arabic:"الهاش","Traditional Chinese":"雜湊",Dutch:"hash",Greek:"κατακερματισμός",Hindi:"हैश (नाउन)",Hungarian:"hash",Japanese:"ハッシュ",Polish:"Hasz / skrót",Ukrainian:"хеш"}},"hexadecimal; 'hex data'":{term:"hexadecimal; 'hex data'",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hexadecimal is a base 16, rather than base 10, counting system. Used all over Ethereum for a variety of things, a hexadecimal string is comprised of the numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and letters A B C D E F.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hexadecimal; 'hex data'","Simplified Chinese":"十六进制；“十六进制数据”",French:"hexadécimal ; « données hexadécimales »",German:"hexadezimal; ‚Hex-Daten‘",Indonesian:"heksadesimal; data hex",Italian:"esadecimale; 'dati esadecimali'",Korean:"16진수; '헥스 데이터'",Persian:"شانزده‌شماری؛ داده‌های هگز","Brazilian Portuguese":"hexadecimal; dados hexa",Russian:"шестнадцатеричный; 'шестнадцатеричные данные'",Spanish:"hexadecimal; datos hexadecimales","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hexadecimal; 'hex na data'",Thai:"เลขฐานสิบหก, ข้อมูลเลขฐานสิบหก",Turkish:"on altılık sayı; 'on altılı veri'",Vietnamese:"thập lục phân; dữ liệu thập lục phân",Arabic:"السداسي عشري؛ بيانات سداسية","Traditional Chinese":"十六進位",Dutch:"hexadecimaal; hexadecimale data",Greek:"Δεκαεξαδικά δεδομένα",Hindi:"हेक्साडेसिमल; 'हेक्स डेटा'",Hungarian:"hexadecimális; „hex adat”",Japanese:"16進数; '16進データ'",Polish:"System szesnastkowy / heksadecymalny",Ukrainian:"шістнадцятковий; шістнадцяткові дані"}},"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet":{term:"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hierarchical Deterministic wallets were first created for Bitcoin, and enable the creation of a very large number of accounts based on an initial seed phrase. This technology was later adopted in Ethereum wallets; when restoring a MetaMask wallet from the Secret Recovery Phrase, for example, if you 'create' accounts, they will be the same accounts as previously created from that same phrase; they are derived from it.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet","Simplified Chinese":"分层确定性（HD）钱包",French:"Portefeuille déterministe hiérarchique (HD)",German:"Hierarchisch-deterministisches (HD) Wallet",Indonesian:"Dompet Deterministik Hierarkis (HD)",Italian:"Wallet gerarchico deterministico (HD)",Korean:"계층 결정적(HD) 지갑",Persian:"کیف پول قطعی سلسله مراتبی (HD)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Carteira hierárquica determinística (HD)",Russian:"Иерархически детерминированный (ИД) кошелек",Spanish:"monedero determinista jerárquico (HD)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) na wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ตมีลำดับชั้น (HD)",Turkish:"Hiyerarşik Belirleyici (HD) cüzdan",Vietnamese:"Ví phân cấp xác định (HD)",Arabic:"محفظة هرمية حتمية (HD)","Traditional Chinese":"分層確定式錢包",Dutch:"HD-wallet (hierarchical deterministic wallet)",Greek:"Ιεραρχικά ντετερμινιστικά πορτοφόλια (HD)",Hindi:"हायरार्कीकल डिटरमिनिस्टिक (HD) वॉलेट",Hungarian:"hierarchikus determinisztikus (HD) pénztárca",Japanese:"階層型決定性 (HD) ウォレット",Polish:"Portfel HD (hierarchiczno-deterministyczny)",Ukrainian:"Ієрархічний детермінований (HD) гаманець"}},"hot storage":{term:"hot storage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Synonymous with 'hot wallet'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"hot storage","Simplified Chinese":"热存储",French:"stockage connecté",German:"Hot Storage",Indonesian:"hot storage",Italian:"hot storage",Korean:"핫 스토리지",Persian:"ذخیره‌سازی گرم","Brazilian Portuguese":"hot storage",Russian:"горячее хранилище",Spanish:"almacenamiento en caliente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mainit na imbakan",Thai:"ที่เก็บเงินระยะสั้น",Turkish:"sıcak depolama",Vietnamese:"kho nóng",Arabic:"تخزين ساخن","Traditional Chinese":"熱儲存",Dutch:"warme opslag/hot storage",Greek:"θερμή αποθήκευση",Hindi:"हॉट स्टोरेज",Hungarian:"meleg tárolás",Japanese:"ホットストレージ",Polish:"Gorący portfel (hot wallet)",Ukrainian:"гаряче сховище"}},"hot wallet":{term:"hot wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A wallet that is directly connected to the internet at all times; for example, one that is held on a centralized exchange. Hot wallets are considered to have lower security than cold storage systems or hardware wallets.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"hot wallet","Simplified Chinese":"热钱包",French:"portefeuille connecté",German:"Hot Wallet",Indonesian:"hot wallet",Italian:"hot wallet",Korean:"핫월렛",Persian:"کیف پول گرم","Brazilian Portuguese":"hot wallet",Russian:"горячий кошелек",Spanish:"monedero en caliente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mainit na wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ตเงินร้อน",Turkish:"sıcak cüzdan",Vietnamese:"ví nóng",Arabic:"محفظة ساخنة","Traditional Chinese":"熱錢包",Dutch:"warme wallet/warme opslag/hot wallet",Greek:"ζεστό πορτοφόλι",Hindi:"हॉट वॉलेट",Hungarian:"forró pénztárca",Japanese:"ホットウォレット",Polish:"Gorący portfel (hot wallet)",Ukrainian:"гарячий гаманець"}},"Hybrid Network":{term:"Hybrid Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hybrid blockchain. See 'PoS/PoW Hybrid'",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Hybrid Network","Simplified Chinese":"混合网络",French:"Réseau hybride",German:"Hybrides Netzwerk",Indonesian:"Jaringan hybrid",Italian:"Rete ibrida",Korean:"하이브리드 네트워크",Persian:"شبکه هیبریدی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rede híbrida",Russian:"Гибридная сеть",Spanish:"red híbrida","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Hybrid Network",Thai:"เครือข่ายไฮบริด",Turkish:"Hibrit Ağ",Vietnamese:"Mạng lai",Arabic:"شبكة هجينة","Traditional Chinese":"混合區塊鏈",Dutch:"hybride netwerk",Greek:"Υβριδικό Δίκτυο",Hindi:"हाइब्रिड नेटवर्क",Hungarian:"hibrid hálózat",Japanese:"ハイブリッド型ネットワーク",Polish:"Sieć hybrydowa",Ukrainian:"Гібридна мережа"}},Hyperledger:{term:"Hyperledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hyperledger is an ecosystem of open-system tools, libraries, and products designed to enable and support enterprise-grade blockchain technology. In general, the products focus on creating solutions for permissioned blockchains--that is, non-public blockchains, with alternative consensus mechanisms other than Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS). That said, there are use cases where such institutions would want to integrate with public blockchains, and for that reason Hyperledger Besu and Hyperledger Burrow are actively developed projects, the former being a Java-based Ethereum client, the latter being a smart contract platform which supports EVM bytecode.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Hyperledger","Simplified Chinese":"超级账本",French:"Hyperledger",German:"Hyperledger",Indonesian:"Hyperledger",Italian:"Hyperledger",Korean:"하이퍼레저",Persian:"هایپرلجر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Hyperledger",Russian:"Гиперледжер",Spanish:"Hyperledger","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Hyperledger",Thai:"Hyperledger",Turkish:"Hyperledger",Vietnamese:"Hyperledger",Arabic:"مشروع هايبرليدجر","Traditional Chinese":"Hyperledger",Dutch:"Hyperledger",Greek:"Hyperledger",Hindi:"हाइपरलेजर (Hyperledger)",Hungarian:"Hyperledger",Japanese:"Hyperledger",Polish:"Hyperledger",Ukrainian:"Hyperledger"}},ICO:{term:"ICO",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Initial Coin Offering (also called ICO) occurs when a new token project sells advance tokens in exchange for upfront capital. These have been a vehicle for fraud and scams, and as such are subject to ever-evolving regulation and legislation.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"ICO","Simplified Chinese":"首次代币发行（ICO）",French:"offre au public de jetons (ICO)",German:"ICO",Indonesian:"ICO",Italian:"ICO",Korean:"ICO",Persian:"عرضه اولیه کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"ICO",Russian:"ICO",Spanish:"ICO","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ICO",Thai:"ICO",Turkish:"ICO",Vietnamese:"ICO",Arabic:"عرض العملة الأولي (ICO)","Traditional Chinese":"首次代幣發行",Dutch:"ICO",Greek:"Αρχική προσφορά νομισμάτων (ICO)",Hindi:"ICO",Hungarian:"ICO",Japanese:"ICO",Polish:"ICO (Initial Coin Offering)",Ukrainian:"ICO"}},"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon":{term:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The colorful blob of colors that corresponds to your address in MetaMask. It is an easy way to see if your address is correct. More specifically, you can choose between jazzicons (created by the MetaMask team!) or blockies.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon","Simplified Chinese":"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",French:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",German:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Indonesian:"Identikon / Identikon Alamat / Ikon Alamat",Italian:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Korean:"아이덴티콘 / 주소아이덴티콘 / 주소아이콘",Persian:"شناسه آیدنتیکان/آیدنتیکان آدرس/آیکون آدرس","Brazilian Portuguese":"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Russian:"Идентикон / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Spanish:"identicon / identicon de dirección / ícono de dirección","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Thai:"ไอเดนทิคอน / แอดเดรสทิคอน / แอดเดรสไอคอน",Turkish:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Vietnamese:"Biểu tượng nhận dạng/Biểu tượng nhận dạng địa chỉ/Biểu tượng địa chỉ",Arabic:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon","Traditional Chinese":"識別",Dutch:"identicon/AddressIdenticon/AddressIcon",Greek:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Hindi:"आइडेंटआइकन / एड्रेसआइडेंटआइकन / एड्रेसआइकन",Hungarian:"Identicon/AddressIdenticon/AddressIcon",Japanese:"アイデンティコン / アドレスアイデンティコン / アドレスアイコン",Polish:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon",Ukrainian:"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon"}},immutability:{term:"immutability",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The inability to be altered or changed. This is a key element of blockchain networks: once written onto a blockchain ledger, data cannot be altered. This immutability provides the basis for commerce and trade to take place on blockchain networks.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"immutability","Simplified Chinese":"不可篡改性",French:"immutabilité",German:"Unveränderlichkeit",Indonesian:"imutabilitas",Italian:"immutabilità",Korean:"불변성",Persian:"تغییرناپذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"imutabilidade",Russian:"неизменность",Spanish:"inmutabilidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kawalan ng pagbabago",Thai:"เปลี่ยนแปลงไม่ได้",Turkish:"Ölçeklendirilebilme çözümü",Vietnamese:"tính bất biến",Arabic:"عدم القابلية للتغير (الثبات)","Traditional Chinese":"不可修改",Dutch:"onveranderlijkheid",Greek:"αμεταβλητότητα",Hindi:"इमम्यूटेबिलिटी",Hungarian:"állandóság",Japanese:"耐改ざん性",Polish:"Niemodyfikowalność",Ukrainian:"незмінність"}},Infura:{term:"Infura",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Part of ConsenSys, Infura offers backend access to the Ethereum network over established HTTP and WebSockets technology. Prior to Infura, developers were obligated to run their own nodes of the networks with which they wanted to interact; Infura provides that access through a set of APIs. This enables developers of dapps and websites seeking to interact with the Ethereum blockchain to do so, and at scale. Infura",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Infura","Simplified Chinese":"Infura",French:"Infura",German:"Infura",Indonesian:"Infura",Italian:"Infura",Korean:"Infura",Persian:"اینفیورا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Infura",Russian:"Infura",Spanish:"Infura","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Infura",Thai:"Infura",Turkish:"Infura",Vietnamese:"Infura",Arabic:"Infura","Traditional Chinese":"Infura",Dutch:"Infura",Greek:"Infura",Hindi:"Infura",Hungarian:"Infura",Japanese:"Infura",Polish:"Infura",Ukrainian:"Infura"}},"Initial Public Offering (IPO)":{term:"Initial Public Offering (IPO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An initial public offering (IPO) is the process of a company offering shares for purchase on the stock market for the first time. IPO",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Initial Public Offering (IPO)","Simplified Chinese":"首次公开募股（IPO）",French:"Introduction en bourse (IPO)",German:"Börsengang (IPO)",Indonesian:"Penawaran Publik Perdana (IPO)",Italian:"Initial Public Offering (IPO)",Korean:"기업공개(IPO)",Persian:"عرضه اولیه سهام (IPO)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Oferta pública inicial (IPO)",Russian:"Первичное публичное предложение (IPO)",Spanish:"oferta pública inicial (OPI)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Initial Public Offering (IPO)",Thai:"การเสนอขายทั่วไปครั้งแรก (IPO)",Turkish:"İlk Halka Arz (IPO)",Vietnamese:"Phát hành công khai lần đầu (IPO)",Arabic:"الاكتتاب العام الأولي (IPO)","Traditional Chinese":"首次公開募股",Dutch:"beursgang/IPO (initial public offering)",Greek:"Αρχική Δημόσια Προσφορά (IPO)",Hindi:"इनिशियल पब्लिक ऑफरिंग (IPO)",Hungarian:"első nyilvános ajánlattétel (IPO)",Japanese:"新規株式公開 (IPO)",Polish:"IPO (pierwsza oferta publiczna)",Ukrainian:"Первинне публічне розміщення (IPO)"}},"Insider Trading":{term:"Insider Trading",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Insider trading happens when someone purchases or sells stocks while possessing private, material information about that stock. Insider Trading",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Insider Trading","Simplified Chinese":"内幕交易",French:"Délit d’initié",German:"Insiderhandel",Indonesian:"Trading Orang Dalam",Italian:"Insider Trading",Korean:"내부자 거래",Persian:"معاملات نهانی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Negociação privilegiada",Russian:"Инсайдерская торговля",Spanish:"información privilegiada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Insider Trading",Thai:"การใช้ข้อมูลภายใน",Turkish:"İçeriden Öğrenenlerin Ticareti",Vietnamese:"Giao dịch nội gián",Arabic:"تداول المُطلعين","Traditional Chinese":"內線交易",Dutch:"handel met voorkennis",Greek:"Εσωτερική πληροφόρηση",Hindi:"Insider Trading",Hungarian:"bennfentes kereskedelem",Japanese:"インサイダー取引",Polish:"Insider trading",Ukrainian:"Інсайдерська торгівля"}},"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol":{term:"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) is a communication protocol that allows different blockchains to relay messages to each other. It guarantees reliable, ordered and authenticated communication between the chains. Blockchains can trustlessly exchange value like tokens. IBC does not work like a bridge. Instead, blockchains send packets of information via smart contracts that allow them to not only exchange value but relay any form of data, such as communication, via the communication protocol. Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC)",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol","Simplified Chinese":"跨链通信（IBC）协议",French:"Protocole de communication entre chaînes de blocs (IBC)",German:"Inter-Blockchain-Kommunikationsprotokoll (IBC)",Indonesian:"Protokol Komunikasi Antar-Blockchain (IBC)",Italian:"Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC)",Korean:"블록체인 간 통신(IBC) 프로토콜",Persian:"پروتکل ارتباط بین بلاکچینی (IBC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Protocolo de comunicação interblockchain (IBC)",Russian:"Протокол межблокчейновой коммуникации (IBC)",Spanish:"Protocolo de comunicación entre cadenas de bloques (IBC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Protocol ng Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC)",Thai:"โพรโตคอลการสื่อสารระหว่างบล็อกเชน (IBC)",Turkish:"Blokzincirleri Arasında İletişim (IBC) Protokolü",Vietnamese:"Giao thức truyền thông liên chuỗi khối (IBC)",Arabic:"بروتوكول الاتصال بين شبكات البلوكتشين (IBC)","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈間通訊",Dutch:"IBC-protocol (inter-blockchain communication)",Greek:"Πρωτοκόλλου επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των Blockchain (IBC)",Hindi:"इंटर-ब्लॉकचेन कम्युनिकेशन (IBC) प्रोटोकॉल",Hungarian:"blokkláncok közötti kommunikációs (IBC) protokoll",Japanese:"ブロックチェーン間通信 (IBC) プロトコル",Polish:"Protokół IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication)",Ukrainian:"Протокол міжблочного зв'язку (IBC)"}},"internal transaction":{term:"internal transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An internal transaction on the Ethereum network is one that occurs between smart contracts, rather than between addresses. Notably, they are not included on the blockchain, and therefore do not incur gas fees, but they are often crucial to carrying out the action in question, and can be viewed on Etherscan. For more detail, see MetaMask's article on the topic: Internal Transactions",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"internal transaction","Simplified Chinese":"内部交易",French:"transaction interne",German:"Interne Transaktion",Indonesian:"transaksi internal",Italian:"transazione interna",Korean:"내부 거래",Persian:"تراکنش داخلی","Brazilian Portuguese":"transação interna",Russian:"внутренняя транзакция",Spanish:"transacción interna","Filipino (Tagalog)":"panloob na transaksyon",Thai:"ธุรกรรมภายใน",Turkish:"dahili işlem",Vietnamese:"giao dịch nội bộ",Arabic:"معاملة داخلية","Traditional Chinese":"內部交易",Dutch:"interne transactie",Greek:"εσωτερική συναλλαγή",Hindi:"इंटरनल ट्रांसेक्शन",Hungarian:"belső tranzakció",Japanese:"内部トランザクション",Polish:"Transakcja wewnętrzna",Ukrainian:"внутрішня транзакція"}},Interoperability:{term:"Interoperability",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Blockchain interoperability, or cross-chain interoperability, is the ability to see and share information across multiple blockchains. One of the clear benefits of blockchain interoperability is being able to trade assets across various blockchains without the need for a centralized, custodial exchange. Interoperability",termCategory:"Financial term",i18n:{Term:"Interoperability","Simplified Chinese":"互操作性",French:"Interopérabilité",German:"Interoperabilität",Indonesian:"Interpolaritas",Italian:"Interoperabilità",Korean:"상호운용성",Persian:"تعامل‌‌پذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"interoperabilidade",Russian:"Совместимость",Spanish:"interoperabilidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Interoperability",Thai:"ความสอดประสาน",Turkish:"Birlikte Çalışabilirlik",Vietnamese:"Khả năng tương tác",Arabic:"قابلية التشغيل البيني","Traditional Chinese":"互操作性",Dutch:"interoperabiliteit",Greek:"Διαλειτουργικότητα",Hindi:"Interoperability",Hungarian:"interoperabilitás",Japanese:"相互運用性",Polish:"Interoperacyjność",Ukrainian:"Інтероперабельність"}},"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)":{term:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A decentralized file storage and referencing system for the Ethereum blockchain, and the internet as a whole. IFPS is an open source protocol that enables storing and sharing hypermedia (text, audio, visual) in a distributed manner without relying on a single point of failure. This distributed file system enables applications to run faster, safer and more transparently.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)","Simplified Chinese":"星际文件系统（IPFS）",French:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",German:"InterPlanetary-Dateisystem (IPFS)",Indonesian:"Sistem File Interplanetary (IPFS)",Italian:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Korean:"행성 간 파일 시스템(IPFS)",Persian:"فایل سیستم بین سیاره‌ای (IPFS)","Brazilian Portuguese":"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Russian:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Spanish:"sistema de archivos interplanetario (IPFS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Thai:"ระบบไฟล์ InterPlanetary (IPFS)",Turkish:"Gezegenler Arası Dosya Sistemi (IPFS)",Vietnamese:"Hệ thống tệp phân tán ngang hàng (IPFS)",Arabic:"نظام الملفات إنتربلانتري (IPFS)","Traditional Chinese":"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Dutch:"IPFS (InterPlanetary File System)",Greek:"Διαπλανητικό Σύστημα Αρχείων (IPFS)",Hindi:"इंटरप्लेनेटरी फाइल सिस्टम (IPFS)",Hungarian:"Interplanetary File System (IPFS)",Japanese:"インタープラネタリーファイルシステム (IPFS)",Polish:"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)",Ukrainian:"Міжпланетна файлова система (IPFS)"}},"IP address":{term:"IP address",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A unique string of characters that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"IP address","Simplified Chinese":"IP 地址",French:"Adresse IP",German:"IP-Adresse",Indonesian:"Alamat IP",Italian:"Indirizzo IP",Korean:"IP 주소",Persian:"آدرس آی‌پی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Endereço IP",Russian:"IP-адрес",Spanish:"dirección IP","Filipino (Tagalog)":"IP address",Thai:"เลขที่อยู่ IP",Turkish:"IP adresi",Vietnamese:"Địa chỉ IP",Arabic:"عنوان IP","Traditional Chinese":"IP 位置",Dutch:"IP-adres",Greek:"Διεύθυνση IP",Hindi:"आईपी ​​एड्रेस",Hungarian:"IP-cím",Japanese:"IP アドレス",Polish:"Adres IP",Ukrainian:"IP-адреса"}},"JSON file":{term:"JSON file",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an open standard file format for sharing data that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data. it is commonly used in public blockchain systems to move data.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"JSON file","Simplified Chinese":"JSON 文件",French:"Fichier JSON",German:"JSON-Datei",Indonesian:"File JSON",Italian:"File JSON",Korean:"JSON 파일",Persian:"فایل جیسون","Brazilian Portuguese":"Arquivo JSON",Russian:"JSON-файл",Spanish:"archivo JSON","Filipino (Tagalog)":"file na JSON",Thai:"ไฟล์ JSON",Turkish:"JSON dosyası",Vietnamese:"Tệp JSON",Arabic:"ملف JSON","Traditional Chinese":"JSON 資料",Dutch:"JSON-bestand",Greek:"Αρχείο JSON",Hindi:"JSON फ़ाइल",Hungarian:"JSO- fájl",Japanese:"JSON ファイル",Polish:"Plik JSON",Ukrainian:"Файл JSON"}},"JSON-RPC":{term:"JSON-RPC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"JSON-RPC is, quite simply, a method used to move data around computer systems, and predates public blockchain technology. It was chosen as a standard for moving data between blockchain networks and Internet browsers and wallets, with the result that these networks have come to be called 'RPC networks', despite JSON-RPC not being their defining technical feature.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"JSON-RPC","Simplified Chinese":"JSON-RPC",French:"JSON-RPC",German:"JSON-RPC",Indonesian:"JSON-RPC",Italian:"JSON-RPC",Korean:"JSON-RPC",Persian:"جیسون-RPC","Brazilian Portuguese":"JSON-RPC",Russian:"JSON-RPC",Spanish:"JSON-RPC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"JSON-RPC",Thai:"JSON-RPC",Turkish:"JSON-RPC",Vietnamese:"JSON-RPC",Arabic:"بروتوكول JSON-RPC","Traditional Chinese":"JSON-RPC",Dutch:"JSON-RPC",Greek:"JSON-RPC",Hindi:"JSON-RPC",Hungarian:"JSON-RPC",Japanese:"JSON-RPC",Polish:"JSON-RPC",Ukrainian:"JSON-RPC"}},"keystore file":{term:"keystore file",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A keystore file is a special, encrypted version of a private key in JSON format. See also 'private key'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"keystore file","Simplified Chinese":"密钥库文件",French:"fichier keystore",German:"Keystore-Datei",Indonesian:"file keystore",Italian:"file keystore",Korean:"키스토어 파일",Persian:"فایل کلید خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"arquivo keystore",Russian:"файл хранилища ключей",Spanish:"archivo keystore","Filipino (Tagalog)":"file ng keystore",Thai:"ไฟล์คีย์สโตร์",Turkish:"keystore dosyası",Vietnamese:"tệp lưu khóa",Arabic:"ملف تخزين المفاتيح","Traditional Chinese":"keystore 文件",Dutch:"keystore-bestand",Greek:"Αρχείο αποθήκευσης κλειδιών",Hindi:"कीस्टोर फ़ाइल",Hungarian:"kulcstároló fájl",Japanese:"キーストアファイル",Polish:"Plik keystore",Ukrainian:"файл сховища ключів"}},"Know Your Customer (KYC)":{term:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A process in which a business must verify the identity and background information (address, financial details, etc.) of their customers. For example, current regulations and laws require banks and other financial institutions to keep and report customers' personal information and transactions.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Know Your Customer (KYC)","Simplified Chinese":"实名认证（KYC）",French:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",German:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",Indonesian:"Prinsip Mengenal Nasabah (KYC)",Italian:"Know Your Customer (KYC)",Korean:"고객확인제도 (KYC)",Persian:"احراز هویت مشتری (KYC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Conheça seu cliente (KYC)",Russian:"«Знай своего клиента» (ЗСК)",Spanish:"conozca a su cliente (KYC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Know Your Customer (KYC)",Thai:"การรู้จักลูกค้า (KYC)",Turkish:"Müşterini Tanı (KYC)",Vietnamese:"Xác minh danh tính khách hàng (KYC)",Arabic:"التحقق من هوية العميل (KYC)","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的客戶",Dutch:"KYC (know your customer)",Greek:"Γνωρίστε τον πελάτη σας (KYC)",Hindi:"अपने ग्राहक को जानें (KYC)",Hungarian:"Ismerd a vásárlód (IAV)",Japanese:"本人確認 (KYC)",Polish:"Poznaj swojego klienta (KYC – Know Your Customer)",Ukrainian:"Знай свого клієнта (KYC)"}},"Know Your Transaction":{term:"Know Your Transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Know Your Transaction (KYT) is a process employed by financial institutions to monitor the merchants' businesses through the analysis of transaction data.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Know Your Transaction","Simplified Chinese":"交易监控（KYT）",French:"Know Your Transaction",German:"Know Your Transaction",Indonesian:"Prinsip Mengenal Transaksi",Italian:"Know Your Transaction",Korean:"고객거래확인",Persian:"شناسایی مبدأ تراکنش‌ها","Brazilian Portuguese":"Conheça sua transação",Russian:"«Знай свою транзакцию»",Spanish:"conozca su transacción (KYT)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Know Your Transaction",Thai:"การรู้จักธุรกรรม",Turkish:"İşlemini Tanı",Vietnamese:"Xác minh giao dịch",Arabic:"التحقق من المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的交易",Dutch:"KYT (know your transaction)",Greek:"Μάθετε τη συναλλαγή σας",Hindi:"Know Your Transaction",Hungarian:"Ismerd a tranzakciód (IAT)",Japanese:"トランザクション監視",Polish:"Poznaj swoją transakcję (KYT – Know Your Transaction)",Ukrainian:"Знай свою транзакцію"}},Kovan:{term:"Kovan",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; Kovan test network has been deprecated. Ethereum used to have four testnets: Ropsten, Rinkeby, Goerli, and Kovan (Kiln was also added for specific purposes relating to the Merge in 2022). However, after the Merge occurred on September 15th 2022, most of the existing testnets began being deprecated (taken out of service). They may still work, but could be unreliable. Sepolia and Goerli are now the only two available.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Kovan","Simplified Chinese":"Kovan",French:"Kovan",German:"Kovan",Indonesian:"Kovan",Italian:"Kovan",Korean:"코반",Persian:"کوان","Brazilian Portuguese":"Kovan",Russian:"Kovan",Spanish:"Kovan","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Kovan",Thai:"Kovan",Turkish:"Kovan",Vietnamese:"Kovan",Arabic:"كوفان","Traditional Chinese":"Kovan",Dutch:"Kovan",Greek:"Kovan",Hindi:"Kovan",Hungarian:"Kovan",Japanese:"Kovan",Polish:"Kovan",Ukrainian:"Kovan"}},KYC:{term:"KYC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Know Your Customer'.",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"KYC","Simplified Chinese":"KYC（实名认证）",French:"KYC",German:"KYC",Indonesian:"KYC",Italian:"KYC",Korean:"KYC",Persian:"KYC","Brazilian Portuguese":"KYC",Russian:"ЗСК",Spanish:"KYC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"KYC",Thai:"KYC",Turkish:"KYC",Vietnamese:"KYC",Arabic:"اعرف عميلك (KYC)","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的客戶",Dutch:"KYC",Greek:"KYC (Γνωρίστε τον πελάτη σας)",Hindi:"KYC",Hungarian:"KYC",Japanese:"KYC",Polish:"KYC",Ukrainian:"KYC"}},KYT:{term:"KYT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; see 'Know Your Transaction'.",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"KYT","Simplified Chinese":"KYT（交易监控）",French:"KYT",German:"KYT",Indonesian:"KYT",Italian:"KYT",Korean:"KYT",Persian:"KYT","Brazilian Portuguese":"KYT",Russian:"ЗСТ",Spanish:"KYT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"KYT",Thai:"KYT",Turkish:"KYT",Vietnamese:"KYT",Arabic:"اعرف معاملتك (KYT)","Traditional Chinese":"認識你的交易",Dutch:"KYT",Greek:"KYT(Μάθετε τη συναλλαγή σας)",Hindi:"KYT",Hungarian:"KYT",Japanese:"KYT",Polish:"KYT",Ukrainian:"KYT"}},latency:{term:"Latency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of Network latency: refers to the amount of time it takes for a computer on one network to communicate with a computer on another network. Network latency",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Latency","Simplified Chinese":"延迟",French:"Latence",German:"Latenz",Indonesian:"Latensi",Italian:"Latenza",Korean:"지연 시간",Persian:"تاخیر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Latência",Russian:"Задержка",Spanish:"latencia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Latency",Thai:"ความหน่วง",Turkish:"Gecikme",Vietnamese:"Độ trễ",Arabic:"زمن الاستجابة","Traditional Chinese":"延遲",Dutch:"latentie",Greek:"Καθυστέρηση",Hindi:"लेटेंसी",Hungarian:"késleltetés",Japanese:"レイテンシー",Polish:"Latencja / opóźnienie",Ukrainian:"Затримка"}},Lattice1:{term:"Lattice1",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Lattice1 is a powerful, secure, and user-friendly hardware wallet that allows you to manage an unlimited number of wallets and easily transact on the blockchain.",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"Lattice1","Simplified Chinese":"Lattice1",French:"Lattice1",German:"Lattice1",Indonesian:"Lattice1",Italian:"Lattice1",Korean:"래티스 1",Persian:"لتیس 1","Brazilian Portuguese":"Lattice1",Russian:"Lattice1",Spanish:"Lattice1","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lattice1",Thai:"Lattice1",Turkish:"Lattice1",Vietnamese:"Lattice1",Arabic:"محفظة Lattice1","Traditional Chinese":"Lattice1",Dutch:"Lattice1",Greek:"Lattice1",Hindi:"Lattice1",Hungarian:"Lattice1",Japanese:"Lattice1",Polish:"Lattice1",Ukrainian:"Lattice1"}},Launchpad:{term:"Launchpad",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Launchpad is the Ethereum Foundation's official way to deposit your ETH for staking on Ethereum. Ethereum Launchpad",termCategory:"Legal term",i18n:{Term:"Launchpad","Simplified Chinese":"Launchpad",French:"Launchpad",German:"Launchpad",Indonesian:"Launchpad",Italian:"Launchpad",Korean:"런치패드",Persian:"لانچ‌پد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Launchpad",Russian:"Лаунчпад",Spanish:"plataforma de lanzamiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Launchpad",Thai:"Launchpad",Turkish:"Launchpad",Vietnamese:"Launchpad",Arabic:"منصة الإطلاق","Traditional Chinese":"Launchpad",Dutch:"Launchpad",Greek:"Launchpad",Hindi:"लॉन्चपैड",Hungarian:"Launchpad",Japanese:"ローンチパッド",Polish:"Launchpad",Ukrainian:"Панель запуску"}},"layer 0":{term:"Layer 0",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Layer 0 in blockchain refers to the underlying infrastructure that supports the blockchain network. It includes the physical hardware, such as computers, servers, and other network components, as well as the software protocols that govern the interactions between the nodes in the network. In other words, Layer 0 is the foundation upon which the blockchain network is built. It provides the necessary resources and technical capabilities for the network to function, such as computing power, storage, and network connectivity. Layer 0 is essential to the operation and security of the blockchain network, as it ensures that data is transmitted and stored correctly and securely across the network. Layer 0 is sometimes also referred to as 'Layer Zero' or 'L0'. It is important to note that the concept of Layer 0 is not unique to blockchain technology, but is a more general term used to describe the physical and technical infrastructure underlying any type of computer network.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Layer 0","Simplified Chinese":"零层",French:"Couche 0",German:"Layer 0",Indonesian:"Layer 0",Italian:"Layer 0",Korean:"레이어 0",Persian:"لایه 0","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada 0",Russian:"Слой 0",Spanish:"capa 0","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer 0",Thai:"เลเยอร์ 0",Turkish:"Katman 0",Vietnamese:"Lớp 0",Arabic:"الطبقة 0","Traditional Chinese":"數據傳輸層",Dutch:"layer 0",Greek:"Επίπεδο 0",Hindi:"लेयर 0",Hungarian:"0. réteg",Japanese:"レイヤー 0",Polish:"Warstwa 0",Ukrainian:"Рівень 0"}},"layer 1":{term:"Layer 1",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Layer 1 in blockchain refers to the base layer of the blockchain protocol. It is the layer that contains the core elements of the blockchain, including the consensus mechanism, the data structure, and the rules that govern the creation and transfer of assets or tokens. In other words, Layer 1 is the foundation of the blockchain technology stack, upon which all other layers and applications are built. It is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the blockchain network and ensuring that all transactions are valid and secure. Layer 1 is designed to be decentralized, meaning that no single entity has control over the network. This is achieved through the use of consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), or other methods, which enable participants to reach agreement on the validity of transactions and the state of the network. Some examples of Layer 1 blockchain protocols include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, Avalanche.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Layer 1","Simplified Chinese":"一层公链",French:"Couche 1",German:"Layer 1",Indonesian:"Layer 1",Italian:"Layer 1",Korean:"레이어 1",Persian:"لایه 1","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada 1",Russian:"Слой 1",Spanish:"capa 1","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer 1",Thai:"เลเยอร์ 1",Turkish:"Katman 1",Vietnamese:"Lớp 1",Arabic:"الطبقة 1","Traditional Chinese":"鏈上擴容",Dutch:"layer 1",Greek:"Επίπεδο 1",Hindi:"लेयर 1",Hungarian:"1. réteg",Japanese:"レイヤー 1",Polish:"Warstwa 1",Ukrainian:"Рівень 1"}},"layer 2":{term:"Layer 2",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A Layer 2 network, or L2, is a blockchain that is built specifically to scale another network. For a full understanding of how this is achieved, see here. Some popular examples of this in the Ethereum ecosystem are Arbitrum, Optimism, and StarkNet. These chains are specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on Ethereum Mainnet for security functions, while optimizing for speed and scale. These networks are considered 'scaling solutions' while not being part of Ethereum's protocol-level scaling efforts. See also 'blockchain trilemma', 'modular blockchain', 'Serenity'. Contrast with 'sidechain'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Layer 2","Simplified Chinese":"二层公链",French:"Couche 2",German:"Layer 2",Indonesian:"Layer 2",Italian:"Layer 2",Korean:"레이어 2",Persian:"لایه 2","Brazilian Portuguese":"Camada 2",Russian:"Слой 2",Spanish:"capa 2","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Layer 2",Thai:"เลเยอร์ 2",Turkish:"Katman 2",Vietnamese:"Lớp 2",Arabic:"الطبقة 2","Traditional Chinese":"鏈下擴容",Dutch:"layer 2",Greek:"Επίπεδο 2",Hindi:"लेयर 2",Hungarian:"2. réteg",Japanese:"レイヤー 2",Polish:"Warstwa 2",Ukrainian:"Рівень 2"}},"Learn; MetaMask Learn":{term:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. https://learn.metamask.io/",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Learn; MetaMask Learn","Simplified Chinese":"Learn；MetaMask Learn",French:"Learn ; MetaMask Learn",German:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Indonesian:"Learn; Metamask Learn",Italian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Korean:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Persian:"آموزش؛ آموزش متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Russian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Spanish:"Learn; MetaMask Learn","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Thai:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Turkish:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Vietnamese:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Arabic:"تعلم؛ MetaMask Learn","Traditional Chinese":"學習",Dutch:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Greek:"Εκμάθηση MetaMask",Hindi:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Hungarian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Japanese:"Learn; MetaMask Learn",Polish:"Learn / MetaMask Learn",Ukrainian:"Learn; MetaMask Learn"}},Ledger:{term:"Ledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ledger","Simplified Chinese":"Ledger",French:"Ledger",German:"Ledger",Indonesian:"Ledger",Italian:"Ledger",Korean:"렛저",Persian:"لجر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ledger",Russian:"Ledger",Spanish:"Ledger","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ledger",Thai:"Ledger",Turkish:"Ledger",Vietnamese:"Ledger",Arabic:"محفظة Ledger","Traditional Chinese":"Ledger",Dutch:"Ledger",Greek:"Ledger",Hindi:"Ledger",Hungarian:"Ledger",Japanese:"Ledger",Polish:"Ledger",Ukrainian:"Ledger"}},"Ledger Live App":{term:"Ledger Live App",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Ledger Live is a hardware wallet interface app for users of the Ledger Nano X, Ledger Nano S, and Ledger Blue. The app enables Ledger users to manage their cryptocurrency hardware and assets. Additionally, it features real-time price updates, multi-account management, and the convenience of an extremely simple setup process. Ledger Live combines the management of your individual crypto assets and device management into one interface, with the intention of gradually replacing the Chrome-based applications system that previously annoyed some users of the device.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ledger Live App","Simplified Chinese":"Ledger Live App",French:"Ledger Live App",German:"Ledger Live App",Indonesian:"Applikasi Ledger Live",Italian:"Ledger Live App",Korean:"렛저 라이브 앱",Persian:"برنامه Ledger Live","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ledger Live App",Russian:"Приложение Ledger Live",Spanish:"aplicación Ledger Live","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ledger Live App",Thai:"แอป Ledger Live",Turkish:"Ledger Live Uygulaması",Vietnamese:"Ứng dụng Ledger Live",Arabic:"تطبيق Ledger Live","Traditional Chinese":"Ledger Live App",Dutch:"Ledger Live App",Greek:"Ledger Live App",Hindi:"Ledger Live ऐप",Hungarian:"Ledger Live App",Japanese:"Ledger Live アプリ",Polish:"Ledger Live App",Ukrainian:"Додаток Ledger Live"}},Library:{term:"Library",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development. These may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. Software Library",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Library","Simplified Chinese":"软件库",French:"Bibliothèque",German:"Bibliothek",Indonesian:"Library",Italian:"Libreria",Korean:"라이브러리",Persian:"کتابخانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Biblioteca",Russian:"Библиотека",Spanish:"biblioteca","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Library",Thai:"ไลบรารี",Turkish:"Kitaplık",Vietnamese:"Thư viện",Arabic:"المكتبة","Traditional Chinese":"函式庫",Dutch:"bibliotheek",Greek:"Βιβλιοθήκη",Hindi:"लाइब्रेरी",Hungarian:"könyvtár",Japanese:"ライブラリ",Polish:"Biblioteka",Ukrainian:"Бібліотека"}},Lido:{term:"Lido",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Lido is a liquid staking protocol for Ethereum that allows users with less than 32 ETH to collectively fund new validators and receive rewards.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Lido","Simplified Chinese":"Lido",French:"Lido",German:"Lido",Indonesian:"Lido",Italian:"Lido",Korean:"리도",Persian:"لیدو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Lido",Russian:"Lido",Spanish:"Lido","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lido",Thai:"Lido",Turkish:"Lido",Vietnamese:"Lido",Arabic:"بروتوكول Lido","Traditional Chinese":"Lido",Dutch:"Lido",Greek:"Lido",Hindi:"Lido",Hungarian:"Lido",Japanese:"Lido",Polish:"Lido",Ukrainian:"Lido"}},"light client":{term:"light client",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In computing, a 'client' is a software that runs or accesses a program made available by a remote computer. With blockchain networks, then, clients are the programs that sync blockchain data and participate in network consensus. More often and more specifically, 'Layer 2' is used as a noun, to refer to a type of network that is specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on Ethereum mainnet for security functions, and optimizing for speed and scale. Examples include Arbitrum and Optimism; this is different from a 'sidechain', which is a network that has its own security mechanism, yet still allows compatibility and bridging of assets between itself and Ethereum.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"light client","Simplified Chinese":"轻客户端",French:"client léger",German:"Light Client",Indonesian:"klien ringan",Italian:"client leggero",Korean:"라이트 클라이언트",Persian:"گیرنده سبک","Brazilian Portuguese":"cliente leve",Russian:"легкий клиент",Spanish:"cliente ligero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"magaan na kliyente",Thai:"ไลต์ไคลเอ็นต์",Turkish:"hafif istemci",Vietnamese:"ứng dụng nhẹ",Arabic:"عقدة بسيطة","Traditional Chinese":"light client",Dutch:"light client",Greek:"light client",Hindi:"लाइट क्लाइंट",Hungarian:"könnyű kliens",Japanese:"ライトクライアント",Polish:"Lekki klient",Ukrainian:"легкий клієнт"}},"Lightning Network":{term:"Lightning Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Lightning Network is a second layer for Bitcoin that uses micropayment channels to scale the blockchain’s capability to conduct transactions more efficiently. This layer consists of multiple payment channels between parties or Bitcoin users. A Lightning Network channel is a transaction mechanism between two parties. Using channels, the parties can make or receive payments from each other. Transactions conducted on the Lightning Network are faster, less costly, and more readily confirmed than those conducted directly on the Bitcoin blockchain.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Lightning Network","Simplified Chinese":"Lightning Network",French:"Lightning Network",German:"Lightning Network",Indonesian:"Lightning Network",Italian:"Lightning Network",Korean:"라이트닝 네트워크",Persian:"شبکه لایتنینگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Lightning Network",Russian:"Сеть Lightning",Spanish:"Lightning Network","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lightning Network",Thai:"Lightning Network",Turkish:"Lightning Network",Vietnamese:"Lightning Network",Arabic:"شبكة البرق (Lightning Network)","Traditional Chinese":"Lightning Network",Dutch:"Lightning Network",Greek:"Lightning Network",Hindi:"लाइटनिंग नेटवर्क",Hungarian:"villámgyors hálózat",Japanese:"ライトニングネットワーク",Polish:"Lightning Network",Ukrainian:"Мережа Lightning"}},"liquid democracy (delegative democracy)":{term:"Liquid Democracy (Delegative Democracy)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A government system where votes can be delegated or proxied to other individuals such as friends, politicians, or subject matter experts. For example, in a liquid democracy, Bernadette could give Ahmad her vote and Ahmad would then vote for both himself and Bernadette. Liquid democracy is used at times as a governance mechanism for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) wherein every participant is able to vote or delegate their vote to another individual.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Liquid Democracy (Delegative Democracy)","Simplified Chinese":"委任式民主",French:"Démocratie liquide (démocratie délégative)",German:"Liquid Democracy (Delegative Democracy)",Indonesian:"Demokrasi Likuid (Demograsi Delegatif)",Italian:"Democrazia liquida (Democrazia delegata)",Korean:"유동성 민주주의(위임 민주주의)",Persian:"دموکراسی نقدینگی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Democracia líquida (democracia delegativa)",Russian:"Ликвидная демократия (делегативная демократия)",Spanish:"democracia líquida (democracia delegativa)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Liquid Democracy (Delegatibong Demokrasya)",Thai:"ประชาธิปไตยแบบลื่นไหล (ประชาธิปไตยแบบมอบอำนาจ)",Turkish:"Akışkan Demokrasi (Delege Demokrasisi)",Vietnamese:"Dân chủ linh hoạt (Dân chủ đại diện)",Arabic:"الديمقراطية التفويضية","Traditional Chinese":"流動式民主",Dutch:"liquid democracy (gedelegeerde democratie)",Greek:"Ρέουσα Δημοκρατία (Εκχωρητική Δημοκρατία)",Hindi:"लिक्विड डेमोक्रेसी (डेलीगेटिव डेमोक्रेसी)",Hungarian:"likvid demokrácia (delegatív demokrácia)",Japanese:"液体民主主義 (委任型民主主義)",Polish:"Demokracja płynna",Ukrainian:"Ліквідна демократія (делегативна демократія)"}},liquidation:{term:"Liquidation",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Liquidation happens when a trader has insufficient funds to keep a leveraged trade open. Liquidation",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Liquidation","Simplified Chinese":"清算",French:"Liquidation",German:"Liquidation",Indonesian:"Likuidasi",Italian:"Liquidazione",Korean:"청산",Persian:"لیکوئید شدن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Liquidação",Russian:"Ликвидность",Spanish:"liquidación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Liquidation",Thai:"การชำระบัญชี",Turkish:"Likidasyon",Vietnamese:"Thanh lý",Arabic:"تصفية","Traditional Chinese":"清算",Dutch:"liquidatie",Greek:"Ρευστοποίηση",Hindi:"Liquidation",Hungarian:"felszámolás",Japanese:"清算",Polish:"Likwidacja",Ukrainian:"Ліквідація"}},liquidity:{term:"liquidity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An asset is considered more ‘liquid’ if it can easily be converted into cash, and therefore, ‘liquidity’ refers to the availability of assets to a company or market. Conversely, the harder it is to turn an asset into cash, the more illiquid the asset. For example, stocks are considered relatively liquid assets, as they can be easily converted to cash, while real estate is considered an illiquid asset. The liquidity of an asset affects its risk potential and market price.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"liquidity","Simplified Chinese":"流动性",French:"liquidités",German:"Liquidität",Indonesian:"likuiditas",Italian:"liquidità",Korean:"유동성",Persian:"نقدشوندگی","Brazilian Portuguese":"liquidez",Russian:"ликвидность",Spanish:"liquidez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"liquidity",Thai:"สภาพคล่อง",Turkish:"likidite",Vietnamese:"thanh khoản",Arabic:"السيولة","Traditional Chinese":"流動性",Dutch:"liquiditeit",Greek:"ρευστότητα",Hindi:"लिक्विडिटी",Hungarian:"likviditás",Japanese:"流動性",Polish:"Płynność",Ukrainian:"ліквідність"}},"liquidity pool":{term:"liquidity pool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A liquidity pool is a crowdsourced pool of cryptocurrencies or tokens locked in a smart contract that is used to facilitate trades between the assets on a decentralized exchange (DEX). Instead of traditional markets of buyers and sellers, many decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms use automated market makers (AMMs), which allow digital assets to be traded in an automatic and permissionless manner through the use of liquidity pools.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"liquidity pool","Simplified Chinese":"流动性池",French:"pool de liquidités",German:"Liquiditätspool",Indonesian:"pool likuiditas",Italian:"pool di liquidità",Korean:"유동성 풀",Persian:"استخر نقدینگی","Brazilian Portuguese":"pool de liquidez",Russian:"пул ликвидности",Spanish:"fondo de liquidez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pool ng liquidity",Thai:"พูลสภาพคล่อง",Turkish:"likidite havuzu",Vietnamese:"bể thanh khoản",Arabic:"تجمع السيولة","Traditional Chinese":"流動性池",Dutch:"liquiditeitspool",Greek:"δεξαμενή ρευστότητας",Hindi:"लिक्विडिटी पूल",Hungarian:"likviditási pool",Japanese:"流動性プール",Polish:"Pula płynności",Ukrainian:"пул ліквідності"}},"liquidity staking":{term:"liquidity staking",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Liquid staking allows users to stake tokens and simultaneously use them in the DeFi ecosystem. This is made possible by wrapping the staked tokens and providing users with a wrapped token that is a claim on the underlying collateral. The wrapped tokens can be transferred and generate yield. Liquid staking permits users to stake and unstake their coins without being beholden to a lock-up period. It thus enables greater capital efficiency and increased liquidity on proof-of-stake blockchains, allowing users to maximize the benefits of staking and DeFi simultaneously. Furthermore, liquid staking enhances network security on PoS chains.",termCategory:"Financial term",i18n:{Term:"liquidity staking","Simplified Chinese":"流动性质押",French:"staking liquide",German:"Liquiditätsstaking",Indonesian:"staking likuiditas",Italian:"staking di liquidità",Korean:"유동성 스테이킹",Persian:"سپرده‌گذاری نقدشونده","Brazilian Portuguese":"staking de liquidez",Russian:"стейкинг ликвидности",Spanish:"staking de liquidez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagtaya ng liquidity",Thai:"ฝากสภาพคล่อง",Turkish:"likidite staking",Vietnamese:"ký gửi thanh khoản",Arabic:"ربط السيولة","Traditional Chinese":"流動性質押",Dutch:"liquiditeit staken",Greek:"ρευστότητα μεριδίου",Hindi:"लिक्विडिटी स्टेकिंग",Hungarian:"likviditási részesedés",Japanese:"流動性ステーキング",Polish:"Liquidity staking",Ukrainian:"ліквідний стекінг"}},Low:{term:"Low",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'gas fees', Low is a category that allows you to wait a bit longer and save money if you choose. There are 3 categories available in MetaMask: Low, Market, Aggressive Using Advanced Gas Controls",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Low","Simplified Chinese":"低级型",French:"Faible",German:"Niedrig",Indonesian:"Rendah",Italian:"Basse",Korean:"낮음",Persian:"پایین","Brazilian Portuguese":"Baixa",Russian:"Низкий",Spanish:"baja","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mababa",Thai:"ต่ำ",Turkish:"Düşük",Vietnamese:"Thấp",Arabic:"منخفضة","Traditional Chinese":"Low",Dutch:"laag",Greek:"Χαμηλότερη τιμή",Hindi:"कम",Hungarian:"alacsony",Japanese:"低",Polish:"Ostrożne podejście",Ukrainian:"Низький"}},mainnet:{term:"mainnet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The primary network where actual transactions take place on a specific distributed ledger. For example, The Ethereum Mainnet (capitalized in this case) is the public blockchain where network validation and transactions take place",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"mainnet","Simplified Chinese":"主网",French:"réseau principal Ethereum (mainnet)",German:"Mainnet",Indonesian:"mainnet",Italian:"mainnet",Korean:"메인넷",Persian:"شبکه اصلی","Brazilian Portuguese":"mainnet",Russian:"мейн-нет",Spanish:"red principal","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mainnet",Thai:"เครือข่ายหลัก",Turkish:"ana ağ",Vietnamese:"mạng chính",Arabic:"شبكة رئيسية (Mainnet)","Traditional Chinese":"主網",Dutch:"mainnet",Greek:"mainnet",Hindi:"मेननेट (mainnet)",Hungarian:"főháló",Japanese:"メインネット",Polish:"Mainnet",Ukrainian:"основна мережа"}},"Maker Protocol":{term:"Maker Protocol",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Maker Protocol, built on the Ethereum blockchain, enables users to create and hold currency. Current elements of the Maker Protocol are the DAI stable coin, Maker Vaults, and Voting. MakerDAO governs the Maker Protocol by deciding on key parameters (e.g., stability fees, collateral types and rates, etc.)",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Maker Protocol","Simplified Chinese":"稳定币协议",French:"Protocole Maker",German:"Maker Protocol",Indonesian:"Protokol Maker",Italian:"Maker Protocol",Korean:"메이커 프로토콜",Persian:"پروتکل‌ میکر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Maker Protocol",Russian:"Протокол Maker",Spanish:"protocolo Maker","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Maker Protocol",Thai:"Maker Protocol",Turkish:"Maker Protokolü",Vietnamese:"Giao thức Maker",Arabic:"بروتوكول Maker","Traditional Chinese":"Maker協議",Dutch:"Maker Protocol",Greek:"Maker Protocol",Hindi:"मेकर प्रोटोकॉल",Hungarian:"Maker Protocol",Japanese:"Maker プロトコル",Polish:"Protokół Maker",Ukrainian:"Протокол Maker"}},malware:{term:"Malware",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the user's computer security and privacy.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Malware","Simplified Chinese":"恶意软件",French:"Malware",German:"Malware",Indonesian:"Malware",Italian:"Malware",Korean:"맬웨어",Persian:"بدافزار","Brazilian Portuguese":"Malware",Russian:"Вредоносное программное обеспечение",Spanish:"software malicioso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Malware",Thai:"มัลแวร์",Turkish:"Kötü amaçlı yazılım",Vietnamese:"Phần mềm độc hại",Arabic:"برمجيات خبيثة","Traditional Chinese":"惡意軟體",Dutch:"malware",Greek:"Λογισμικό κακόβουλης λειτουργίας",Hindi:"मालवेयर",Hungarian:"rosszindulatú",Japanese:"マルウェア",Polish:"Złośliwe oprogramowanie",Ukrainian:"Шкідливе програмне забезпечення"}},"market cap":{term:"market cap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Short for 'market capitalization', this refers to the total value held in a particular industry, market, company, or asset. For a publicly traded company, the market cap is the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares. For Bitcoin or Ethereum, the total market cap is a reflection of the current existing supply times the market price.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"market cap","Simplified Chinese":"市值",French:"capitalisation boursière",German:"Marktkapitalisierung",Indonesian:"kap pasar",Italian:"capitalizzazione di mercato",Korean:"시가 총액",Persian:"ارزش بازار","Brazilian Portuguese":"capitalização de mercado",Russian:"рыночная капитализация",Spanish:"capitalización bursátil","Filipino (Tagalog)":"market cap",Thai:"มูลค่าตลาด",Turkish:"piyasa değeri",Vietnamese:"vốn hóa thị trường",Arabic:"القيمة السوقية","Traditional Chinese":"市值",Dutch:"marktkapitalisatie",Greek:"Επιχειρηματικά κεφάλαια",Hindi:"मार्केट कैप",Hungarian:"tőkepiac",Japanese:"時価総額",Polish:"Kapitalizacja rynkowa",Ukrainian:"ринкова капіталізація"}},"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)":{term:"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Originally known as Miner Extractable Value, MEV is a broad complex topic that refers to the inclusion, exclusion, and reordering of transactions within a block in order to extract more value from it, generally in excess of what a validator (or miner, on PoW networks) would earn from producing the block. MEV includes activities such as frontrunning, arbitrage, and what could be considered malicious actions to profit off of other users' transactions. This is a very active topic of research that is changing rapidly.