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cpu.cpp
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cpu.cpp
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#include <stdint.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
//extern void printhex(uint16_t val);
//extern void serout(uint8_t value);
extern uint8_t getkey();
extern void clearkey();
#define NULL (void *) 0
#define RAM_SIZE 30816 //This works
//#define RAM_SIZE 34816 //32KB
//#define RAM_SIZE 16384 // smaller
//6502 defines
//#define UNDOCUMENTED //when this is defined, undocumented opcodes are handled.
//otherwise, they're simply treated as NOPs.
//#define USE_TIMING //slower, but allows you to specify number of cycles to run for exec6502
//rather than simply a number of instructions. also uses a little more
//program memory when enabled.
#define FLAG_CARRY 0x01
#define FLAG_ZERO 0x02
#define FLAG_INTERRUPT 0x04
#define FLAG_DECIMAL 0x08
#define FLAG_BREAK 0x10
#define FLAG_CONSTANT 0x20
#define FLAG_OVERFLOW 0x40
#define FLAG_SIGN 0x80
#define BASE_STACK 0x100
#define saveaccum(n) a = (uint8_t)((n) & 0x00FF)
//flag modifier macros
#define setcarry() cpustatus |= FLAG_CARRY
#define clearcarry() cpustatus &= (~FLAG_CARRY)
#define setzero() cpustatus |= FLAG_ZERO
#define clearzero() cpustatus &= (~FLAG_ZERO)
#define setinterrupt() cpustatus |= FLAG_INTERRUPT
#define clearinterrupt() cpustatus &= (~FLAG_INTERRUPT)
#define setdecimal() cpustatus |= FLAG_DECIMAL
#define cleardecimal() cpustatus &= (~FLAG_DECIMAL)
#define setoverflow() cpustatus |= FLAG_OVERFLOW
#define clearoverflow() cpustatus &= (~FLAG_OVERFLOW)
#define setsign() cpustatus |= FLAG_SIGN
#define clearsign() cpustatus &= (~FLAG_SIGN)
//flag calculation macros
#define zerocalc(n) { if ((n) & 0x00FF) clearzero(); else setzero(); }
#define signcalc(n) { if ((n) & 0x0080) setsign(); else clearsign(); }
#define carrycalc(n) { if ((n) & 0xFF00) setcarry(); else clearcarry(); }
#define overflowcalc(n, m, o) { if (((n) ^ (uint16_t)(m)) & ((n) ^ (o)) & 0x0080) setoverflow(); else clearoverflow(); }
//6502 CPU registers
uint16_t pc;
uint8_t sp, a, x, y, cpustatus;
//helper variables
uint32_t instructions = 0; //keep track of total instructions executed
int32_t clockticks6502 = 0, clockgoal6502 = 0;
uint16_t oldpc, ea, reladdr, value, result;
uint8_t opcode, oldcpustatus, useaccum;
extern uint8_t RAM[RAM_SIZE];
#include "rom.h"
uint8_t read6502(uint16_t address) {
if ((address >= 0xA000) && (address < 0xC000)) return pgm_read_byte_near(BIOS + (address - 0xA000)); //BASIC ROM
if (address >= 0xE000) return pgm_read_byte_near(BIOS + (address - 0xC000)); //KERNAL ROM
if ((address >= 0xD000) && (address < 0xD800)) return (0); //VIC2 and SID
if (address < RAM_SIZE) return (RAM[address]); //free RAM for user
}
void write6502(uint16_t address, uint8_t value) {
if (address < RAM_SIZE) RAM[address] = value;
}
//a few general functions used by various other functions
void push16(uint16_t pushval) {
write6502(BASE_STACK + sp, (pushval >> 8) & 0xFF);
write6502(BASE_STACK + ((sp - 1) & 0xFF), pushval & 0xFF);
sp -= 2;
}
void push8(uint8_t pushval) {
write6502(BASE_STACK + sp--, pushval);
}
uint16_t pull16() {
uint16_t temp16;
temp16 = read6502(BASE_STACK + ((sp + 1) & 0xFF)) | ((uint16_t)read6502(BASE_STACK + ((sp + 2) & 0xFF)) << 8);
sp += 2;
return (temp16);
}
uint8_t pull8() {
return (read6502(BASE_STACK + ++sp));
}
void reset6502() {
pc = (uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFC) | ((uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFD) << 8);
//Serial.println("set pc");
a = 0;
x = 0;
y = 0;
sp = 0xFD;
cpustatus |= FLAG_CONSTANT;
}
struct CPUSTATUS {
uint16_t pc;
uint8_t sp;
uint8_t a;
uint8_t x;
uint8_t y;
uint8_t cpustatus;
} ;
extern CPUSTATUS getCPUSTATUS(){
CPUSTATUS cs;
cs.pc = pc;
cs.sp = sp;
cs.a = a;
cs.x = x;
cs.y = y;
cs.cpustatus = cpustatus;
return cs;
}
extern void setCPUSTATUS(CPUSTATUS cs){
pc = cs.pc;
sp = cs.sp;
a = cs.a;
x = cs.x;
y = cs.y;
cpustatus = cs.cpustatus;
}
//addressing mode functions, calculates effective addresses