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)","Simplified Chinese":"最大可提取价值（MEV）",French:"Valeur extractible maximum (MEV)",German:"Maximaler extrahierbarer Wert (MEV)",Indonesian:"Nilai yang Dapat Diekstrak Maksimal (MEV)",Italian:"Valore Massimo Estraibile (MEV)",Korean:"최대추출가능가치(MEV)",Persian:"حداکثر ارزش قابل استخراج (MEV)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Valor máximo extraível (MEV)",Russian:"Максимальная извлекаемая ценность (MEV)",Spanish:"valor máximo extraíble (MEV)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)",Thai:"มูลค่าที่สกัดได้สูงสุด (MEV)",Turkish:"Maksimal Çıkarılabilir Değer (MEV)",Vietnamese:"Giá trị có thể trích xuất tối đa (MEV)",Arabic:"القيمة القصوى القابلة للاستخراج (MEV)","Traditional Chinese":"最大可提取价值",Dutch:"MEV (maximal extractable value)",Greek:"Μέγιστη εξαγώγιμη αξία (MEV)",Hindi:"मैक्सिमम एक्सट्रैक्टेबल वैल्यू (MEV)",Hungarian:"maximális kinyerhető érték (MKE)",Japanese:"最大抽出可能価値 (MEV)",Polish:"MEV (maksymalna wartość możliwa do wydobycia)",Ukrainian:"Максимальна вилучена цінність (MEV)"}},"Maximum Priority Fee":{term:"Maximum Priority Fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The fee, or 'miner tip', goes to the validator or miner, and incentivizes them to prioritize your transaction.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Maximum Priority Fee","Simplified Chinese":"最大优先交易费用",French:"Frais de priorité maximum",German:"Maximale Prioritätsgebühr",Indonesian:"Biaya Prioritas Maksimum",Italian:"Tariffa prioritaria massima",Korean:"최대 우선 요금",Persian:"حداکثر کارمزد اولویت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa de prioridade máxima",Russian:"Максимальная плата за приоритет",Spanish:"tarifa de prioridad máxima","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pinakamataas na Bayad sa Priyoridad",Thai:"ค่าแซงคิวสูงสุด",Turkish:"Maksimum Öncelik Ücreti",Vietnamese:"Phí ưu tiên tối đa",Arabic:"رسوم الأولوية القصوى","Traditional Chinese":"最大優先級費用",Dutch:"maximale priority fee",Greek:"Μέγιστη χρέωση προτεραιότητας",Hindi:"मैक्सिमम प्रायोरिटी फी",Hungarian:"maximális elsőbbségi díj",Japanese:"最大優先手数料",Polish:"Maksymalna opłata za priorytet",Ukrainian:"Максимальна плата за пріоритет"}},"memory pool; mempool":{term:"memory pool; mempool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"a.k.a. Transaction Pool When a user submits a transaction to the Ethereum network–or many other networks based on Ethereum–the transaction goes into what’s known as a “transaction pool”, or “txpool” for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the blockchain. There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are “picked up” and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made. In Bitcoin, the transaction pool was referred to as the “memory pool”, or “mempool”, and often these terms are used interchangeably.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"memory pool; mempool","Simplified Chinese":"内存池（Mempool）",French:"pool de stockage des transactions ; mempool",German:"Memory Pool; Mempool",Indonesian:"pool memori; mempool",Italian:"pool di memoria; mempool",Korean:"메모리 풀; 멤풀",Persian:"استخر حافظه؛ ممپول","Brazilian Portuguese":"pool de memória; mempool",Russian:"пул памяти; мемпул",Spanish:"grupo de memoria; mempool","Filipino (Tagalog)":"memory pool; mempool",Thai:"พูลเมมโมรี่, เมมพูล",Turkish:"bellek havuzu; mempool",Vietnamese:"bể ghi nhớ giao dịch; bể nhớ giao dịch",Arabic:"تجمع المعاملات؛ mempool","Traditional Chinese":"内存池",Dutch:"memory pool; mempool",Greek:"mempool",Hindi:"मेमोरी पूल; mempool",Hungarian:"memóriatár; mempool",Japanese:"メモリープール; メムプール",Polish:"Mempool (pula pamięci)",Ukrainian:"пул пам'яті; мемпул"}},Merge:{term:"Merge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Finalized in September 2022, the Merge was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning Ethereum from a Proof of Work consensus model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the network live. This was successful, and reduced the network’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Merge (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"合并",French:"Fusion (nom)",German:"Merge",Indonesian:"Gabungan (noun)",Italian:"Merge (noun)",Korean:"병합(명사)",Persian:"ادغام","Brazilian Portuguese":"Fusão",Russian:"«Слияние»",Spanish:"fusión","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Merge (pangngalan)",Thai:"เมิร์ช",Turkish:"Birleştirme",Vietnamese:"Hợp nhất (danh từ)",Arabic:"دمج الإيثريوم (Merge)","Traditional Chinese":"合併",Dutch:"merge",Greek:"Συγχώνευση",Hindi:"मर्ज (Merge) (नाउन)",Hungarian:"egyesítés",Japanese:"「マージ」",Polish:"Merge",Ukrainian:"Злиття"}},"Merkle Patricia trie":{term:"Merkle Patricia trie",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Often referred to simply as a 'Merkle trie' (pronounced 'tree'), a Merkle Patricia trie is a data structure in which a single hash code function (see 'hash') splits into smaller branches. In a similar way to a family tree, where a parent branch splits into child branches, which are then extrapolated into grandchild branches, a Merkle Patricia trie keeps a record of the filiation and history of each element. This type of data structure enables for faster verification on a blockchain network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Merkle Patricia trie","Simplified Chinese":"梅克尔树",French:"Arbre de Merkle",German:"Merkle Patricia-Trie",Indonesian:"Merkle Patricia trie",Italian:"Trie di Patricia Merkle",Korean:"머클패트리샤트리",Persian:"درخت مرکل پاتریشیا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Merkle Patricia trie",Russian:"Дерево Меркла",Spanish:"árbol de Merkle Patricia trie","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Merkle Patricia trie",Thai:"ต้นไม้ Merkle Patricia",Turkish:"Merkle Patricia trie",Vietnamese:"Cây Merkle Patricia",Arabic:"ميركل باتريشيا تري","Traditional Chinese":"梅克爾樹",Dutch:"Merkle Patricia-trie",Greek:"Merkle Patricia trie",Hindi:"मर्कल पेट्रीसिया ट्राई (Merkle Patricia trie)",Hungarian:"Merkle Patricia trie",Japanese:"マークルパトリシアツリー",Polish:"Drzewo skrótów",Ukrainian:"Merkle Patricia trie"}},Mesh:{term:"Mesh",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ConsenSys Mesh is a network of loosely coupled, tightly aligned teams, products, and investments advancing the Ethereum ecosystem and the arrival of web3.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Mesh","Simplified Chinese":"Mesh",French:"Mesh",German:"Mesh",Indonesian:"Mesh",Italian:"Mesh",Korean:"메시",Persian:"مش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Mesh",Russian:"Mesh",Spanish:"Mesh","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mesh",Thai:"Mesh",Turkish:"Mesh",Vietnamese:"Mesh",Arabic:"Mesh","Traditional Chinese":"Mesh",Dutch:"mesh",Greek:"Mesh",Hindi:"Mesh",Hungarian:"háló",Japanese:"Mesh",Polish:"Mesh",Ukrainian:"Mesh"}},metadata:{term:"Metadata",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'NFT metadata': Metadata is 'data that provides information about other data' Metadata",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Metadata","Simplified Chinese":"元数据",French:"Métadonnées",German:"Metadaten",Indonesian:"Metadata",Italian:"Metadati",Korean:"메타데이터",Persian:"فراداده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Metadados",Russian:"Метаданные",Spanish:"metadatos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Metadata",Thai:"ข้อมูลเมต้า",Turkish:"Meta veri",Vietnamese:"Metadata",Arabic:"البيانات الوصفية","Traditional Chinese":"詮釋資料",Dutch:"metadata",Greek:"Metadata",Hindi:"मेटाडाटा",Hungarian:"Metaadatok",Japanese:"メタデータ",Polish:"Metadane",Ukrainian:"Метадані"}},MetaMask:{term:"MetaMask",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask, either in its mobile app form on iOS and Android, or in its browser extension form, is a tool to access and interact with blockchains and the decentralized web. It allows users to manage their digital identity and the permission of others to interact with that identity; its functions include that of a wallet, a dapp permissions manager, and access to token swaps. It is an open-source project that encourages developers from other projects to build on top of it through MetaMask Snaps.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask",French:"MetaMask",German:"MetaMask",Indonesian:"MetaMask",Italian:"MetaMask",Korean:"MetaMask",Persian:"متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask",Russian:"MetaMask",Spanish:"MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask",Thai:"MetaMask",Turkish:"MetaMask",Vietnamese:"MetaMask",Arabic:"MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask",Dutch:"MetaMask",Greek:"MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask",Hungarian:"MetaMask",Japanese:"MetaMask",Polish:"MetaMask",Ukrainian:"MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Bridge":{term:"MetaMask Bridge",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Bridge: You can now access a curated, straightforward bridging experience in MetaMask Bridge, available at https://portfolio.metamask.io/bridge Only certain tokens and network combinations are available initially. MetaMask Bridge",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Bridge","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Bridge",French:"Passerelle Metamask",German:"MetaMask Bridge",Indonesian:"MetaMask Bridge",Italian:"MetaMask Bridge",Korean:"MetaMask 브릿지",Persian:"پل متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ponte da MetaMask",Russian:"Мост MetaMask",Spanish:"puente de MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Bridge",Thai:"MetaMask Bridge",Turkish:"MetaMask Köprüsü",Vietnamese:"Cầu MetaMask",Arabic:"جسر MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMaskMetaMask 跨鏈橋",Dutch:"MetaMask Bridge",Greek:"Γέφυρα MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask Bridge",Hungarian:"MetaMask Bridge",Japanese:"MetaMask Bridge",Polish:"MetaMask Bridge",Ukrainian:"Мост MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Community Platform":{term:"MetaMask Community Platform",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The MetaMask forums located at community.metamask.io MetaMask's community platform can be accessed here: MetaMask Community",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Community Platform","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask 社区平台",French:"Plateforme communautaire MetaMask",German:"MetaMask Community-Plattform",Indonesian:"Platform Komunitas MetaMask",Italian:"Piattaforma della Community di MetaMask",Korean:"MetaMask 커뮤니티 플랫폼",Persian:"پلتفرم انجمن متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Plataforma da Comunidade da MetaMask",Russian:"Платформа сообщества MetaMask",Spanish:"plataforma comunitaria de MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Platform ng Komunidad ng MetaMask",Thai:"แพลตฟอร์มชุมชน MetaMask",Turkish:"MetaMask Topluluk Platformu",Vietnamese:"Nền tảng cộng đồng MetaMask",Arabic:"منصة مجتمع MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 社群平台",Dutch:"MetaMask communityplatform",Greek:"Πλατφόρμα Κοινότητας MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask कम्युनिटी प्लेटफ़ॉर्म",Hungarian:"MetaMask közösségi platform",Japanese:"MetaMask コミュニティプラットフォーム",Polish:"Platforma społeczności MetaMask",Ukrainian:"Платформа спільноти MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Extension":{term:"MetaMask Extension",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask is a web browser extension and mobile app that allows you to manage your Ethereum private keys. By doing so, it serves as a wallet for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, MetaMask keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your Secret Recovery Phrase or other private keys. You retain all power over your crypto-identity.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Extension","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Extension",French:"Extension Metamask",German:"MetaMask-Erweiterung",Indonesian:"Ekstensi MetaMask",Italian:"Estensione MetaMask",Korean:"MetaMask 확장 프로그램",Persian:"افزونه متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"Extensão da MetaMask",Russian:"Расширение MetaMask",Spanish:"extensión de MetaMask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Extension ng MetaMask",Thai:"ส่วนขยาย MetaMask",Turkish:"MetaMask Uzantısı",Vietnamese:"Tiện ích mở rộng MetaMask",Arabic:"امتداد MetaMask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 擴充套件",Dutch:"MetaMask extensie",Greek:"Επέκταση MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask एक्सटेंशन",Hungarian:"MetaMask bővítmény",Japanese:"MetaMask 拡張機能",Polish:"Rozszerzenie MetaMask",Ukrainian:"Розширення MetaMask"}},"MetaMask Flask":{term:"MetaMask Flask",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Flask is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the MetaMask team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of MetaMask has. What is MetaMask Flask, and how is it different from normal MetaMask?",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Flask","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Flask",French:"MetaMask Flask",German:"MetaMask Flask",Indonesian:"MetaMask Flask",Italian:"MetaMask Flask",Korean:"MetaMask 플라스크",Persian:"متامسک فلسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask Flask",Russian:"MetaMask Flask",Spanish:"MetaMask Flask","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Flask",Thai:"MetaMask Flask",Turkish:"MetaMask Flask",Vietnamese:"MetaMask Flask",Arabic:"MetaMask Flask","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask Flask",Dutch:"MetaMask Flask",Greek:"MetaMask Flask",Hindi:"MetaMask Flask",Hungarian:"MetaMask Flask",Japanese:"MetaMask Flask",Polish:"MetaMask Flask",Ukrainian:"MetaMask Flask"}},"MetaMask Institutional":{term:"MetaMask Institutional",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Institutional is an institution-compliant version of the world’s leading web3 wallet, MetaMask. Organizations trust us to manage their web3 access and engagement with institution-required security, operational efficiency, and compliance. MetaMask Institutional",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Institutional","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Institutional",French:"MetaMask Institutional",German:"MetaMask Institutional",Indonesian:"MetaMask Institutional",Italian:"MetaMask Institutional",Korean:"MetaMask Institutional",Persian:"متامسک سازمانی","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask Institutional",Russian:"MetaMask Institutional",Spanish:"MetaMask Institutional","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Institutional",Thai:"MetaMask Institutional",Turkish:"MetaMask Institutional",Vietnamese:"MetaMask Institutional",Arabic:"MetaMask Institutional","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 機構版本",Dutch:"MetaMask Institutional",Greek:"MetaMask Institutional",Hindi:"MetaMask Institutional",Hungarian:"MetaMask Instututional",Japanese:"MetaMask Institutional",Polish:"MetaMask Institutional",Ukrainian:"MetaMask Institutional"}},"MetaMask Learn":{term:"MetaMask Learn",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. MetaMask Learn",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Learn","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask Learn",French:"MetaMask Learn",German:"MetaMask Learn",Indonesian:"MetaMask Learn",Italian:"MetaMask Learn",Korean:"MetaMask Learn",Persian:"آموزش متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMask Learn",Russian:"MetaMask Learn",Spanish:"MetaMask Learn","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask Learn",Thai:"MetaMask Learn",Turkish:"MetaMask Learn",Vietnamese:"MetaMask Learn",Arabic:"منصة التعلم MetaMask Learn","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 學習",Dutch:"MetaMask Learn",Greek:"Εκμάθηση MetaMask",Hindi:"MetaMask Learn",Hungarian:"MetaMask Learn",Japanese:"MetaMask Learn",Polish:"MetaMask Learn",Ukrainian:"MetaMask Learn"}},"MetaMask SDK":{term:"MetaMask SDK",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMask SDK (Software Development Kit) is a library that can be installed by developers in their projects. It will automatically guide their users to connect easily with a MetaMask Wallet client. MetaMask SDK",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask SDK","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMask SDK（软件开发工具包）",French:"MetaMask SDK",German:"MetaMask SDK",Indonesian:"MetaMask SDK",Italian:"MetaMask SDK",Korean:"MetaMask SDK",Persian:"کیت توسعه نرم‌افزار متامسک","Brazilian Portuguese":"SDK da MetaMask",Russian:"MetaMask SDK",Spanish:"MetaMask SDK","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMask SDK",Thai:"MetaMask SDK",Turkish:"MetaMask SDK",Vietnamese:"SDK MetaMask",Arabic:"MetaMask SDK","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMask 軟體開發套件",Dutch:"MetaMask SDK",Greek:"MetaMask SDK",Hindi:"MetaMask SDK",Hungarian:"MetaMask SDK",Japanese:"MetaMask SDK",Polish:"MetaMask SDK",Ukrainian:"MetaMask SDK"}},"MetaMask Snaps":{term:"MetaMask Snaps",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The first big feature shipped through Flask has been MetaMask Snaps. Snaps is a whole topic in and of itself, but think of it like this: Snaps allows developers to bring any kind of functionality they want to the application. Given how broad that is, and the potential security implications, snaps can only be used in Flask at the moment; however, the plan is to allow users to customize their MetaMask experience through this functionality.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMask Snaps","Simplified Chinese":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",French:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",German:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Indonesian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Italian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Korean:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Persian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Russian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Spanish:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Thai:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Turkish:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Vietnamese:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Arabic:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)","Traditional Chinese":"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Dutch:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Greek:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Hindi:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Hungarian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Japanese:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Polish:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)",Ukrainian:"Snaps (MetaMask Snaps)"}},MetaMetrics:{term:"MetaMetrics",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MetaMetrics is an opt-in analytics platform that aims to collect information on non-sensitive user events to help us improve the software for MetaMask users. How to manage your MetaMetrics settings",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"MetaMetrics","Simplified Chinese":"MetaMetrics",French:"MetaMetrics",German:"MetaMetrics",Indonesian:"MetaMetrics",Italian:"MetaMetrics",Korean:"MetaMetrics",Persian:"MetaMetrics","Brazilian Portuguese":"MetaMetrics",Russian:"MetaMetrics",Spanish:"MetaMetrics","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MetaMetrics",Thai:"MetaMetrics",Turkish:"MetaMetrics",Vietnamese:"MetaMetrics",Arabic:"تحليلات MetaMetrics","Traditional Chinese":"MetaMetrics",Dutch:"MetaMetrics",Greek:"MetaMetrics",Hindi:"MetaMetrics",Hungarian:"MetaMetrics",Japanese:"MetaMetrics",Polish:"MetaMetrics",Ukrainian:"MetaMetrics"}},metaverse:{term:"metaverse",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A metaverse is a digital universe that contains all the aspects of the real world, such as real-time interactions and economies. It offers a unique experience to end-users. Metaverse",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"metaverse","Simplified Chinese":"元宇宙",French:"métavers",German:"Metaverse",Indonesian:"metaverse",Italian:"metaverso",Korean:"메타버스",Persian:"متاورس","Brazilian Portuguese":"metaverso",Russian:"метавселенная",Spanish:"metaverso","Filipino (Tagalog)":"metaverse",Thai:"เมตาเวิร์ส",Turkish:"metaverse",Vietnamese:"vũ trụ ảo",Arabic:"ميتافرس","Traditional Chinese":"元宇宙",Dutch:"metaverse",Greek:"metaverse",Hindi:"metaverse",Hungarian:"metaverzum",Japanese:"メタバース",Polish:"Metawersum",Ukrainian:"метавсесвіт"}},"miner tip":{term:"miner tip",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The miner tip is the Maximum Priority Fee that incentivizes the miner to prioritize a transaction. Learn the basics of blockchains and Ethereum (miners and validators, gas, cryptocurrencies and NFTs, block explorer, networks, etc.)",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"miner tip","Simplified Chinese":"矿工费",French:"pourboire du mineur",German:"Miner Tip",Indonesian:"tip penambang",Italian:"mancia per i miner",Korean:"채굴기 팁",Persian:"انعام ماینر","Brazilian Portuguese":"gorjeta do minerador",Russian:"«чаевые» майнеру",Spanish:"propina del minero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"tip ng minero",Thai:"ทิปนักขุด",Turkish:"madenci bahşişi",Vietnamese:"tiền thưởng cho thợ đào",Arabic:"رسوم الأولوية","Traditional Chinese":"礦工小費",Dutch:"miner tip",Greek:"φιλοδώρημα υπεύθυνου εξόρυξης",Hindi:"माइनर (miner) टिप",Hungarian:"bányász tipp",Japanese:"マイナーチップ",Polish:"Miner tip (napiwek dla górnika/walidatora)",Ukrainian:"«чайові майнеру»"}},mining:{term:"mining",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The process by which blocks or transactions are verified and added to a blockchain using a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism. In order to verify a block, a miner must use a computer to solve a cryptographic problem. Once the computer has solved the problem, the block is considered “mined” or verified. On Bitcoin or other PoW blockchains, the first computer to mine or verify the block receives bitcoin, or the equivalent network token, as a reward.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"mining","Simplified Chinese":"挖矿",French:"minage",German:"Mining",Indonesian:"penambangan",Italian:"mining",Korean:"채굴",Persian:"استخراج","Brazilian Portuguese":"mineração",Russian:"майнинг",Spanish:"minería","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagmimina",Thai:"การขุด",Turkish:"madencilik",Vietnamese:"đào",Arabic:"التعدين","Traditional Chinese":"挖礦",Dutch:"mining",Greek:"εξόρυξη",Hindi:"माइनिंग",Hungarian:"bányászás",Japanese:"マイニング",Polish:"Kopanie kryptowalut",Ukrainian:"майнінг"}},Mint:{term:"Mint",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Minting refers to the act of publishing a token on the blockchain to make it transferrable and purchasable.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Mint","Simplified Chinese":"铸币",French:"Publier",German:"Prägung",Indonesian:"Cetak",Italian:"Mint",Korean:"민트",Persian:"ضرب کردن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cunhagem",Russian:"Выполнить минтинг",Spanish:"acuñar","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Mint",Thai:"สร้าง",Turkish:"Mint",Vietnamese:"Đúc",Arabic:"سكّ","Traditional Chinese":"鑄造",Dutch:"minten",Greek:"Mint",Hindi:"मिंट",Hungarian:"pénzverés",Japanese:"ミント",Polish:"Minting / mintowanie",Ukrainian:"Мінт"}},"mnemonic phrase":{term:"mnemonic phrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"This is an alternative way of referring to a Secret Recovery Phrase, also known as a 'seed phrase': a series of words that correspond to a very long cryptographic key, used to generate and control all the addresses of a crypto wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"mnemonic phrase","Simplified Chinese":"助记词",French:"phrase mnémotechnique",German:"Mnemonische Phrase",Indonesian:"frasa mnemonik",Italian:"frase mnemonica",Korean:"니모닉 구문",Persian:"عبارت یادآور","Brazilian Portuguese":"frase mnemônica",Russian:"мнемоническая фраза",Spanish:"frase mnemotécnica","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mnemonic na parirala",Thai:"วลีช่วยจำ",Turkish:"anımsatıcı ifade",Vietnamese:"cụm từ ghi nhớ",Arabic:"عبارة التذكر","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"mnemonic phrase",Greek:"Μνημονική φράση",Hindi:"नेमोनिक फ्रेज़",Hungarian:"mnemonikus szókapcsolat",Japanese:"ニーモニックフレーズ",Polish:"Mnemonic phrase",Ukrainian:"мнемонічна фраза"}},MobiKwik:{term:"MobiKwik",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MobiKwik is an Indian payment service provider founded in 2009 that provides a mobile phone-based payment system and digital wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"MobiKwik","Simplified Chinese":"MobiKwik",French:"MobiKwik",German:"MobiKwik",Indonesian:"MobiKwik",Italian:"MobiKwik",Korean:"모비퀵",Persian:"موبی کویک","Brazilian Portuguese":"MobiKwik",Russian:"MobiKwik",Spanish:"MobiKwik","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MobiKwik",Thai:"MobiKwik",Turkish:"MobiKwik",Vietnamese:"MobiKwik",Arabic:"MobiKwik","Traditional Chinese":"MobiKwik",Dutch:"MobiKwik",Greek:"MobiKwik",Hindi:"MobiKwik",Hungarian:"MobiKwik",Japanese:"MobiKwik",Polish:"MobiKwik",Ukrainian:"MobiKwik"}},"modular blockchain":{term:"modular blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Bitcoin is an example of a monolithic blockchain: all of the functions of the network (consensus, execution, data availability, and settlement) are run on one chain. This has significant drawbacks (see 'blockchain trilemma' for more). A modular blockchain, on the other hand, separates some or all of these functions into separate chains, each one optimized for its specific function, and relying on the other chains for the other functions. Ethereum is currently moving towards modularization, both on a protocol level beginning with the Merge, which split consensus and execution into two chains, and at the level of 'Layer 2' networks which provide optimized execution environments, and then 'roll up' their data to Ethereum for its consensus functionality.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"modular blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"模块化区块链",French:"blockchain modulaire / Chaîne de blocs modulaire",German:"Modulare Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain modular",Italian:"blockchain modulare",Korean:"모듈형 블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین مدولار","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain modular",Russian:"модульный блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques modular","Filipino (Tagalog)":"modular na blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนแยกส่วน",Turkish:"modüler blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối mô-đun",Arabic:"بلوكتشين قائم على نظام الوحدات","Traditional Chinese":"模塊化區塊鏈",Dutch:"modulaire blockchain",Greek:"τμηματοποιημένη αλυσίδα",Hindi:"मॉड्यूलर ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"moduláris blokklánc",Japanese:"モジュラー型ブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain modułowy",Ukrainian:"модульний блокчейн"}},MoonPay:{term:"MoonPay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"MoonPay is a financial technology company that builds payments infrastructure for crypto. Its on-and-off-ramp suite of products provides a seamless experience for converting between fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies using all major payment methods, including debit and credit cards, local bank transfers, Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Samsung Pay. MoonPay is active in more than 160 countries and is trusted by 300+ leading wallets, websites, and applications to accept payments and defeat fraud. The company is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2019.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"MoonPay","Simplified Chinese":"MoonPay",French:"MoonPay",German:"MoonPay",Indonesian:"MoonPay",Italian:"MoonPay",Korean:"MoonPay",Persian:"مون‌پِی","Brazilian Portuguese":"MoonPay",Russian:"MoonPay",Spanish:"MoonPay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"MoonPay",Thai:"MoonPay",Turkish:"MoonPay",Vietnamese:"MoonPay",Arabic:"MoonPay","Traditional Chinese":"MoonPay",Dutch:"MoonPay",Greek:"MoonPay",Hindi:"MoonPay",Hungarian:"MoonPay",Japanese:"MoonPay",Polish:"MoonPay",Ukrainian:"MoonPay"}},"multi-sig":{term:"multi-sig",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"multi-signature wallet (multisig) A crypto-asset wallet which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a transaction before they are able to access the wallet. This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a transaction.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"multi-sig","Simplified Chinese":"多重签名",French:"Multisig",German:"Multi-Sig",Indonesian:"multi-sig",Italian:"multi-sig",Korean:"다중서명",Persian:"چند امضایی","Brazilian Portuguese":"multisig",Russian:"multi-sig",Spanish:"multifirma","Filipino (Tagalog)":"multi-sig",Thai:"หลายลายเซ็น",Turkish:"çoklu imza",Vietnamese:"đa chữ ký",Arabic:"متعددة التوقيع","Traditional Chinese":"多重簽名",Dutch:"multi-sig",Greek:"Πολλαπλών υπογραφών",Hindi:"multi-sig",Hungarian:"több aláírású",Japanese:"マルチシグ",Polish:"Multisig",Ukrainian:"мультипідпис"}},"multi-signature wallet (multisig)":{term:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A crypto-asset wallet which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a transaction before they are able to access the wallet. This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a transaction.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)","Simplified Chinese":"多重签名钱包（multisig）",French:"portefeuille multi-signature (Multisig)",German:"Multi-Signatur-Wallet (Multi-Sig)",Indonesian:"dompet multi-signature (multisig)",Italian:"portafoglio multi-firma (multisig)",Korean:"다중서명지갑(multisig)",Persian:"کیف پول چند امضایی (multisig)","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira multiassinatura (multisig)",Russian:"кошелек с мультиподписью (multisig)",Spanish:"monadero multifirma","Filipino (Tagalog)":"multi-signature na wallet (multisig)",Thai:"วอลเล็ตหลายลายเซ็น (multisig)",Turkish:"çoklu imza cüzdanı",Vietnamese:"ví đa chữ ký (multisig)",Arabic:"محفظة متعددة التوقيع (multisig)","Traditional Chinese":"多重簽名",Dutch:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)",Greek:"πορτοφόλι πολλαπλών υπογραφών (multisig)",Hindi:"multi-signature wallet (multisig)",Hungarian:"több aláírású pénztárca (multisig)",Japanese:"マルチシグウォレット (マルチシグ)",Polish:"Portfel multi-signature (multisig)",Ukrainian:"гаманець з мультипідписом (multisig)"}},"Multifactor Authentication":{term:"Multifactor Authentication",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Authentication using two or more different factors to achieve authentication.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Multifactor Authentication","Simplified Chinese":"多因素身份验证",French:"Authentification multifactorielle",German:"Multifaktor-Authentifizierung",Indonesian:"Autentikasi Multifaktor",Italian:"Autenticazione a più fattori",Korean:"다중 인증",Persian:"احراز هویت چند عاملی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Autenticação multifator",Russian:"Многофакторная аутентификация",Spanish:"autenticación multifactor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Multifactor na Pagpapatunay",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ตัวจริงหลายปัจจัย",Turkish:"Çok Faktörlü Kimlik Doğrulaması",Vietnamese:"Xác thực đa yếu tố",Arabic:"مصادقة متعددة العوامل","Traditional Chinese":"多因素認證",Dutch:"meervoudige verificatie",Greek:"Έλεγχος ταυτότητας πολλών παραγόντων",Hindi:"मल्टीफैक्टर ऑथेंटिकेशन",Hungarian:"Többtényezős hitelesítés",Japanese:"多要素認証",Polish:"Uwierzytelnianie wielopoziomowe",Ukrainian:"Багатофакторна автентифікація"}},"Near-Field Communication (NFC)":{term:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more capable wireless connections..",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)","Simplified Chinese":"近距离无线通讯（NFC）",French:"Communication en champ proche (NFC)",German:"Near Field Communication (NFC)",Indonesian:"Komunikasi Near-Field (NFC)",Italian:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",Korean:"근거리 무선 통신(NFC)",Persian:"ارتباطات در محدوده نزدیک (NFC)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Comunicação por campo de proximidade (NFC)",Russian:"Технология ближней бесконтактной связи (NFC)",Spanish:"comunicación de campo cercano (NFC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",Thai:"การสื่อสารไร้สายระยะใกล้ (NFC)",Turkish:"Yakın Alan İletişimi (NFC)",Vietnamese:"Giao tiếp trường gần (NFC)",Arabic:"خاصية الاتصال قريب المدى (NFC)","Traditional Chinese":"近距離無線通訊",Dutch:"NFC (near-field communication)",Greek:"Επικοινωνία κοντινού πεδίου (NFC)",Hindi:"नियर-फील्ड कम्युनिकेशन (NFC)",Hungarian:"Near-Field Communication (NFC)",Japanese:"近距離無線通信 (NFC)",Polish:"NFC (komunikacja bliskiego zasięgu)",Ukrainian:"Комунікація ближнього поля (NFC"}},"Nested Blockchain":{term:"Nested Blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A nested blockchain is essentially a blockchain within — or, rather, atop — another blockchain. See 'Layer 2'",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Nested Blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"嵌套区块链",French:"Blockchain imbriquée / Chaîne de blocs imbriquée",German:"Verschachtelte Blockchain",Indonesian:"Nested Blockchain",Italian:"Nested Blockchain",Korean:"중첩블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین تودرتو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Blockchain aninhada",Russian:"Вложенный блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques anidada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Nested na Blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนย่อย",Turkish:"Nested (İç İçe) Blokzincir",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi khối lồng nhau",Arabic:"بلوكتشين متداخل","Traditional Chinese":"巢狀區塊鏈",Dutch:"nested blockchain",Greek:"Nested Blockchain",Hindi:"नेस्टेड ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"beágyazott blokklánc",Japanese:"ネストされたブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain zagnieżdżony",Ukrainian:"Вкладений блокчейн"}},Network:{term:"Network",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A network refers to all nodes in the operation of a blockchain at any given moment in time.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Network","Simplified Chinese":"网络",French:"Réseau",German:"Netzwerk",Indonesian:"Jaringan",Italian:"Rete",Korean:"네트워크",Persian:"شبکه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rede",Russian:"Сеть",Spanish:"red","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Network",Thai:"เครือข่าย",Turkish:"Ağ",Vietnamese:"Mạng",Arabic:"شبكة","Traditional Chinese":"網路",Dutch:"netwerk",Greek:"Network (Δίκτυο)",Hindi:"नेटवर्क",Hungarian:"hálózat",Japanese:"ネットワーク",Polish:"Sieć",Ukrainian:"Мережа"}},"Network Congestion":{term:"Network Congestion",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. Congestion",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Network Congestion","Simplified Chinese":"网络拥塞",French:"Congestion de réseau",German:"Netzwerküberlastung",Indonesian:"Kemacetan Jaringan",Italian:"Congestione della rete",Korean:"네트워크 정체",Persian:"ازدحام شبکه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Congestionamento de rede",Russian:"Перегрузка сети",Spanish:"congestión de red","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pagsisikip ng Network",Thai:"ความแออัดของเครือข่าย",Turkish:"Ağ Tıkanıklığı",Vietnamese:"Nghẽn mạng",Arabic:"ازدحام الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"網路擁塞",Dutch:"netwerkcongestie",Greek:"Συμφόρηση δικτύου",Hindi:"नेटवर्क कंजेस्शन",Hungarian:"hálózati torlódás",Japanese:"ネットワークの輻輳",Polish:"Przeciążenie sieci",Ukrainian:"Перевантаження мережі"}},NFT:{term:"NFT",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"When discussing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), “fungibility” refers to an object’s ability to be exchanged for another. For example, an individual dollar is considered fungible, as one dollar is fully interchangeable with another. Artwork is usually deemed non-fungible, as paintings or sculptures are likely to be unequal between them in quality, value, or other attributes. A non-fungible token is a type of token that is a unique digital asset and has no equal token. This is in contrast to cryptocurrencies like ether that are fungible in nature.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"NFT","Simplified Chinese":"NFT",French:"NFT",German:"NFT",Indonesian:"NFT",Italian:"NFT",Korean:"NFT",Persian:"ان‌اف‌تی","Brazilian Portuguese":"NFT",Russian:"NFT",Spanish:"NFT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"NFT",Thai:"NFT",Turkish:"NFT",Vietnamese:"NFT",Arabic:"رمز NFT","Traditional Chinese":"非同質化代幣",Dutch:"NFT",Greek:"NFT (Μη ανταλλάξιμο διακριτικό)",Hindi:"NFT",Hungarian:"NFT",Japanese:"NFT",Polish:"NFT",Ukrainian:"NFT"}},"NFT aggregator":{term:"NFT aggregator",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the initial wave of interest in buying and selling NFTs, a number of NFT marketplaces--websites where you can buy and sell NFTs--were created. As the market matured, aggregators appeared, which offer the user the ability to view available stock and price, buy and sell across marketplaces from a single unified application. Similar to familiar web2 shopping portals, these have come to be known as NFT Marketplace Aggregators, or just NFT Aggregators.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"NFT aggregator","Simplified Chinese":"NFT 聚合器",French:"Agrégateur NFT",German:"NFT-Aggregator",Indonesian:"agregator NFT",Italian:"Aggregatore NFT",Korean:"NFT 애그리게이터",Persian:"تجمیع‌کننده ان‌اف‌تی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Agregador de NFTs",Russian:"NFT-агрегатор",Spanish:"agregador de NFT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"NFT aggregator",Thai:"ผู้รวบรวม NFT",Turkish:"NFT toplayıcı",Vietnamese:"Nền tảng giao dịch NFT",Arabic:"مُجمِعّ NFT","Traditional Chinese":"非同質化代幣聚合交易平台",Dutch:"NFT-aggregator",Greek:"NFT aggregator",Hindi:"NFT एग्रीगेटर",Hungarian:"NFT-aggregátor",Japanese:"NFT アグリゲーター",Polish:"Agregator NFT",Ukrainian:"NFT-агрегатор"}},"NFT drop":{term:"NFT drop",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An NFT drop happens when a new NFT collection is released. NFT drops can vary in both how the NFTs are sold (listed for sale or auction), and in who they’re released to (the public, or a specific list called an “allowlist”). Often, NFT drops coincide with when the NFTs in the collection are minted, that is, written to the blockchain. You might hear these terms used interchangeably— a drop might be referred to as the project’s mint.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"NFT drop","Simplified Chinese":"NFT 投放",French:"mise en vente de NFT",German:"NFT-Drop",Indonesian:"NFT drop",Italian:"NFT drop",Korean:"NFT 하락",Persian:"ایردراپ ان‌اف‌تی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Drop de NFTs",Russian:"NFT-дроп",Spanish:"drop de NFT","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Paglaglag ng NFT",Thai:"การปล่อยผลงาน NFT",Turkish:"NFT drop",Vietnamese:"Tặng NFT",Arabic:"توزيع NFT","Traditional Chinese":"NFT drop",Dutch:"NFT-drop",Greek:"NFT drop",Hindi:"NFT ड्रॉप",Hungarian:"NFT-csepp",Japanese:"NFT ドロップ",Polish:"Drop / zrzut NFT",Ukrainian:"NFT-дроп"}},Ngrave:{term:"Ngrave",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Crypto hardware wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Ngrave","Simplified Chinese":"Ngrave",French:"Ngrave",German:"Ngrave",Indonesian:"Ngrave",Italian:"Ngrave",Korean:"N그레이브",Persian:"کیف پول Ngrave","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ngrave",Russian:"Ngrave",Spanish:"Ngrave","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ngrave",Thai:"Ngrave",Turkish:"Ngrave",Vietnamese:"Ngrave",Arabic:"Ngrave","Traditional Chinese":"Ngrave",Dutch:"Ngrave",Greek:"Ngrave",Hindi:"Ngrave",Hungarian:"Ngrave",Japanese:"Ngrave",Polish:"Ngrave",Ukrainian:"Ngrave"}},node:{term:"node",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Public blockchains consist of a network of computers which sync the network's data, coordinate transaction requests, and participate in consensus regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a 'node'. A full node is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific blockchain. In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” node does not download all pieces of a blockchain’s data, and uses a different validation process.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"node","Simplified Chinese":"节点",French:"nœud",German:"Node",Indonesian:"node",Italian:"nodo",Korean:"노드",Persian:"گره","Brazilian Portuguese":"node",Russian:"узел",Spanish:"nodo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"node",Thai:"โหนด",Turkish:"düğüm",Vietnamese:"nút",Arabic:"عقدة","Traditional Chinese":"節點",Dutch:"node",Greek:"κόμβος",Hindi:"नोड",Hungarian:"csomópont",Japanese:"ノード",Polish:"Węzeł",Ukrainian:"вузол"}},"Non-fungible token":{term:"Non-fungible token",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See NFT",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Non-fungible token","Simplified Chinese":"非同质化代币",French:"Jeton non fongible",German:"Non-Fungible token",Indonesian:"Non-fungible token",Italian:"Non-fungible token",Korean:"대체불가토큰",Persian:"توکن بی‌همتا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Token não fungível",Russian:"Невзаимозаменяемый токен",Spanish:"token no fungible","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Non-fungible token",Thai:"โทเค็นที่ไม่สามารถทดแทนได้",Turkish:"Nitelikli fikri tapu",Vietnamese:"Mã thông báo không thể thay thế",Arabic:"رمز غير قابل للاستبدال","Traditional Chinese":"非同質化代幣",Dutch:"non-fungible token",Greek:"Μη Εναλλάξιμα Κρυπτοπαραστατικά",Hindi:"नॉन-फंजिबिल टोकन",Hungarian:"nem helyettesíthető token",Japanese:"非代替性トークン",Polish:"Niewymienny token",Ukrainian:"Невзаємозамінний токен"}},nonce:{term:"nonce",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The word ‘nonce’ has a few different meanings, and in different contexts, it ends up getting used a lot of different ways. Originally formed from a contraction of a phrase meaning “not more than once”, on the Ethereum Mainnet, “nonce” refers to a unique transaction identification number that increases in value with each successive transaction in order to ensure various safety features (such as preventing a double-spend). Note that due to its broader use in cryptography, you may encounter ‘nonce’ being used differently on other sidechains or decentralized projects.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"nonce","Simplified Chinese":"唯一交易标识号",French:"nonce",German:"Nonce",Indonesian:"nonce",Italian:"nonce",Korean:"논스",Persian:"نانس","Brazilian Portuguese":"nonce",Russian:"одноразовый код",Spanish:"nonce","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nonce",Thai:"นอนซ์",Turkish:"nonce",Vietnamese:"số nonce",Arabic:"الرقم التعريفي","Traditional Chinese":"僅使用一次的數字",Dutch:"nonce",Greek:"αριθμολέξημα",Hindi:"nonce",Hungarian:"nonce",Japanese:"ナンス",Polish:"Nonce",Ukrainian:"одноразовий номер"}},"off-chain":{term:"off-chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A transaction that is processed outside the blockchain network with an increased speed and reduced cost. There are two different transactions that occur on the blockchain: On-chain transactions are those reflected on the distributed ledger and are visible to all the network users. On the other hand, off-chain transactions occur outside the blockchain network. Such a transaction doesn’t need the services of miners because no ledger verification is conducted. Unlike on-chain transactions, off-chain transactions can be made instantly. This method entails lower fees, happens instantly, and offers more anonymity.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"off-chain","Simplified Chinese":"链下",French:"hors chaîne",German:"Off-Chain",Indonesian:"off-chain",Italian:"off-chain",Korean:"오프체인",Persian:"برون زنجیره‌ای","Brazilian Portuguese":"off-chain",Russian:"оффчейн",Spanish:"fuera de cadena","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wala sa chain",Thai:"นอกเชน",Turkish:"zincir dışı",Vietnamese:"ngoài chuỗi",Arabic:"خارج البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"鏈下",Dutch:"off-chain",Greek:"εκτός αλυσίδας",Hindi:"ऑफ-चेन",Hungarian:"láncon kívüli",Japanese:"オフチェーン",Polish:"Transakcje off-chain (poza łańcuchem)",Ukrainian:"офчейн-транзакція"}},"ommer block":{term:"ommer block",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Under the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, miners received rewards for being the first to mine a new block. However, at times a block would be mined just after, and in competition with, the last block. This block, known as an ommer and previously as an uncle, could get rolled into subsequent blocks and the miner of the original ommer would get a partial block reward. All of this functionality was deprecated as of the launch of the Beacon Chain.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"ommer block","Simplified Chinese":"ommer 区块",French:"bloc ommer",German:"Ommer Block",Indonesian:"block ommer",Italian:"ommer block",Korean:"오머 블록",Persian:"بلاک اومر","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco ommer",Russian:"блок оммер",Spanish:"bloque ommer","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ommer block",Thai:"ออมเมอร์บล็อก",Turkish:"ommer blok",Vietnamese:"khối ommer",Arabic:"كتلة ommer","Traditional Chinese":"叔塊",Dutch:"ommerblock",Greek:"ommer block",Hindi:"ओमेर (ommer) ब्लॉक",Hungarian:"ommer blokk",Japanese:"オマーブロック",Polish:"Ommer",Ukrainian:"оммер-блок"}},"on-chain":{term:"on-chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"On-chain, as the name implies, refers to blockchain transactions that exist on and have been verified to the blockchain by miners or validators. On-Chain also means that transactions have been recorded to the blockchain",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"on-chain","Simplified Chinese":"链上",French:"dans la chaîne",German:"On-Chain",Indonesian:"on-chain",Italian:"on-chain",Korean:"온체인",Persian:"درون زنجیره‌ای","Brazilian Portuguese":"on-chain",Russian:"ончейн",Spanish:"en cadena","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nasa chain",Thai:"ในเชน",Turkish:"zincir içi",Vietnamese:"trên chuỗi",Arabic:"على البلوكتشين","Traditional Chinese":"鏈上",Dutch:"on-chain",Greek:"εντός αλυσίδας",Hindi:"ऑन-चेन",Hungarian:"láncon belüli",Japanese:"オンチェーン",Polish:"Transakcje on-chain (w łańcuchu)",Ukrainian:"ончейн-транзакція"}},"on-ramp, off-ramp":{term:"on-ramp, off-ramp",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Based on a metaphor from the American highway system, 'on-ramp' refers to a tool, or a service provider, or the action, of converting fiat currency into tokens on a blockchain. Conversely, 'off-ramp' refers to exchanging on-chain assets for their value in a given fiat currency. There are many providers of such services, and MetaMask users have access to them through the 'Buy Crypto' feature.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"on-ramp, off-ramp","Simplified Chinese":"充值，提现",French:"conversion de monnaie fiat en jetons sur la blockchain (on-ramp), échange d’actifs de la blockchain en monnaie fiat (off-ramp)",German:"On-Ramp, Off-Ramp",Indonesian:"on-ramp; off-ramp",Italian:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Korean:"온램프, 오프램프",Persian:"مسیر ورود، مسیر خروج","Brazilian Portuguese":"on-ramp, off-ramp",Russian:"он-рэмп, офф-рэмп",Spanish:"rampa de acceso, rampa de salida","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nasa rampa, wala sa rampa",Thai:"แลกเข้า, แลกออก",Turkish:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Vietnamese:"chuyển đổi xuôi, chuyển đổi ngược",Arabic:"تحويل أصل رقمي إلى عملة عادية، عملة عادية إلى أصل رقمي","Traditional Chinese":"入金、出金",Dutch:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Greek:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Hindi:"ऑन-रैंप, ऑफ-रैंप",Hungarian:"on-ramp, off-ramp",Japanese:"オンランプ, オフランプ",Polish:"Usługi on-ramp, off-ramp",Ukrainian:"он-ремп, оф-ремп"}},OpenSea:{term:"OpenSea",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"OpenSea is the world's first and largest web3 marketplace for NFTs and crypto collectibles.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"OpenSea","Simplified Chinese":"OpenSea",French:"OpenSea",German:"OpenSea",Indonesian:"OpenSea",Italian:"OpenSea",Korean:"OpenSea",Persian:"اوپن سی","Brazilian Portuguese":"OpenSea",Russian:"OpenSea",Spanish:"OpenSea","Filipino (Tagalog)":"OpenSea",Thai:"OpenSea",Turkish:"OpenSea",Vietnamese:"OpenSea",Arabic:"OpenSea","Traditional Chinese":"OpenSea",Dutch:"OpenSea",Greek:"OpenSea",Hindi:"OpenSea",Hungarian:"OpenSea",Japanese:"OpenSea",Polish:"OpenSea",Ukrainian:"OpenSea"}},Opera:{term:"Opera",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Internet browser.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Opera","Simplified Chinese":"Opera",French:"Opera",German:"Opera",Indonesian:"Opera",Italian:"Opera",Korean:"오페라",Persian:"اپرا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Opera",Russian:"Opera",Spanish:"Opera","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Opera",Thai:"Opera",Turkish:"Opera",Vietnamese:"Opera",Arabic:"أوبرا","Traditional Chinese":"Opera",Dutch:"Opera",Greek:"Opera",Hindi:"Opera",Hungarian:"Opera",Japanese:"Opera",Polish:"Opera",Ukrainian:"Opera"}},Optimism:{term:"Optimism",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Optimism is a layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum, which is a blockchain-based platform for decentralized applications. It is designed to reduce the cost and increase the speed of transactions on the Ethereum network. Optimism works by using a technique called optimistic rollups, which allows it to process a large number of transactions off-chain, while still maintaining the security and decentralization of the Ethereum network. In optimistic rollups, transactions are initially processed off-chain, and a summary of these transactions is then submitted to the Ethereum network for verification. This verification process ensures that the transactions are valid and that no fraud has occurred. Once the transactions are verified, they are added to the Ethereum blockchain, allowing users to interact with the decentralized applications built on the platform.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Optimism","Simplified Chinese":"Optimism",French:"Optimism",German:"Optimism",Indonesian:"Optimism",Italian:"Optimism",Korean:"Optimism",Persian:"شبکه آپتیمیزم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Optimism",Russian:"Optimism",Spanish:"Optimism","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Optimism",Thai:"Optimism",Turkish:"Optimism",Vietnamese:"Optimism",Arabic:"Optimism","Traditional Chinese":"Optimism",Dutch:"Optimism",Greek:"Optimism",Hindi:"Optimism",Hungarian:"Optimism",Japanese:"Optimism",Polish:"Optimism",Ukrainian:"Optimism"}},"optimistic rollup":{term:"optimistic rollup",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A rollup that assumes the validity and good faith of transactions, and only runs a fraud proof in the case of fraud being alleged. See also 'rollup'.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"optimistic rollup","Simplified Chinese":"乐观性扩容方案（ORU）",French:"rollup optimisé",German:"Optimistischer Rollup",Indonesian:"optimistic rollup",Italian:"rollup ottimistico",Korean:"옵티미스틱 롤업",Persian:"راهکارهای خوشبینانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"rollup otimista",Russian:"оптимистичный роллап",Spanish:"rollup optimista","Filipino (Tagalog)":"optimistic rollup",Thai:"โรลล์อัปแบบออปติมิสติก",Turkish:"optimistik rollup",Vietnamese:"tổng hợp lạc quan",Arabic:"تجميعات Optimistic","Traditional Chinese":"optimistic rollup",Dutch:"optimistic rollup",Greek:"optimistic rollup",Hindi:"ऑप्टिमिस्टिक रॉलअप",Hungarian:"optimista összesítés",Japanese:"オプティミスティックロールアップ",Polish:"Rollup optymistyczny",Ukrainian:"оптимістичний роллап"}},Oracle:{term:"Oracle",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Typically, an oracle is any entity or person that is relied on to report the outcome of an event. In a blockchain network an oracle (human or machine) helps communicate data to a smart contract, which can then be used to verify an event or specific outcome.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Oracle","Simplified Chinese":"预言机",French:"Oracle",German:"Oracle",Indonesian:"Oracle",Italian:"Oracle",Korean:"오라클",Persian:"اوراکل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Oráculo",Russian:"Oracle",Spanish:"oráculo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Orakulo",Thai:"ออราเคิล",Turkish:"Oracle",Vietnamese:"Nguồn cấp dữ liệu",Arabic:"أوراكل","Traditional Chinese":"預言機",Dutch:"oracle",Greek:"Oracle",Hindi:"Oracle",Hungarian:"Oracle",Japanese:"Oracle",Polish:"Wyrocznia (Oracle)",Ukrainian:"Oracle"}},ParaSwap:{term:"ParaSwap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ParaSwap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator that optimizes swaps for users through better prices, limited gas fees, and lower slippage. ParaSwap sources their liquidity from major DEXes such as Uniswap, Balancer, Curve, Kyber, in addition to ParaSwapPool, their professional Market Maker network.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"ParaSwap","Simplified Chinese":"ParaSwap",French:"ParaSwap",German:"ParaSwap",Indonesian:"ParaSwap",Italian:"ParaSwap",Korean:"파라스왑",Persian:"پاراسواپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"ParaSwap",Russian:"Paraswap",Spanish:"ParaSwap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ParaSwap",Thai:"ParaSwap",Turkish:"ParaSwap",Vietnamese:"ParaSwap",Arabic:"ParaSwap","Traditional Chinese":"ParaSwap",Dutch:"ParaSwap",Greek:"ParaSwap",Hindi:"ParaSwap",Hungarian:"ParaSwap",Japanese:"ParaSwap",Polish:"ParaSwap",Ukrainian:"ParaSwap"}},parity:{term:"parity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In a general sense, to say that something 'has parity' with another thing means 'equal in features or other important quality', and is a phrase often used by software developers and computer scientists.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"parity","Simplified Chinese":"parity",French:"parité",German:"Parität",Indonesian:"paritas",Italian:"parità",Korean:"패리티",Persian:"کلاینت پریتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"paridade",Russian:"паритет",Spanish:"paridad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagkakapantay-pantay",Thai:"แพริตี",Turkish:"parite",Vietnamese:"ngang bằng",Arabic:"Parity","Traditional Chinese":"同等",Dutch:"pariteit",Greek:"ισοτιμία",Hindi:"पैरिटी",Hungarian:"paritás",Japanese:"パリティ",Polish:"Parytet",Ukrainian:"паритет"}},Parity:{term:"Parity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Parity Technologies is the name of a blockchain technology company that is developing a number of significant projects in the blockchain space. One of its first projects was an Ethereum client, known as Parity; its name was changed to Parity Ethereum, and then was spun out as a DAO-owned and operated project called Open Ethereum, which has also been deprecated. See also 'client'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Parity","Simplified Chinese":"Parity",French:"Parity",German:"Parity",Indonesian:"Parity",Italian:"Parity",Korean:"Parity",Persian:"Parity","Brazilian Portuguese":"Parity",Russian:"Parity",Spanish:"Parity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Parity",Thai:"Parity",Turkish:"Parity",Vietnamese:"Parity",Arabic:"Parity","Traditional Chinese":"Parity",Dutch:"Parity",Greek:"Parity",Hindi:"Parity",Hungarian:"Parity",Japanese:"Parity",Polish:"Parity",Ukrainian:"Parity"}},Passphrase:{term:"Passphrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'Secret Recovery Phrase'",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Passphrase","Simplified Chinese":"密语",French:"Phrase d’authentification",German:"Passphrase",Indonesian:"Passphrase",Italian:"Passphrase",Korean:"패스프레이즈",Persian:"عبارت عبور","Brazilian Portuguese":"Frase secreta",Russian:"Парольная фраза",Spanish:"frase de contraseña","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Passphrase",Thai:"วลีรหัสผ่าน",Turkish:"Parola",Vietnamese:"Cụm mật khẩu",Arabic:"عبارة المرور","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"wachtwoordzin",Greek:"Φράση πρόσβασης",Hindi:"पासफ्रेज़",Hungarian:"jelszó",Japanese:"パスフレーズ",Polish:"Passphrase",Ukrainian:"Парольна фраза"}},"password manager":{term:"password manager",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A password manager is a tool or software that stores all sorts of passwords needed for online applications and services. Password manager",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"password manager","Simplified Chinese":"密码管理工具",French:"gestionnaire de mots de passe",German:"Passwortmanager",Indonesian:"pengelola kata sandi",Italian:"gestore di password",Korean:"비밀번호 매니저",Persian:"مدیر گذرواژه","Brazilian Portuguese":"gerenciador de senhas",Russian:"менджер паролей",Spanish:"gestor de contraseñas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"tagapamahala ng password",Thai:"เครื่องมือจัดการรหัสผ่าน",Turkish:"şifre yöneticisi",Vietnamese:"trình quản lý mật khẩu",Arabic:"مدير كلمات المرور","Traditional Chinese":"密鑰管理員",Dutch:"wachtwoordmanager",Greek:"Διαχείριση κωδικών πρόσβασης",Hindi:"password manager",Hungarian:"jelszókezelő",Japanese:"パスワードマネージャー",Polish:"Menedżer haseł",Ukrainian:"менеджер паролів"}},PayPal:{term:"PayPal",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"PayPal is a multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"PayPal","Simplified Chinese":"PayPal",French:"PayPal",German:"PayPal",Indonesian:"PayPal",Italian:"PayPal",Korean:"PayPal",Persian:"پی‌پل","Brazilian Portuguese":"PayPal",Russian:"PayPal",Spanish:"PayPal","Filipino (Tagalog)":"PayPal",Thai:"PayPal",Turkish:"PayPal",Vietnamese:"PayPal",Arabic:"PayPal","Traditional Chinese":"PayPal",Dutch:"PayPal",Greek:"PayPal",Hindi:"PayPal",Hungarian:"PayPal",Japanese:"PayPal",Polish:"PayPal",Ukrainian:"PayPal"}},"peer-to-peer (P2P)":{term:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"P2P refers to interactions that happen directly between two parties, usually two separate individuals, and have been present in Internet technology in different ways for some time. These interactions are often coordinated through some sort of app or network, which can consist of any number of individuals. Public blockchains can be considered to have a high degree of P2P functionality, as individuals are able to transact or interact with each other without relying on an intermediary or single point of failure.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"peer-to-peer (P2P)","Simplified Chinese":"点对点（P2P）",French:"Pair-à-pair (P2P)",German:"Peer-to-Peer (P2P)",Indonesian:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Italian:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Korean:"피어 투 피어(P2P)",Persian:"همتا به همتا (P2P)","Brazilian Portuguese":"ponto a ponto (P2P)",Russian:"пиринговый (P2P)",Spanish:"entre pares (P2P)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Thai:"เพียร์ทูเพียร์ (P2P)",Turkish:"eşler arası (P2P)",Vietnamese:"ngang hàng (P2P)",Arabic:"نظير إلى نظير (P2P)","Traditional Chinese":"點對點式網路",Dutch:"peer-to-peer (P2P)",Greek:"P2P (μεταξύ ομοτίμων)",Hindi:"पियर-टू-पियर (P2P)",Hungarian:"ponttól-pontig (P2P)",Japanese:"ピアツーピア (P2P)",Polish:"Peer-to-peer (P2P)",Ukrainian:"однорангова мережа (P2P)"}},"permissioned ledger":{term:"permissioned ledger",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain network in which access to ledger or network requires permission from an individual or group of individuals, as opposed to a public blockchain. Permissioned ledgers may have one or many owners. Consensus on a permissioned ledger is conducted by the trusted actors, such as government departments, banks, or other known entities. Permissioned blockchains or ledgers contain highly-verifiable data sets because the consensus process creates a digital signature, which can be seen by all parties. A permissioned ledger is much easier to maintain and considerably faster than a public blockchain. For example, Quorum or Hyperledger Besu are permissioned ledgers that can be more easily set up for large enterprises. In contrast, the public Ethereum blockchain is a permissionless ledger which anyone can access.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"permissioned ledger","Simplified Chinese":"许可账本",French:"registre autorisé",German:"Permissioned Blockchain",Indonesian:"ledger yang diizinkan",Italian:"permissioned ledger",Korean:"허가된 원장",Persian:"دفترکل مجوزدار","Brazilian Portuguese":"registro autorizado",Russian:"разрешенный реестр",Spanish:"registro autorizado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pinahintulutang ledger",Thai:"บัญชีที่อนุญาตแล้ว",Turkish:"izinli kayıt defteri",Vietnamese:"sổ cái được cấp phép",Arabic:"سجل بإذن","Traditional Chinese":"帶權限的賬本",Dutch:"permissioned ledger",Greek:"permissioned ledger (πρόσβαση σε συγκεκριμένους μόνο χρήστες)",Hindi:"परमिशंड लेजर",Hungarian:"engedélyezett főkönyv",Japanese:"許可型台帳",Polish:"Rejestr ograniczony (permissioned ledger)",Ukrainian:"дозволений реєстр"}},"phishing (noun)":{term:"phishing (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Phishing is a form of social engineering where attackers deceive people into revealing sensitive information or installing malware such as ransomware.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"phishing (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"网络钓鱼",French:"hameçonnage (nom)",German:"Phishing",Indonesian:"phishing (noun)",Italian:"phishing (noun)",Korean:"피싱(명사)",Persian:"فیشینگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"phishing",Russian:"фишинг",Spanish:"suplantación de identidad (sustantivo)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"phishing (pangngalan)",Thai:"ฟิชชิ่ง",Turkish:"kimlik avı",Vietnamese:"lừa đảo qua mạng (danh từ)",Arabic:"التصيد الاحتيالي","Traditional Chinese":"網路釣魚",Dutch:"phishing",Greek:"ηλεκτρονικό ψάρεμα",Hindi:"फ़िशिंग (नाउन)",Hungarian:"adathalászat",Japanese:"フィッシング",Polish:"Phishing",Ukrainian:"фішинг"}},Plasma:{term:"Plasma",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Plasma' is a term that is used to refer to one of the solutions being built and deployed in order to securely scale the Ethereum network. A Plasma network functions similarly to an optimistic rollup, inasmuch as it relies on Ethereum Mainnet to maintain the record of transactions, and as the source for arbitration or fraud resolution. However, a Plasma network differs in other important technical ways from rollups, and is currently limited to simple operations, such as swaps and token transfers. More technical information is available here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Plasma","Simplified Chinese":"Plasma",French:"Plasma",German:"Plasma",Indonesian:"Plasma",Italian:"Plasma",Korean:"플라즈마",Persian:"پلاسما","Brazilian Portuguese":"Plasma",Russian:"Plasma",Spanish:"Plasma","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Plasma",Thai:"พลาสมา",Turkish:"Plazma",Vietnamese:"Giải pháp Plasma",Arabic:"Plasma","Traditional Chinese":"以太坊等離子體",Dutch:"Plasma",Greek:"Plasma",Hindi:"प्लाज़्मा",Hungarian:"plazma",Japanese:"Plasma",Polish:"Plasma",Ukrainian:"Plasma"}},"PoA, PoS, PoW":{term:"PoA, PoS, PoW",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronyms standing for Proof of X consensus mechanisms: Authority, Stake, Work. The “o” is lowercase since you wouldn’t capitalize “of” when writing out the phrase. See also 'consensus', 'Proof of Authority', 'Proof of Stake', 'Proof of Work'.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"PoA, PoS, PoW","Simplified Chinese":"权威证明，权益证明，工作量证明",French:"PoA, PoS, PoW",German:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Indonesian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Italian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Korean:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Persian:"اثبات اعتبار، اثبات سهام، اثبات کار","Brazilian Portuguese":"PoA, PoS, PoW",Russian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Spanish:"PoA, PoS, PoW","Filipino (Tagalog)":"PoA, PoS, PoW",Thai:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Turkish:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Vietnamese:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Arabic:"PoA, PoS, PoW","Traditional Chinese":"授權證明、權益證明、工作量證明",Dutch:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Greek:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Hindi:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Hungarian:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Japanese:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Polish:"PoA, PoS, PoW",Ukrainian:"PoA, PoS, PoW"}},Polygon:{term:"Polygon",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum that aims to address the scalability issues of the Ethereum blockchain. It is designed to provide faster and cheaper transactions with the same level of security and decentralization as the Ethereum network. Polygon achieves this by creating a multi-chain ecosystem that is built on top of the Ethereum network. This ecosystem consists of various interconnected sidechains that can process transactions independently of the main Ethereum blockchain. These sidechains are called 'Polygon chains' or 'commit chains'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Polygon","Simplified Chinese":"Polygon",French:"Polygon",German:"Polygon",Indonesian:"Polygon",Italian:"Polygon",Korean:"Polygon",Persian:"پالیگان","Brazilian Portuguese":"Polygon",Russian:"Polygon",Spanish:"Polygon","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Polygon",Thai:"Polygon",Turkish:"Polygon",Vietnamese:"Polygon",Arabic:"Polygon","Traditional Chinese":"Polygon",Dutch:"Polygon",Greek:"Polygon",Hindi:"Polygon",Hungarian:"Polygon",Japanese:"Polygon",Polish:"Polygon",Ukrainian:"Polygon"}},Portfolio:{term:"Portfolio",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Portfolio Dapp enables you to view all your MetaMask accounts and their assets in one place. It aggregates values from across your accounts and shows your total holdings, making it easier than ever to get an at-a-glance summary of their value in your chosen currency. Getting started with MetaMask Portfolio",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Portfolio","Simplified Chinese":"Portfolio",French:"Portfolio",German:"Portfolio",Indonesian:"Portfolio",Italian:"Portfolio",Korean:"Portfolio",Persian:"پرتفوی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Portfolio",Russian:"Portfolio",Spanish:"Portfolio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Portfolio",Thai:"พอร์ตเงิน",Turkish:"Portfolio",Vietnamese:"Portfolio",Arabic:"المحفظة","Traditional Chinese":"Portfolio",Dutch:"Portfolio",Greek:"Portfolio",Hindi:"Portfolio",Hungarian:"Portfolio",Japanese:"Portfolio",Polish:"Portfolio",Ukrainian:"Portfolio"}},"PoS/PoW Hybrid":{term:"PoS/PoW Hybrid",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A hybrid consensus model that utilizes a combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of Work (PoW) consensus. Using this Hybrid consensus mechanism, blocks are validated from not only miners, but also voters (stakeholders) to form a balanced network governance.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"PoS/PoW Hybrid","Simplified Chinese":"权益证明/工作量证明混合共识",French:"hybride PoS/PoW",German:"PoS / PoW Hybrid",Indonesian:"PoS/PoW Hybrid",Italian:"PoS/PoW ibrido",Korean:"PoS/PoW 하이브리드",Persian:"تلفیق هیبریدی گواه اثبات سهام/اثبات کار","Brazilian Portuguese":"PoS/PoW híbrido",Russian:"Гибрид PoS/PoW",Spanish:"híbrido PoS/PoW","Filipino (Tagalog)":"PoS/PoW Hybrid",Thai:"PoS/PoW Hybrid",Turkish:"Hibrit PoS/PoW Mutabakatı",Vietnamese:"Lai PoS/PoW",Arabic:"خوارزمية PoS/PoW هجينة","Traditional Chinese":"權益證明/ 工作量證明混合",Dutch:"hybride van PoS en PoW",Greek:"Υβριδικό PoS/PoW",Hindi:"PoS/PoW हाइब्रिड",Hungarian:"PoS/PoW hibrid",Japanese:"PoS/PoW ハイブリッド",Polish:"Hybrydowy konsensus PoS/PoW",Ukrainian:"Гібрид PoS/PoW"}},"Priority fee":{term:"Priority fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The priority fee, also referred to as the 'miner tip', incentivizes the miner to prioritize your transaction. Naturally, whether this does actually go to a miner depends on the consensus mechanism they use: Ethereum mainnet became a Proof of Stake network following the Merge in September 2022, so the priority fee goes to validators instead of miners.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Priority fee","Simplified Chinese":"优先费用",French:"Frais de priorité",German:"Prioritätsgebühr",Indonesian:"Biaya prioritas",Italian:"Tariffa prioritaria",Korean:"우선 요금",Persian:"کارمزد اولویت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Taxa de prioridade",Russian:"Плата за приоритет",Spanish:"tarifa de prioridad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Bayad sa priyoridad",Thai:"ค่าแซงคิว",Turkish:"Öncelik ücreti",Vietnamese:"Phí ưu tiên",Arabic:"رسوم الأولوية","Traditional Chinese":"優先費",Dutch:"priority fee",Greek:"Τέλος προτεραιότητας",Hindi:"प्रायोरिटी फी",Hungarian:"elsőbbségi díj",Japanese:"優先手数料",Polish:"Opłata za priorytet",Ukrainian:"Плата за пріоритет"}},"private blockchain":{term:"private blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A blockchain or distributed ledger that has a closed network wherein participants are controlled by a single entity. A private blockchain requires a verification process for new participants. A private blockchain may also limit which individuals are able to participate in consensus of the blockchain network. See also 'permissioned ledger'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"private blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"私有区块链",French:"blockchain privée/ chaîne de blocs privée",German:"Private Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain pribadi",Italian:"blockchain privata",Korean:"프라이빗 블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain privada",Russian:"закрытый блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques privada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pribadong blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนส่วนตัว",Turkish:"özel blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối riêng",Arabic:"بلوكتشين خاص","Traditional Chinese":"私有鏈",Dutch:"private blockchain",Greek:"ιδιωτική αλυσίδα block",Hindi:"प्राइवेट ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"privát blokklánc",Japanese:"プライベートブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain prywatny",Ukrainian:"приватний блокчейн"}},"private currency":{term:"private currency",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A currency or token issued by a private individual or firm. Typically, the token or currency is limited to use within the network of that particular firm or individual. This is not to be confused with a “privacy cryptocurrency”, which are cryptocurrencies with specific privacy features, such as hidden user identities.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"private currency","Simplified Chinese":"私人货币",French:"devise privée/monnaie privée",German:"Private Währung",Indonesian:"mata uang pribadi",Italian:"valuta privata",Korean:"프라이빗 통화",Persian:"ارز خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"moeda privada",Russian:"частная валюта",Spanish:"moneda privada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pribadong salapi",Thai:"สกุลเงินส่วนตัว",Turkish:"özel para birimi",Vietnamese:"đồng tiền riêng",Arabic:"عملة خاصة","Traditional Chinese":"私人貨幣",Dutch:"private currency",Greek:"ιδιωτικό νόμισμα",Hindi:"प्राइवेट करेंसी",Hungarian:"magánvaluta",Japanese:"プライベート通貨",Polish:"Pieniądz prywatny",Ukrainian:"приватна валюта"}},"private key":{term:"private key",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A private key is an alphanumeric string of data that, in MetaMask, corresponds to a single specific account in a wallet. Private keys can be thought of as a password that enables an individual to control a specific crypto account. Never reveal your private key to anyone, as whoever controls the private key controls the account funds. If you lose your private key, then you lose access to, and control over, that account.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"private key","Simplified Chinese":"私钥",French:"clé privée",German:"Privater Schlüssel",Indonesian:"kunci pribadi",Italian:"chiave privata",Korean:"개인 키",Persian:"کلید خصوصی","Brazilian Portuguese":"chave privada",Russian:"закрытый ключ",Spanish:"clave privada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pribadong key",Thai:"คีย์ส่วนตัว",Turkish:"özel anahtar",Vietnamese:"khóa riêng",Arabic:"مفتاح خاص","Traditional Chinese":"私鑰",Dutch:"privésleutel",Greek:"ιδιωτικό κλειδί",Hindi:"प्राइवेट की (key)",Hungarian:"privát kulcs",Japanese:"秘密鍵",Polish:"Klucz prywatny",Ukrainian:"закритий ключ"}},"Proof of Authority (PoA)":{term:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus mechanism used in private blockchains, granting a single private key the authority to generate all of the blocks or validate transactions.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Proof of Authority (PoA)","Simplified Chinese":"权威证明（PoA）",French:"Preuve d’autorité (PoA)",German:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Indonesian:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Italian:"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Korean:"권한증명(PoA)",Persian:"اثبات اعتبار (PoA)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de autoridade (PoA)",Russian:"Доказательство полномочий (PoA)",Spanish:"prueba de autoridad (PoA)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Proof of Authority (PoA)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ด้วยอำนาจ (PoA)",Turkish:"Yetki İspatı (PoA)",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng uỷ quyền (PoA)",Arabic:"خوارزمية إثبات السلطة (PoA)","Traditional Chinese":"權威證明",Dutch:"proof of authority (PoA)",Greek:"Απόδειξη Αρχής (Proof of Authority) (PoA)",Hindi:"प्रूफ ऑफ अथॉरिटी (PoA)",Hungarian:"jogosultság igazolása (JI)",Japanese:"プルーフオブオーソリティ (PoA)",Polish:"Proof Authority – POA (dowód autorytetu)",Ukrainian:"Підтвердження повноважень (PoA)"}},"Proof of Stake (PoS)":{term:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus mechanism in which an individual node, or “validator”, validates transactions or blocks. Validators lock up a certain amount of cryptocurrency, such as ether, into a ‘stake’, in order to be able to participate in consensus. If the node validates a block (group of transactions) correctly, then the validator receives a reward. Conversely, if the validator behaves poorly by validating incorrect transactions or by not maintaining sufficient network connectivity, the cryptocurrency they staked can be ‘slashed’, or taken from them and put out of circulation (‘burned’). PoS requires a negligible amount of computing power compared to Proof of Work consensus.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Proof of Stake (PoS)","Simplified Chinese":"权益证明（PoS）",French:"Preuve d’enjeu (PoS)",German:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Indonesian:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Italian:"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Korean:"지분 증명(PoS)",Persian:"اثبات سهام (PoS)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de participação (PoS)",Russian:"Доказательство доли владения (PoS)",Spanish:"prueba de participación (PoS)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Proof of Stake (PoS)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์แบบมีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย (PoS)",Turkish:"Hisse İspatı (PoS)",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng cổ phần (PoS)",Arabic:"خوارزمية إثبات الحصة (PoS)","Traditional Chinese":"權益證明",Dutch:"proof of stake (PoS)",Greek:"Απόδειξης συμμετοχής (PoS)",Hindi:"प्रूफ ऑफ स्टेक (PoS)",Hungarian:"Tét igazolása (TI)",Japanese:"プルーフオブステーク (PoS)",Polish:"Proof of Stake – PoS (dowód stawki)",Ukrainian:"Доказ частки володіння (PoS)"}},"Proof of Work (PoW)":{term:"Proof of Work (PoW)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A consensus mechanism in which each block is ‘mined’ by one of the nodes, or a group of nodes, on the network. The computational process involved in committing a series of transactions into a block on the network, known as ‘hashing a block’, is technically quite simple, and therefore subject to attack. Under PoW, each miner must solve a math problem to find a set, difficult variable in order to be able to propose their block to the network as the next to be ‘mined’. In effect, the process of hashing each block becomes a competition. This addition of solving for a target increases the difficulty of successfully hashing each block, and consequently the security of the network. For each hashed block, the overall process of hashing will have taken some time and computational effort. Thus, a hashed block is considered Proof of Work, and the miner that successfully hashes the block first receives a reward, in the form of cryptocurrency. PoW is singificantly more energy-intensive than other consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Stake.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Proof of Work (PoW)","Simplified Chinese":"工作量证明（PoW）",French:"Preuve de travail (PoW)",German:"Proof of Work (PoW)",Indonesian:"Proof of Work (PoW)",Italian:"Proof of Work (PoW)",Korean:"작업증명(PoW)",Persian:"اثبات کار (PoW)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de trabalho (PoW)",Russian:"Доказательство работы (PoW)",Spanish:"prueba de trabajo (PoW)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Proof of Work (PoW)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ด้วยการทำงาน (PoW)",Turkish:"İş İspatı (PoW)",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng công việc (PoW)",Arabic:"خوارزمية إثبات العمل (PoW)","Traditional Chinese":"工作量證明",Dutch:"proof of work (PoW)",Greek:"Απόδειξη εργασίας (PoW)",Hindi:"प्रूफ ऑफ वर्क (PoW)",Hungarian:"Munka igazolása (MI)",Japanese:"プルーフオブワーク (PoW)",Polish:"Proof of Work – PoW (dowód wykonania pracy)",Ukrainian:"Доказ виконання роботи (PoW)"}},protocol:{term:"protocol",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Formally speaking, a 'protocol' is a set of rules governing how a process is carried out. This concept is used throughout public blockchain networks and web3 to refer to the way smart contracts execute their functionality in the same way regardless of the user. The products or services built on top of smart contracts are often referred to as 'protocols' by extension.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"protocol","Simplified Chinese":"协议",French:"protocole",German:"Protokoll",Indonesian:"protokol",Italian:"protocollo",Korean:"프로토콜",Persian:"پروتکل","Brazilian Portuguese":"protocolo",Russian:"протокол",Spanish:"protocolo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"protocol",Thai:"โพรโตคอล",Turkish:"protokol",Vietnamese:"giao thức",Arabic:"بروتوكول","Traditional Chinese":"協議",Dutch:"protocol",Greek:"πρωτόκολλο",Hindi:"प्रोटोकॉल",Hungarian:"protokoll",Japanese:"プロトコル",Polish:"protokół",Ukrainian:"протокол"}},"public blockchain":{term:"public blockchain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A globally open network wherein anyone can participate in transactions, participate in the consensus protocol to help determine which blocks get added to the chain, maintain and examine the contents of the chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"public blockchain","Simplified Chinese":"公共区块链",French:"blockchain publique/chaîne de blocs publique",German:"Öffentliche Blockchain",Indonesian:"blockchain publik",Italian:"blockchain pubblica",Korean:"퍼블릭 블록체인",Persian:"بلاک‌چین عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"blockchain pública",Russian:"публичный блокчейн",Spanish:"cadena de bloques pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pampublikong blockchain",Thai:"บล็อกเชนสาธารณะ",Turkish:"genel blokzinciri",Vietnamese:"chuỗi khối công khai",Arabic:"بلوكتشين عام","Traditional Chinese":"公有鏈",Dutch:"openbare blockchain/public blockchain",Greek:"δημόσια αλυσίδα block",Hindi:"पब्लिक ब्लॉकचेन",Hungarian:"nyilvános blokklánc",Japanese:"パブリックブロックチェーン",Polish:"Blockchain publiczny",Ukrainian:"публічний блокчейн"}},"public key":{term:"public key",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Public blockchain networks are just that: public. Their data is accessible and readable by anyone. In order to have any degree of usability when it comes to allowing users to do some things, like send transactions, but not others, like steal other peoples' tokens, cryptographic technology is used. In particular, a design paradigm known as 'public/private key pairs' is employed to ensure users can interact with others on the network as they wish, while keeping their own account secure. These key pairs consist of two long strings of alphanumeric characters. A public key can be derived mathematically from its corresponding private key, but the inverse is not true: it is mathematically impossible to derive a private key from its corresponding public key. This allows, for example, users to have a public wallet address that anyone can use to send them tokens, with the peace of mind that as long as they properly keep the corresponding private key safe, those tokens cannot be stolen. See also 'private key'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"public key","Simplified Chinese":"公钥",French:"clé publique",German:"Öffentlicher Schlüssel",Indonesian:"kunci publik",Italian:"chiave pubblica",Korean:"공개 키",Persian:"کلید عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"chave pública",Russian:"открытый ключ",Spanish:"clave pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pampublikong key",Thai:"คีย์สาธารณะ",Turkish:"genel anahtar",Vietnamese:"khóa công khai",Arabic:"مفتاح عام","Traditional Chinese":"公開金鑰",Dutch:"publieke sleutel/public key",Greek:"δημόσιο κλειδί",Hindi:"पब्लिक की (key)",Hungarian:"nyilvános kulcs",Japanese:"公開鍵",Polish:"Klucz publiczny",Ukrainian:"відкритий ключ"}},"Public-Key Cryptography":{term:"Public-Key Cryptography",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'public key',see 'Cryptography', see 'blockchain'. Public-Key Cryptography",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Public-Key Cryptography","Simplified Chinese":"公钥加密",French:"Cryptographie à clé publique",German:"Public-Key-Kryptographie",Indonesian:"Kriptografi Kunci Publik",Italian:"Crittografia chiave pubblica",Korean:"공개 키 암호화",Persian:"رمزنگاری کلید عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Criptografia de chave pública",Russian:"Криптография с открытым ключом",Spanish:"criptografía de clave pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pampublikong-Key na Kriptograpiya",Thai:"วิทยาการรหัสลับคีย์สาธารณะ",Turkish:"Açık Anahtarlı Şifreleme",Vietnamese:"Mật mã hoá khóa công khai",Arabic:"تشفير المفتاح العام","Traditional Chinese":"公開金鑰密碼學",Dutch:"asymmetrische cryptografie/publieke-sleutelcryptografie",Greek:"Κρυπτογράφηση δημοσίου κλειδιού",Hindi:"Public-Key Cryptography",Hungarian:"nyilvános kulcsú kriptográfia",Japanese:"公開鍵暗号技術",Polish:"Kryptografia klucza publicznego",Ukrainian:"Криптографія з відкритим ключем"}},"Public-Key Infrastructure":{term:"Public-Key Infrastructure",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a collection of roles, rules, hardware, software, and processes for creating, managing, distributing, using, storing, and revoking digital certificates. Public-Key Infrastructure",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Public-Key Infrastructure","Simplified Chinese":"公钥基础设施",French:"Infrastructure de clé publique",German:"Public-Key-Infrastruktur",Indonesian:"Infrastruktur Kunci Publik",Italian:"Infrastruttura chiave pubblica",Korean:"공개 키 인프라",Persian:"زیرساخت کلید عمومی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Infraestrutura de chave pública",Russian:"Инфраструктура открытых ключей",Spanish:"infraestructura de clave pública","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pampublikong-Key na Imprastraktura",Thai:"โครงสร้างพื้นฐานคีย์สาธารณะ",Turkish:"Açık Anahtarlı Altyapı",Vietnamese:"Hạ tầng khoá công khai",Arabic:"بنية المفتاح العام","Traditional Chinese":"公開金鑰基礎建設",Dutch:"publieke-sleutelinfrastructuur",Greek:"Υποδομή δημόσιου κλειδιού",Hindi:"Public-Key Infrastructure",Hungarian:"nyilvános kulcsú infrastruktúra",Japanese:"公開鍵暗号基盤",Polish:"Infrastruktura klucza publicznego",Ukrainian:"Інфраструктура відкритих ключів"}},"QR code":{term:"QR code",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A QR code is a type of matrix barcode, constituting a machine-readable optical label that can contain information about the item to which it is attached.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"QR code","Simplified Chinese":"二维码",French:"Code QR",German:"QR-Code",Indonesian:"Kode QR",Italian:"Codice QR",Korean:"QR 코드",Persian:"کیوآر کد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Código QR",Russian:"QR-код",Spanish:"código QR","Filipino (Tagalog)":"QR code",Thai:"รหัส QR",Turkish:"QR kodu",Vietnamese:"Mã QR",Arabic:"رمز الاستجابة السريعة","Traditional Chinese":"QR碼",Dutch:"QR-code",Greek:"κωδικός QR",Hindi:"QR कोड",Hungarian:"QR-kód",Japanese:"QR コード",Polish:"Kod QR",Ukrainian:"Код QR"}},Quorum:{term:"Quorum",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"ConsenSys Quorum enables enterprises to leverage Ethereum for their high-value blockchain applications. Businesses can rely on the Quorum open-source protocol layer and integrate on top of it product modules from ConsenSys, other companies, or your own in-house development team to build high-performance, customizable applications. Quorum",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Quorum","Simplified Chinese":"Quorum",French:"Quorum",German:"Quorum",Indonesian:"Quorum",Italian:"Quorum",Korean:"Quorum",Persian:"Quorum","Brazilian Portuguese":"Quorum",Russian:"Quorum",Spanish:"Quorum","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Quorum",Thai:"Quorum",Turkish:"Quorum",Vietnamese:"Quorum",Arabic:"Quorum","Traditional Chinese":"Quorum",Dutch:"Quorum",Greek:"Quorum",Hindi:"Quorum",Hungarian:"Quorum",Japanese:"Quorum",Polish:"Quorum",Ukrainian:"Quorum"}},Rarible:{term:"Rarible",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An NFT marketplace.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Rarible","Simplified Chinese":"Rarible",French:"Rarible",German:"Rarible",Indonesian:"Rarible",Italian:"Rarible",Korean:"라리블",Persian:"رریبل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rarible",Russian:"Rarible",Spanish:"Rarible","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rarible",Thai:"Rarible",Turkish:"Rarible",Vietnamese:"Rarible",Arabic:"Rarible","Traditional Chinese":"Rarible",Dutch:"Rarible",Greek:"Rarible",Hindi:"Rarible",Hungarian:"Rarible",Japanese:"Rarible",Polish:"Rarible",Ukrainian:"Rarible"}},relayer:{term:"relayer",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A relayer is an intermediary that facilitates the exchange or transfer of information, assets, or services between two or more parties. The term is used in various fields, including finance, communication, and technology. In the context of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, a relayer typically refers to an intermediary that facilitates peer-to-peer transactions on a decentralized network. This can include decentralized exchanges (DEXs), where relayers act as matching engines to connect buyers and sellers of digital assets. A few examples of popular relayers include 0x: 0x is a decentralized exchange protocol that enables the creation of relayers on the Ethereum blockchain. These relayers can be built by anyone and allow for peer-to-peer trading of ERC-20 tokens. Kyber Network: Kyber Network is a decentralized liquidity network that also operates as a relayer. It enables users to trade a wide range of digital assets, including ERC-20 tokens, without the need for a centralized intermediary. Uniswap: Uniswap is a popular decentralized exchange that operates as a relayer. It uses an automated market maker (AMM) system to enable peer-to-peer trading of ERC-20 tokens. AirSwap: AirSwap is a decentralized exchange that operates as a peer-to-peer relayer on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses an off-chain order book to match buyers and sellers and execute trades.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"relayer","Simplified Chinese":"中继器",French:"relayeur",German:"Relayer",Indonesian:"relayer",Italian:"relayer",Korean:"릴레이어",Persian:"رله‌کننده","Brazilian Portuguese":"relayer",Russian:"ретранслятор",Spanish:"repetidor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"tagapaghatid",Thai:"รีเลเยอร์",Turkish:"düzenleyici",Vietnamese:"sàn chuyển tiếp",Arabic:"ناقل","Traditional Chinese":"中繼器",Dutch:"relayer",Greek:"αποδέκτης",Hindi:"रीलेयर (relayer)",Hungarian:"összekötő",Japanese:"リレイヤー",Polish:"Relayer",Ukrainian:"ретранслятор"}},"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)":{term:"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as JSON-RPC, which is its full name; see ‘JSON-RPC’ for further details.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)","Simplified Chinese":"远程过程调用（RPC）",French:"Appel de procédure à distance (RPC)",German:"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)",Indonesian:"Panggilan Prosedur Jarak Jauh (RPC)",Italian:"Chiamata di procedura remota (RPC)",Korean:"원격 프로시저 호출(RPC)",Persian:"فراخوانی رویه از راه دور","Brazilian Portuguese":"Chamada de procedimento remoto (RPC)",Russian:"Удаленный вызов процедур (RPC)",Spanish:"llamada a procedimiento remoto (RPC)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)",Thai:"การเรียกโปรแกรมย่อยระยะไกล (PRC)",Turkish:"Uzak Yordam Çağrısı (RPC)",Vietnamese:"Gọi hàm từ xa (RPC)",Arabic:"استدعاء الإجراء البعيد (RPC)","Traditional Chinese":"遠端程序呼叫",Dutch:"remote procedure call (RPC)",Greek:"Κλήση απομακρυσμένης διαδικασίας (RPC)",Hindi:"रिमोट प्रोसीजर कॉल (RPC)",Hungarian:"távoli eljáráshívás (TE)",Japanese:"遠隔手続き呼び出し (RPC)",Polish:"Zdalne wywołanie procedury (RPC)",Ukrainian:"Віддалений виклик процедур (RPC)"}},Rinkeby:{term:"Rinkeby",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; Following the transition to Proof of Stake, Rinkeby scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Rinkeby","Simplified Chinese":"Rinkeby",French:"Rinkeby",German:"Rinkeby",Indonesian:"Rinkeby",Italian:"Rinkeby",Korean:"린케비",Persian:"رینکبای","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rinkeby",Russian:"Rinkeby",Spanish:"Rinkeby","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rinkeby",Thai:"Rinkeby",Turkish:"Rinkeby",Vietnamese:"Rinkeby",Arabic:"Rinkeby","Traditional Chinese":"Rinkeby",Dutch:"Rinkeby",Greek:"Rinkeby",Hindi:"Rinkeby",Hungarian:"Rinkeby",Japanese:"Rinkeby",Polish:"Rinkeby",Ukrainian:"Rinkeby"}},Roadmap:{term:"Roadmap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A planning technique which lays out the short and long term goals of a particular project within a flexible estimated timeline.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Roadmap","Simplified Chinese":"路线图",French:"Feuille de route",German:"Roadmap",Indonesian:"Peta jalan",Italian:"Roadmap",Korean:"로드맵",Persian:"نقشه راه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Roteiro",Russian:"План-график",Spanish:"Hoja de ruta","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Roadmap",Thai:"แผนดำเนินการ",Turkish:"Yol haritası",Vietnamese:"Lộ trình",Arabic:"خارطة الطريق","Traditional Chinese":"路線圖",Dutch:"roadmap",Greek:"Οδικός χάρτης",Hindi:"रोडमैप",Hungarian:"terv",Japanese:"ロードマップ",Polish:"Kompleksowy plan działania",Ukrainian:"Дорожня карта"}},"Rocket Pool":{term:"Rocket Pool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Rocket Pool is a decentralized Ethereum staking pool.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Rocket Pool","Simplified Chinese":"Rocket Pool",French:"Rocket Pool",German:"Rocket Pool",Indonesian:"Rocket Pool",Italian:"Rocket Pool",Korean:"로켓풀",Persian:"راکت پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rocket Pool",Russian:"Rocket Pool",Spanish:"Rocket Pool","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rocket Pool",Thai:"Rocket Pool",Turkish:"Rocket Pool",Vietnamese:"Rocket Pool",Arabic:"Rocket Pool","Traditional Chinese":"Rocket Pool",Dutch:"Rocket Pool",Greek:"Rocket Pool",Hindi:"रॉकेट पूल",Hungarian:"Rocket Pool",Japanese:"Rocket Pool",Polish:"Rocket Pool",Ukrainian:"Rocket Pool"}},rollups:{term:"rollups",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Rollups (pronounced 'roll ups') are one element in the set of tools and infrastructure being built as scaling solutions for the Ethereum network. They consist, in general, of networks which prioritize their ability to compute transactions and smart contract functionality, and then 'roll up' those transactions to Ethereum Mainnet for secure verification of their validity. There are different ways of approaching this problem from a technical point of view, namely Zero Knowledge, or ZK, rollups, and Optimistic rollups. Arbitrum and Optimism are prominent examples. See the entries on both of these types of rollup for more, and more in-depth discussion here.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"rollups","Simplified Chinese":"扩容方案",French:"rollups",German:"Rollups",Indonesian:"rollup",Italian:"rollup",Korean:"롤업",Persian:"رول‌آپ‌ها","Brazilian Portuguese":"rollups",Russian:"роллапы",Spanish:"rollups","Filipino (Tagalog)":"rollups",Thai:"โรลล์อัป",Turkish:"rolluplar",Vietnamese:"tổng hợp",Arabic:"تجميعات","Traditional Chinese":"交易卷",Dutch:"rollups",Greek:"rollups",Hindi:"रॉलअप्स",Hungarian:"rollupok",Japanese:"ロールアップ",Polish:"Rollupy",Ukrainian:"роллапи"}},Ropsten:{term:"Ropsten",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Ropsten","Simplified Chinese":"Ropsten",French:"Ropsten",German:"Ropsten",Indonesian:"Ropsten",Italian:"Ropsten",Korean:"롭스텐",Persian:"راپستن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Ropsten",Russian:"Ropsten",Spanish:"Ropsten","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Ropsten",Thai:"Ropsten",Turkish:"Ropsten",Vietnamese:"Ropsten",Arabic:"Ropsten","Traditional Chinese":"Ropsten",Dutch:"Ropsten",Greek:"Ropsten",Hindi:"Ropsten",Hungarian:"Ropsten",Japanese:"Ropsten",Polish:"Ropsten",Ukrainian:"Ropsten"}},RPC:{term:"RPC",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as JSON-RPC, which is its full name; see 'JSON-RPC' for further details.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"RPC","Simplified Chinese":"RPC（远程过程调用）",French:"RPC",German:"RPC",Indonesian:"RPC",Italian:"RPC",Korean:"RPC",Persian:"RPC","Brazilian Portuguese":"RPC",Russian:"RPC",Spanish:"RPC","Filipino (Tagalog)":"RPC",Thai:"RPC",Turkish:"RPC",Vietnamese:"RPC",Arabic:"استدعاء الإجراء البعيد (RPC)","Traditional Chinese":"遠端程序呼叫",Dutch:"RPC",Greek:"RPC",Hindi:"RPC",Hungarian:"TE",Japanese:"RPC",Polish:"RPC",Ukrainian:"RPC"}},"rug pull":{term:"rug pull",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Similar to the traditional financial scam of a pyramid scheme, a 'rug pull' is a cryptocurrency or crypto-token based scam in which the creators of the token create hype, through injecting liquidity into their token, airdropping, and other schemes, and once investors pile in and boost the price of the token up to a certain point, the creators liquidate their (generally majority) share of the tokens, leaving their investors with next to nothing.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"rug pull","Simplified Chinese":"跑路",French:"escroquerie du tirage de tapis (rug pull)",German:"Rug Pull",Indonesian:"rug pull",Italian:"rug pull",Korean:"러그 풀",Persian:"‏کلاهبرداری راگ پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"puxada de tapete",Russian:"раг-пулл",Spanish:"tirón de alfombra","Filipino (Tagalog)":"rug pull",Thai:"กลโกงแบบหอบหนี",Turkish:"rug pull (halı çekme)",Vietnamese:"rút thảm",Arabic:"هروب المحتالين","Traditional Chinese":"拉地毯",Dutch:"rug pull",Greek:"rug pull",Hindi:"रग पुल (rug pull)",Hungarian:"rug pull",Japanese:"ラグプル",Polish:"Rug pull",Ukrainian:"«витягування килимка»"}},Safeheron:{term:"Safeheron",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Safeheron is an open-source platform for managing digital assets.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Safeheron","Simplified Chinese":"Safeheron",French:"Safeheron",German:"Safeheron",Indonesian:"Safeheron",Italian:"Safeheron",Korean:"세이프헤론",Persian:"Safeheron","Brazilian Portuguese":"Safeheron",Russian:"Safeheron",Spanish:"Safeheron","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Safeheron",Thai:"Safeheron",Turkish:"Safeheron",Vietnamese:"Safeheron",Arabic:"Safeheron","Traditional Chinese":"Safeheron",Dutch:"Safeheron",Greek:"Safeheron",Hindi:"Safeheron",Hungarian:"Safeheron",Japanese:"Safeheron",Polish:"Safeheron",Ukrainian:"Safeheron"}},"Samsung Pay":{term:"Samsung Pay",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Samsung Pay is a mobile payment and digital wallet service that lets users make payments using compatible phones and other Samsung-produced devices.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Samsung Pay","Simplified Chinese":"Samsung Pay",French:"Samsung Pay",German:"Samsung Pay",Indonesian:"Samsung Pay",Italian:"Samsung Pay",Korean:"삼성페이",Persian:"پرداخت سامسونگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Samsung Pay",Russian:"Samsung Pay",Spanish:"Samsung Pay","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Samsung Pay",Thai:"Samsung Pay",Turkish:"Samsung Pay",Vietnamese:"Samsung Pay",Arabic:"Samsung Pay","Traditional Chinese":"Samsung Pay",Dutch:"Samsung Pay",Greek:"Samsung Pay",Hindi:"Samsung Pay",Hungarian:"Samsung Pay",Japanese:"Samsung Pay",Polish:"Samsung Pay",Ukrainian:"Samsung Pay"}},sandbox:{term:"sandbox",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A testing environment in a computer system in which new or untested software or coding can be run securely.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"sandbox","Simplified Chinese":"沙盒",French:"environnement de test sandbox",German:"Sandbox",Indonesian:"sandbox",Italian:"sandbox",Korean:"샌드박스",Persian:"سندباکس","Brazilian Portuguese":"sandbox",Russian:"«песочница»",Spanish:"entorno de pruebas","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sandbox",Thai:"แซนด์บ็อกซ์",Turkish:"sandbox",Vietnamese:"môi trường thử nghiệm",Arabic:"بيئة الاختبار","Traditional Chinese":"沙盒",Dutch:"sandbox",Greek:"sandbox",Hindi:"सैंडबॉक्स",Hungarian:"sandbox (homokozó)",Japanese:"サンドボックス",Polish:"Środowisko testowe / piaskownica",Ukrainian:"пісочниця"}},Sardine:{term:"Sardine",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Sardine is an instant fiat and crypto settlement platform.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Sardine","Simplified Chinese":"Sardine",French:"Sardine",German:"Sardine",Indonesian:"Sardine",Italian:"Sardine",Korean:"Sardine",Persian:"Sardine","Brazilian Portuguese":"Sardine",Russian:"Sardine",Spanish:"Sardine","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Sardine",Thai:"Sardine",Turkish:"Sardine",Vietnamese:"Sardine",Arabic:"منصة Sardine","Traditional Chinese":"Sardine",Dutch:"Sardine",Greek:"Sardine",Hindi:"Sardine",Hungarian:"Sardine",Japanese:"Sardine",Polish:"Sardine",Ukrainian:"Sardine"}},"Satoshi Nakamoto":{term:"Satoshi Nakamoto",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A pseudonymous individual or entity who created the Bitcoin protocol, solving the digital currency issue of the “double spend.” Nakamoto first published their white paper describing the project in 2008, and the first Bitcoin software was released one year later.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Satoshi Nakamoto","Simplified Chinese":"中本聪",French:"Satoshi Nakamoto",German:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Indonesian:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Italian:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Korean:"나카모토 사토시",Persian:"ساتوشی ناکاموتو","Brazilian Portuguese":"Satoshi Nakamoto",Russian:"Сатоши Накамото",Spanish:"Satoshi Nakamoto","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Satoshi Nakamoto",Thai:"ซาโตชิ นากาโมโต",Turkish:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Vietnamese:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Arabic:"ساتوشي ناكاموتو","Traditional Chinese":"Satoshi Nakamoto",Dutch:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Greek:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Hindi:"सातोशी नाकामोटो",Hungarian:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Japanese:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Polish:"Satoshi Nakamoto",Ukrainian:"Сатоші Накамото"}},scalability:{term:"scalability",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A change in size or scale to handle a network’s demands. This word is used to refer to a blockchain project’s ability to handle network traffic, future growth, and capacity in its intended application.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"scalability","Simplified Chinese":"可扩展性",French:"scalabiité",German:"Skalierbarkeit",Indonesian:"skalabilitas",Italian:"scalabilità",Korean:"확장성",Persian:"مقیاس پذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"escalabilidade",Russian:"масштабируемость",Spanish:"escalabilidad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"scalability",Thai:"ความสามารถในการปรับขนาด",Turkish:"ölçeklendirilebilirlik",Vietnamese:"khả năng mở rộng",Arabic:"قابلية التوسع","Traditional Chinese":"可擴展性",Dutch:"schaalbaarheid",Greek:"επεκτασιμότητα",Hindi:"स्केलेबिल्टी",Hungarian:"méretezhetőség",Japanese:"スケーラビリティ",Polish:"Skalowalność",Ukrainian:"масштабованість"}},Scaling:{term:"Scaling",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The main goal of scalability is to increase transaction speed (faster finality), and transaction throughput (high transactions per second), without sacrificing decentralization or security.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Scaling","Simplified Chinese":"扩容",French:"Monter en charge / Montée en charge",German:"Skalieren",Indonesian:"Scaling",Italian:"Scaling",Korean:"스케일링",Persian:"مقیاس پذیری","Brazilian Portuguese":"Dimensionamento",Russian:"масштабирование",Spanish:"escalado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Scaling",Thai:"ปรับขนาด",Turkish:"Ölçeklendirme",Vietnamese:"Mở rộng quy mô",Arabic:"التوسع","Traditional Chinese":"擴展",Dutch:"opschalen",Greek:"Αλλαγή κλίμακας",Hindi:"स्केलिंग",Hungarian:"méretezés",Japanese:"スケーリング",Polish:"Skalowanie",Ukrainian:"Масштабування"}},Scrypt:{term:"Scrypt",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An alternative proof-of-work (PoW) algorithm to SHA-256, used in Bitcoin mining. Scrypt mining relies more heavily on memory than on pure CPU power, aiming to reduce the advantage that ASICs. Scrypt",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Scrypt","Simplified Chinese":"Scrypt 挖掘算法",French:"Scrypt",German:"Scrypt",Indonesian:"Scrypt",Italian:"Scrypt",Korean:"스크립트",Persian:"اسکریپت","Brazilian Portuguese":"Scrypt",Russian:"Scrypt",Spanish:"scrypt","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Scrypt",Thai:"สคริปต์",Turkish:"Scrypt",Vietnamese:"Scrypt",Arabic:"خوارزمية التعدين Scrypt","Traditional Chinese":"Scrypt",Dutch:"scrypt",Greek:"Συνάρτηση παραγωγής κλειδιού",Hindi:"Scrypt",Hungarian:"Scrypt",Japanese:"Scrypt",Polish:"Scrypt",Ukrainian:"Scrypt"}},"Secret Recovery Phrase":{term:"Secret Recovery Phrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The seed phrase, mnemonic, or Secret Recovery Phrase is a crucial part of public blockchain technology, originally created for Bitcoin, and goes by many names. However, they all refer to a set of ordered words which correspond to determined values. These values never change, and therefore the same string of words in the same order will always produce the same number–this is the underlying functionality that allows seed phrases to back up wallets. This is also where the name ‘hierarchical deterministic wallets’ comes from, as all the accounts in a given wallet are deterministically created from the seed phrase, and they are hierarchically controlled by it. A Secret Recovery Phrase is exactly what it sounds like: something that is secret, and should be known only to the owner of the account. If the seed phrase is given to someone else, that person has complete control over the account; they can drain it of tokens and funds, execute transactions with it, etc. What is a ‘Secret Recovery Phrase’ and how to keep your crypto wallet secure",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Secret Recovery Phrase","Simplified Chinese":"私钥助记词",French:"Phrase secrète de récupération",German:"Geheime Wiederherstellungsphrase",Indonesian:"Frasa Pemulihan Rahasia",Italian:"Frase di recupero segreta",Korean:"비밀복구구문",Persian:"عبارت بازیابی محرمانه","Brazilian Portuguese":"Frase secreta de recuperação",Russian:"Секретная фраза для восстановления",Spanish:"frase secreta de recuperación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lihim na Parirala sa Pagbawi",Thai:"วลีกู้คืนรหัส",Turkish:"Gizli Kurtarma İfadesi",Vietnamese:"Cụm từ khôi phục bí mật",Arabic:"عبارة الاسترداد السرية","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"geheime herstelzin",Greek:"Μυστική φράση ανάκτησης",Hindi:"सीक्रेट रिकवरी फ्रेज़",Hungarian:"titkos helyreállítási kifejezés",Japanese:"秘密のリカバリーフレーズ",Polish:"Fraza odzyskiwania",Ukrainian:"Секретна фраза відновлення"}},"Security Token":{term:"Security Token",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A security token is essentially a digital form of traditional securities. There are three primary types of traditional securities: equities, debt and a hybrid of debt and equity. Examples of securities include stocks, bonds, ETFs, options and futures. Hypothetically, any of these things can be tokenized to become a security token. It is possible that in the near future, security tokens could serve as a very viable alternative and competitor to stocks and other traditional securities. Security Token",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Security Token","Simplified Chinese":"证券型代币",French:"Jeton de sécurité",German:"Security Token",Indonesian:"Token Keamanan",Italian:"Security Token",Korean:"보안 토큰",Persian:"توکن اوراق بهادار","Brazilian Portuguese":"Token de segurança",Russian:"Токен безопасности",Spanish:"token de seguridad","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Token ng Seguridad",Thai:"โทเค็นหลักทรัพย์",Turkish:"Menkul Kıymet Tokeni",Vietnamese:"Token chứng khoán",Arabic:"توكِنّ ورقة مالية","Traditional Chinese":"證券型代幣",Dutch:"beveiligingstoken",Greek:"Διακριτικό ασφαλείας",Hindi:"Security Token",Hungarian:"biztonsági zseton",Japanese:"セキュリティトークン",Polish:"Token zabezpieczający",Ukrainian:"Токен безпеки"}},"Security Token Offering (STO)":{term:"Security Token Offering (STO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A security token offering (STO) is a form of initial coin offering (ICO) where a company or organization issues a security token that is backed by a tangible asset, such as real estate, technology or other assets. The security token represents the right to ownership of the underlying asset, with the tokens being tradeable on a compliant digital asset exchange. Security Token Offering",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Security Token Offering (STO)","Simplified Chinese":"证券型代币发行（STO）",French:"Offre de jetons de sécurité (STO)",German:"Security-Token-Offering (STO)",Indonesian:"Penawaran Token Keamanan (STO)",Italian:"Security Token Offering (STO)",Korean:"증권형 토큰 공개(STO)",Persian:"عرضه توکن اوراق بهادار (STO)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Oferta de token de segurança (STO)",Russian:"Предложение токенов безопасности (STO)",Spanish:"oferta de tokens de seguridad (STO)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Security Token Offering (STO)",Thai:"การเสนอขายโทเค็นหลักทรัพย์ (STO)",Turkish:"Menkul Kıymet Token Arzı (STO)",Vietnamese:"Cung cấp mã thông báo bảo mật (STO)",Arabic:"عرض توكِنّ الورقة المالية (STO)","Traditional Chinese":"證券型代幣發行",Dutch:"STO (security token offering)",Greek:"Προσφορά διακριτικών ασφαλείας (STO)",Hindi:"सिक्यूरिटी टोकन ऑफरिंग (STO)",Hungarian:"biztonsági zseton ajánlat (BZA)",Japanese:"セキュリティトークンオファリング (STO)",Polish:"STO (Security Token Offering)",Ukrainian:"Пропозиція токенів безпеки (STO)"}},"seed phrase":{term:"seed phrase",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Another term for Secret Recovery Phrase",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"seed phrase","Simplified Chinese":"助记词",French:"phrase secrète",German:"Seed-Phrase",Indonesian:"seed phrase",Italian:"frase di ripristino",Korean:"시드구문",Persian:"عبارت بازیابی","Brazilian Portuguese":"frase-semente",Russian:"сид-фраза",Spanish:"frase semilla","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pariralang binhi",Thai:"ซีดเฟส",Turkish:"anahtar cümle",Vietnamese:"cụm từ khôi phục",Arabic:"العبارة الأولية","Traditional Chinese":"助記詞",Dutch:"seed phrase",Greek:"seed phrase",Hindi:"सीड फ्रेज़",Hungarian:"magkifejezés",Japanese:"シードフレーズ",Polish:"Fraza seed",Ukrainian:"сід-фраза"}},"self-custody (noun)":{term:"self-custody (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Self-custodial' refers to the fact that it's you ('self') who holds your wallet's private key(s). A self-custodial wallet eliminates the third party between you and your crypto-assets, which is more suitable for some people.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"self-custody (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"自主托管",French:"Détention en propre",German:"Selbstverwahrung",Indonesian:"penyimpanan mandiri (noun)",Italian:"self-custody (noun)",Korean:"자기 양육권 (명사)",Persian:"خود حضانتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"autocustódia",Russian:"самодепозитарий",Spanish:"autocustodia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sariling kustodiya (pangngalan)",Thai:"การเก็บรักษาเอง",Turkish:"self-custody (emanet edilmeyen)",Vietnamese:"tự quản (danh từ)",Arabic:"الحفظ الذاتي","Traditional Chinese":"用者自理",Dutch:"self-custody/zelfbewaring/eigen beheer",Greek:"αυτοεπιμέλεια",Hindi:"सेल्फ-कस्टडी (नाउन)",Hungarian:"öngondnokság",Japanese:"セルフカストディ",Polish:"Samodzielne zarządzanie",Ukrainian:"самостійне зберігання"}},"self-executing":{term:"self-executing",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A smart contract is a self-executing contract: a computer program that automatically executes the terms of a contract when certain conditions are met.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"self-executing","Simplified Chinese":"自动执行",French:"Auto-exécution",German:"selbstausführend",Indonesian:"eksekusi mandiri",Italian:"auto-esecuzione",Korean:"셀프 커스터디",Persian:"خود اجراشونده","Brazilian Portuguese":"autoexecutável",Russian:"самоисполняющийся",Spanish:"autoejecutable","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sariling pagpapatupad",Thai:"ดำเนินการเอง",Turkish:"kendiliğinden uygulanan",Vietnamese:"tự thực hiện",Arabic:"ذاتي التنفيذ","Traditional Chinese":"自動執行",Dutch:"zelfuitvoerend",Greek:"αυτοδικαίως εκτελεστή",Hindi:"सेल्फ-एक्सीक्यूटिंग",Hungarian:"önvégrehajtó",Japanese:"自動実行型",Polish:"Samowykonalność",Ukrainian:"самовиконуваний"}},Sepolia:{term:"Sepolia",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Sepolia is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the blockchain (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ETH on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to mainnet",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Sepolia","Simplified Chinese":"Sepolia",French:"Sepolia",German:"Sepolia",Indonesian:"Sepolia",Italian:"Sepolia",Korean:"Sepolia",Persian:"سپولیا","Brazilian Portuguese":"Sepolia",Russian:"Sepolia",Spanish:"Sepolia","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Sepolia",Thai:"Sepolia",Turkish:"Sepolia",Vietnamese:"Sepolia",Arabic:"Sepolia","Traditional Chinese":"Sepolia",Dutch:"Sepolia",Greek:"Sepolia",Hindi:"Sepolia",Hungarian:"Sepolia",Japanese:"Sepolia",Polish:"Sepolia",Ukrainian:"Sepolia"}},Serenity:{term:"Serenity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Ethereum network is working on a series of technical upgrades that will allow massive increases in transaction throughput, amongst other things. The plan that outlined these changes was originally referred to as 'Serenity', although that name has become less popular, in favor of specific definitions of the upgrades themselves.