void imp() { //implied
}
void acc() { //accumulator
useaccum = 1;
}
void imm() { //immediate
ea = pc++;
}
void zp() { //zero-page
ea = (uint16_t)read6502((uint16_t)pc++);
}
void zpx() { //zero-page,X
ea = ((uint16_t)read6502((uint16_t)pc++) + (uint16_t)x) & 0xFF; //zero-page wraparound
}
void zpy() { //zero-page,Y
ea = ((uint16_t)read6502((uint16_t)pc++) + (uint16_t)y) & 0xFF; //zero-page wraparound
}
void rel() { //relative for branch ops (8-bit immediate value, sign-extended)
reladdr = (uint16_t)read6502(pc++);
if (reladdr & 0x80) reladdr |= 0xFF00;
}
void abso() { //absolute
ea = (uint16_t)read6502(pc) | ((uint16_t)read6502(pc + 1) << 8);
pc += 2;
}
void absx() { //absolute,X
uint16_t startpage;
ea = ((uint16_t)read6502(pc) | ((uint16_t)read6502(pc + 1) << 8));
startpage = ea & 0xFF00;
ea += (uint16_t)x;
pc += 2;
}
void absy() { //absolute,Y
uint16_t startpage;
ea = ((uint16_t)read6502(pc) | ((uint16_t)read6502(pc + 1) << 8));
startpage = ea & 0xFF00;
ea += (uint16_t)y;
pc += 2;
}
void ind() { //indirect
uint16_t eahelp, eahelp2;
eahelp = (uint16_t)read6502(pc) | (uint16_t)((uint16_t)read6502(pc + 1) << 8);
eahelp2 = (eahelp & 0xFF00) | ((eahelp + 1) & 0x00FF); //replicate 6502 page-boundary wraparound bug
ea = (uint16_t)read6502(eahelp) | ((uint16_t)read6502(eahelp2) << 8);
pc += 2;
}
void indx() { // (indirect,X)
uint16_t eahelp;
eahelp = (uint16_t)(((uint16_t)read6502(pc++) + (uint16_t)x) & 0xFF); //zero-page wraparound for table pointer
ea = (uint16_t)read6502(eahelp & 0x00FF) | ((uint16_t)read6502((eahelp + 1) & 0x00FF) << 8);
}
void indy() { // (indirect),Y
uint16_t eahelp, eahelp2, startpage;
eahelp = (uint16_t)read6502(pc++);
eahelp2 = (eahelp & 0xFF00) | ((eahelp + 1) & 0x00FF); //zero-page wraparound
ea = (uint16_t)read6502(eahelp) | ((uint16_t)read6502(eahelp2) << 8);
startpage = ea & 0xFF00;
ea += (uint16_t)y;
}
static uint16_t getvalue() {
if (useaccum) return ((uint16_t)a);
else return ((uint16_t)read6502(ea));
}
static uint16_t getvalue16() {
return ((uint16_t)read6502(ea) | ((uint16_t)read6502(ea + 1) << 8));
}
void putvalue(uint16_t saveval) {
if (useaccum) a = (uint8_t)(saveval & 0x00FF);
else write6502(ea, (saveval & 0x00FF));
}
//instruction handler functions
void adc() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)a + value + (uint16_t)(cpustatus & FLAG_CARRY);
carrycalc(result);
zerocalc(result);
overflowcalc(result, a, value);
signcalc(result);
#ifndef NES_CPU
if (cpustatus & FLAG_DECIMAL) {
clearcarry();
if ((a & 0x0F) > 0x09) {
a += 0x06;
}
if ((a & 0xF0) > 0x90) {
a += 0x60;
setcarry();
}
clockticks6502++;
}
#endif
saveaccum(result);
}
void op_and() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)a & value;
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
saveaccum(result);
}
void asl() {
value = getvalue();
result = value << 1;
carrycalc(result);
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
putvalue(result);
}
void bcc() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_CARRY) == 0) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void bcs() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_CARRY) == FLAG_CARRY) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void beq() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_ZERO) == FLAG_ZERO) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void op_bit() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)a & value;
zerocalc(result);
cpustatus = (cpustatus & 0x3F) | (uint8_t)(value & 0xC0);
}
void bmi() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_SIGN) == FLAG_SIGN) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void bne() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_ZERO) == 0) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void bpl() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_SIGN) == 0) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void brk() {
pc++;
push16(pc); //push next instruction address onto stack
push8(cpustatus | FLAG_BREAK); //push CPU cpustatus to stack
setinterrupt(); //set interrupt flag