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Serenity","Simplified Chinese":"Serenity",French:"Serenity",German:"Serenity",Indonesian:"Serenity",Italian:"Serenity",Korean:"세레니티",Persian:"سرنیتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Serenity",Russian:"Serenity",Spanish:"Serenity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Serenity",Thai:"Serenity",Turkish:"Serenity",Vietnamese:"Serenity",Arabic:"ترقية Serenity","Traditional Chinese":"Serenity",Dutch:"Serenity",Greek:"Serenity",Hindi:"Serenity",Hungarian:"Serenity",Japanese:"セレニティ",Polish:"Serenity",Ukrainian:"Serenity"}},serialization:{term:"serialization",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The process of converting a data structure into a sequence of bytes. Ethereum internally uses an encoding format called recursive-length prefix encoding (RLP).",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"serialization","Simplified Chinese":"序列化",French:"sérialisation",German:"Serialisierung",Indonesian:"serialisasi",Italian:"serializzazione",Korean:"직렬화",Persian:"دنباله‌سازی","Brazilian Portuguese":"serialização",Russian:"сериализация",Spanish:"serialización","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagse-serye",Thai:"การเรียงลำดับอนุกรม",Turkish:"serileştirme",Vietnamese:"tuần tự hóa",Arabic:"عملية التسلسل","Traditional Chinese":"序列化",Dutch:"serialisatie",Greek:"σειριοποίηση",Hindi:"सीरियलाइज़ेशन",Hungarian:"sorozatosítás",Japanese:"シリアル化",Polish:"Serializacja",Ukrainian:"серіалізація"}},"Shard chain":{term:"Shard chain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A proof-of-stake chain that is coordinated by the Beacon Chain and secured by validators. There will be 64 added to the network as part of the shard chain upgrade. Shard chains will offer increased transaction throughput for Ethereum by providing additional data to layer 2 solutions like optimistic rollups and ZK-rollups.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Shard chain","Simplified Chinese":"分片区块链",French:"chaîne de fragment",German:"Shard Chain",Indonesian:"Chain pecahan",Italian:"Shard chain",Korean:"샤드체인",Persian:"زنجیره شارد","Brazilian Portuguese":"Cadeia de fragmentos",Russian:"Шардчейн",Spanish:"cadena de fragmentos","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Chain ng pagpipira-piraso",Thai:"ชาร์ดเชน",Turkish:"Parça zincir",Vietnamese:"Chuỗi phân đoạn",Arabic:"سلسلة مجزأة","Traditional Chinese":"分片鏈",Dutch:"shard chain",Greek:"Αλυσίδα Θραυσμάτων",Hindi:"शार्ड (Shard) चेन",Hungarian:"szilánk lánc",Japanese:"シャードチェーン",Polish:"Łańcuch odłamkowy (shard chain)",Ukrainian:"Ланцюжок сегментів"}},"sharding (noun)":{term:"sharding (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Sharding, in public blockchains, refers to splitting an entire network into multiple portions, called “shards.” Each shard would contain its own independent state, meaning a unique set of account balances and smart contracts. Sharding is currently being investigated and developed as one of the set of tools and solutions for scaling Ethereum.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"sharding (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"分片",French:"fragmentation (nom)",German:"Sharding",Indonesian:"pemecahan (noun)",Italian:"sharding (noun)",Korean:"샤딩(명사)",Persian:"شاردینگ","Brazilian Portuguese":"fragmentação",Russian:"шардинг",Spanish:"fragmentación","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagpipira-piraso (pangngalan)",Thai:"การแบ่งชาร์ด",Turkish:"sharding (bölme)",Vietnamese:"phân đoạn (danh từ)",Arabic:"تجزئة الشبكة","Traditional Chinese":"分片",Dutch:"sharding",Greek:"Θραύσμα",Hindi:"शार्डिंग (sharding) (नाउन)",Hungarian:"szilánkosítás (sharding)",Japanese:"シャーディング",Polish:"Sharding",Ukrainian:"шардування"}},"Shielded Transaction":{term:"Shielded Transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A shielded transaction is essentially a transaction that is between two shielded addresses. Shielded Transaction",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Shielded Transaction","Simplified Chinese":"隐私交易",French:"Transaction protégée",German:"Abgeschirmte Transaktion",Indonesian:"Translaksi Terlindung",Italian:"Transazione protetta",Korean:"차폐 트랜잭션",Persian:"تراکنش محافظت‌شده","Brazilian Portuguese":"Transação blindada",Russian:"Защищенная транзакция",Spanish:"transacción blindada","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Shielded na Transaksyon",Thai:"ธุรกรรมที่มีการป้องกัน",Turkish:"Korumalı İşlem",Vietnamese:"Giao dịch được bảo vệ",Arabic:"معاملة مُحصنة","Traditional Chinese":"匿名交易",Dutch:"afgeschermde transactie",Greek:"Προστατευμένη συναλλαγή",Hindi:"Shielded Transaction",Hungarian:"védett tranzakció",Japanese:"秘匿化済みトランザクション",Polish:"Ukryta transakcja",Ukrainian:"Захищена транзакція"}},sidechain:{term:"sidechain",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A ‘sidechain’ refers to a chain that is connected to another (most often, to Ethereum) through a bridge, allowing assets to be transferred between them. In contrast to a Layer 2 network or a rollup, a sidechain is a full blockchain network in and of itself, and does not rely on Ethereum for consensus. It therefore must be evaluated independently in terms of its security, stability, and other features. See also “blockchain trilemma”, “modular blockchain”. Note: Bridges exist for good reason; sending tokens from a sidechain to Ethereum mainnet or vice versa would result in token loss.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"sidechain","Simplified Chinese":"侧链",French:"chaîne latérale/blockchain secondaire",German:"Sidechain",Indonesian:"sidechain",Italian:"sidechain",Korean:"사이드체인",Persian:"زنجیره جانبی","Brazilian Portuguese":"sidechain",Russian:"сайдчейн",Spanish:"cadena lateral","Filipino (Tagalog)":"sidechain",Thai:"เชนข้างเคียง",Turkish:"yan zincir",Vietnamese:"chuỗi phụ",Arabic:"سلسلة جانبية","Traditional Chinese":"側鏈",Dutch:"sidechain",Greek:"πλευρική αλυσίδα",Hindi:"साइडचेन",Hungarian:"oldallánc",Japanese:"サイドチェーン",Polish:"Łańcuch boczny",Ukrainian:"сайдчейн"}},"Signature (Cryptographic)":{term:"Signature (Cryptographic)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See 'Digital signature'",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Signature (Cryptographic)","Simplified Chinese":"签名（加密）",French:"Signature numérique (cryptographie)",German:"Signatur (kryptografisch)",Indonesian:"Tanda Tangan (Kriptografik)",Italian:"Firma (crittata)",Korean:"서명(암호화)",Persian:"امضا (رمزنگاری)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Assinatura (criptográfica)",Russian:"Подпись (Криптографическая)",Spanish:"firma (criptográfica)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Lagda (Kriptograpiya)",Thai:"ลายเซ็น (วิทยาการรหัสลับ)",Turkish:"İmza (Kriptografik)",Vietnamese:"Chữ ký (Mật mã hoá)",Arabic:"التوقيع (تشفير)","Traditional Chinese":"簽章",Dutch:"handtekening",Greek:"Υπογραφή (Κρυπτογραφική)",Hindi:"सिग्नेचर (क्रिप्टोग्राफ़िक)",Hungarian:"aláírás (kriptográfiai)",Japanese:"署名",Polish:"Podpis (kryptograficzny)",Ukrainian:"Підпис (криптографічний)"}},"slashing condition":{term:"slashing condition",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Under a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, a slashing condition is one that causes the validator's deposit to be destroyed when they trigger it. See also 'Proof of Stake'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"slashing condition","Simplified Chinese":"削减条件",French:"condition de hachage",German:"Slashing-Bedingung",Indonesian:"kondisi slashing",Italian:"condizione di slash",Korean:"슬래싱 조건",Persian:"شرط کاهنده","Brazilian Portuguese":"condição de corte",Russian:"условие слэшинга",Spanish:"condición de corte","Filipino (Tagalog)":"kondisyon ng paglaslas",Thai:"เงื่อนไขลงโทษ",Turkish:"slashing ceza durumu",Vietnamese:"điều kiện phạt",Arabic:"شرط الشطب","Traditional Chinese":"刪砍條件",Dutch:"slashing condition",Greek:"συνθήκη slashing",Hindi:"स्लैशिंग (slashing) कंडीशन",Hungarian:"fenyegető állapot",Japanese:"スラッシュ条件",Polish:"Slashing",Ukrainian:"умова скорочення"}},slippage:{term:"slippage",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Slippage is the expected percentage difference between a quoted and an executed price.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"slippage","Simplified Chinese":"滑移",French:"slippage / effet de glissement",German:"Slippage",Indonesian:"slippage",Italian:"slippage",Korean:"슬리피지",Persian:"لغزش قیمت","Brazilian Portuguese":"slippage",Russian:"проскальзывание",Spanish:"deslizamiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"slippage",Thai:"ค่าความคลาดเคลื่อน",Turkish:"kayma",Vietnamese:"trượt giá",Arabic:"الانزلاق السعري","Traditional Chinese":"滑點",Dutch:"slippage",Greek:"απόκλιση",Hindi:"स्लिपेज (slippage)",Hungarian:"csúszás",Japanese:"スリッページ",Polish:"Poślizg cenowy",Ukrainian:"прослизання"}},slot:{term:"slot",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In Proof of Stake consensus in Ethereum, a 'slot' is a period of time equivalent to 12 seconds; 32 slots make up an 'epoch'. Slots are significant in that for each slot, a different validator node is randomly chosen to propose blocks to the network, and a different committee of validators are chosen to vote on whether each block is valid",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"slot","Simplified Chinese":"时间间隔（Slot）",French:"slot",German:"Slot",Indonesian:"slot",Italian:"slot",Korean:"슬롯",Persian:"اسلات","Brazilian Portuguese":"espaço",Russian:"слот",Spanish:"ranura","Filipino (Tagalog)":"puwang",Thai:"สล็อต",Turkish:"slot",Vietnamese:"khe thời gian",Arabic:"فاصل زمني","Traditional Chinese":"時隙",Dutch:"slot",Greek:"χρονικό διάστημα",Hindi:"स्लॉट",Hungarian:"rés",Japanese:"スロット",Polish:"Slot",Ukrainian:"слот"}},"smart contract":{term:"smart contract",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Smart contracts are programs that have been published on a public blockchain, and can be used by anyone. While they often contain agreements or sets of actions between parties that emulate a traditional legal contract, they are not, in and of themselves, legal documents. Smart contracts are automated actions that can be coded and executed once a set of conditions is met, and are the dominant form of programming on the Ethereum Virtual Machine.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"smart contract","Simplified Chinese":"智能合约",French:"contrat intelligent",German:"Smart Contract",Indonesian:"kontrak cerdas",Italian:"smart contract",Korean:"스마트 계약",Persian:"قرارداد هوشمند","Brazilian Portuguese":"contrato inteligente",Russian:"смарт-контракт",Spanish:"contrato inteligente","Filipino (Tagalog)":"smart na kontrata",Thai:"สมาร์ตคอนแทรกต์",Turkish:"akıllı sözleşme",Vietnamese:"hợp đồng thông minh",Arabic:"عقد ذكي","Traditional Chinese":"智能合約",Dutch:"slim contract",Greek:"έξυπνη σύμβαση",Hindi:"स्मार्ट कॉन्ट्रैक्ट",Hungarian:"Smart Contract",Japanese:"スマートコントラクト",Polish:"Smart kontrakt (kontrakt inteligentny)",Ukrainian:"смарт-контракт"}},snap:{term:"snap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A program or piece of code that extends the functionality of MetaMask by using the MetaMask Snaps framework.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"snap","Simplified Chinese":"Snap",French:"Snap",German:"Snap",Indonesian:"Snap",Italian:"Snap",Korean:"Snap",Persian:"Snap","Brazilian Portuguese":"Snap",Russian:"Snap",Spanish:"Snap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Snap",Thai:"Snap",Turkish:"Snap",Vietnamese:"Snap",Arabic:"Snap","Traditional Chinese":"Snap",Dutch:"Snap",Greek:"Snap",Hindi:"Snap",Hungarian:"Snap",Japanese:"Snap",Polish:"Snap",Ukrainian:"Snap"}},"soft fork":{term:"soft fork",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A change to the blockchain protocol resulting in only previously valid blocks and transactions being made invalid. Since old nodes will recognize the new blocks as valid, a soft fork is backward-compatible. However, this can result in a potential divide in the blockchain, as the old software generates blocks that read as invalid according to the new rules. Contrast with 'hard fork'; for more basic information regarding forks, see 'fork'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"soft fork","Simplified Chinese":"软分叉",French:"fork doux",German:"Soft Fork",Indonesian:"soft fork",Italian:"soft fork",Korean:"소프트 포크",Persian:"انشعاب نرم","Brazilian Portuguese":"soft fork",Russian:"софтфорк",Spanish:"bifurcación suave","Filipino (Tagalog)":"soft fork",Thai:"การแยกอสมบูรณ์",Turkish:"yumuşak çatal",Vietnamese:"phân nhánh mềm",Arabic:"انقسام بسيط (هارد فورك)","Traditional Chinese":"軟分叉",Dutch:"soft fork",Greek:"soft fork",Hindi:"सॉफ्ट फोर्क",Hungarian:"puha villa",Japanese:"ソフトフォーク",Polish:"Soft fork",Ukrainian:"софт-форк"}},"Software Development Kit (SDK)":{term:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A software development kit is a collection of software development tools in one installable package. They facilitate the creation of applications by having a compiler, debugger and sometimes a software framework. See 'MetaMask SDK'",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"Software Development Kit (SDK)","Simplified Chinese":"软件开发工具包（SDK）",French:"Kit de développement logiciel (SDK)",German:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Indonesian:"Kit Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak (SDK)",Italian:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Korean:"소프트웨어 개발 키트(SDK)",Persian:"کیت توسعه نرم‌افزار (SDK)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Kit de desenvolvimento de software (SDK)",Russian:"Комплект для разработки программного обеспечения (SDK)",Spanish:"kit de desarrollo de software (SDK)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Thai:"ชุดพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์ (SDK)",Turkish:"Yazılım Geliştirme Kiti (SDK)",Vietnamese:"Bộ công cụ phát triển phần mềm (SDK)",Arabic:"مجموعة تطوير البرمجيات (SDK)","Traditional Chinese":"軟體開發套件",Dutch:"SDK (software development kit)",Greek:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Hindi:"सॉफ्टवेयर डेवलपमेंट किट (SDK)",Hungarian:"szoftverfejlesztő készlet (SZK)",Japanese:"ソフトウェア開発キット (SDK)",Polish:"Software Development Kit (SDK)",Ukrainian:"Комплект для розробки програмного забезпечення (SDK)"}},Solidity:{term:"Solidity",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The programming language developers use to write smart contracts on the Ethereum network. See also ‘smart contract’. Solidity",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Solidity","Simplified Chinese":"Solidity",French:"Solidity",German:"Solidity",Indonesian:"Solidity",Italian:"Solidity",Korean:"솔리디티",Persian:"سالیدیتی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Solidity",Russian:"Solidity",Spanish:"Solidity","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Solidity",Thai:"Solidity",Turkish:"Solidity",Vietnamese:"Solidity",Arabic:"لغة البرمجة Solidity","Traditional Chinese":"Solidity",Dutch:"Solidity",Greek:"Solidity",Hindi:"Solidity",Hungarian:"Solidity",Japanese:"Solidity",Polish:"Solidity",Ukrainian:"Solidity"}},stablecoin:{term:"stablecoin",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A cryptocurrency whose value has been ‘pegged’ to that of something considered a ‘stable’ asset, like fiat currency or gold. It theoretically remains stable in price, as it is measured against a known amount of an asset which should be less subject to fluctuation. Always spelled as one word. User Guide: Tokens",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"stablecoin","Simplified Chinese":"稳定币",French:"Stablecoin (monnaie stable)",German:"Stablecoin",Indonesian:"stablecoin",Italian:"stablecoin",Korean:"스테이블코인",Persian:"استیبل کوین","Brazilian Portuguese":"stablecoin",Russian:"стейблкоин",Spanish:"moneda estable","Filipino (Tagalog)":"stablecoin",Thai:"สเตเบิลคอยน์",Turkish:"stabil kripto para",Vietnamese:"đồng ổn định",Arabic:"عملة مستقرة","Traditional Chinese":"穩定幣",Dutch:"stablecoin",Greek:"stablecoin",Hindi:"स्टेबलकॉइन",Hungarian:"stabil érme",Japanese:"ステーブルコイン",Polish:"Stablecoin",Ukrainian:"стейблкойн"}},"staking (noun)":{term:"staking (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"On the Ethereum Proof of Stake network, those wishing to participate in consensus must first lock up, or ‘stake’, 32 ETH into a smart contract; this ETH may be ‘slashed’ (taken from them and ‘burned’, put out of circulation) in the event that their validator behaves maliciously or does not meet performance requirements. Similar Proof of Stake mechanisms are in operation on other networks, as well. Although this is the canonical meaning of the word, similar actions taken at the level of a decentralized exchange (DEX) or another dapp are often called ‘staking’, though it would probably be more accurate and descriptive to just call this ‘locking up tokens’.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"staking (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"质押",French:"staking (nom)",German:"Staking",Indonesian:"staking (noun)",Italian:"staking (noun)",Korean:"스테이킹(명사)",Persian:"سپرده‌گذاری","Brazilian Portuguese":"staking",Russian:"стейкинг",Spanish:"staking","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pagtataya (pangngalan)",Thai:"การฝาก",Turkish:"stake etme",Vietnamese:"ký gửi (danh từ)",Arabic:"الربط","Traditional Chinese":"幣安質押",Dutch:"staking",Greek:"συμμετοχή",Hindi:"स्टेकिंग (नाउन)",Hungarian:"tét",Japanese:"ステーキング",Polish:"Staking",Ukrainian:"стейкинг"}},state:{term:"state",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The set of data that a blockchain network strictly needs to keep track of, and that represents data currently relevant to applications on the chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"state","Simplified Chinese":"状态",French:"état",German:"Status",Indonesian:"state",Italian:"stato",Korean:"상태",Persian:"وضعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"estado",Russian:"стейт",Spanish:"estado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"estado",Thai:"สถานะ",Turkish:"durum",Vietnamese:"trạng thái",Arabic:"حالة","Traditional Chinese":"state",Dutch:"status",Greek:"state",Hindi:"स्टेट",Hungarian:"állapot",Japanese:"ステート",Polish:"Stan",Ukrainian:"стан"}},"state channels":{term:"state channels",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"State channels are part of the set of tools and platforms involved in scaling Ethereum. While a complex topic, state channels are essentially methods through which the current 'state' of the blockchain can be exported, and then based on that, any given number of transactions can take place off-chain, and then be moved back onto the main Ethereum chain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"state channels","Simplified Chinese":"状态通道",French:"canaux d’état",German:"Statuskanäle",Indonesian:"saluran state",Italian:"canali di stato",Korean:"상태 채널",Persian:"کانال‌های وضعیت","Brazilian Portuguese":"canais de estado",Russian:"Каналы состояния",Spanish:"canales de estado","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mga channel ng estado",Thai:"แชนแนลสถานะ",Turkish:"durum kanalları",Vietnamese:"kênh trạng thái",Arabic:"قنوات الحالة","Traditional Chinese":"狀態通道",Dutch:"statuskanalen",Greek:"state channels",Hindi:"स्टेट चैनल्स",Hungarian:"állapoti csatornák",Japanese:"ステートチャネル",Polish:"Kanały stanu",Ukrainian:"канали стану"}},Streaming:{term:"Streaming",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Money streaming represents the idea of continuous payments over time. Block numbers are used to measure time in the blockchain and continuously update the balances of the parties in the contract.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Streaming","Simplified Chinese":"资金流",French:"Continu",German:"Streaming",Indonesian:"Streaming",Italian:"Streaming",Korean:"스트리밍",Persian:"جریان پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"Fluxo",Russian:"Стриминг",Spanish:"flujo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Streaming",Thai:"สตรีม",Turkish:"Streaming",Vietnamese:"Thanh toán liên tục",Arabic:"تدفق","Traditional Chinese":"金流",Dutch:"streaming",Greek:"Ροή",Hindi:"स्ट्रीमिंग",Hungarian:"streaming",Japanese:"ストリーミング",Polish:"Streaming",Ukrainian:"Потокова передача"}},"swap (noun)":{term:"swap (noun)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As the number of different blockchain projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users exchange one token for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap. Within MetaMask, users have access to a powerful aggregator showing them information about swaps across the ecosystem, this is MetaMask Swaps: User Guide Swaps",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"swap (noun)","Simplified Chinese":"兑换",French:"swap (nom)",German:"Swap",Indonesian:"penukaran (noun)",Italian:"scambio (noun)",Korean:"스왑(명사)",Persian:"تغییر دادن","Brazilian Portuguese":"troca",Russian:"своп",Spanish:"intercambio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"palitan (pangngalan)",Thai:"การแลกเปลี่ยน",Turkish:"swap",Vietnamese:"hoán đổi (danh từ)",Arabic:"مبادلة","Traditional Chinese":"交換",Dutch:"swap",Greek:"εναλλαγή",Hindi:"स्वैप (नाउन)",Hungarian:"csere",Japanese:"スワップ",Polish:"Wymiana",Ukrainian:"своп"}},"Swap /MetaSwap":{term:"Swap /MetaSwap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"As the number of different blockchain projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users exchange one token for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Swap /MetaSwap","Simplified Chinese":"Swap /MetaSwap",French:"Swap/Metswap",German:"Swap/MetaSwap",Indonesian:"Swap /MetaSwap",Italian:"Swap /MetaSwap",Korean:"스왑/메타스왑",Persian:"مبادله/MetaSwap","Brazilian Portuguese":"Troca /MetaSwap",Russian:"Своп /MetaSwap",Spanish:"intercambio/metaintercambio","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Swap /MetaSwap",Thai:"Swap /MetaSwap",Turkish:"Swap /MetaSwap",Vietnamese:"Hoán đổi/MetaSwap",Arabic:"المبادلة / MetaSwap","Traditional Chinese":"交換",Dutch:"swap/MetaSwap",Greek:"Εναλλαγή/MetaSwap",Hindi:"स्वैप/मेटास्वैप",Hungarian:"Swap/MetaSwap",Japanese:"Swap /MetaSwap",Polish:"Swap / MetaSwap",Ukrainian:"Swap /MetaSwap"}},szabo:{term:"szabo",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A denomination of ETH. See also 'ether (denominations)'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"szabo","Simplified Chinese":"szabo",French:"szabo",German:"Szabo",Indonesian:"szabo",Italian:"szabo",Korean:"재보",Persian:"سابو","Brazilian Portuguese":"szabo",Russian:"сабо",Spanish:"szabo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"szabo",Thai:"ซาโบ",Turkish:"szabo",Vietnamese:"szabo",Arabic:"سزابو (szabo)","Traditional Chinese":"szabo",Dutch:"szabo",Greek:"szabo",Hindi:"szabo",Hungarian:"szabo",Japanese:"szabo",Polish:"Szabo",Ukrainian:"сабо"}},"testnet (test network)":{term:"testnet (test network)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A testnet is a blockchain network that mirrors, as closely as possible, the current conditions of a corresponding ‘main’ network. Testnets are used by developers to verify that their smart contracts and other functionality work as intended, before permanently recording their code to a live blockchain network (and often spending significant gas fees in the process!). Tokens minted on testnets are not transferrable for their equivalent value on mainnets.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"testnet (test network)","Simplified Chinese":"测试网",French:"testnet (réseau de test)",German:"Testnet (Testnetzwerk)",Indonesian:"testnet (jaringan tes)",Italian:"testnet (test network)",Korean:"테스트넷(테스트 네트워크)",Persian:"شبکه آزمایشی","Brazilian Portuguese":"testnet (rede de teste)",Russian:"тестнет (тестовая сеть)",Spanish:"testnet (red de prueba)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"testnet (test network)",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ",Turkish:"test ağı",Vietnamese:"testnet (mạng thử nghiệm)",Arabic:"شبكة الاختبار (testnet)","Traditional Chinese":"測試網",Dutch:"testnet (testnetwerk)",Greek:"testnet (test network)",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट (टैस्ट नेटवर्क)",Hungarian:"teszthálózat (teszthálózat)",Japanese:"テストネット (テストネットワーク)",Polish:"Testnet (sieć testowa)",Ukrainian:"testnet (тестова мережа)"}},"Testnet Kovan":{term:"Testnet Kovan",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; website here.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Testnet Kovan","Simplified Chinese":"Testnet Kovan",French:"Testnet Kovan",German:"Testnet Kovan",Indonesian:"Testnet Kovan",Italian:"Testnet Kovan",Korean:"테스트넷 코반",Persian:"شبکه آزمایش کوان","Brazilian Portuguese":"Testnet Kovan",Russian:"Тестнет Kovan",Spanish:"red de pruebas Kovan","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Testnet Kovan",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ Kovan",Turkish:"Testnet Kovan",Vietnamese:"Mạng thử nghiệm Kovan",Arabic:"شبكة اختبار Kovan","Traditional Chinese":"Testnet Kovan",Dutch:"testnet Kovan",Greek:"Testnet Kovan",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट Kovan",Hungarian:"Kovan Teszthálózat",Japanese:"テストネット Kovan",Polish:"Testnet Kovan",Ukrainian:"Kovan Testnet"}},"Testnet Rinkeby":{term:"Testnet Rinkeby",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that uses Proof of Authority consensus, available through MetaMask; faucet here. Following the transition to Proof of Stake, Rinkeby scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Testnet Rinkeby","Simplified Chinese":"Testnet Rinkeby",French:"Testnet Rinkeby",German:"Testnet Rinkeby",Indonesian:"Testnet Rinkeby",Italian:"Testnet Rinkeby",Korean:"테스트넷 린케비",Persian:"شبکه آزمایشی رینکبای","Brazilian Portuguese":"Testnet Rinkeby",Russian:"Тестнет Rinkeby",Spanish:"red de pruebas Rinkeby","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Testnet Rinkeby",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ Rinkeby",Turkish:"Testnet Rinkeby",Vietnamese:"Mạng thử nghiệm Rinkeby",Arabic:"شبكة اختبار Rinkeby","Traditional Chinese":"Testnet Rinkeby",Dutch:"testnet Rinkeby",Greek:"Testnet Rinkeby",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट Rinkeby",Hungarian:"Rinkeby teszthálózat",Japanese:"テストネット Rinkeby",Polish:"Testnet Rinkeby",Ukrainian:"Rinkeby Testnet"}},"Testnet Ropsten":{term:"Testnet Ropsten",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An Ethereum testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Testnet Ropsten","Simplified Chinese":"Testnet Ropsten",French:"Testnet Ropsten",German:"Testnet Ropsten",Indonesian:"Testnet Ropsten",Italian:"Testnet Ropsten",Korean:"테스트넷 롭스텐",Persian:"شبکه آزمایشی راپستن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Testnet Ropsten",Russian:"Тестнет Ropsten",Spanish:"red de pruebas Ropsten","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Testnet Ropsten",Thai:"เครือข่ายทดสอบ Ropsten",Turkish:"Testnet Ropsten",Vietnamese:"Mạng thử nghiệm Ropsten",Arabic:"شبكة اختبار Ropsten","Traditional Chinese":"Testnet Ropsten",Dutch:"testnet Ropsten",Greek:"Testnet Ropsten",Hindi:"टैस्टनेट Ropsten",Hungarian:"Ropsten teszthálózat",Japanese:"テストネット Ropsten",Polish:"Testnet Ropsten",Ukrainian:"Ropsten Testnet"}},token:{term:"token",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token represents an asset issued on an existing blockchain; the transfer of tokens and the addresses that currently hold them are the subject of the network’s consensus activities. There are many types of tokens; see also ‘ERC-20’ and ‘ERC-721’ entries.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"token","Simplified Chinese":"代币",French:"jeton",German:"Token",Indonesian:"token",Italian:"token",Korean:"토큰",Persian:"توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"token",Russian:"токен",Spanish:"token","Filipino (Tagalog)":"token",Thai:"โทเค็น",Turkish:"token",Vietnamese:"token",Arabic:"توكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"代幣",Dutch:"token",Greek:"συμβολικό νόμισμα",Hindi:"टोकन",Hungarian:"zseton",Japanese:"トークン",Polish:"Token",Ukrainian:"токен"}},"token lockup":{term:"token lockup",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A token lock-up refers to a mechanism where certain tokens or cryptocurrency holdings are locked up or frozen for a specified period of time to restrict their transfer or sale. This is often used in the context of initial coin offerings (ICOs), where token issuers may require investors to commit to holding onto their tokens for a certain period, typically to ensure that investors are committed to the project's long-term success. Token lock-up periods can vary in duration and can be predetermined or set according to certain conditions, such as reaching a certain milestone, liquidity event or network upgrade. During the lock-up period, the tokens cannot be transferred or sold, although in some cases, they may be staked or used to participate in certain network activities. Once the lock-up period is over, the tokens can be freely traded or sold.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"token lockup","Simplified Chinese":"代币锁定",French:"blocage de jetons",German:"Token-Lockup",Indonesian:"penguncian token",Italian:"lock-up del token",Korean:"토큰 락업",Persian:"قفل شدن توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloqueio de token",Russian:"блокировка токена",Spanish:"bloqueo de tokens","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pag-lock ng token",Thai:"ล็อกโทเค็น",Turkish:"token kilitlenmesi",Vietnamese:"khoá token",Arabic:"احتجاز التوكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"代幣鎖倉",Dutch:"token-lock-up",Greek:"κλείδωμα συμβολικών νομισμάτων",Hindi:"टोकन लॉकअप",Hungarian:"zseton zárolás",Japanese:"トークンロックアップ",Polish:"Lock-up tokena",Ukrainian:"блокування токенів"}},"Token standard":{term:"Token standard",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"See ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155, etc.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Token standard","Simplified Chinese":"代币标准",French:"Jeton standard",German:"Token-Standard",Indonesian:"Standar token",Italian:"Standard del Token",Korean:"토큰 표준",Persian:"استاندارد توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Padrão de token",Russian:"Стандарт токена",Spanish:"Estándar de tokenes","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Pamantayan ng token",Thai:"มาตรฐานโทเค็น",Turkish:"Token standardı",Vietnamese:"Tiêu chuẩn token",Arabic:"معيار التوكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"代幣標準",Dutch:"tokenstandaard",Greek:"Τυπικό συμβολικό νόμισμα",Hindi:"टोकन स्टैंडर्ड",Hungarian:"zseton szabvány",Japanese:"トークン規格",Polish:"Standard tokena",Ukrainian:"Стандарт токенів"}},"Total Value Locked (TVL)":{term:"Total Value Locked (TVL)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Total Value Locked, or TVL, is a common expression used in many contexts across the crypto ecosystem, so it's important to pay attention to the specifics. In general, it refers to how much value, in tokens, has been deposited into something. Most often, it refers to a protocol, which is an application on the blockchain, or a set of protocols. For example, a decentralized token trading platform might have a series of liquidity pools, which are protocols enabling swaps between tokens, and the platform may quote the 'TVL' for all the pools combined. Alternatively, if a network uses proof of stake for their consensus mechanism, they may represent the TVL of all the tokens staked into that consensus protocol.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Total Value Locked (TVL)","Simplified Chinese":"总锁仓价值（TVL）",French:"Valeur totale verrouillée (TVL)",German:"Total Value Locked (TVL)",Indonesian:"Total Nilai Dikunci (TVL)",Italian:"Valore totale bloccato (TVL)",Korean:"락업자산가치",Persian:"ارزش کل سرمایه قفل شده (TVL)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Valor total bloqueado (TVL)",Russian:"Общая заблокированная стоимость (TVL)",Spanish:"valor total bloqueado (TVL)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Total Value Locked (TVL)",Thai:"มูลค่ารวมในระบบ (TVL)",Turkish:"Kilitli Toplam Değer (TVL)",Vietnamese:"Tổng giá trị đã khoá (TVL)",Arabic:"إجمالي القيمة المحتجزة (TVL)","Traditional Chinese":"總鎖倉價值",Dutch:"TVL (total value locked)",Greek:"Κλειδωμένη συνολική τιμή (TVL)",Hindi:"टोटल वैल्यू लॉक्ड (TVL)",Hungarian:"teljes zárolt érték (TVL)",Japanese:"預かり資産額 (TVL)",Polish:"TVL – Total Value Locked (całkowita zablokowana wartość)",Ukrainian:"Загальна заблокована вартість (TVL)"}},Transaction:{term:"Transaction",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Data committed to the Ethereum Blockchain signed by an originating account, targeting a specific address. The transaction contains metadata such as the gas limit for that transaction.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Transaction","Simplified Chinese":"交易",French:"Transaction",German:"Transaktion",Indonesian:"transaksi",Italian:"Transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션",Persian:"تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Transação",Russian:"Транзакция",Spanish:"transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Transaksyon",Thai:"ธุรกรรม",Turkish:"İşlem",Vietnamese:"Giao dịch",Arabic:"المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易",Dutch:"transactie",Greek:"Συναλλαγή",Hindi:"ट्रांसेक्शन",Hungarian:"tranzakció",Japanese:"トランザクション",Polish:"Transakcja",Ukrainian:"Транзакція"}},"transaction block":{term:"transaction block",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A collection of transactions on a blockchain network, gathered into a set or a block that can then be hashed and added to the blockchain. See 'hash'.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"transaction block","Simplified Chinese":"交易区块",French:"bloc de transactions",German:"Transaktionssperre",Indonesian:"block transaksi",Italian:"blocco transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 블록",Persian:"بلاک تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"bloco de transação",Russian:"блок транзакции",Spanish:"bloque de transacciones","Filipino (Tagalog)":"block ng transaksyon",Thai:"บล็อกธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem bloku",Vietnamese:"khối giao dịch",Arabic:"كتلة المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易區塊",Dutch:"transactieblok",Greek:"block συναλλαγής",Hindi:"ट्रांसेक्शन ब्लॉक",Hungarian:"tranzakciós blokk",Japanese:"トランザクションブロック",Polish:"Block transakcji",Ukrainian:"блок транзакцій"}},"transaction fee":{term:"transaction fee",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A small fee imposed on transactions sent across a blockchain network. These fees are used to pay network validators or miners for their participation in consensus, and thus ensure that a blockchain network is self-sustaining.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"transaction fee","Simplified Chinese":"交易费用",French:"frais de transaction",German:"Transaktionsgebühr",Indonesian:"biaya transaksi",Italian:"commissione transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 수수료",Persian:"کارمزد تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"taxa de transação",Russian:"комиссия за транзакцию",Spanish:"tarifa de transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"bayad sa transaksyon",Thai:"ค่าธรรมเนียมธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem ücreti",Vietnamese:"phí giao dịch",Arabic:"رسوم المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易手續費",Dutch:"transactiekosten",Greek:"χρεώση συναλλαγής",Hindi:"ट्रांसेक्शन फीस",Hungarian:"tranzakciós díj",Japanese:"トランザクション手数料",Polish:"Opłata za transakcje",Ukrainian:"комісія за транзакцію"}},"transaction ID":{term:"transaction ID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A transaction hash/ID (often abbreviated as tx hash or txn hash) is a unique identifier, similar to a receipt, that serves as proof that a transaction was validated and added to the blockchain. In many cases, a transaction hash is needed in order to locate funds.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"transaction ID","Simplified Chinese":"交易 ID",French:"ID de transaction",German:"Transaktions-ID",Indonesian:"ID transaksi",Italian:"ID transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 ID",Persian:"شناسه تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"ID da transação",Russian:"ID транзакции",Spanish:"ID de transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"ID ng transaksyon",Thai:"ID ธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem kimliği",Vietnamese:"ID giao dịch",Arabic:"مُعرفّ المعاملة","Traditional Chinese":"交易ID",Dutch:"transactie-ID",Greek:"Αναγνωριστικό συναλλαγής",Hindi:"Transaction ID",Hungarian:"tranzakció azonosító",Japanese:"トランザクション ID",Polish:"ID transakcji",Ukrainian:"ID транзакції"}},"transaction pool":{term:"transaction pool",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"When a user submits a transaction to the Ethereum network--or many other networks based on Ethereum--the transaction goes into what's know as a 'transaction pool', or 'txpool' for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the blockchain. There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are 'picked up' and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made (see 'MEV'). In Bitcoin, the transaction pool was referred to as the 'memory pool', or 'mempool', and often these terms are used interchangeably.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"transaction pool","Simplified Chinese":"交易池",French:"pool de transactions",German:"Transaktionspool",Indonesian:"pool transaksi",Italian:"pool transazione",Korean:"트랜잭션 풀",Persian:"استخر تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"pool de transações",Russian:"пул транзакций",Spanish:"grupo de transacciones","Filipino (Tagalog)":"pool ng transaksyon",Thai:"พูลธุรกรรม",Turkish:"işlem havuzu",Vietnamese:"bể nhớ giao dịch",Arabic:"تجمع المعاملات","Traditional Chinese":"交易池",Dutch:"transactiepool",Greek:"ομάδα συναλλαγών",Hindi:"transaction pool",Hungarian:"tranzakciós készlet",Japanese:"トランザクションプール",Polish:"pula transakcji",Ukrainian:"пул транзакцій"}},Transak:{term:"Transak",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Transak is a developer integration toolkit to let users buy/sell crypto in any app, website or web plugin.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Transak","Simplified Chinese":"Transak",French:"Transak",German:"Transak",Indonesian:"Transak",Italian:"Transak",Korean:"트랜삭",Persian:"Transak","Brazilian Portuguese":"Transak",Russian:"Transak",Spanish:"Transak","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Transak",Thai:"Transak",Turkish:"Transak",Vietnamese:"Transak",Arabic:"Transak","Traditional Chinese":"Transak",Dutch:"Transak",Greek:"Transak",Hindi:"Transak",Hungarian:"Transak",Japanese:"Transak",Polish:"Transak",Ukrainian:"Transak"}},Trezor:{term:"Trezor",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Hardware wallet.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Trezor","Simplified Chinese":"Trezor",French:"Trezor",German:"Trezor",Indonesian:"Trezor",Italian:"Trezor",Korean:"Trezor",Persian:"Trezor","Brazilian Portuguese":"Trezor",Russian:"Trezor",Spanish:"Trezor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Trezor",Thai:"Trezor",Turkish:"Trezor",Vietnamese:"Trezor",Arabic:"محفظة Trezor","Traditional Chinese":"Trezor",Dutch:"Trezor",Greek:"Trezor",Hindi:"Trezor",Hungarian:"Trezor",Japanese:"Trezor",Polish:"Trezor",Ukrainian:"Trezor"}},Truffle:{term:"Truffle",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Truffle Suite is a development environment based on Ethereum Blockchain, used to develop dapps. Truffle is a one-stop solution for building dapps: compiling contracts, deploying contracts, injecting it into a web app, creating front-end for dapps and testing. Truffle Suite",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Truffle","Simplified Chinese":"Truffle",French:"Truffle",German:"Truffle",Indonesian:"Truffle",Italian:"Truffle",Korean:"Truffle",Persian:"Truffle","Brazilian Portuguese":"Truffle",Russian:"Truffle",Spanish:"Truffle","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Truffle",Thai:"Truffle",Turkish:"Truffle",Vietnamese:"Truffle",Arabic:"بيئة التطوير Truffle","Traditional Chinese":"Truffle",Dutch:"Truffle",Greek:"Truffle",Hindi:"Truffle",Hungarian:"Truffle",Japanese:"Truffle",Polish:"Truffle",Ukrainian:"Truffle"}},trustless:{term:"trustless",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Trustless' is a term that gets used a lot in the decentralized web, and it deserves some explanation. Traditionally, to call something 'trustless' would sound like a negative thing. In the context of decentralized technology, it has a more technical meaning: since everyone has a copy of the ledger of all transactions ever executed, there is no need for a centralized entity that 'must be trusted' as the source of truth. With public blockchain networks, data isn't kept on some centralized server somewhere that could be hacked or changed arbitrarily; anyone can verify the transactions themselves. This is why the term 'trustless' was coined: there is no need for trust, although, in a way, the rules and assurances built into the blockchain provide the basis for greater trust between people, because the system is guaranteed to work the same for everyone.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"trustless","Simplified Chinese":"去信任",French:"sans confiance",German:"Vertrauenslos",Indonesian:"tidak tepercaya",Italian:"trustless",Korean:"무신뢰",Persian:"بدون نیاز به اعتماد","Brazilian Portuguese":"trustless",Russian:"трастлесс",Spanish:"sin confianza","Filipino (Tagalog)":"hindi kailangan ng tiwala",Thai:"ไม่ต้องไว้วางใจ",Turkish:"güvensiz",Vietnamese:"không cần sự tin tưởng",Arabic:"لا يتطلب ثقة","Traditional Chinese":"去信任",Dutch:"trustless",Greek:"αναξιοπιστία",Hindi:"ट्रस्टलैस (trustless)",Hungarian:"trustless",Japanese:"トラストレス",Polish:"Nieopierające się na zaufaniu",Ukrainian:"«без доверия»"}},"Turing-complete":{term:"Turing-complete",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Any machine that can calculate on a level equal to a programmable computer is Turing-complete, or computationally universal. The Ethereum Virtual Machine, which processes smart contracts and transactions, is Turing-complete, despite not existing on a single physical computer.",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"Turing-complete","Simplified Chinese":"图灵完备",French:"Turing-complet",German:"Turing-Complete",Indonesian:"Turing-complete",Italian:"Turing equivalenza",Korean:"튜링완전",Persian:"تورینگ کامل","Brazilian Portuguese":"Turing completo",Russian:"Полный по Тьюрингу",Spanish:"Turing completo","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Turing-kumpleto",Thai:"สมบูรณ์ตามแบบทัวริง",Turkish:"Turing bütünlüğü",Vietnamese:"ngôn ngữ Turing hoàn chỉnh",Arabic:"تورنج كاملة","Traditional Chinese":"圖靈完整",Dutch:"turingvolledig",Greek:"Turing-complete (Τούρινγκ υπολογιστικά καθολικό)",Hindi:"ट्यूरिंग (Turing)-कम्पलीट",Hungarian:"Turing-teljes",Japanese:"チューリング完全",Polish:"Kompletność Turinga",Ukrainian:"Повна за Тьюрингом"}},"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)":{term:"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Two-factor authentication (2FA) is an identity and access management security method that requires two forms of identification to access resources and data. 2FA gives businesses the ability to monitor and help safeguard their most vulnerable information and networks.See also 'U2F' When 2FA",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)","Simplified Chinese":"双因素认证（2FA）",French:"Authentification double (2FA)",German:"Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung (2FA)",Indonesian:"Autentikasi Dua Faktor (2FA)",Italian:"Autenticazione a due fattori (2FA)",Korean:"이중 인증(two-factor authentication, 2FA)",Persian:"تایید هویت دو عاملی (2FA)","Brazilian Portuguese":"Autenticação de dois fatores (2FA)",Russian:"Двухфакторная аутентификация (2ФА)",Spanish:"autenticación de dos factores (2FA)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)",Thai:"การพิสูจน์ตัวจริงสองปัจจัย (2FA)",Turkish:"İki Faktörlü Kimlik Doğrulaması (2FA)",Vietnamese:"Xác thực hai yếu tố (2FA)",Arabic:"المصادقة الثنائية (2FA)","Traditional Chinese":"雙重要素驗證 (2FA)",Dutch:"verificatie in twee stappen (2FA)",Greek:"Επαλήθευση δύο παραγόντων (2FA)",Hindi:"टू-फैक्टर ऑथेंटिकेशन (2FA)",Hungarian:"kétlépcsős hitelesítés (2FA)",Japanese:"二要素認証 (2FA)",Polish:"Uwierzytelnianie dwuskładnikowe (2FA)",Ukrainian:"Двофакторна аутентифікація (2FA)"}},TXID:{term:"TXID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Transaction ID",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"TXID","Simplified Chinese":"交易 ID",French:"TXID (ID de transaction)",German:"TXID",Indonesian:"TXID",Italian:"TXID",Korean:"TXID",Persian:"شناسه تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"TXID",Russian:"TXID",Spanish:"ID de transacción","Filipino (Tagalog)":"TXID",Thai:"TXID",Turkish:"TXID",Vietnamese:"TXID",Arabic:"مُعرفّ المعاملة (TXID)","Traditional Chinese":"轉賬ID",Dutch:"TXID",Greek:"TXID",Hindi:"TXID",Hungarian:"TXID",Japanese:"TXID",Polish:"TXID",Ukrainian:"TXID"}},U2F:{term:"U2F",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) is an open standard that strengthens and simplifies two-factor authentication (2FA) using specialized Universal Serial Bus (USB) or near-field communication (NFC) devices based on similar security technology found in smart cards",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"U2F","Simplified Chinese":"U2F（通用第二因素）",French:"U2F",German:"U2F",Indonesian:"U2F",Italian:"U2F",Korean:"U2F",Persian:"U2F","Brazilian Portuguese":"U2F",Russian:"U2F",Spanish:"U2F","Filipino (Tagalog)":"U2F",Thai:"U2F",Turkish:"Evrensel 2. Faktör (U2F)",Vietnamese:"U2F",Arabic:"المعامل الثاني الشامل (U2F)","Traditional Chinese":"通用第二因素",Dutch:"U2F",Greek:"U2F",Hindi:"U2F",Hungarian:"U2F",Japanese:"U2F",Polish:"U2F",Ukrainian:"U2F"}},Uniswap:{term:"Uniswap",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Uniswap is a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange that uses a set of smart contracts to execute trades on its exchange.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Uniswap","Simplified Chinese":"Uniswap",French:"Uniswap",German:"Uniswap",Indonesian:"Uniswap",Italian:"Uniswap",Korean:"유니스왑",Persian:"یونی‌سوآپ","Brazilian Portuguese":"Uniswap",Russian:"Uniswap",Spanish:"Uniswap","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Uniswap",Thai:"Uniswap",Turkish:"Uniswap",Vietnamese:"Uniswap",Arabic:"Uniswap","Traditional Chinese":"Uniswap",Dutch:"Uniswap",Greek:"Uniswap",Hindi:"Uniswap",Hungarian:"Uniswap",Japanese:"Uniswap",Polish:"Uniswap",Ukrainian:"Uniswap"}},"unspent transaction output (UTXO)":{term:"unspent transaction output (UTXO)",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"An unspent transaction output (UTXO) represents some amount of digital currency which has been authorized by one account to be spent by another. UTXOs use public key cryptography to identify and transfer ownership between holders of public/private key pairs. UTXOs are formatted with the recipient's public key, thus restricting the ability to spend that UTXO to the account that can prove ownership of the associated private key. The UTXO can only be spent if it includes the digital signature associated with the public key attached the last time it was sent.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"unspent transaction output (UTXO)","Simplified Chinese":"未花费的交易输出（UTXO）",French:"sortie de transaction non utilisée (UTXO)",German:"Uneingelöster Transaktions-Output (UTXO)",Indonesian:"output transaksi tidak digunakan (UTXO)",Italian:"output di una transazione non spesa (UTXO)",Korean:"미사용 트랜잭션 출력값(UTXO)",Persian:"خروجی خرج‌نشده تراکنش (UTXO)","Brazilian Portuguese":"saída de transação não gasta (UTXO)",Russian:"выход неизрасходованных транзакций (UTXO)",Spanish:"salida de transacción no gastada (UTXO)","Filipino (Tagalog)":"unspent transaction output (UTXO)",Thai:"เอาต์พุตธุรกรรมที่ยังไม่ใช้จ่าย (UTXO)",Turkish:"harcanmamış işlem çıktısı (UTXO)",Vietnamese:"đầu ra giao dịch chưa được sử dụng (UTXO)",Arabic:"ناتج المعاملات غير المُنفقة (UTXO)","Traditional Chinese":"未花費交易輸出",Dutch:"unspent transaction output (UTXO)",Greek:"αδιάθετη έξοδος συναλλαγής (UTXO)",Hindi:"अनस्पेंट ट्रांसेक्शन आउटपुट (UTXO)",Hungarian:"felhasználatlan tranzakció kimenet (FTK)",Japanese:"未使用トランザクションアウトプット (UTXO)",Polish:"Unspent transaction output (UTXO)",Ukrainian:"вихід невитрачених транзакцій (UTXO)"}},upgrade:{term:"upgrade",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Upgrading is the process of replacing a product with a newer version of the same product. In computing and consumer electronics, an upgrade is generally a replacement of hardware, software, or firmware with a newer or better version, in order to bring the system up to date or to improve its characteristics. See also EIP-1159, merge, and other important Ethereum upgrades",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"upgrade","Simplified Chinese":"升级",French:"mise à niveau / mettre à niveau",German:"Upgrade",Indonesian:"upgrade",Italian:"upgrade",Korean:"업그레이드",Persian:"ارتقا","Brazilian Portuguese":"upgrade",Russian:"апгрейд",Spanish:"actualizar","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mag-upgrade",Thai:"อัปเกรด",Turkish:"yükselt",Vietnamese:"nâng cấp",Arabic:"ترقية","Traditional Chinese":"升級",Dutch:"upgraden",Greek:"αναβάθμιση",Hindi:"अपग्रेड",Hungarian:"frissíteni",Japanese:"アップグレード",Polish:"Aktualizacja",Ukrainian:"оновити"}},UTXO:{term:"UTXO",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Acronym; Unspent Transaction Output.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"UTXO","Simplified Chinese":"UTXO（未花费的交易输出）",French:"UTXO",German:"UTXO",Indonesian:"UTXO",Italian:"UTXO",Korean:"UTXO",Persian:"خروجی‌ خرج‌نشده تراکنش","Brazilian Portuguese":"UTXO",Russian:"UTXO",Spanish:"UTXO","Filipino (Tagalog)":"UTXO",Thai:"UTXO",Turkish:"UTXO",Vietnamese:"UTXO",Arabic:"ناتج المعاملات غير المُنفقة (UTXO)","Traditional Chinese":"未花費交易輸出",Dutch:"UTXO",Greek:"UTXO (Αδιάθετη έξοδος συναλλαγής)",Hindi:"UTXO",Hungarian:"FTK",Japanese:"UTXO",Polish:"UTXO",Ukrainian:"UTXO"}},validator:{term:"validator",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A participant in Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus. On Ethereum’s Proof of Stake network, validators need to stake 32 ETH in order to get included in the validator set. See also ‘staking’.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"validator","Simplified Chinese":"验证器",French:"validateur",German:"Validator",Indonesian:"validator",Italian:"validatore",Korean:"밸리데이터",Persian:"اعتبارسنج","Brazilian Portuguese":"validador",Russian:"валидатор",Spanish:"validador","Filipino (Tagalog)":"nagpapatibay",Thai:"ผู้ยืนยัน",Turkish:"doğrulayıcı",Vietnamese:"người xác thực",Arabic:"المُدققّ","Traditional Chinese":"區塊鏈驗證人",Dutch:"validator",Greek:"εγκριτής",Hindi:"वैलिडेटर",Hungarian:"érvényesítő",Japanese:"バリデーター",Polish:"Walidator",Ukrainian:"валідатор"}},"validity proof":{term:"validity proof",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The proof submitted along with certain types of rollups to prove that the transactions are valid. See also 'rollups'.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"validity proof","Simplified Chinese":"有效性证明",French:"preuve de validité",German:"Gültigkeitsnachweis",Indonesian:"bukti validitas",Italian:"prova di validazione",Korean:"유효성 증명",Persian:"اثبات اعتبار","Brazilian Portuguese":"prova de validação",Russian:"доказательство действительности",Spanish:"prueba de validez","Filipino (Tagalog)":"katibayan ng bisa",Thai:"หลักฐานยืนยัน",Turkish:"geçerlilik ispatı",Vietnamese:"bằng chứng hợp lệ",Arabic:"إثبات الصلاحية","Traditional Chinese":"有效性證明",Dutch:"bewijs van geldigheid",Greek:"απόδειξη εγκυρότητας",Hindi:"वैलिडिटी प्रूफ",Hungarian:"érvényességi igazolás",Japanese:"有効性証明",Polish:"Dowód ważności",Ukrainian:"підтвердження достовірності"}},Validium:{term:"Validium",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"One of the technologies developed for scaling of the Ethereum network; see more here.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Validium","Simplified Chinese":"Validium 扩容技术",French:"Validium",German:"Validium",Indonesian:"Validium",Italian:"Validium",Korean:"발리디움",Persian:"ولیدیوم","Brazilian Portuguese":"Validium",Russian:"Validium",Spanish:"Validium","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Validium",Thai:"Validium",Turkish:"Validium",Vietnamese:"Giải pháp Validium",Arabic:"Validium","Traditional Chinese":"Validium",Dutch:"Validium",Greek:"Validium (δεδομένα εκτός αλυσίδας)",Hindi:"वैलिडियम",Hungarian:"Validium",Japanese:"バリディウム",Polish:"Validium",Ukrainian:"Validium"}},"Vault Decryptor":{term:"Vault Decryptor",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The MetaMask Vault Decryptor is a tool used in recovering the Secret Recovery Phrase. This tool was written by MetaMask co-founder Dan Finlay and can be accessed here: Vault Decryptor",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Vault Decryptor","Simplified Chinese":"Vault Decryptor",French:"Décrypteur/Déchiffreur de coffre-fort",German:"Vault Decryptor",Indonesian:"Dekriptor Vault",Italian:"Vault Decryptor",Korean:"볼트 암호해독기",Persian:"Vault Decryptor","Brazilian Portuguese":"Vault Decryptor",Russian:"Vault Decryptor",Spanish:"Vault Decryptor","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Vault Decryptor",Thai:"Vault Decryptor",Turkish:"Vault Şifre Çözücü",Vietnamese:"Vault Decryptor",Arabic:"Vault Decryptor","Traditional Chinese":"私鑰解密器",Dutch:"Vault Decryptor",Greek:"Κενή μονάδα κρυπτογράφησης",Hindi:"वॉल्ट डिक्रिप्टर",Hungarian:"Boltozat dekódoló",Japanese:"Vault Decryptor",Polish:"Vault Decryptor",Ukrainian:"Vault Decryptor"}},Vesting:{term:"Vesting",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In the context of 'vesting period': The act of restricting the sale of a token for a particular period of time. Vesting period",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Vesting","Simplified Chinese":"等待行权",French:"Acquisition",German:"Vesting",Indonesian:"Vesting",Italian:"Vesting",Korean:"베스팅",Persian:"توزیع برنامه‌ریزی شده توکن","Brazilian Portuguese":"Vesting",Russian:"Вестинг",Spanish:"bloqueo de tokens","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Vesting",Thai:"ทยอยให้ตามเวลา",Turkish:"Vesting",Vietnamese:"Khoá",Arabic:"استحقاق","Traditional Chinese":"逐步解鎖期",Dutch:"vesting/wacht-",Greek:"Περιορισμός πώλησης",Hindi:"वेस्टिंग",Hungarian:"vesting",Japanese:"ベスティング",Polish:"Vesting",Ukrainian:"Вестинг"}},wallet:{term:"wallet",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"In Ethereum-based blockchain technology, a 'wallet' is a something that allows you to manage private keys, your Secret Recovery Phrase, and the accounts generated from it. This could be an internet-connected 'hot wallet', like MetaMask, or an 'airgapped' hardware wallet. In more technical speak, you could say 'the wallet is the client, not the keys.' It is very common for people to use the word 'wallet' to refer to their SRP itself, or the accounts generated from it, or even to one account.",termCategory:"MetaMask term",i18n:{Term:"wallet","Simplified Chinese":"钱包",French:"Portefeuille",German:"Wallet (die)",Indonesian:"dompet",Italian:"portafoglio",Korean:"지갑",Persian:"کیف پول","Brazilian Portuguese":"carteira",Russian:"кошелек",Spanish:"monedero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"wallet",Thai:"วอลเล็ต",Turkish:"cüzdan",Vietnamese:"ví",Arabic:"محفظة","Traditional Chinese":"錢包",Dutch:"wallet",Greek:"πορτοφόλι",Hindi:"वॉलेट",Hungarian:"pénztárca",Japanese:"ウォレット",Polish:"Portfel",Ukrainian:"гаманець"}},WalletConnect:{term:"WalletConnect",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"WalletConnect is an open source protocol for connecting decentralised applications to mobile wallets with QR code scanning or deep linking.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"WalletConnect","Simplified Chinese":"WalletConnect",French:"WalletConnect",German:"WalletConnect",Indonesian:"WalletConnect",Italian:"WalletConnect",Korean:"월렛커넥트",Persian:"ولت کانکت","Brazilian Portuguese":"WalletConnect",Russian:"WalletConnect",Spanish:"WalletConnect","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WalletConnect",Thai:"WalletConnect",Turkish:"WalletConnect",Vietnamese:"WalletConnect",Arabic:"بروتوكول WalletConnect","Traditional Chinese":"WalletConnect",Dutch:"WalletConnect",Greek:"WalletConnect",Hindi:"WalletConnect",Hungarian:"WalletConnect",Japanese:"WalletConnect",Polish:"WalletConnect",Ukrainian:"WalletConnect"}},"web3, Web 3.0":{term:"web3, Web 3.0",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Web3, or Web 3.0, are terms used synonymously with “the decentralized web” and are often used to refer, broadly, to the blockchain and decentralized technology ecosystems and communities as a whole.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"web3, Web 3.0","Simplified Chinese":"Web3，Web 3.0",French:"web3, Web 3.0",German:"Web3, Web 3.0",Indonesian:"web3, Web 3.0",Italian:"web3, Web 3.0",Korean:"웹3, 웹 3.0",Persian:"وب 3، وب 3.0","Brazilian Portuguese":"web3, Web 3.0",Russian:"web3, Web 3.0",Spanish:"web3, Web 3.0","Filipino (Tagalog)":"web3, Web 3.0",Thai:"เว็บ 3, เว็บ 3.0",Turkish:"web3, Web 3.0",Vietnamese:"web3, Web 3.0",Arabic:"ويب 3، ويب 3.0","Traditional Chinese":"web3, Web 3.0",Dutch:"web3, Web 3.0",Greek:"web3, Web 3.0",Hindi:"web3, Web 3.0",Hungarian:"web3, Web 3.0",Japanese:"web3, Web 3.0",Polish:"web3, Web 3.0",Ukrainian:"web3, Web 3.0"}},WebHID:{term:"WebHID",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"WebHID (Human Interface Device) Enables web applications to interact with human interface devices (HIDs) other than the standard supported devices (mice, keyboards, touchscreens, and gamepads). However, there are many other HID devices that are currently inaccessible to the web",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"WebHID","Simplified Chinese":"WebHID",French:"WebHID",German:"WebHID",Indonesian:"WebHID",Italian:"WebHID",Korean:"WebHID",Persian:"WebHID","Brazilian Portuguese":"WebHID",Russian:"WebHID",Spanish:"WebHID","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WebHID",Thai:"WebHID",Turkish:"WebHID",Vietnamese:"WebHID",Arabic:"WebHID","Traditional Chinese":"WEB 型人機介面設備",Dutch:"WebHID",Greek:"WebHID",Hindi:"WebHID",Hungarian:"WebHID",Japanese:"WebHID",Polish:"WebHID",Ukrainian:"WebHID"}},WebSocket:{term:"WebSocket",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"WebSocket is a computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. It's often used by dapps to regularly fetch up-to-date information from the blockchain.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"WebSocket","Simplified Chinese":"WebSocket",French:"WebSocket",German:"WebSocket",Indonesian:"WebSocket",Italian:"WebSocket",Korean:"웹소켓",Persian:"وب‌سوکت","Brazilian Portuguese":"WebSocket",Russian:"WebSocket",Spanish:"WebSocket","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WebSocket",Thai:"WebSocket",Turkish:"WebSocket",Vietnamese:"WebSocket",Arabic:"بروتوكول WebSocket","Traditional Chinese":"網絡傳輸協議",Dutch:"WebSocket",Greek:"WebSocket",Hindi:"वेबसॉकेट",Hungarian:"WebSocket",Japanese:"WebSocket",Polish:"WebSocket",Ukrainian:"WebSocket"}},Wei:{term:"Wei",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Wei is the smallest denomination of ether, the currency used to facilitate transactional operations on the Ethereum blockchain network, where 10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 wei is equivalent to one ether.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Wei","Simplified Chinese":"Wei",French:"Wei",German:"Wei",Indonesian:"Wei",Italian:"Wei",Korean:"웨이",Persian:"وی","Brazilian Portuguese":"Wei",Russian:"Вей",Spanish:"wei","Filipino (Tagalog)":"WebSocket",Thai:"เวย์",Turkish:"Wei",Vietnamese:"Wei",Arabic:"وي (Wei)","Traditional Chinese":"Wei",Dutch:"wei",Greek:"Wei",Hindi:"Wei",Hungarian:"Wei",Japanese:"Wei",Polish:"Wei",Ukrainian:"Вей"}},Whitepaper:{term:"Whitepaper",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Whitepapers explain the purpose and technology behind a project.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Whitepaper","Simplified Chinese":"白皮书",French:"Livre blanc",German:"Whitepaper",Indonesian:"Whitepaper",Italian:"Whitepaper",Korean:"백서",Persian:"گزارش جامع","Brazilian Portuguese":"Whitepaper",Russian:"Белая книга",Spanish:"libro blanco","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Whitepaper",Thai:"หนังสือชี้ชวน",Turkish:"Teknik doküman",Vietnamese:"Sách trắng",Arabic:"الورقة التعريفية","Traditional Chinese":"白皮書",Dutch:"whitepaper",Greek:"Λευκή Βίβλος",Hindi:"वाइटपेपर",Hungarian:"fehér papír",Japanese:"ホワイトペーパー",Polish:"Biała księga",Ukrainian:"Технічний документ"}},Wrapping:{term:"Wrapping",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Wrapping a token is a way of bringing a token from one network to another, like wrapped Bitcoin or MATIC tokens on Ethereum Mainnet. User Guide: Tokens",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Wrapping","Simplified Chinese":"包装",French:"Emballage",German:"Wrapping",Indonesian:"Wrapping",Italian:"Wrapping",Korean:"래핑",Persian:"انتقال از یک شبکه به شبکه دیگر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Encapsulamento",Russian:"Обертывание",Spanish:"envolver","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Wrapping",Thai:"การห่อ",Turkish:"Sarma",Vietnamese:"Bao bọc",Arabic:"تغليف التوكِنّ","Traditional Chinese":"包裝",Dutch:"wrappen",Greek:"Αντιστοίχιση",Hindi:"रैपिंग",Hungarian:"becsomagolni",Japanese:"ラッピング",Polish:"Wrapping",Ukrainian:"Обгортання"}},Wyre:{term:"Wyre",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Wyre is a regulated Money Service Business (MSB), which means it is a financial services provider licensed to transmit and convert money. The company is almost a decade old, having been around since 2013. Wyre provides what the company calls a secure and compliant bridge between fiat and cryptocurrencies. It serves as an infrastructure provider for blockchain businesses to connect with the fiat economy. In other words, Wyre payments enable blockchain businesses to efficiently integrate highly customizable fiat on-ramps into their onboarding flows.",termCategory:"Software term",i18n:{Term:"Wyre","Simplified Chinese":"Wyre",French:"Wyre",German:"Wyre",Indonesian:"Wyre",Italian:"Wyre",Korean:"Wyre",Persian:"Wyre","Brazilian Portuguese":"Wyre",Russian:"Wyre",Spanish:"Wyre","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Wyre",Thai:"Wyre",Turkish:"Wyre",Vietnamese:"Wyre",Arabic:"Wyre","Traditional Chinese":"Wyre",Dutch:"Wyre",Greek:"Wyre",Hindi:"Wyre",Hungarian:"Wyre",Japanese:"Wyre",Polish:"Wyre",Ukrainian:"Wyre"}},"yield farming":{term:"yield farming",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Yield farming is an investment practice that involves locking crypto in a dapp for token rewards. Yield farmers deposit their tokens into DeFi applications for crypto trading, lending, or borrowing.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"yield farming","Simplified Chinese":"收益挖矿",French:"yield farming",German:"Yield Farming",Indonesian:"yield farming",Italian:"yield farming",Korean:"이자농사",Persian:"کشت سود","Brazilian Portuguese":"yield farming",Russian:"фарминг доходности",Spanish:"agricultura de rendimiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"paglilinang ng ani",Thai:"การทำฟาร์ม",Turkish:"yield farming",Vietnamese:"khai thác lợi nhuận",Arabic:"تحصيل العائد","Traditional Chinese":"流動性挖礦",Dutch:"yield farming",Greek:"εξόρυξη ρευστότητας",Hindi:"यील्ड फार्मिंग",Hungarian:"hozamgazdálkodás",Japanese:"イールドファーミング",Polish:"Yield farming",Ukrainian:"прибуткове фермерство"}},"yield-bearing tokens":{term:"yield-bearing tokens",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Yield tokens. See 'yield farming'",termCategory:"Brand/project name",i18n:{Term:"yield-bearing tokens","Simplified Chinese":"收益代币",French:"jetons de yield farming",German:"Ertragsbringende Token",Indonesian:"token yield-bearing",Italian:"token fruttiferi",Korean:"이자지급토큰",Persian:"توکن‌های سودده","Brazilian Portuguese":"tokens de rendimento",Russian:"доходные токены",Spanish:"tokens de rendimiento","Filipino (Tagalog)":"mga token na nagbubunga",Thai:"โทเคนรับผลประโยชน์จากการฟาร์ม",Turkish:"gelir üreten token",Vietnamese:"token tự sinh lãi",Arabic:"التوكنات حاملة العائد","Traditional Chinese":"隨著時間的推移自行產生利息的代幣",Dutch:"yield-bearing tokens",Greek:"συμβολικά νομίσματα με απόδοση",Hindi:"यील्ड-बियरिंग टोकन्स",Hungarian:"hozamot hordozó tokenek",Japanese:"イールドベアリングトークン",Polish:"Tokeny uzyskane w ramach yield farmingu",Ukrainian:"прибуткові токени"}},"zero address":{term:"zero address",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"The Zero Address is an address on the Ethereum network that is the recipient of a special transaction used to register the creation of a new smart contract on the network.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"zero address","Simplified Chinese":"0地址",French:"adresse zéro",German:"Null-Adresse",Indonesian:"alamat nol",Italian:"indirizzo zero",Korean:"제로 어드레스",Persian:"آدرس صفر","Brazilian Portuguese":"endereço zero",Russian:"нулевой адрес",Spanish:"dirección cero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"zero address",Thai:"ที่อยู่สูญ",Turkish:"zero adres",Vietnamese:"địa chỉ zero",Arabic:"العنوان صفر","Traditional Chinese":"零地址",Dutch:"zero address",Greek:"Μηδενική διεύθυνση",Hindi:"ज़ीरो एड्रेस",Hungarian:"nulla cím",Japanese:"ゼロアドレス",Polish:"Adres zerowy",Ukrainian:"нульова адреса"}},"Zero-knowledge proof":{term:"Zero-knowledge proof",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A zero-knowledge proof is a cryptographic method that allows an individual to prove that a statement is true without conveying any additional information.",termCategory:"Ecosystem term",i18n:{Term:"Zero-knowledge proof","Simplified Chinese":"零知识证明",French:"Preuve à divulgation nulle de connaissance (ZKP)",German:"Null-Wissen-Beweis",Indonesian:"Bukti nol pengetahuan",Italian:"Dimostrazione a conoscenza zero",Korean:"영지식 증명",Persian:"اثبات دانش صفر","Brazilian Portuguese":"Prova de conhecimento zero",Russian:"Доказательство с нулевым разглашением",Spanish:"prueba de conocimiento cero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Patunay na walang kaalaman",Thai:"การพิสูจน์โดยไม่ต้องรู้ข้อมูล",Turkish:"Sıfır bilgi ispatı",Vietnamese:"Bằng chứng không kiến thức",Arabic:"إثبات المعرفة الصفرية","Traditional Chinese":"零知識證明",Dutch:"zero-knowledge proof",Greek:"Απόδειξη μηδενικής γνώσης",Hindi:"ज़ीरो-नॉलेज प्रूफ",Hungarian:"zero-knowledge proof (nullaismeretű bizonyítás)",Japanese:"ゼロ知識証明",Polish:"Dowód z wiedzą zerową",Ukrainian:"Доведення з нульовим розголошенням"}},"Zero-knowledge rollup":{term:"Zero-knowledge rollup",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"A rollup of transactions that use validity proofs to offer increased layer 2 transaction throughput while using the security provided by mainnet (layer 1). Although they can't handle complex transaction types, like Optimistic rollups, they don't have latency issues because transactions are provably valid when submitted.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"Zero-knowledge rollup","Simplified Chinese":"零知识汇总",French:"Rollup à divulgation nulle de connaissance(rollup ZK)",German:"Null-Wissen-Rollup",Indonesian:"rollup nol pengetahuan",Italian:"Rollup a conoscenza zero",Korean:"영지식 롤업",Persian:"رول‌آپ‌ بی‌نیاز به دانش","Brazilian Portuguese":"Rollup de conhecimento zero",Russian:"Роллап с нулевым разглашением",Spanish:"rollup de conocimiento cero","Filipino (Tagalog)":"Rollup na walang kaalaman",Thai:"โรลล์อัปแบบไม่ต้องรู้ข้อมูล",Turkish:"Sıfır bilgi rollup",Vietnamese:"Tổng hợp không kiến thức",Arabic:"تجميع المعرفة الصفرية","Traditional Chinese":"零知識匯總",Dutch:"zero-knowledge rollup",Greek:"Zero-knowledge rollup (rollup μηδενικής γνώσης)",Hindi:"ज़ीरो-नॉलेज रॉलअप",Hungarian:"zero-knowledge rollup (nullaismeretű összevont tranzakció)",Japanese:"ゼロ知識ロールアップ",Polish:"Rollup z wiedzą zerową",Ukrainian:"Роллап з нульовим розголошенням"}},"zk-SNARKs":{term:"zk-SNARKs",phonetic:"",partOfSpeech:"",definition:"Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-interactive ARguments of Knowledge are an incredible technology, and vital to the scaling of blockchain technology and the decentralized web. They are mathematically complex and can be daunting; this explanation from the Ethereum Foundation is a good primer.",termCategory:"Blockchain term",i18n:{Term:"zk-SNARKs","Simplified Chinese":"零知识简洁非交互知识论证（zk-SNARK）",French:"zk-SNARKs",German:"zk-SNARKs",Indonesian:"zk-ZSNAKRs",Italian:"Argomento di conoscenza succinto non interattivo a conoscenza zero (zk-SNARKs)",Korean:"영지식 스나크",Persian:"گواه‌های اثبات دانش صفر غیرتعاملی","Brazilian Portuguese":"zk-SNARKs",Russian:"Протоколы zk-SNARK",Spanish:"zk-SNARKs","Filipino (Tagalog)":"zk-SNARKs",Thai:"zk-SNARKs",Turkish:"zk-SNARK'lar",Vietnamese:"zk-SNARK",Arabic:"zk-SNARKs","Traditional Chinese":"zk-SNARKs",Dutch:"zk-SNARK's",Greek:"zk-SNARKs (μη διαδραστικές αποδείξεις μηδενικής γνώσης)",Hindi:"zk-SNARKs",Hungarian:"zk-SNARKs",Japanese:"zk-SNARKs",Polish:"zk-SNARKs",Ukrainian:"zk-SNARKs"}}}}],Ip=is[0].terms,Fp=Ep(function(){this.ref("term"),this.field("definition"),Object.entries(Ip).forEach(([e,t])=>{this.add({term:e,definition:t.definition})})});function a({to:e,children:t}){const i=ts(),r=o=>{o.preventDefault(),i(e)};return n.jsx("a",{href:e,onClick:r,children:t})}const Ap={"0x API":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/0x%20API",children:"0x API "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," and data endpoint for DeFi. 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",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/1inch",children:"1inch "})]})},"3Box Labs":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The inventors and core developers of Ceramic, the first decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," for composable data. Ceramic makes it possible for developers to build data-rich Web3 applications without needing a traditional database, and in the process, unlocks data composability and portability across every application within the Web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"."]})},"51% Attack":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["If more than half the computer power or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," hash rate on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is run by a single person or a single group of people, then a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/51%25%20attack",children:"51% attack "})," is in operation. This means that this entity has full control of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and can negatively affect a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," by taking over ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," operations, stopping or changing transactions, and double-spending coins."]})},Aave:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aave",children:"Aave "})," is an open source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," to create non-custodial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," markets to earn interest on supplying and borrowing assets with a variable or stable interest rate."]})},Account:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Accounts are records or statements of financial expenditure and receipts that relate to a particular period or purpose. In the world of crypto, this is referred to as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),". It gives you certain benefits, and it is a requirement in order to use just about any ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," gives you access to hot wallets, which allow you to quickly buy, sell and trade cryptocurrencies, and it gives you an identity or a way through which you can hold onto your public keys when it comes to the aforementioned process. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Account",children:"Account "})]})},"ACH transfer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["ACH (Automated Clearing House) bank transfer is an electronic payment method that allows money to be transferred between bank accounts in the United States. It is a system that processes transactions in batches and is commonly used for direct ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," of paychecks, bill payments, and online money transfers."]})},"address; public address; account address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Used to send and receive transactions on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", and to identify different users; also referred to as a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),"'. An address is an alphanumeric character string, which can also be represented as a scannable ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "}),". In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", the address begins with 0x. For example: 0x06A85356DCb5b307096726FB86A78c59D38e08ee"]})},Advanced:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Advanced",children:"Advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," controls': it is an optional feature in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),", that gives you more control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," you pay in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),". Using ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/advanced",children:"advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," controls"]})},aggregator:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/aggregator",children:"aggregator "})," is a platform that aggregates ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," from multiple decentralized exchanges (DEXs) or other sources of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," to provide users with the best prices and the most efficient execution for their trades."]})},Aggressive:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees', ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aggressive",children:"Aggressive "})," is a category that enables you to be more forceful with your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),", and have it completed as soon as possible. There are three categories available in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Low",children:"Low "}),", Market, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aggressive",children:"Aggressive "})," Using ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/advanced",children:"advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," controls"]})},Agoric:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Agoric",children:"Agoric "})," is a Proof-of-Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," that functions as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," platform, enabling developers to deploy decentralized applications. The platform is built on a variant of the JavaScript programming language, which is a widely used language for web development."]})},"air-gapping":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A method for securing computers in which the device does not connect to the internet or any other open networks. Many hardware wallets use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/air-gapping",children:"air-gapping "})," as a security mechanism to keep users' private keys or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," offline, and thus safer from any kind of attack."]})},airdrop:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," distribution method used to send ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or tokens to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads."]})},"airdrop (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," distribution method used to send ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or tokens to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," addresses. Sometimes airdrops are used for marketing purposes in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for simple tasks like reshares, referrals, or app downloads."]})},"AirGap Vault":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirGap%20Vault",children:"AirGap Vault "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," application that provides secure storage for digital assets. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," is designed to be used in conjunction with AirGap's other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," app, AirGap ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wallet",children:"Wallet "}),", which is used for sending and receiving transactions."]})},AirSwap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirSwap",children:"AirSwap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") platform for trading digital assets, operating on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," and Layer-2s like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "}),"."]})},algorithm:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "})," is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation."]})},altcoin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As Bitcoin was the first ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),", the term '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/altcoin",children:"altcoin "}),"' was created to refer to 'any ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," other than Bitcoin'. The term is less used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"-enabled ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," communities. Many altcoins are forks of Bitcoin with minor changes (e.g., Litecoin). See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"'."]})},"AML (Anti-Money Laundering)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A set of international laws enacted to diminish the potential for criminal organizations or individuals to launder money. These rules and laws are applied to cryptocurrencies with varying effects in different jurisdictions."})},API:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Application Programming Interface. A software intermediary that allows two separate applications to communicate with one another. APIs define methods of communication between various components."})},"API (Application Programming Interface)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A predefined set of requests that one program can make to another in order to transfer information between them. When you hear someone saying that an application is 'getting information from' another source, it's often doing so through an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/API",children:"API "}),"."]})},AppChain:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," custom-made and optimized for a specific application's needs. An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/appchain",children:"appchain "})," is generally not a full-blown ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", but offers an optimized execution environment for the application, while still relying on an underlying ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". See also: '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),"', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"', 'Layer 3'."]})},"Apple Pay":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Apple%20Pay",children:"Apple Pay "})," is a mobile payment service by Apple Inc. that allows users to make payments in person, in iOS apps, and on the web."]})},Arbitrum:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", designed to improve the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," and reduce the cost of transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It is an implementation of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimistic%20Rollup",children:"Optimistic Rollup "})," technology, which is a type of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution that uses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," computation to reduce the load on the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["ASICs are silicon chips designed to do a specific task. In ASICs used for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," cryptocurrencies, the ASIC will perform a calculation to find values that provide a desired solution when placed into a hashing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "}),"."]})},"asset provenance":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Asset%20provenance",children:"Asset provenance "})," refers to the origin, history, and ownership of a particular ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In the crypto context, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/asset%20provenance",children:"asset provenance "})," refers to the ability to trace the ownership and transfer of a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," from its creation or minting to its current holder."]})},attestation:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Attestation",children:"Attestation "})," in crypto refers to the process of verifying the authenticity or validity of a piece of information or a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Attestation",children:"Attestation "})," is an important aspect of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, as it helps to ensure the integrity and security of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". In general, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/attestation",children:"attestation "})," involves a trusted third-party, or attester, verifying the authenticity of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," or piece of information. This can include verifying the identity of users on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", verifying the accuracy of data, or validating the authenticity of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20signature",children:"digital signature "}),". One example of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/attestation",children:"attestation "})," in crypto is the use of digital signatures to authenticate transactions on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Digital signatures use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "})," to verify the identity of the sender and ensure that the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," has not been tampered with. Another example of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/attestation",children:"attestation "})," in crypto is the use of Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms, which rely on validators to attest to the validity of transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Validators are responsible for verifying transactions and adding new blocks to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", and they are rewarded with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," for their efforts. For more info, see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Attestation",children:"Attestation "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"."]})},Avalanche:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Avalanche",children:"Avalanche "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," platform designed to provide fast and secure transactions for digital assets and applications. The platform uses a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Avalanche",children:"Avalanche "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", which allows for high throughput, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "}),", and customizable blockchains."]})},"Axie Infinity":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Axie%20Infinity",children:"Axie Infinity "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "}),"-based online video game known for its in-game economy, which uses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based cryptocurrencies."]})},"Base fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Every block has a reserve price known as the '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/base%20fee",children:"base fee "}),"'. It is the minimum ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fee a user must pay to include a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," in the next block."]})},"Beacon Chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," was one element built in the infrastructure being built to scale ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". It was the foundation for a transition from a Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism to Proof of Stake (PoS). For more information, see this guide."]})},Binance:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Binance",children:"Binance "})," is a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," which operates in multiple countries, as well as two different blockchains, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BNB%20Chain",children:"BNB Chain "})," and the BNB Smart Chain."]})},"Bitcoin / bitcoin (BTC)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),", which was created in 2009 by an unknown person or group using the name ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Satoshi%20Nakamoto",children:"Satoshi Nakamoto "}),". Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," called the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", which is maintained by a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of computers worldwide. Bitcoin transactions are made directly between users without the need for intermediaries like banks or financial institutions. Users can send and receive Bitcoins using digital wallets. One of the key features of Bitcoin is its limited supply. There will only ever be 21 million Bitcoins in existence, which helps to prevent inflation and maintain the value of the currency. The plural of bitcoin is just bitcoin; the abbreviation is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BTC",children:"BTC "}),", with a space: I have 250 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BTC",children:"BTC "}),"."]})},"block (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["If we think of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," as consisting of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," that is being constantly synced between any number of different nodes (indeed, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," technology' is another phrase used to describe it), imagine that after a certain number of transactions have been added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," has been reached among the nodes that the transactions are valid, then they are cryptographically locked into a 'block' and officially recorded; this 'block' forms the basis for the next one; in this way, they are all linked together in a chain, hence--",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},"block explorer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/API",children:"API "}),", that displays information about ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," activity in a more human-friendly way. While a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," is designed to keep information forever, and be “readable by anyone”, finding the specific information you’re interested in may require indexing data off the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"–that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorers. A prominent example is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/etherscan",children:"etherscan "}),", which also offers explorers on a number of other networks."]})},"block height":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The number of blocks connected together in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". For example, Height 0 would be the very first block, which is also called the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Genesis%20Block",children:"Genesis Block "}),"."]})},"block reward":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The reward given to a miner or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," after it has successfully hashed a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," block. Block rewards can be a mixture of coins and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," fees. The composition depends on the policy used by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," in question, and whether all of the coins have already been successfully mined. The current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20reward",children:"block reward "})," for the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is 12.5 bitcoins per block."]})},"block time":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["When we talk about '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20time",children:"block time "}),"', we're referring to how long it takes for a block of transactions (see 'block') to be confirmed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", either by miners under PoW or by validators under PoS. See also 'Proof of Work', 'Proof of Stake'."]})},blockchain:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," comprised of unchangeable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks. Each block is ‘chained’ to the next block using a cryptographic signature. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),", open to the world; its digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," is distributed, or synced, between many nodes; these nodes arrive at ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," regarding whether a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is valid before encrypting it, along with a number of other valid transactions, into a block. For more on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, see here. See also 'block'."]})},"Blockchain explorer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorer is an application, most often a website along with a corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/API",children:"API "}),", that displays information about ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," activity in a more human-friendly way. While a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," is designed to keep information forever, and be 'readable by anyone', finding the specific information you're interested in may require indexing data off the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"--that is, sorting it according to given categories (sender address, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," type, etc) into a separate database which can then be queried by the user; this essential function is provided by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorers. A prominent example is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/etherscan",children:"etherscan "}),", which also offers explorers on a number of other networks."]})},"blockchain trilemma":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Tradeoffs facing those building ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks vis-a-vis three elements: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "}),", security, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," (or speed). These three elements are either necessary or desireable in public distributed networks, and often, designing a system that optimizes for one compromises on another."]})},"BNB Chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Build N Build (BNB) Chain is a distributed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," upon which developers and innovators can build decentralized applications (DApps) as part of the move to Web3. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/BNB%20chain",children:"BNB chain "})]})},"bounty / bug bounty":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A reward offered for exposing vulnerabilities and issues in computer code."})},"brain wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," generated from a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "})," or password or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/passphrase",children:"passphrase "})," of your choosing. Humans are not capable of generating enough ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/entropy",children:"entropy "}),", or randomness, and therefore the wallets derived from these phrases are insecure; brain wallets can be brute forced by super fast computers. For this reason, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/brain%20wallet",children:"brain wallet "})," are insecure and should not be used. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Seed%20phrase",children:"Seed phrase "})," / ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"'."]})},Brave:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Brave",children:"Brave "})," is a free and open-source web browser developed by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Brave",children:"Brave "})," Software, Inc., based on the Chromium web browser. It has a built-in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," that allows users to connect to the web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"."]})},Bridge:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "})," is a tool built to move assets from one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to another. It’s also a verb, used to describe that action: “I bridged my ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "}),".” Not all bridges are created equal, and you should be informed about what you’re doing before you use one. Field Guide to bridges See also ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "})]})},BTC:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Abbreviation for Bitcoin"})},BUIDL:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Ostensibly coined (see what we did there) by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "}),"'s Kevin Owocki. It reflects the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-focused mindset of not just investing in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," as a store of value, but rather investing in it as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," and a platform for public goods and software; it complements, in this sense, the now-infamous HODL."]})},bytecode:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bytecode",children:"Bytecode "})," is a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-level' computer language, that is, meant to be processed by a computer, rather than a 'high-level', more human-readable, language. In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", higher-level ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Solidity",children:"Solidity "})," is compiled into ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),", which is read by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "}),")."]})},"Byzantine fault tolerance":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A Byzantine fault, or failure, is one of the most difficult failures to deal with in computer systems; this is because it takes into ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," the possibility that the information used to determine the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the system may--or may not--be reliable. While applicable in many realms of technology, this becomes of particular interest in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," systems: how do we ensure that we can agree on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," when there is an incentive, often a significant financial incentive, to subvert the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," for one's own profit? On a more basic level, if we're coordinating a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," running around the world on all kinds of different hardware and software, there are all kinds or problems that can occur that hinder the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s ability to reach ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," on its current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),". Therefore, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that has been designed and implemented to be resistant to these sorts of failures, either due to malicious intent or technical failure, is said to be Byzantine Fault Tolerant."]})},"Byzantium fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"' in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that occurred in October of 2017. For detailled information, see here; see also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'."]})},Celo:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Celo",children:"Celo "})," is a platform designed to allow mobile users around the world to make simple financial transactions with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". The platform has its own ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and two native tokens: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/CELO",children:"CELO "})," and cUSD"]})},"Centralized exchange (CEX)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/CEX",children:"CEX "}),") is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that is operated and controlled by a centralized entity. In a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/CEX",children:"CEX "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," company or organization acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers, holding and managing the assets on behalf of its users. Centralized exchanges typically offer a wide range of trading pairs, with many popular cryptocurrencies available for trade. They also usually have high ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," and offer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/advanced",children:"advanced "})," trading features such as margin trading, order types, and charting tools. However, centralized exchanges also have several drawbacks. They are often targeted by hackers, as the centralized nature of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," makes them a single point of failure. They also require users to trust the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," to hold their funds securely and execute trades fairly, which can be a source of concern for some users."]})},CEX:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see 'Centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Exchange",children:"Exchange "}),"'."]})},"chain ID":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/chain%20ID",children:"chain ID "})," is a unique identifier that represents a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". We use it to distinguish different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks from each other and to ensure that transactions and messages are sent to the correct ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," networks have two identifiers, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ID and a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/chain%20ID",children:"chain ID "}),". Although they often have the same value, they have different uses. Peer-to-peer communication between nodes uses the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ID, while the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," signature process uses the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/chain%20ID",children:"chain ID "})]})},Chrome:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Internet browser."})},"client (Ethereum or other compatible blockchain)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing in general, a 'client' is a program, running on a local computer, that is accessing data made available by a remote computer. In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks, a 'client' is the software that actually does the work of syncing block data, confirming transactions, and participating in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". A client usually includes a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," software ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," has supported efforts to maintain the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," clients of Besu and Teku; see an up-to-date list of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," clients here."]})},Codefi:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Derived from “Commerce & ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Decentralized%20Finance",children:"Decentralized Finance "}),"”, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Codefi",children:"Codefi "}),", part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "}),", builds applications for commerce and financial use cases. Currently known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensys",children:"Consensys "})," Staking"]})},coin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The term '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),"' has some nuances. Strictly speaking, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),"' could be defined as: A fungible ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," (all of them identical) issued on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", either as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s transactional ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),", or through a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," deployed to that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Some people may use 'coins' as shorthand for 'bitcoin'; the immortal aphorism 'not your keys, not your coins' refers to bitcoins. Another thing to keep in mind is that, while coins are put forward as some sort of representation of value, that value can vary wildly from one '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),"' to another. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "})," may represent the value of the computational resources of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", or it may be 'pegged' to represent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "})," value, or it may float according to the value placed on immaterial resources like NFTs, membership, or digital goods, to name a few."]})},"Coinbase Pay":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Coinbase%20Pay",children:"Coinbase Pay "})," is a payment feature that allows you to buy or transfer supported crypto on Coinbase.com directly from self-custody wallets (like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),") and dapps."]})},"cold storage":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["cold ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cold%20storage",children:"cold storage "}),": An offline ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub"]})},"cold wallet / cold storage":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An offline ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," that is never connected to the internet. These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online. For more information, check out ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub."]})},"Community Platform":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/community%20platform",children:"community platform "})," is a dedicated virtual space where people who share the same goals, interests, or motivations can connect and build relationships. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/community%20platform",children:"community platform "})," can be accessed here: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Community"]})},Compiling:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["There are many languages in computing and software programming. In general, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-level' languages are those actually processed by the computer's operating system or processor, while 'high-level' languages are those typed in by software developers making programs. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Compiling",children:"Compiling "}),", then, is converting code written in a high-level programming language (e.g., ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Solidity",children:"Solidity "}),") into a lower-level language (e.g., ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),")."]})},Compound:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Compound",children:"Compound "})," is a decentralized, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that allows you to lend and borrow crypto — and have a say in its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," with its native COMP ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),"."]})},confirmation:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/confirmation",children:"confirmation "})," happens when a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," has verified a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Under a Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, this happens through a process known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "}),"; under Proof of Stake (PoS), the process is known as validation. Once a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is successfully confirmed, it theoretically cannot be reversed or double spent. The more confirmations a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," has, the harder it becomes to perform a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "})," attack."]})},consensus:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The process used by a group of peers, or nodes, on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to agree on the validity of transactions submitted to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Dominant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms are Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)."]})},"Consensus client":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," client is a component of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," that is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It communicates with other nodes to reach ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and to ensure that all nodes have a consistent copy of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),". There are various types of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks, including proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS), and delegated proof of stake (DPoS). The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," client implements the specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism used by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and ensures that all nodes follow the rules and reach agreement on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},"Consensus layer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," layer is responsible for validating and verifying transactions and blocks, and for coordinating communication between nodes to achieve ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". In a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," layer is implemented by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "})," that defines how new blocks are added to the chain and how the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," reaches agreement on the current ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),"."]})},"Consensus mechanism":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensus",children:"Consensus "})," mechanisms (also known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," protocols or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," algorithms) allow distributed systems (networks of computers) to work together and stay secure."]})},Consensys:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Short for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensus",children:"Consensus "})," Systems, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," is the software engineering leader of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," space."]})},"Constantinople fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["One of the 'hard forks' made to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", in February 2019. For more detailed information, see here; see also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'."]})},contract:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})]})},"Contract account":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," containing code that executes whenever it receives a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," from another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," (EOA or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),")."]})},CoolWallet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," for Bitcoin, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, and ERC20 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "}),"."]})},"crypto asset":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A useful blanket term that covers ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products."]})},"crypto bounties":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Crypto%20bounties",children:"Crypto bounties "})," are an important rewards mechanism that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects utilize in order to secure the successful accomplishments of certain tasks required by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Initially, bounties were intended as a marketing tool to attract users to participate in performing validation services for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects. Today, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20bounties",children:"crypto bounties "})," have developed significantly beyond the purpose of a simple marketing tool. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20bounties",children:"crypto bounties "})]})},"crypto fund":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20fund",children:"crypto fund "})," is a type of investment fund that focuses on investing in cryptocurrencies or companies involved in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," industry. These funds are designed to give investors exposure to the crypto market without the need for them to directly buy and hold cryptocurrencies themselves."]