pc = (uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFE) | ((uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFF) << 8);
}
void bvc() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_OVERFLOW) == 0) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void bvs() {
if ((cpustatus & FLAG_OVERFLOW) == FLAG_OVERFLOW) {
oldpc = pc;
pc += reladdr;
if ((oldpc & 0xFF00) != (pc & 0xFF00)) clockticks6502 += 2; //check if jump crossed a page boundary
else clockticks6502++;
}
}
void clc() {
clearcarry();
}
void cld() {
cleardecimal();
}
void cli1() {
clearinterrupt();
}
void clv() {
clearoverflow();
}
void cmp() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)a - value;
if (a >= (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF)) setcarry();
else clearcarry();
if (a == (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF)) setzero();
else clearzero();
signcalc(result);
}
void cpx() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)x - value;
if (x >= (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF)) setcarry();
else clearcarry();
if (x == (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF)) setzero();
else clearzero();
signcalc(result);
}
void cpy() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)y - value;
if (y >= (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF)) setcarry();
else clearcarry();
if (y == (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF)) setzero();
else clearzero();
signcalc(result);
}
void dec() {
value = getvalue();
result = value - 1;
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
putvalue(result);
}
void dex() {
x--;
zerocalc(x);
signcalc(x);
}
void dey() {
y--;
zerocalc(y);
signcalc(y);
}
void eor() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)a ^ value;
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
saveaccum(result);
}
void inc() {
value = getvalue();
result = value + 1;
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
putvalue(result);
}
void inx() {
x++;
zerocalc(x);
signcalc(x);
}
void iny() {
y++;
zerocalc(y);
signcalc(y);
}
void jmp() {
pc = ea;
}
void jsr() {
push16(pc - 1);
pc = ea;
}
void lda() {
value = getvalue();
a = (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF);
zerocalc(a);
signcalc(a);
}
void ldx() {
value = getvalue();
x = (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF);
zerocalc(x);
signcalc(x);
}
void ldy() {
value = getvalue();
y = (uint8_t)(value & 0x00FF);
zerocalc(y);
signcalc(y);
}
void lsr() {
value = getvalue();
result = value >> 1;
if (value & 1) setcarry();
else clearcarry();
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
putvalue(result);
}
void nop() {
}
void ora() {
value = getvalue();
result = (uint16_t)a | value;
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
saveaccum(result);
}
void pha() {
push8(a);
}
void php() {
push8(cpustatus | FLAG_BREAK);
}
void pla() {
a = pull8();
zerocalc(a);
signcalc(a);
}
void plp() {
cpustatus = pull8() | FLAG_CONSTANT;
}
void rol() {
value = getvalue();
result = (value << 1) | (cpustatus & FLAG_CARRY);
carrycalc(result);
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
putvalue(result);
}
void ror() {
value = getvalue();
result = (value >> 1) | ((cpustatus & FLAG_CARRY) << 7);
if (value & 1) setcarry();
else clearcarry();
zerocalc(result);
signcalc(result);
putvalue(result);
}
void rti() {
cpustatus = pull8();
value = pull16();
pc = value;
}
void rts() {
value = pull16();
pc = value + 1;
}
void sbc() {
value = getvalue() ^ 0x00FF;
result = (uint16_t)a + value + (uint16_t)(cpustatus & FLAG_CARRY);
carrycalc(result);
zerocalc(result);
overflowcalc(result, a, value);
signcalc(result);
#ifndef NES_CPU
if (cpustatus & FLAG_DECIMAL) {
clearcarry();
a -= 0x66;
if ((a & 0x0F) > 0x09) {
a += 0x06;
}
if ((a & 0xF0) > 0x90) {
a += 0x60;
setcarry();
}
clockticks6502++;
}
#endif
saveaccum(result);
}
void sec() {
setcarry();
}
void sed() {
setdecimal();
}
void sei1() {
setinterrupt();
}
void sta() {
putvalue(a);
}
void stx() {
putvalue(x);
}
void sty() {
putvalue(y);
}
void tax() {
x = a;
zerocalc(x);