})},"crypto wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," is a device, physical medium, program or a service which stores the public and/or private keys for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," transactions. Crypto wallets come in different forms, including software wallets, hardware wallets, and paper wallets."]})},"crypto-":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Even though this prefix is originally Greek, our current usage comes from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "}),". Technologies that are referred to with the blanket term of 'crypto' tech are underlain by cryptographic tools and processes (such as public/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," pairs) that enable innovative functionality and security. Of course, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"' often gets shortened to simply 'crypto', so this emerging field is full of instances where something 'crypto' is being added to or shortened. With the emergence of the term 'Web3', arguably a distinction has begun to be made between 'crypto', referring to DeFi and other financial use cases of the technology, while 'Web3' refers to the transition of Internet-based activities to more decentralized practices and platforms."]})},"crypto-compliance":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A blanket term used to refer to ensuring crypto projects conform with applicable regulations and laws."})},cryptoassets:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A useful blanket term that covers ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," assets: cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other, still emerging, products."]})},cryptocurrency:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Digital currency that is based on mathematics and uses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "})," techniques to regulate the creation of units of currency as well as verifying the transfer of funds. Cryptocurrencies operate independently of a central bank, and are kept track of through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," technology."]})},cryptoeconomics:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The economic analysis of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20finance",children:"decentralized finance "}),"; notably, the MIT ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Cryptoeconomics",children:"Cryptoeconomics "})," Lab."]})},cryptography:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In its broadest sense, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "})," is the art of 'hidden writing' -- using some sort of code to encrypt writing. In modern times, it often refers to the application of this concept within computing, communication, and data transfer through computers and computer networks. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Cryptography",children:"Cryptography "})," has been protected as free speech in the United States, and provides the technological foundation that allows ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks to be public: despite the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," being open and accessible by all, control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," and the ability to move assets on it is mediated through cryptographic tools, such as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"."]})},Curve:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Curve",children:"Curve "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "}),"."]})},"custody (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of cryptocurrencies, custody refers to the safekeeping and management of digital assets on behalf of a client by a third-party service provider. Custody services are an important aspect of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," industry because cryptocurrencies are digital assets that require secure storage and management to prevent loss, theft, or unauthorized access. Crypto custody services are typically offered by specialized companies that provide secure storage solutions for cryptocurrencies. These companies use various security measures such as multi-signature authentication, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cold%20storage",children:"cold storage "}),", and insurance to protect their clients' assets."]})},"D'CENT":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20wallet",children:"Hardware wallet "}),"."]})},DAI:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAI",children:"DAI "})," is an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/stablecoin",children:"stablecoin "})," whose issuance and development is managed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "})," and the MakerDAO decentralized autonomous organization."]})},DAO:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Acronym; see 'Decentralized Autonomous Organization'."})},dapp:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20application",children:"decentralized application "}),"'"]})},decentralization:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The transfer of authority and responsibility from a centralized organization, government, or party to a distributed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"decentralized application":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An open-source software application with backend (not user-facing) code running on a decentralized peer-to-peer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", rather than a centralized server. You may see alternate spellings: dApps, DApps, Dapps, and Đapps."]})},"Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A Digital Decentralized Autonomous Organization (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", pronounced like the Chinese concept) is a powerful and very flexible organizational structure built on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Alternatively, the first known example of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "})," is referred to as The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),". The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "})," served as a form of investor-directed venture capital fund, which sought to provide enterprises with new decentralized business models. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based, The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),"’s code was open source. The organization set the record for the most crowdfunded project in 2016. Those funds were partially stolen by hackers. The hack caused an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," hard-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "})," which lead to the creation of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Classic."]})},"decentralized exchange (DEX)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") is a platform for exchanging cryptocurrencies based on functionality programmed on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," (i.e., in smart contracts). The trading is peer-to-peer, or between pools of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "}),". This is in contrast with a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),", which is more akin to a bank or investment firm that specializes in cryptocurrencies. Additionally, there are so-called on-ramp providers, who could be compared to currency brokers, exchanging traditional “fiat” money for cryptocurrencies, and do not hold customer’s funds “on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "}),"” the way a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," does. There are important technical and regulatory differences between these, which are constantly evolving."]})},"decentralized finance":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["If ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," is web3’s monetary system, its financial system is DeFi. This includes familiar concepts like loans and interest-bearing financial instruments, as well as so-called “DeFi primitives”, novel solutions like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," swapping and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pools."]})},"decentralized web":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),", also known as web3, is a concept that refers to a new type of internet architecture that aims to provide a more open, secure, and privacy-preserving internet experience by removing the need for centralized intermediaries and giving users more control over their data. In contrast to the current centralized web, where most online activities are controlled by a few large corporations and their servers, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "})," relies on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of distributed nodes and peer-to-peer protocols to store and transmit data. This means that there is no central authority controlling the internet, and users can interact directly with each other without the need for intermediaries."]})},deposit:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In most web3 contexts, 'depositing' refers to the act of transferring some amount of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),"(s) to an address other than one's own, most often to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," controlled by a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"', such as a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),", video game or multiverse, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", etc. Generally, the user will receive something in return for their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "}),", and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," can be claimed at the user's discretion, or upon completion of given conditions. Compare with 'stake'."]})},"derive / derivation":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["To derive something is to obtain it from an original source. In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"technology, we often discuss 'deriving' wallets and accounts from seed phrases (aka Secret Recovery Phrases, or SRPs). This is literally true: the SRP represents a cryptographic key which is used to derive ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," addresses deterministically, meaning they will be derived the same way each time. Another, more technical, way of referring to this technology is to refer to 'hierarchical deterministic' wallets."]})},dev:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Abbreviation of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/developer",children:"developer "}),"."]})},Devcon:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["This is shorthand for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Developers’ Conference."]})},Developer:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A person that creates new products, especially computer products such as software."})},DEX:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see 'decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),"'."]})},difficulty:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The concept outlining how hard it is to verify blocks in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," during Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "}),". In the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," adjusts every 2016 blocks. This is to keep block verification time at ten minutes."]})},"difficulty bomb":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," bomb, along with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," and others, was a key element of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "})," to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," 2.0 and a Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism. As the name indicates, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," bomb was a software mechanism that increased block verification ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "}),", making it more expensive and difficult--eventually, prohibitively so--to mine a new block. Through economic incentive, and later, the raw limitations of computing power, this forced the shift to PoS ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". See also 'Proof of Stake', 'the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "}),"'."]})},"digital asset":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A digital commodity that is scarce, electronically transferable, and intangible with a market value."})},"digital identity":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"An online or networked identity adopted by an individual, organization, or electronic device."})},"Digital signature":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A short string of data a user produces for a document using a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," such that anyone with the corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),", the signature, and the document can verify that (1) the document was 'signed' by the owner of that particular ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", and (2) the document was not changed after it was signed."]})},"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A type of cyber-attack in which the perpetrator continuously overwhelms the system with requests in order to prevent service of legitimate requests."})},"distributed ledger":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Distributed%20ledger",children:"Distributed ledger "})," data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology, as 'crypto' has come to mean '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"', 'web3' is the collective community, and '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"', after all, is 'just' the data structure used to sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," itself."]})},"Distributed Ledger Technology":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A type of database which spreads across multiple sites, countries, or institutions. Records are stored sequentially in a continuous ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Distributed%20ledger",children:"Distributed ledger "})," data can be either “permissioned” or “unpermissioned”, determining who can view it. This term is used, often, to refer in general to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology, as ‘crypto’ has come to mean ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"’, ‘web3’ is the collective community, and ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’, after all, is “just” the data structure used to sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," itself."]})},DLT:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," technology'."]})},"double spend":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "}),"' is the benchmark security concern of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks: how do we ensure that someone doesn't send the same ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to two different entities, essentially 'spending their money twice'? This is the cornerstone of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, ensuring that all nodes of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," are 'in agreement' about which assets are allocated to which addresses, on an ongoing basis, to prevent malicious actions such as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "}),"."]})},ecosystem:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of 'web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"'; '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"'. See 'web3'; See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"'"]})},Edge:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Edge",children:"Edge "})," computing': it is an emerging computing paradigm which refers to a range of networks and devices at or near the user. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Edge",children:"Edge "})," is about processing data closer to where it's being generated, enabling processing at greater speeds and volumes, leading to greater action-led results in real time. The term can also refer to Microsoft's browser or the crypto software ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})]})},"EIP-1559":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["EIP (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Improvement Proposal) The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," functions as a whole. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "})," will change ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"’s fee market mechanism. Fundamentally, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "})," gets rid of the first-price auction as the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fee calculation. In first-price auctions, people bid a set amount of money to pay for their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to be processed, and the highest bidder wins. With ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "}),", there will be a discrete “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/base%20fee",children:"base fee "}),"” for transactions to be included in the next block. For users or applications that want to prioritize their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),", they can add a “tip,” which is called a “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/priority%20fee",children:"priority fee "}),"” to pay a miner for faster inclusion."]})},"encrypted vs unencrypted keys":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As discussed elsewhere, public and private cryptographic key pairs are one of the technologies that underpins cryptocurrencies and 'crypto' tech in general. In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", an unencrypted ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," is 64 characters long, and it is used to unlock or restore wallets. An encrypted key is also 64 letters long and is a regular ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," that has gone through the process of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "}),". Usually, encrypted private keys are kept within the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," or device they are encrypted by, and they remain out of sight from the user. This is meant to add another layer of security to keep a user’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," information safe. By way of example: if the world ‘Apple’ was your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", then it was encrypted three letters down the alphabet, your new encrypted key would be ‘Dssoh’. Since you know the way to encrypt this key, you could derive the original ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," from it by reversing the method of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "}),"."]})},encryption:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Encrpytion, literally 'in a hidden place', is the art and science of encoding information to control who can read it, or how it is to be read. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Encryption",children:"Encryption "})," occurs in natural (human) languages, as well as in machine and computer languages. Highly complex, and therefore difficult to decipher, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/encryption",children:"encryption "})," is an essential element enabling ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks to be simultaneously public and secure."]})},ENS:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Name Service is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", managed by a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet's DNS."]})},"Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A group of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," core developers, startups, and large companies working together to commercialize and use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for different business applications. Website here."]})},entropy:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "}),", '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/entropy",children:"entropy "}),"' refers to 'randomness'; generally, the more random something is (the more ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/entropy",children:"entropy "})," it has), the more secure it is."]})},epoch:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "}),", in general, is a measure of time, or of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," progression, on a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Proof of Stake, an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "})," consists of 32 slots, each lasting 12 seconds, for a total of 6.4 minutes per ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "}),". There is additional functionality built upon the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "})," measure in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," to help ensure security and proper operation of the Chain."]})},ERC:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Request for Comment, or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),", is a bit of a misnomer, as it is used to refer to suggestions for modifications that have already made it through the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Improvement ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Protocol",children:"Protocol "})," (EIP) process and have been made standard on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "})," is, essentially, a set of standards for a given operation or topic on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". The authoritative list can be found here."]})},"ERC-1155":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," standard for creating semi-fungible tokens, meaning you can launch both fungible and non-fungible tokens within a single ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"."]})},"ERC-20 Token Standard":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "})," is the abbreviation for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Request for Comment and is followed by the assignment number of the standard. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 is a technical standard for smart contracts which is used to issue the majority of tokens (in particular, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," tokens) extant on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". This list of rules states the requirements that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," must fulfill to be compliant and function within the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"ERC-721":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "})," Standard Another standard for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "}),": this is the standard that created what we all now know as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),". This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," standard is used to represent a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens."]})},"ERC-721 Token Standard":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "})," Standard A standard for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," smart contracts, which allows for the issuance of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "}),": this is the standard that created what we all now know as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),". This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," standard is used to represent a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," that is not interchangeable, as opposed to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 (or other equivalent) standard, which issues identical, interchangeable tokens."]})},ETH:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Acronym; see 'ether'"})},"ether (denominations)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["There are a number of denominations of the currency we know as 'ether' or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "}),"; for the definitive explanation, see the original ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Homestead documentation ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Homestead documentation here."]})},"ether (ETH)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Ether is the native ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Ether—also referred to as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," (pronounced with a long “e”, like “teeth” without the “t”)—functions as the fuel of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),", by quantifying the work performed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", and as a form of payment for participants securing the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},Ethereum:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and decentralized software platform upon which developers build and run applications. As it is a proper noun, it should always be capitalized."]})},"Ethereum 2.0":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["a.k.a The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," Finalized in September 2022, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," from a Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," live. This was successful, and reduced the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%."]})},"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The EIP process is a public and open process through which suggestions are made as to how to change (and hopefully, improve) the way the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," functions as a whole; the official repository is here. Individual EIPs are referred to by the name assigned to them in the repository, for example, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EIP-1559",children:"EIP-1559 "}),". Keep in mind that as it is an iterative, lengthy process, some EIPs never get fully approved, and some do, and many end up somewhere in a gray area of 'partially implemented'."]})},"Ethereum Name Service (ENS)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Name Service is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", managed by a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),", which assigns human-readable and easy-to-remember addresses to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," addresses and assets, homologous to the traditional internet’s DNS."]})},"Ethereum Public Address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," public address, also known as an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," address, is a string of 42 characters (including letters and numbers) that is used to receive or send ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," and other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based tokens on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Each ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," public address is unique and is associated with a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," that allows the owner of the address to sign and authorize transactions. The public address is derived from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," using a mathematical ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "}),", and it can be shared with others to receive payments or tokens. When sending ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," or tokens, users need to specify the recipient's public address as the destination for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Once the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is confirmed by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," or tokens are transferred to the recipient's address."]})},"Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," is a virtual machine that operates on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It is Turing complete and allows anyone, anywhere to execute arbitrary ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),". All ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," nodes run on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "}),". It is home for smart contracts based on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Etherscan:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A popular website for analyzing activity on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," explorer’. https://",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/etherscan",children:"etherscan "}),".io/"]})},EVM:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine'."]})},exchange:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A place to trade ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". Centralized exchanges, operated by companies like Coinbase and Gemini, function as intermediaries, while decentralized exchanges do not have a central authority."]})},"Execution client":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Execution clients are tasked with processing and broadcasting transactions, as well as with managing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),". They run the computations for each ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine to ensure that the rules of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," are followed. Today, they also handle proof of work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". After the transition to proof of stake, they will delegate this to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," clients."]})},"Execution layer":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/execution%20layer",children:"execution layer "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of execution clients."]})},"Extended Private Key (XPRIV)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". An extended ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", or xprv, is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," which can be used to derive child private keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"."]})},"Extended Public Key (XPUB)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),"'; see 'Hierarchical Deterministic (HD)' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". An extended ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),", or xpub, is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," which can be used to derive child public keys as part of a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"."]})},Extension:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," is a web browser ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," and mobile app that allows you to manage your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," private keys. By doing so, it serves as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," or other private keys. You retain all power over your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"identity."]})},Fantom:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Fantom",children:"Fantom "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," platform that aims to facilitate fast and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-cost transactions for dapps and smart contracts. It was launched in 2018 and is based on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," codebase, but with several key enhancements. One of the main features of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Fantom",children:"Fantom "})," is its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, known as Lachesis, which is a variant of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) that allows for high ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/confirmation",children:"confirmation "})," times. This means that transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Fantom",children:"Fantom "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," can be processed quickly and at a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "})," cost, making it an attractive platform for developers looking to build dApps that require fast and efficient transactions."]})},faucet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," is an application, sometimes a very simple website, other times more complex, that dispenses ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". While some networks, especially those in early launch stages, offer “real ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),"” tokens via faucets, it is much more common for a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," to be present on a test ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", or testnet. These faucets are used by developers to test out dapps or smart contracts before deploying them on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),", or users who want to practice an action on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," with no risk. Tokens dispensed by a test ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," stay on the test networks and cannot be exchanged for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," equivalents."]})},"fiat currency":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Government-issued currency. For example, US Dollars (USD), Euros (EUR), Yuan (CNY), and Yen (JPY)."})},"final, finality":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is considered 'final' once it can no longer be changed. In a sense, this happens once there are sufficient confirmations of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),", but for all intents and purposes, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is final once the block that contains it is mined or validated. Keep in mind that this reflects a fundamental rule of blockchains: unlike traditional financial systems where charges can be 'reversed', there is no 'undoing' a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Once finality is reached, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," is immutable."]})},"Finality Rate":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"See 'finality'"})},"financial technology (FinTech)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"The integration of technology into offerings by financial services companies in order to improve their use and delivery to consumers."})},finney:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A denomination of ether. See ether (denomination)."})},Firefox:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Internet browser."})},Firewall:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/firewall",children:"firewall "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," traffic based on predetermined security rules. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/firewall",children:"firewall "})," typically establishes a barrier between a trusted ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and an untrusted ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", such as the Internet."]})},Flask:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," has. What is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "}),", and how is it different from normal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})]})},fork:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Forking' is a term that comes from the world of collaborative software development, and refers to the action of copying an existing application or set of code and modifying it to create an alternate version. At the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," level, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"' creates an alternative version of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Forks are often enacted intentionally to apply upgrades to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Soft Forks render two chains with some compatibility, while Hard Forks create a new version of the chain that must be adopted to continue participation. In the instance of a contentious ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hard%20Fork",children:"Hard Fork "}),", this can create two versions of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'."]})},"Fractional Ownership":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," ownership: A fractional ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," (F-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),") is an entire ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," broken into smaller fragments, allowing several people to claim ownership of a piece of the same ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "}),". Fractional NFTs"]})},"Fraud proof":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A security model for certain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," solutions where, to increase speed, transactions are rolled up into batches and submitted to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," in a single ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". They are assumed valid but can be challenged if fraud is suspected. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fraud%20proof",children:"fraud proof "})," will then run the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to see if fraud took place. This method increases the amount of transactions possible while maintaining security."]})},"full node":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Public blockchains consist of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of computers which sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s data, coordinate ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," requests, and participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "}),"'. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/full%20node",children:"full node "})," is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," does not download all pieces of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’s data, and uses a different validation process."]})},Ganache:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ganache",children:"Ganache "})," is a personal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," development that developers can use to deploy contracts, develop applications, and run tests. It is part of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," Suite ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),"."]})},gas:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A measure of the computational steps required for a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This then equates to a fee for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," users paid in small units of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," specified as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gwei",children:"gwei "}),". For more on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "}),", see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"’s user guide here: User Guide: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})]})},"gas fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," fee refers to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," fee on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It is what users pay to get their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," validated, or completed."]})},"gas limit":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," limit is the maximum amount you’re willing to pay for any given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to go through the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Another way of looking at it is as a “rough estimate” of how much computing power your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," will take."]})},"gas price":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," price is what it sounds like: the cost the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is paid for the computational work being performed in a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". It is paid in units of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," called ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gwei",children:"gwei "}),". Depending on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," congestion, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," price may vary significantly."]})},"Gas Station Network":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Station ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GSN",children:"GSN "}),") is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of relayers mainly referring to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It allows you to build dapps which provide payment for transactions, so users do not need to hold Ether or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," to pay for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "}),", easing their onboarding process and improving user acquisition and experience. However, while the relayers in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GSN",children:"GSN "})," do not charge users, they charge the recipient and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "})," instead. In this way, the relayers recover the costs of transactions and profit from extra fees for providing such services. Originally conceived and designed by TabooKey, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GSN",children:"GSN "})," has grown to encompass many companies, protocols and platforms in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," that wish to facilitate the onboarding of users to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," applications. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Station ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})]})},"genesis block":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The initial block of data computed in the history of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},Gigawei:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gwei",children:"Gwei "})," is a unit of ether, the smallest denomination, which stands for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gigawei",children:"gigawei "})," (or 1,000,000,000). ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gwei",children:"Gwei "})," is used for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees, or rather payments made by users to compensate for the computing energy required to process and validate transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Gitcoin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "})," is a platform where coders and developers can get paid to work on open-source software in a wide variety of programming languages. Users can also submit their own project ideas to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "})," platform in order to crowdsource funding from contributing donors. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gitcoin",children:"Gitcoin "})]})},GitHub:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GitHub",children:"GitHub "})," is an online software development platform. It's used for storing, tracking, and collaborating on software projects. It makes it easy for developers to share code files and collaborate with fellow developers on open-source projects. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GitHub",children:"GitHub "})," also serves as a social networking site where developers can openly ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", collaborate, and pitch their work. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/GitHub",children:"GitHub "})]})},Goerli:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Goerli",children:"Goerli "})," is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "}),"."]})},Governance:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the world of cryptocurrencies, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," is defined as the people or organizations that have decision-making powers regarding the project. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Governance",children:"Governance "})," is an essential aspect of all ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," projects. As decentralized blockchains, cryptocurrencies often have a very liberal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," structure. There are a number of different approaches to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Governance",children:"Governance "})]})},GSN:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Abbreviation for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Station ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})]})},gwei:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A minuscule and common denomination of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "}),", and the unit in which ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," prices are often specified. See 'ether (denominations)' entry for more information."]})},halving:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Many cryptocurrencies have a finite supply, which makes them a scarce digital commodity. For example, the total amount of bitcoin that will ever be issued is 21 million. The number of bitcoins generated per block is decreased 50% every four years. This is called “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/halving",children:"halving "}),".” The final ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/halving",children:"halving "})," will take place in the year 2140."]})},"hard fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "})," occurs when there is a change in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," that is not backward compatible (not compatible with older versions), thus requiring all participants to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "})," to the new version in order to be able to continue participating on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"'."]})},"hardware wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," is a physical device that is used to store cryptographic keys, and generally, sign transactions. Some hardware wallets can be connected physically or through software to internet connectivity; others are ‘air-gapped’, receiving ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," requests and sending ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," approvals through a mechanism such as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "}),". The overall goal of using a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," to manage keys and signatures is to reduce the likelihood of your keys or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," from being somehow stolen or compromised, due to being connected to the Internet. For more on hardware wallets, see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20Wallet",children:"Hardware Wallet "})," Hub"]})},"hash (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing, ‘hashing’ is an operation performed on lists or sets of data to create a reliable index for that data. A particular datum, or a reference to it, is fed into an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "}),", which transforms the datum and returns a standardized, and generally unrecognizable, ‘hash’ of it, sometimes referred to as that datum or file’s “digital fingerprint.” Each block in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," contains the hash value that validated the block before it, followed by its own hash value (this is how the continuity of the ‘chain’ is constructed). Hashes can be used to confirm that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," transactions are complete and valid. You may see references to the “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," hash” or “tx hash”; this should be understood as “unique identifier of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"”."]})},"hexadecimal; 'hex data'":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Hexadecimal is a base 16, rather than base 10, counting system. Used all over ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for a variety of things, a hexadecimal string is comprised of the numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and letters A B C D E F."]})},"Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Hierarchical Deterministic wallets were first created for Bitcoin, and enable the creation of a very large number of accounts based on an initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),". This technology was later adopted in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," wallets; when restoring a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),", for example, if you 'create' accounts, they will be the same accounts as previously created from that same phrase; they are derived from it."]})},"hot storage":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Synonymous with '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hot%20wallet",children:"hot wallet "}),"'."]})},"hot wallet":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," that is directly connected to the internet at all times; for example, one that is held on a centralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". Hot wallets are considered to have lower security than ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cold%20storage",children:"cold storage "})," systems or hardware wallets."]})},"Hybrid Network":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Hybrid ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/PoS%2FPoW%20Hybrid",children:"PoS/PoW Hybrid "}),"'"]})},Hyperledger:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," is an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," of open-system tools, libraries, and products designed to enable and support enterprise-grade ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology. In general, the products focus on creating solutions for permissioned blockchains--that is, non-public blockchains, with alternative ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms other than Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS). That said, there are use cases where such institutions would want to integrate with public blockchains, and for that reason ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," Besu and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," Burrow are actively developed projects, the former being a Java-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," client, the latter being a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," platform which supports ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/EVM",children:"EVM "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bytecode",children:"bytecode "}),"."]})},ICO:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An Initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Coin",children:"Coin "})," Offering (also called ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ICO",children:"ICO "}),") occurs when a new ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," project sells advance tokens in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," for upfront capital. These have been a vehicle for fraud and scams, and as such are subject to ever-evolving regulation and legislation."]})},"Identicon / AddressIdenticon / AddressIcon":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The colorful blob of colors that corresponds to your address in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),". It is an easy way to see if your address is correct. More specifically, you can choose between jazzicons (created by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," team!) or blockies."]})},immutability:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The inability to be altered or changed. This is a key element of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks: once written onto a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "}),", data cannot be altered. This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/immutability",children:"immutability "})," provides the basis for commerce and trade to take place on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks."]})},Infura:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "})," offers backend access to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," over established HTTP and WebSockets technology. Prior to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "}),", developers were obligated to run their own nodes of the networks with which they wanted to interact; ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "})," provides that access through a set of APIs. This enables developers of dapps and websites seeking to interact with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," to do so, and at scale. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Infura",children:"Infura "})]})},"Initial Public Offering (IPO)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"An initial public offering (IPO) is the process of a company offering shares for purchase on the stock market for the first time. IPO"})},"Insider Trading":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Insider%20trading",children:"Insider trading "})," happens when someone purchases or sells stocks while possessing private, material information about that stock. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Insider%20Trading",children:"Insider Trading "})]})},"Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Inter-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," Communication (IBC) is a communication ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that allows different blockchains to relay messages to each other. It guarantees reliable, ordered and authenticated communication between the chains. Blockchains can trustlessly ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," value like tokens. IBC does not work like a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "}),". Instead, blockchains send packets of information via smart contracts that allow them to not only ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," value but relay any form of data, such as communication, via the communication ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),". Inter-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," Communication (IBC)"]})},"internal transaction":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/internal%20transaction",children:"internal transaction "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is one that occurs between smart contracts, rather than between addresses. Notably, they are not included on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", and therefore do not incur ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees, but they are often crucial to carrying out the action in question, and can be viewed on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Etherscan",children:"Etherscan "}),". For more detail, see ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s article on the topic: Internal Transactions"]})},Interoperability:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/interoperability",children:"interoperability "}),", or cross-chain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/interoperability",children:"interoperability "}),", is the ability to see and share information across multiple blockchains. One of the clear benefits of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/interoperability",children:"interoperability "})," is being able to trade assets across various blockchains without the need for a centralized, custodial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Interoperability",children:"Interoperability "})]})},"InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A decentralized file storage and referencing system for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", and the internet as a whole. IFPS is an open source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that enables storing and sharing hypermedia (text, audio, visual) in a distributed manner without relying on a single point of failure. This distributed file system enables applications to run faster, safer and more transparently."]})},"IP address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A unique string of characters that identifies each computer using the Internet ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Protocol",children:"Protocol "})," to communicate over a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"JSON file":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an open standard file format for sharing data that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data. it is commonly used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," systems to move data."]})},"JSON-RPC":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "})," is, quite simply, a method used to move data around computer systems, and predates ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology. It was chosen as a standard for moving data between ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks and Internet browsers and wallets, with the result that these networks have come to be called '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/RPC",children:"RPC "})," networks', despite ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "})," not being their defining technical feature."]})},"keystore file":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/keystore%20file",children:"keystore file "})," is a special, encrypted version of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," in JSON format. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"'."]})},"Know Your Customer (KYC)":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A process in which a business must verify the identity and background information (address, financial details, etc.) of their customers. For example, current regulations and laws require banks and other financial institutions to keep and report customers' personal information and transactions."})},"Know Your Transaction":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Know%20Your%20Transaction",children:"Know Your Transaction "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/KYT",children:"KYT "}),") is a process employed by financial institutions to monitor the merchants' businesses through the analysis of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," data."]})},Kovan:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Kovan",children:"Kovan "})," test ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," has been deprecated. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," used to have four testnets: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ropsten",children:"Ropsten "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rinkeby",children:"Rinkeby "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Goerli",children:"Goerli "}),", and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Kovan",children:"Kovan "})," (Kiln was also added for specific purposes relating to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," in 2022). However, after the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," occurred on September 15th 2022, most of the existing testnets began being deprecated (taken out of service). They may still work, but could be unreliable. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Sepolia",children:"Sepolia "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Goerli",children:"Goerli "})," are now the only two available."]})},KYC:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Acronym; see 'Know Your Customer'."})},KYT:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Know%20Your%20Transaction",children:"Know Your Transaction "}),"'."]})},latency:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "}),": refers to the amount of time it takes for a computer on one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to communicate with a computer on another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "})]})},Lattice1:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lattice1",children:"Lattice1 "})," is a powerful, secure, and user-friendly ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," that allows you to manage an unlimited number of wallets and easily transact on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Launchpad:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Launchpad",children:"Launchpad "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Foundation's official way to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," for staking on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Launchpad",children:"Launchpad "})]})},"layer 0":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," refers to the underlying infrastructure that supports the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". It includes the physical hardware, such as computers, servers, and other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," components, as well as the software protocols that govern the interactions between the nodes in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". In other words, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is the foundation upon which the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is built. It provides the necessary resources and technical capabilities for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to function, such as computing power, storage, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," connectivity. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is essential to the operation and security of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", as it ensures that data is transmitted and stored correctly and securely across the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is sometimes also referred to as 'Layer Zero' or 'L0'. It is important to note that the concept of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%200",children:"Layer 0 "})," is not unique to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, but is a more general term used to describe the physical and technical infrastructure underlying any type of computer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"layer 1":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," refers to the base layer of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),". It is the layer that contains the core elements of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", including the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, the data structure, and the rules that govern the creation and transfer of assets or tokens. In other words, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," is the foundation of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology stack, upon which all other layers and applications are built. It is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," and ensuring that all transactions are valid and secure. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," is designed to be decentralized, meaning that no single entity has control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This is achieved through the use of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms, such as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), or other methods, which enable participants to reach agreement on the validity of transactions and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Some examples of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%201",children:"Layer 1 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," protocols include Bitcoin, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Binance",children:"Binance "})," Smart Chain, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Avalanche",children:"Avalanche "}),"."]})},"layer 2":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", or L2, is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," that is built specifically to scale another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". For a full understanding of how this is achieved, see here. Some popular examples of this in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," are ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "}),", and StarkNet. These chains are specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," for security functions, while optimizing for speed and scale. These networks are considered '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solutions' while not being part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"-level ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," efforts. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),"', '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Serenity",children:"Serenity "}),"'. Contrast with '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "}),"'."]})},"Learn; MetaMask Learn":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. https://learn.",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metamask",children:"metamask "}),".io/"]})},Ledger:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{})},"Ledger Live App":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Live is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "})," interface app for users of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Nano X, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Nano S, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Blue. The app enables ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," users to manage their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," hardware and assets. Additionally, it features real-time price updates, multi-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," management, and the convenience of an extremely simple setup process. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ledger",children:"Ledger "})," Live combines the management of your individual crypto assets and device management into one interface, with the intention of gradually replacing the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Chrome",children:"Chrome "}),"-based applications system that previously annoyed some users of the device."]})},Library:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development. These may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. Software ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Library",children:"Library "})]})},Lido:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lido",children:"Lido "})," is a liquid staking ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," that allows users with less than 32 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," to collectively fund new validators and receive rewards."]})},"light client":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In computing, a 'client' is a software that runs or accesses a program made available by a remote computer. With ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," networks, then, clients are the programs that sync ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," data and participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". More often and more specifically, '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"' is used as a noun, to refer to a type of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that is specifically built to handle a large number of transactions quickly by relying on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," for security functions, and optimizing for speed and scale. Examples include ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "}),"; this is different from a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "}),"', which is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that has its own security mechanism, yet still allows compatibility and bridging of assets between itself and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"."]})},"Lightning Network":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lightning%20Network",children:"Lightning Network "})," is a second layer for Bitcoin that uses micropayment channels to scale the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’s capability to conduct transactions more efficiently. This layer consists of multiple payment channels between parties or Bitcoin users. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lightning%20Network",children:"Lightning Network "})," channel is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," mechanism between two parties. Using channels, the parties can make or receive payments from each other. Transactions conducted on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Lightning%20Network",children:"Lightning Network "})," are faster, less costly, and more readily confirmed than those conducted directly on the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},"liquid democracy (delegative democracy)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A government system where votes can be delegated or proxied to other individuals such as friends, politicians, or subject matter experts. For example, in a liquid democracy, Bernadette could give Ahmad her vote and Ahmad would then vote for both himself and Bernadette. Liquid democracy is used at times as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "})," mechanism for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) wherein every participant is able to vote or delegate their vote to another individual."]})},liquidation:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Liquidation",children:"Liquidation "})," happens when a trader has insufficient funds to keep a leveraged trade open. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Liquidation",children:"Liquidation "})]})},liquidity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An asset is considered more ‘liquid’ if it can easily be converted into cash, and therefore, ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "}),"’ refers to the availability of assets to a company or market. Conversely, the harder it is to turn an asset into cash, the more illiquid the asset. For example, stocks are considered relatively liquid assets, as they can be easily converted to cash, while real estate is considered an illiquid asset. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," of an asset affects its risk potential and market price."]})},"liquidity pool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pool is a crowdsourced pool of cryptocurrencies or tokens locked in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," that is used to facilitate trades between the assets on a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),"). Instead of traditional markets of buyers and sellers, many ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20finance",children:"decentralized finance "})," (DeFi) platforms use automated market makers (AMMs), which allow digital assets to be traded in an automatic and permissionless manner through the use of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pools."]})},"liquidity staking":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Liquid staking allows users to stake tokens and simultaneously use them in the DeFi ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),". This is made possible by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wrapping",children:"wrapping "})," the staked tokens and providing users with a wrapped ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," that is a claim on the underlying collateral. The wrapped tokens can be transferred and generate yield. Liquid staking permits users to stake and unstake their coins without being beholden to a lock-up period. It thus enables greater capital efficiency and increased ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," on proof-of-stake blockchains, allowing users to maximize the benefits of staking and DeFi simultaneously. Furthermore, liquid staking enhances ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," security on PoS chains."]})},Low:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees', ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Low",children:"Low "})," is a category that allows you to wait a bit longer and save money if you choose. There are 3 categories available in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Low",children:"Low "}),", Market, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Aggressive",children:"Aggressive "})," Using ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Advanced",children:"Advanced "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Gas",children:"Gas "})," Controls"]})},mainnet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The primary ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," where actual transactions take place on a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "}),". For example, The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," (capitalized in this case) is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," where ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," validation and transactions take place"]})},"Maker Protocol":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "}),", built on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", enables users to create and hold currency. Current elements of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "})," are the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAI",children:"DAI "})," stable ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "}),", Maker Vaults, and Voting. MakerDAO governs the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maker%20Protocol",children:"Maker Protocol "})," by deciding on key parameters (e.g., stability fees, collateral types and rates, etc.)"]})},malware:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the user's computer security and privacy."]})},"market cap":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Short for 'market capitalization', this refers to the total value held in a particular industry, market, company, or asset. For a publicly traded company, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/market%20cap",children:"market cap "})," is the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares. For Bitcoin or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", the total ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/market%20cap",children:"market cap "})," is a reflection of the current existing supply times the market price."]})},"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Originally known as Miner Extractable Value, MEV is a broad complex topic that refers to the inclusion, exclusion, and reordering of transactions within a block in order to extract more value from it, generally in excess of what a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," (or miner, on PoW networks) would earn from producing the block. MEV includes activities such as frontrunning, arbitrage, and what could be considered malicious actions to profit off of other users' transactions. This is a very active topic of research that is changing rapidly."]})},"Maximum Priority Fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The fee, or '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/miner%20tip",children:"miner tip "}),"', goes to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," or miner, and incentivizes them to prioritize your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"memory pool; mempool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["a.k.a. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transaction",children:"Transaction "})," Pool When a user submits a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"–or many other networks based on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"–the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," goes into what’s known as a “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool”, or “txpool” for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are “picked up” and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made. In Bitcoin, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool was referred to as the “memory pool”, or “mempool”, and often these terms are used interchangeably."]})},Merge:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Finalized in September 2022, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," was the culmination of years of work involved in transitioning ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," from a Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," model, to Proof of Stake, all while keeping the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," live. This was successful, and reduced the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s carbon footprint by more than 99.9%."]})},"Merkle Patricia trie":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Often referred to simply as a 'Merkle trie' (pronounced 'tree'), a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merkle%20Patricia%20trie",children:"Merkle Patricia trie "})," is a data structure in which a single hash code function (see 'hash') splits into smaller branches. In a similar way to a family tree, where a parent branch splits into child branches, which are then extrapolated into grandchild branches, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merkle%20Patricia%20trie",children:"Merkle Patricia trie "})," keeps a record of the filiation and history of each element. This type of data structure enables for faster verification on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},Mesh:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mesh",children:"Mesh "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of loosely coupled, tightly aligned teams, products, and investments advancing the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," and the arrival of web3."]})},metadata:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metadata",children:"metadata "}),"': ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Metadata",children:"Metadata "})," is 'data that provides information about other data' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Metadata",children:"Metadata "})]})},MetaMask:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", either in its mobile app form on iOS and Android, or in its browser ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," form, is a tool to access and interact with blockchains and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),". It allows users to manage their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20identity",children:"digital identity "})," and the permission of others to interact with that identity; its functions include that of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),", a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/dapp",children:"dapp "})," permissions manager, and access to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," swaps. It is an open-source project that encourages developers from other projects to build on top of it through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Snaps."]})},"MetaMask Bridge":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "}),": You can now access a curated, straightforward bridging experience in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "}),", available at https://",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/portfolio",children:"portfolio "}),".",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metamask",children:"metamask "}),".io/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "})," Only certain tokens and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," combinations are available initially. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Bridge",children:"Bridge "})]})},"MetaMask Community Platform":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," forums located at community.",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metamask",children:"metamask "}),".io ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/community%20platform",children:"community platform "})," can be accessed here: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Community"]})},"MetaMask Extension":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," is a web browser ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "})," and mobile app that allows you to manage your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," private keys. By doing so, it serves as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," for Ether and other tokens, and allows you to interact with decentralized applications, or dapps. Unlike some wallets, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," keeps no information on you: not your email address, not your password, and not your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," or other private keys. You retain all power over your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"identity."]})},"MetaMask Flask":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," is a distribution of the software designed for developers. It's like a laboratory (hence the name) where the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," team can try out new ideas and features. It has experimental, even dangerous functionality in it that is not meant for everyday use. It also doesn't have the same stability guarantees that the production distribution of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," has. What is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "}),", and how is it different from normal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"?"]})},"MetaMask Institutional":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Institutional is an institution-compliant version of the world’s leading web3 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),", ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),". Organizations trust us to manage their web3 access and engagement with institution-required security, operational efficiency, and compliance. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Institutional"]})},"MetaMask Learn":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Learn is a free-to-use educational platform available in 10 languages for anyone interested in learning about web3. Through engaging lessons and interactive simulations, it helps you understand what web3 is, why it matters, and how to get started. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Learn"]})},"MetaMask SDK":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," SDK (Software Development Kit) is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/library",children:"library "})," that can be installed by developers in their projects. It will automatically guide their users to connect easily with a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wallet",children:"Wallet "})," client. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," SDK"]})},"MetaMask Snaps":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The first big feature shipped through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," has been ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Snaps. Snaps is a whole topic in and of itself, but think of it like this: Snaps allows developers to bring any kind of functionality they want to the application. Given how broad that is, and the potential security implications, snaps can only be used in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Flask",children:"Flask "})," at the moment; however, the plan is to allow users to customize their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," experience through this functionality."]})},MetaMetrics:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMetrics",children:"MetaMetrics "})," is an opt-in analytics platform that aims to collect information on non-sensitive user events to help us improve the software for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," users. How to manage your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMetrics",children:"MetaMetrics "})," settings"]})},metaverse:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metaverse",children:"metaverse "})," is a digital universe that contains all the aspects of the real world, such as real-time interactions and economies. It offers a unique experience to end-users. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Metaverse",children:"Metaverse "})]})},"miner tip":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/miner%20tip",children:"miner tip "})," is the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Maximum%20Priority%20Fee",children:"Maximum Priority Fee "})," that incentivizes the miner to prioritize a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Learn the basics of blockchains and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," (miners and validators, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "}),", cryptocurrencies and NFTs, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20explorer",children:"block explorer "}),", networks, etc.)"]})},mining:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The process by which blocks or transactions are verified and added to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," using a Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism. In order to verify a block, a miner must use a computer to solve a cryptographic problem. Once the computer has solved the problem, the block is considered “mined” or verified. On Bitcoin or other PoW blockchains, the first computer to mine or verify the block receives bitcoin, or the equivalent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),", as a reward."]})},Mint:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Minting refers to the act of publishing a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," to make it transferrable and purchasable."]})},"mnemonic phrase":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["This is an alternative way of referring to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),", also known as a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),"': a series of words that correspond to a very long cryptographic key, used to generate and control all the addresses of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "}),"."]})},MobiKwik:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MobiKwik",children:"MobiKwik "})," is an Indian payment service provider founded in 2009 that provides a mobile phone-based payment system and digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"."]})},"modular blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Bitcoin is an example of a monolithic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),": all of the functions of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", execution, data availability, and settlement) are run on one chain. This has significant drawbacks (see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma' for more). A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),", on the other hand, separates some or all of these functions into separate chains, each one optimized for its specific function, and relying on the other chains for the other functions. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," is currently moving towards modularization, both on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," level beginning with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "}),", which split ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," and execution into two chains, and at the level of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"' networks which provide optimized execution environments, and then 'roll up' their data to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," functionality."]})},MoonPay:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MoonPay",children:"MoonPay "})," is a financial technology company that builds payments infrastructure for crypto. Its on-and-off-ramp suite of products provides a seamless experience for converting between fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies using all major payment methods, including debit and credit cards, local bank transfers, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Apple%20Pay",children:"Apple Pay "}),", Google Pay, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Samsung%20Pay",children:"Samsung Pay "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MoonPay",children:"MoonPay "})," is active in more than 160 countries and is trusted by 300+ leading wallets, websites, and applications to accept payments and defeat fraud. The company is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2019."]})},"multi-sig":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["multi-signature ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," (multisig) A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"asset ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," before they are able to access the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"multi-signature wallet (multisig)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"asset ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," which requires multiple keys in order to access and transact. Typically, a specified number of individuals are required to approve or “sign” a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," before they are able to access the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". This is different from most wallets, which only require one signature to approve a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"Multifactor Authentication":{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Authentication using two or more different factors to achieve authentication."})},"Near-Field Communication (NFC)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC offers a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/low",children:"low "}),"-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more capable wireless connections.."]})},"Nested Blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nested%20blockchain",children:"nested blockchain "})," is essentially a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," within — or, rather, atop — another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "}),"'"]})},Network:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," refers to all nodes in the operation of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," at any given moment in time."]})},"Network Congestion":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The reduced quality of service that occurs when a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. Congestion"]})},NFT:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["When discussing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), “fungibility” refers to an object’s ability to be exchanged for another. For example, an individual dollar is considered fungible, as one dollar is fully interchangeable with another. Artwork is usually deemed non-fungible, as paintings or sculptures are likely to be unequal between them in quality, value, or other attributes. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/non-fungible%20token",children:"non-fungible token "})," is a type of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," that is a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," and has no equal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),". This is in contrast to cryptocurrencies like ether that are fungible in nature."]})},"NFT aggregator":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the initial wave of interest in buying and selling NFTs, a number of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," marketplaces--websites where you can buy and sell NFTs--were created. As the market matured, aggregators appeared, which offer the user the ability to view available stock and price, buy and sell across marketplaces from a single unified application. Similar to familiar web2 shopping portals, these have come to be known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," Marketplace Aggregators, or just ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," Aggregators."]})},"NFT drop":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," drop happens when a new ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," collection is released. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," drops can vary in both how the NFTs are sold (listed for sale or auction), and in who they’re released to (the public, or a specific list called an “allowlist”). Often, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," drops coincide with when the NFTs in the collection are minted, that is, written to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". You might hear these terms used interchangeably— a drop might be referred to as the project’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mint",children:"mint "}),"."]})},Ngrave:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "}),"."]})},node:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Public blockchains consist of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of computers which sync the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"'s data, coordinate ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," requests, and participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," regarding the validity of those transactions; each one of these computers is called a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "}),"'. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/full%20node",children:"full node "})," is a computer that can fully validate transactions and download the entire data of a specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In contrast, a “lightweight” or “light” ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," does not download all pieces of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"’s data, and uses a different validation process."]})},"Non-fungible token":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})]})},nonce:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The word ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nonce",children:"nonce "}),"’ has a few different meanings, and in different contexts, it ends up getting used a lot of different ways. Originally formed from a contraction of a phrase meaning “not more than once”, on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),", “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nonce",children:"nonce "}),"” refers to a unique ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," identification number that increases in value with each successive ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," in order to ensure various safety features (such as preventing a double-spend). Note that due to its broader use in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "}),", you may encounter ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/nonce",children:"nonce "}),"’ being used differently on other sidechains or decentralized projects."]})},"off-chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," that is processed outside the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," with an increased speed and reduced cost. There are two different transactions that occur on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/On-chain",children:"On-chain "})," transactions are those reflected on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," and are visible to all the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," users. On the other hand, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," transactions occur outside the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Such a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," doesn’t need the services of miners because no ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," verification is conducted. Unlike ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," transactions, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," transactions can be made instantly. This method entails lower fees, happens instantly, and offers more anonymity."]})},"ommer block":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Under the Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, miners received rewards for being the first to mine a new block. However, at times a block would be mined just after, and in competition with, the last block. This block, known as an ommer and previously as an uncle, could get rolled into subsequent blocks and the miner of the original ommer would get a partial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/block%20reward",children:"block reward "}),". All of this functionality was deprecated as of the launch of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "}),"."]})},"on-chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/On-chain",children:"On-chain "}),", as the name implies, refers to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," transactions that exist on and have been verified to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," by miners or validators. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/On-Chain",children:"On-Chain "})," also means that transactions have been recorded to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})]})},"on-ramp, off-ramp":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Based on a metaphor from the American highway system, 'on-ramp' refers to a tool, or a service provider, or the action, of converting ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "})," into tokens on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". Conversely, 'off-ramp' refers to exchanging ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/on-chain",children:"on-chain "})," assets for their value in a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "}),". There are many providers of such services, and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," users have access to them through the 'Buy Crypto' feature."]})},OpenSea:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/OpenSea",children:"OpenSea "})," is the world's first and largest web3 marketplace for NFTs and crypto collectibles."]})},Opera:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Internet browser."})},Optimism:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "})," is a layer-2 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", which is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"-based platform for decentralized applications. It is designed to reduce the cost and increase the speed of transactions on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "})," works by using a technique called optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", which allows it to process a large number of transactions ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "}),", while still maintaining the security and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". In optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", transactions are initially processed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "}),", and a summary of these transactions is then submitted to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," for verification. This verification process ensures that the transactions are valid and that no fraud has occurred. Once the transactions are verified, they are added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", allowing users to interact with the decentralized applications built on the platform."]})},"optimistic rollup":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A rollup that assumes the validity and good faith of transactions, and only runs a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fraud%20proof",children:"fraud proof "})," in the case of fraud being alleged. See also 'rollup'."]})},Oracle:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Typically, an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/oracle",children:"oracle "})," is any entity or person that is relied on to report the outcome of an event. In a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/oracle",children:"oracle "})," (human or machine) helps communicate data to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),", which can then be used to verify an event or specific outcome."]})},ParaSwap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ParaSwap",children:"ParaSwap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/aggregator",children:"aggregator "})," that optimizes swaps for users through better prices, limited ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees, and lower ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slippage",children:"slippage "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ParaSwap",children:"ParaSwap "})," sources their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," from major DEXes such as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "}),", Balancer, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Curve",children:"Curve "}),", Kyber, in addition to ParaSwapPool, their professional Market Maker ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},parity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In a general sense, to say that something 'has ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/parity",children:"parity "}),"' with another thing means 'equal in features or other important quality', and is a phrase often used by software developers and computer scientists."]})},Parity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Parity",children:"Parity "})," Technologies is the name of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology company that is developing a number of significant projects in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," space. One of its first projects was an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," client, known as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Parity",children:"Parity "}),"; its name was changed to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Parity",children:"Parity "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", and then was spun out as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DAO",children:"DAO "}),"-owned and operated project called Open ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", which has also been deprecated. See also 'client'."]})},Passphrase:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"'"]})},"password manager":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/password%20manager",children:"password manager "})," is a tool or software that stores all sorts of passwords needed for online applications and services. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Password%20manager",children:"Password manager "})]})},PayPal:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/PayPal",children:"PayPal "})," is a multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries."]})},"peer-to-peer (P2P)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["P2P refers to interactions that happen directly between two parties, usually two separate individuals, and have been present in Internet technology in different ways for some time. These interactions are often coordinated through some sort of app or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", which can consist of any number of individuals. Public blockchains can be considered to have a high degree of P2P functionality, as individuals are able to transact or interact with each other without relying on an intermediary or single point of failure."]})},"permissioned ledger":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," in which access to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," requires permission from an individual or group of individuals, as opposed to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),". Permissioned ledgers may have one or many owners. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Consensus",children:"Consensus "})," on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/permissioned%20ledger",children:"permissioned ledger "})," is conducted by the trusted actors, such as government departments, banks, or other known entities. Permissioned blockchains or ledgers contain highly-verifiable data sets because the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," process creates a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20signature",children:"digital signature "}),", which can be seen by all parties. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/permissioned%20ledger",children:"permissioned ledger "})," is much easier to maintain and considerably faster than a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),". For example, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hyperledger",children:"Hyperledger "})," Besu are permissioned ledgers that can be more easily set up for large enterprises. In contrast, the public ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," is a permissionless ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," which anyone can access."]})},"phishing (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Phishing is a form of social engineering where attackers deceive people into revealing sensitive information or installing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/malware",children:"malware "})," such as ransomware."]})},Plasma:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Plasma",children:"Plasma "}),"' is a term that is used to refer to one of the solutions being built and deployed in order to securely scale the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Plasma",children:"Plasma "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," functions similarly to an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/optimistic%20rollup",children:"optimistic rollup "}),", inasmuch as it relies on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," to maintain the record of transactions, and as the source for arbitration or fraud resolution. However, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Plasma",children:"Plasma "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," differs in other important technical ways from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", and is currently limited to simple operations, such as swaps and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," transfers. More technical information is available here."]})},"PoA, PoS, PoW":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronyms standing for Proof of X ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms: Authority, Stake, Work. The “o” is lowercase since you wouldn’t capitalize “of” when writing out the phrase. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),"', 'Proof of Authority', 'Proof of Stake', 'Proof of Work'."]})},Polygon:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "})," (formerly Matic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "}),") is a layer-2 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solution for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," that aims to address the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," issues of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It is designed to provide faster and cheaper transactions with the same level of security and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "})," as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "})," achieves this by creating a multi-chain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," that is built on top of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "})," consists of various interconnected sidechains that can process transactions independently of the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". These sidechains are called '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Polygon",children:"Polygon "})," chains' or 'commit chains'."]})},Portfolio:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Portfolio",children:"Portfolio "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Dapp",children:"Dapp "})," enables you to view all your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," accounts and their assets in one place. It aggregates values from across your accounts and shows your total holdings, making it easier than ever to get an at-a-glance summary of their value in your chosen currency. Getting started with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Portfolio",children:"Portfolio "})]})},"PoS/PoW Hybrid":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A hybrid ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," model that utilizes a combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of Work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". Using this Hybrid ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, blocks are validated from not only miners, but also voters (stakeholders) to form a balanced ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/governance",children:"governance "}),"."]})},"Priority fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/priority%20fee",children:"priority fee "}),", also referred to as the '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/miner%20tip",children:"miner tip "}),"', incentivizes the miner to prioritize your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),". Naturally, whether this does actually go to a miner depends on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism they use: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," became a Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," following the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Merge",children:"Merge "})," in September 2022, so the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/priority%20fee",children:"priority fee "})," goes to validators instead of miners."]})},"private blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/distributed%20ledger",children:"distributed ledger "})," that has a closed ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," wherein participants are controlled by a single entity. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20blockchain",children:"private blockchain "})," requires a verification process for new participants. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20blockchain",children:"private blockchain "})," may also limit which individuals are able to participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/permissioned%20ledger",children:"permissioned ledger "}),"'."]})},"private currency":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A currency or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," issued by a private individual or firm. Typically, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," or currency is limited to use within the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," of that particular firm or individual. This is not to be confused with a “privacy ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),"”, which are cryptocurrencies with specific privacy features, such as hidden user identities."]