signcalc(x);
}
void tay() {
y = a;
zerocalc(y);
signcalc(y);
}
void tsx() {
x = sp;
zerocalc(x);
signcalc(x);
}
void txa() {
a = x;
zerocalc(a);
signcalc(a);
}
void txs() {
sp = x;
}
void tya() {
a = y;
zerocalc(a);
signcalc(a);
}
//undocumented instructions
#ifdef UNDOCUMENTED
void lax() {
lda();
ldx();
}
void sax() {
sta();
stx();
putvalue(a & x);
}
void dcp() {
dec();
cmp();
}
void isb() {
inc();
sbc();
}
void slo() {
asl();
ora();
}
void rla() {
rol();
op_and();
}
void sre() {
lsr();
eor();
}
void rra() {
ror();
adc();
}
#else
#define lax nop
#define sax nop
#define dcp nop
#define isb nop
#define slo nop
#define rla nop
#define sre nop
#define rra nop
#endif
void nmi6502() {
push16(pc);
push8(cpustatus);
cpustatus |= FLAG_INTERRUPT;
pc = (uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFA) | ((uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFB) << 8);
}
void irq6502() {
push16(pc);
push8(cpustatus);
cpustatus |= FLAG_INTERRUPT;
pc = (uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFE) | ((uint16_t)read6502(0xFFFF) << 8);
}
#ifdef USE_TIMING
prog_char ticktable[256] PROGMEM = {
7, 6, 2, 8, 3, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6,
2, 5, 2, 8, 4, 4, 6, 6, 2, 4, 2, 7, 4, 4, 7, 7,
6, 6, 2, 8, 3, 3, 5, 5, 4, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6,
2, 5, 2, 8, 4, 4, 6, 6, 2, 4, 2, 7, 4, 4, 7, 7,
6, 6, 2, 8, 3, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6,
2, 5, 2, 8, 4, 4, 6, 6, 2, 4, 2, 7, 4, 4, 7, 7,
6, 6, 2, 8, 3, 3, 5, 5, 4, 2, 2, 2, 5, 4, 6, 6,
2, 5, 2, 8, 4, 4, 6, 6, 2, 4, 2, 7, 4, 4, 7, 7,
2, 6, 2, 6, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4,
2, 6, 2, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 5, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
2, 6, 2, 6, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4,
2, 5, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
2, 6, 2, 8, 3, 3, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6,
2, 5, 2, 8, 4, 4, 6, 6, 2, 4, 2, 7, 4, 4, 7, 7,
2, 6, 2, 8, 3, 3, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6,
2, 5, 2, 8, 4, 4, 6, 6, 2, 4, 2, 7, 4, 4, 7, 7
};
#endif
void exec6502(int32_t tickcount) {
#ifdef USE_TIMING
clockgoal6502 += tickcount;
while (clockgoal6502 > 0) {
#else
while (tickcount--) {
#endif
opcode = read6502(pc++);
cpustatus |= FLAG_CONSTANT;
useaccum = 0;
switch (opcode) {
case 0x0:
imp();
brk();
break;
case 0x1:
indx();
ora();
break;
case 0x5:
zp();
ora();
break;
case 0x6:
zp();
asl();
break;
case 0x8:
imp();
php();
break;
case 0x9:
imm();
ora();
break;
case 0xA:
acc();
asl();
break;
case 0xD:
abso();
ora();
break;
case 0xE:
abso();
asl();
break;
case 0x10:
rel();
bpl();
break;
case 0x11:
indy();
ora();
break;
case 0x15:
zpx();
ora();
break;
case 0x16:
zpx();
asl();
break;
case 0x18:
imp();
clc();
break;
case 0x19:
absy();
ora();
break;
case 0x1D:
absx();
ora();
break;
case 0x1E:
absx();
asl();
break;
case 0x20:
abso();
jsr();
break;
case 0x21:
indx();
op_and();
break;
case 0x24:
zp();
op_bit();
break;
case 0x25:
zp();
op_and();
break;
case 0x26:
zp();
rol();
break;
case 0x28:
imp();
plp();
break;
case 0x29:
imm();
op_and();
break;
case 0x2A:
acc();
rol();
break;
case 0x2C:
abso();
op_bit();
break;
case 0x2D:
abso();
op_and();
break;
case 0x2E:
abso();
rol();
break;
case 0x30:
rel();
bmi();
break;
case 0x31:
indy();
op_and();
break;
case 0x35:
zpx();
op_and();
break;
case 0x36:
zpx();
rol();
break;
case 0x38:
imp();
sec();
break;
case 0x39:
absy();
op_and();
break;
case 0x3D:
absx();
op_and();
break;
case 0x3E:
absx();
rol();
break;
case 0x40:
imp();
rti();
break;
case 0x41:
indx();
eor();
break;
case 0x45:
zp();
eor();
break;
case 0x46:
zp();
lsr();
break;
case 0x48:
imp();
pha();
break;
case 0x49:
imm();
eor();
break;
case 0x4A:
acc();
lsr();
break;
case 0x4C:
abso();
jmp();
break;
case 0x4D:
abso();
eor();
break;
case 0x4E:
abso();
lsr();
break;
case 0x50:
rel();
bvc();
break;
case 0x51:
indy();
eor();
break;
case 0x55:
zpx();
eor();
break;
case 0x56:
zpx();
lsr();
break;
case 0x58:
imp();
cli1();
break;
case 0x59:
absy();