})},"private key":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," is an alphanumeric string of data that, in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", corresponds to a single specific ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),". Private keys can be thought of as a password that enables an individual to control a specific crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),". Never reveal your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," to anyone, as whoever controls the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," controls the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," funds. If you lose your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", then you lose access to, and control over, that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),"."]})},"Proof of Authority (PoA)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism used in private blockchains, granting a single ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," the authority to generate all of the blocks or validate transactions."]})},"Proof of Stake (PoS)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism in which an individual ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "}),", or “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "}),"”, validates transactions or blocks. Validators lock up a certain amount of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),", such as ether, into a ‘stake’, in order to be able to participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". If the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," validates a block (group of transactions) correctly, then the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," receives a reward. Conversely, if the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," behaves poorly by validating incorrect transactions or by not maintaining sufficient ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," connectivity, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," they staked can be ‘slashed’, or taken from them and put out of circulation (‘burned’). PoS requires a negligible amount of computing power compared to Proof of Work ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),"."]})},"Proof of Work (PoW)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism in which each block is ‘mined’ by one of the nodes, or a group of nodes, on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". The computational process involved in committing a series of transactions into a block on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", known as ‘hashing a block’, is technically quite simple, and therefore subject to attack. Under PoW, each miner must solve a math problem to find a set, difficult variable in order to be able to propose their block to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," as the next to be ‘mined’. In effect, the process of hashing each block becomes a competition. This addition of solving for a target increases the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/difficulty",children:"difficulty "})," of successfully hashing each block, and consequently the security of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". For each hashed block, the overall process of hashing will have taken some time and computational effort. Thus, a hashed block is considered Proof of Work, and the miner that successfully hashes the block first receives a reward, in the form of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "}),". PoW is singificantly more energy-intensive than other ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanisms, such as Proof of Stake."]})},protocol:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Formally speaking, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"' is a set of rules governing how a process is carried out. This concept is used throughout ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks and web3 to refer to the way smart contracts execute their functionality in the same way regardless of the user. The products or services built on top of smart contracts are often referred to as 'protocols' by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/extension",children:"extension "}),"."]})},"public blockchain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A globally open ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," wherein anyone can participate in transactions, participate in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," to help determine which blocks get added to the chain, maintain and examine the contents of the chain."]})},"public key":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Public%20blockchain",children:"Public blockchain "})," networks are just that: public. Their data is accessible and readable by anyone. In order to have any degree of usability when it comes to allowing users to do some things, like send transactions, but not others, like steal other peoples' tokens, cryptographic technology is used. In particular, a design paradigm known as 'public/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," pairs' is employed to ensure users can interact with others on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," as they wish, while keeping their own ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," secure. These key pairs consist of two long strings of alphanumeric characters. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," can be derived mathematically from its corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),", but the inverse is not true: it is mathematically impossible to derive a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," from its corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),". This allows, for example, users to have a public ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," address that anyone can use to send them tokens, with the peace of mind that as long as they properly keep the corresponding ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," safe, those tokens cannot be stolen. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"'."]})},"Public-Key Cryptography":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),"',see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Cryptography",children:"Cryptography "}),"', see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"'. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Public-Key%20Cryptography",children:"Public-Key Cryptography "})]})},"Public-Key Infrastructure":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," infrastructure (PKI) is a collection of roles, rules, hardware, software, and processes for creating, managing, distributing, using, storing, and revoking digital certificates. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Public-Key%20Infrastructure",children:"Public-Key Infrastructure "})]})},"QR code":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "})," is a type of matrix barcode, constituting a machine-readable optical label that can contain information about the item to which it is attached."]})},Quorum:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})," enables enterprises to leverage ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for their high-value ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," applications. Businesses can rely on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})," open-source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," layer and integrate on top of it product modules from ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ConsenSys",children:"ConsenSys "}),", other companies, or your own in-house development team to build high-performance, customizable applications. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Quorum",children:"Quorum "})]})},Rarible:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/NFT",children:"NFT "})," marketplace."]})},relayer:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "})," is an intermediary that facilitates the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," or transfer of information, assets, or services between two or more parties. The term is used in various fields, including finance, communication, and technology. In the context of cryptocurrencies and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "})," typically refers to an intermediary that facilitates peer-to-peer transactions on a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". This can include decentralized exchanges (DEXs), where relayers act as matching engines to connect buyers and sellers of digital assets. A few examples of popular relayers include 0x: 0x is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," that enables the creation of relayers on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". These relayers can be built by anyone and allow for peer-to-peer trading of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 tokens. Kyber ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "}),": Kyber ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Network",children:"Network "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that also operates as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "}),". It enables users to trade a wide range of digital assets, including ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 tokens, without the need for a centralized intermediary. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "})," is a popular decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that operates as a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "}),". It uses an automated market maker (AMM) system to enable peer-to-peer trading of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20 tokens. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirSwap",children:"AirSwap "}),": ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/AirSwap",children:"AirSwap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that operates as a peer-to-peer ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/relayer",children:"relayer "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". It uses an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "})," order book to match buyers and sellers and execute trades."]})},"Remote Procedure Call (RPC)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),", which is its full name; see ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),"’ for further details."]})},Rinkeby:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; Following the transition to Proof of Stake, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rinkeby",children:"Rinkeby "})," scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023."]})},Roadmap:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A planning technique which lays out the short and long term goals of a particular project within a flexible estimated timeline."})},"Rocket Pool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rocket%20Pool",children:"Rocket Pool "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," staking pool."]})},rollups:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rollups",children:"Rollups "})," (pronounced 'roll ups') are one element in the set of tools and infrastructure being built as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," solutions for the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". They consist, in general, of networks which prioritize their ability to compute transactions and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," functionality, and then 'roll up' those transactions to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "})," for secure verification of their validity. There are different ways of approaching this problem from a technical point of view, namely Zero Knowledge, or ZK, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", and Optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Arbitrum",children:"Arbitrum "})," and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Optimism",children:"Optimism "})," are prominent examples. See the entries on both of these types of rollup for more, and more in-depth discussion here."]})},Ropsten:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated."]})},RPC:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The Remote Procedure Call is a technology that is used to transfer data between endpoints. You may often see it referred to as ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),", which is its full name; see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/JSON-RPC",children:"JSON-RPC "}),"' for further details."]})},"rug pull":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Similar to the traditional financial scam of a pyramid scheme, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rug%20pull",children:"rug pull "}),"' is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," based scam in which the creators of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," create hype, through injecting ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," into their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "}),", airdropping, and other schemes, and once investors pile in and boost the price of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," up to a certain point, the creators liquidate their (generally majority) share of the tokens, leaving their investors with next to nothing."]})},Safeheron:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Safeheron",children:"Safeheron "})," is an open-source platform for managing digital assets."]})},"Samsung Pay":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Samsung%20Pay",children:"Samsung Pay "})," is a mobile payment and digital ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," service that lets users make payments using compatible phones and other Samsung-produced devices."]})},sandbox:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"A testing environment in a computer system in which new or untested software or coding can be run securely."})},Sardine:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Sardine",children:"Sardine "})," is an instant fiat and crypto settlement platform."]})},"Satoshi Nakamoto":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A pseudonymous individual or entity who created the Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", solving the digital currency issue of the “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/double%20spend",children:"double spend "}),".” Nakamoto first published their white paper describing the project in 2008, and the first Bitcoin software was released one year later."]})},scalability:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A change in size or scale to handle a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s demands. This word is used to refer to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," project’s ability to handle ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," traffic, future growth, and capacity in its intended application."]})},Scaling:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The main goal of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scalability",children:"scalability "})," is to increase ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," speed (faster finality), and ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput (high transactions per second), without sacrificing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralization",children:"decentralization "})," or security."]})},Scrypt:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An alternative proof-of-work (PoW) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/algorithm",children:"algorithm "})," to SHA-256, used in Bitcoin ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Scrypt",children:"Scrypt "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mining",children:"mining "})," relies more heavily on memory than on pure CPU power, aiming to reduce the advantage that ASICs. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Scrypt",children:"Scrypt "})]})},"Secret Recovery Phrase":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),", mnemonic, or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," is a crucial part of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," technology, originally created for Bitcoin, and goes by many names. However, they all refer to a set of ordered words which correspond to determined values. These values never change, and therefore the same string of words in the same order will always produce the same number–this is the underlying functionality that allows seed phrases to back up wallets. This is also where the name ‘hierarchical deterministic wallets’ comes from, as all the accounts in a given ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," are deterministically created from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "}),", and they are hierarchically controlled by it. A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})," is exactly what it sounds like: something that is secret, and should be known only to the owner of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),". If the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/seed%20phrase",children:"seed phrase "})," is given to someone else, that person has complete control over the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),"; they can drain it of tokens and funds, execute transactions with it, etc. What is a ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),"’ and how to keep your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto%20wallet",children:"crypto wallet "})," secure"]})},"Security Token":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," is essentially a digital form of traditional securities. There are three primary types of traditional securities: equities, debt and a hybrid of debt and equity. Examples of securities include stocks, bonds, ETFs, options and futures. Hypothetically, any of these things can be tokenized to become a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "}),". It is possible that in the near future, security tokens could serve as a very viable alternative and competitor to stocks and other traditional securities. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Security%20Token",children:"Security Token "})]})},"Security Token Offering (STO)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," offering (STO) is a form of initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "})," offering (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ICO",children:"ICO "}),") where a company or organization issues a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," that is backed by a tangible asset, such as real estate, technology or other assets. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/security%20token",children:"security token "})," represents the right to ownership of the underlying asset, with the tokens being tradeable on a compliant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20asset",children:"digital asset "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),". ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Security%20Token",children:"Security Token "})," Offering"]})},"seed phrase":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Another term for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "})]})},"self-custody (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Self-custodial' refers to the fact that it's you ('self') who holds your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),"(s). A self-custodial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," eliminates the third party between you and your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/crypto-",children:"crypto- "}),"assets, which is more suitable for some people."]})},"self-executing":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/self-executing",children:"self-executing "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),": a computer program that automatically executes the terms of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "})," when certain conditions are met."]})},Sepolia:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Sepolia",children:"Sepolia "})," is a test networks. It is primarily used for development on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," (testing out applications and smart contracts, etc). ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," on these testnets is a dummy balance and cannot be withdrawn or sent to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})]})},Serenity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is working on a series of technical upgrades that will allow massive increases in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput, amongst other things. The plan that outlined these changes was originally referred to as '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Serenity",children:"Serenity "}),"', although that name has become less popular, in favor of specific definitions of the upgrades themselves."]})},serialization:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The process of converting a data structure into a sequence of bytes. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," internally uses an encoding format called recursive-length prefix encoding (RLP)."]})},"Shard chain":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A proof-of-stake chain that is coordinated by the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Beacon%20Chain",children:"Beacon Chain "})," and secured by validators. There will be 64 added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," as part of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/shard%20chain",children:"shard chain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "}),". Shard chains will offer increased ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," by providing additional data to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," solutions like optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "})," and ZK-",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),"."]})},"sharding (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Sharding, in public blockchains, refers to splitting an entire ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," into multiple portions, called “shards.” Each shard would contain its own independent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),", meaning a unique set of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," balances and smart contracts. Sharding is currently being investigated and developed as one of the set of tools and solutions for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"."]})},"Shielded Transaction":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/shielded%20transaction",children:"shielded transaction "})," is essentially a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," that is between two shielded addresses. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Shielded%20Transaction",children:"Shielded Transaction "})]})},sidechain:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "}),"’ refers to a chain that is connected to another (most often, to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),") through a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "}),", allowing assets to be transferred between them. In contrast to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Layer%202",children:"Layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," or a rollup, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "})," is a full ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," in and of itself, and does not rely on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". It therefore must be evaluated independently in terms of its security, stability, and other features. See also “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," trilemma”, “",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/modular%20blockchain",children:"modular blockchain "}),"”. Note: Bridges exist for good reason; sending tokens from a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/sidechain",children:"sidechain "})," to ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," or vice versa would result in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," loss."]})},"Signature (Cryptographic)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Digital%20signature",children:"Digital signature "}),"'"]})},"slashing condition":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Under a Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slashing%20condition",children:"slashing condition "})," is one that causes the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "}),"'s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," to be destroyed when they trigger it. See also 'Proof of Stake'."]})},slippage:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Slippage",children:"Slippage "})," is the expected percentage difference between a quoted and an executed price."]})},slot:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),", a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slot",children:"slot "}),"' is a period of time equivalent to 12 seconds; 32 slots make up an '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/epoch",children:"epoch "}),"'. Slots are significant in that for each ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/slot",children:"slot "}),", a different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/node",children:"node "})," is randomly chosen to propose blocks to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", and a different committee of validators are chosen to vote on whether each block is valid"]})},"smart contract":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Smart contracts are programs that have been published on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "}),", and can be used by anyone. While they often contain agreements or sets of actions between parties that emulate a traditional legal ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),", they are not, in and of themselves, legal documents. Smart contracts are automated actions that can be coded and executed once a set of conditions is met, and are the dominant form of programming on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine."]})},snap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A program or piece of code that extends the functionality of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," by using the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Snaps framework."]})},"soft fork":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A change to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," resulting in only previously valid blocks and transactions being made invalid. Since old nodes will recognize the new blocks as valid, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/soft%20fork",children:"soft fork "})," is backward-compatible. However, this can result in a potential divide in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", as the old software generates blocks that read as invalid according to the new rules. Contrast with '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hard%20fork",children:"hard fork "}),"'; for more basic information regarding forks, see '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fork",children:"fork "}),"'."]})},"Software Development Kit (SDK)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A software development kit is a collection of software development tools in one installable package. They facilitate the creation of applications by having a compiler, debugger and sometimes a software framework. See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," SDK'"]})},Solidity:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The programming language developers use to write smart contracts on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". See also ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"’. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Solidity",children:"Solidity "})]})},stablecoin:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," whose value has been ‘pegged’ to that of something considered a ‘stable’ asset, like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/fiat%20currency",children:"fiat currency "})," or gold. It theoretically remains stable in price, as it is measured against a known amount of an asset which should be less subject to fluctuation. Always spelled as one word. User Guide: Tokens"]})},"staking (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["On the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", those wishing to participate in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," must first lock up, or ‘stake’, 32 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," into a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "}),"; this ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," may be ‘slashed’ (taken from them and ‘burned’, put out of circulation) in the event that their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," behaves maliciously or does not meet performance requirements. Similar Proof of Stake mechanisms are in operation on other networks, as well. Although this is the canonical meaning of the word, similar actions taken at the level of a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/DEX",children:"DEX "}),") or another ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/dapp",children:"dapp "})," are often called ‘staking’, though it would probably be more accurate and descriptive to just call this ‘locking up tokens’."]})},state:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The set of data that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," strictly needs to keep track of, and that represents data currently relevant to applications on the chain."]})},"state channels":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/State",children:"State "})," channels are part of the set of tools and platforms involved in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),". While a complex topic, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "})," channels are essentially methods through which the current '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/state",children:"state "}),"' of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," can be exported, and then based on that, any given number of transactions can take place ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/off-chain",children:"off-chain "}),", and then be moved back onto the main ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," chain."]})},Streaming:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Money ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/streaming",children:"streaming "})," represents the idea of continuous payments over time. Block numbers are used to measure time in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and continuously update the balances of the parties in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/contract",children:"contract "}),"."]})},"swap (noun)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As the number of different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap. Within ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", users have access to a powerful ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/aggregator",children:"aggregator "})," showing them information about swaps across the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),", this is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," Swaps: User Guide Swaps"]})},"Swap /MetaSwap":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["As the number of different ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," projects and tokens has proliferated, the system by which users ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," for another has come to be known as swapping, and the individual action, a swap."]})},szabo:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A denomination of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "}),". See also 'ether (denominations)'."]})},"testnet (test network)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A testnet is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that mirrors, as closely as possible, the current conditions of a corresponding ‘main’ ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". Testnets are used by developers to verify that their smart contracts and other functionality work as intended, before permanently recording their code to a live ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," (and often spending significant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," fees in the process!). Tokens minted on testnets are not transferrable for their equivalent value on mainnets."]})},"Testnet Kovan":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; website here."]})},"Testnet Rinkeby":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that uses Proof of Authority ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", available through ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),"; ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/faucet",children:"faucet "})," here. Following the transition to Proof of Stake, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Rinkeby",children:"Rinkeby "})," scheduled its deprecation for the end of 2023."]})},"Testnet Ropsten":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," testnet that used Proof of Work, and, following the transition to Proof of Stake, was deprecated."]})},token:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," represents an asset issued on an existing ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"; the transfer of tokens and the addresses that currently hold them are the subject of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"’s ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," activities. There are many types of tokens; see also ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20’ and ‘",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721’ entries."]})},"token lockup":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," lock-up refers to a mechanism where certain tokens or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," holdings are locked up or frozen for a specified period of time to restrict their transfer or sale. This is often used in the context of initial ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/coin",children:"coin "})," offerings (ICOs), where ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," issuers may require investors to commit to holding onto their tokens for a certain period, typically to ensure that investors are committed to the project's long-term success. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Token",children:"Token "})," lock-up periods can vary in duration and can be predetermined or set according to certain conditions, such as reaching a certain milestone, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," event or ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "}),". During the lock-up period, the tokens cannot be transferred or sold, although in some cases, they may be staked or used to participate in certain ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," activities. Once the lock-up period is over, the tokens can be freely traded or sold."]})},"Token standard":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["See ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-20, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-721, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ERC",children:"ERC "}),"-1155, etc."]})},"Total Value Locked (TVL)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Total Value Locked, or TVL, is a common expression used in many contexts across the crypto ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ecosystem",children:"ecosystem "}),", so it's important to pay attention to the specifics. In general, it refers to how much value, in tokens, has been deposited into something. Most often, it refers to a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", which is an application on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),", or a set of protocols. For example, a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," trading platform might have a series of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/liquidity",children:"liquidity "})," pools, which are protocols enabling swaps between tokens, and the platform may quote the 'TVL' for all the pools combined. Alternatively, if a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," uses proof of stake for their ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," mechanism, they may represent the TVL of all the tokens staked into that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),"."]})},Transaction:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Data committed to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "})," signed by an originating ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),", targeting a specific address. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," contains ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/metadata",children:"metadata "})," such as the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/gas",children:"gas "})," limit for that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "}),"."]})},"transaction block":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A collection of transactions on a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", gathered into a set or a block that can then be hashed and added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". See 'hash'."]})},"transaction fee":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A small fee imposed on transactions sent across a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),". These fees are used to pay ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," validators or miners for their participation in ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),", and thus ensure that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," is self-sustaining."]})},"transaction ID":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," hash/ID (often abbreviated as tx hash or txn hash) is a unique identifier, similar to a receipt, that serves as proof that a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," was validated and added to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". In many cases, a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," hash is needed in order to locate funds."]})},"transaction pool":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["When a user submits a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"--or many other networks based on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"--the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," goes into what's know as a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool', or 'txpool' for short. This is essentially a queue of transactions that are waiting to be added to a block and recorded to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),". There are mechanisms that determine which transactions are 'picked up' and included in the next block, and there is currently a lot of research surrounding how this decision gets made (see 'MEV'). In Bitcoin, the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," pool was referred to as the 'memory pool', or 'mempool', and often these terms are used interchangeably."]})},Transak:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transak",children:"Transak "})," is a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/developer",children:"developer "})," integration toolkit to let users buy/sell crypto in any app, website or web plugin."]})},Trezor:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Hardware%20wallet",children:"Hardware wallet "}),"."]})},Truffle:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," Suite is a development environment based on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Blockchain",children:"Blockchain "}),", used to develop dapps. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," is a one-stop solution for building dapps: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/compiling",children:"compiling "})," contracts, deploying contracts, injecting it into a web app, creating front-end for dapps and testing. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Truffle",children:"Truffle "})," Suite"]})},trustless:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Trustless",children:"Trustless "}),"' is a term that gets used a lot in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),", and it deserves some explanation. Traditionally, to call something '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/trustless",children:"trustless "}),"' would sound like a negative thing. In the context of decentralized technology, it has a more technical meaning: since everyone has a copy of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ledger",children:"ledger "})," of all transactions ever executed, there is no need for a centralized entity that 'must be trusted' as the source of truth. With ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20blockchain",children:"public blockchain "})," networks, data isn't kept on some centralized server somewhere that could be hacked or changed arbitrarily; anyone can verify the transactions themselves. This is why the term '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/trustless",children:"trustless "}),"' was coined: there is no need for trust, although, in a way, the rules and assurances built into the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," provide the basis for greater trust between people, because the system is guaranteed to work the same for everyone."]})},"Turing-complete":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Any machine that can calculate on a level equal to a programmable computer is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Turing-complete",children:"Turing-complete "}),", or computationally universal. The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," Virtual Machine, which processes smart contracts and transactions, is ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Turing-complete",children:"Turing-complete "}),", despite not existing on a single physical computer."]})},"Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Two-factor authentication (2FA) is an identity and access management security method that requires two forms of identification to access resources and data. 2FA gives businesses the ability to monitor and help safeguard their most vulnerable information and networks.See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/U2F",children:"U2F "}),"' When 2FA"]})},TXID:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transaction",children:"Transaction "})," ID"]})},U2F:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Universal 2nd Factor (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/U2F",children:"U2F "}),") is an open standard that strengthens and simplifies two-factor authentication (2FA) using specialized Universal Serial Bus (USB) or near-field communication (NFC) devices based on similar security technology found in smart cards"]})},Uniswap:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Uniswap",children:"Uniswap "})," is a decentralized ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptocurrency",children:"cryptocurrency "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "})," that uses a set of smart contracts to execute trades on its ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/exchange",children:"exchange "}),"."]})},"unspent transaction output (UTXO)":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["An unspent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," output (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/UTXO",children:"UTXO "}),") represents some amount of digital currency which has been authorized by one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," to be spent by another. UTXOs use ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/cryptography",children:"cryptography "})," to identify and transfer ownership between holders of public/",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "})," pairs. UTXOs are formatted with the recipient's ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "}),", thus restricting the ability to spend that ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/UTXO",children:"UTXO "})," to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "})," that can prove ownership of the associated ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/private%20key",children:"private key "}),". The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/UTXO",children:"UTXO "})," can only be spent if it includes the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/digital%20signature",children:"digital signature "})," associated with the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/public%20key",children:"public key "})," attached the last time it was sent."]})},upgrade:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Upgrading is the process of replacing a product with a newer version of the same product. In computing and consumer electronics, an ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/upgrade",children:"upgrade "})," is generally a replacement of hardware, software, or firmware with a newer or better version, in order to bring the system up to date or to improve its characteristics. See also EIP-1159, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/merge",children:"merge "}),", and other important ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," upgrades"]})},UTXO:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Acronym; Unspent ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Transaction",children:"Transaction "})," Output."]})},validator:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A participant in Proof of Stake (PoS) ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/consensus",children:"consensus "}),". On ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"’s Proof of Stake ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", validators need to stake 32 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/ETH",children:"ETH "})," in order to get included in the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/validator",children:"validator "})," set. See also ‘staking’."]})},"validity proof":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The proof submitted along with certain types of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "})," to prove that the transactions are valid. See also '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),"'."]})},Validium:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["One of the technologies developed for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," of the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"; see more here."]})},"Vault Decryptor":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Vault%20Decryptor",children:"Vault Decryptor "})," is a tool used in recovering the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),". This tool was written by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "})," co-founder Dan Finlay and can be accessed here: ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Vault%20Decryptor",children:"Vault Decryptor "})]})},Vesting:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In the context of '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/vesting",children:"vesting "})," period': The act of restricting the sale of a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," for a particular period of time. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Vesting",children:"Vesting "})," period"]})},wallet:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["In ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "}),"-based ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology, a '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"' is a something that allows you to manage private keys, your ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Secret%20Recovery%20Phrase",children:"Secret Recovery Phrase "}),", and the accounts generated from it. This could be an internet-connected '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hot%20wallet",children:"hot wallet "}),"', like ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/MetaMask",children:"MetaMask "}),", or an 'airgapped' ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/hardware%20wallet",children:"hardware wallet "}),". In more technical speak, you could say 'the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "})," is the client, not the keys.' It is very common for people to use the word '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wallet",children:"wallet "}),"' to refer to their SRP itself, or the accounts generated from it, or even to one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/account",children:"account "}),"."]})},WalletConnect:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/WalletConnect",children:"WalletConnect "})," is an open source ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "})," for connecting decentralised applications to mobile wallets with ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/QR%20code",children:"QR code "})," scanning or deep linking."]})},"web3, Web 3.0":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Web3, or Web 3.0, are terms used synonymously with “the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),"” and are often used to refer, broadly, to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," and decentralized technology ecosystems and communities as a whole."]})},WebHID:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/WebHID",children:"WebHID "})," (Human Interface Device) Enables web applications to interact with human interface devices (HIDs) other than the standard supported devices (mice, keyboards, touchscreens, and gamepads). However, there are many other HID devices that are currently inaccessible to the web"]})},WebSocket:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/WebSocket",children:"WebSocket "})," is a computer communications ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/protocol",children:"protocol "}),", providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. It's often used by dapps to regularly fetch up-to-date information from the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "}),"."]})},Wei:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wei",children:"Wei "})," is the smallest denomination of ether, the currency used to facilitate transactional operations on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),", where 10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/wei",children:"wei "})," is equivalent to one ether."]})},Whitepaper:{definition:n.jsx(n.Fragment,{children:"Whitepapers explain the purpose and technology behind a project."})},Wrapping:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wrapping",children:"Wrapping "})," a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," is a way of bringing a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," from one ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," to another, like wrapped Bitcoin or MATIC tokens on ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Mainnet",children:"Mainnet "}),". User Guide: Tokens"]})},Wyre:{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wyre",children:"Wyre "})," is a regulated Money Service Business (MSB), which means it is a financial services provider licensed to transmit and convert money. The company is almost a decade old, having been around since 2013. ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wyre",children:"Wyre "})," provides what the company calls a secure and compliant ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/bridge",children:"bridge "})," between fiat and cryptocurrencies. It serves as an infrastructure provider for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," businesses to connect with the fiat economy. In other words, ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Wyre",children:"Wyre "})," payments enable ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," businesses to efficiently integrate highly customizable fiat on-ramps into their onboarding flows."]})},"yield farming":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:[n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Yield%20farming",children:"Yield farming "})," is an investment practice that involves locking crypto in a ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/dapp",children:"dapp "})," for ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/token",children:"token "})," rewards. Yield farmers ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/deposit",children:"deposit "})," their tokens into DeFi applications for crypto trading, lending, or borrowing."]})},"yield-bearing tokens":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Yield tokens. See '",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/yield%20farming",children:"yield farming "}),"'"]})},"zero address":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["The ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Zero%20Address",children:"Zero Address "})," is an address on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/Ethereum",children:"Ethereum "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "})," that is the recipient of a special ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," used to register the creation of a new ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/smart%20contract",children:"smart contract "})," on the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/network",children:"network "}),"."]})},"Zero-knowledge proof":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/zero-knowledge%20proof",children:"zero-knowledge proof "})," is a cryptographic method that allows an individual to prove that a statement is true without conveying any additional information."]})},"Zero-knowledge rollup":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["A rollup of transactions that use validity proofs to offer increased ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%202",children:"layer 2 "})," ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," throughput while using the security provided by ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/mainnet",children:"mainnet "})," (",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/layer%201",children:"layer 1 "}),"). Although they can't handle complex ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/transaction",children:"transaction "})," types, like Optimistic ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/rollups",children:"rollups "}),", they don't have ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/latency",children:"latency "})," issues because transactions are provably valid when submitted."]})},"zk-SNARKs":{definition:n.jsxs(n.Fragment,{children:["Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-interactive ARguments of Knowledge are an incredible technology, and vital to the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/scaling",children:"scaling "})," of ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/blockchain",children:"blockchain "})," technology and the ",n.jsx(a,{to:"/term/decentralized%20web",children:"decentralized web "}),". 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