diff --git a/mongo/client.go b/mongo/client.go
index c163c79392..df2fd17f09 100644
--- a/mongo/client.go
+++ b/mongo/client.go
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func NewClient(opts ...*options.ClientOptions) (*Client, error) {
 		client.serverMonitor = clientOpt.ServerMonitor
 	}
 	// ReadConcern
-	client.readConcern = readconcern.New()
+	client.readConcern = &readconcern.ReadConcern{}
 	if clientOpt.ReadConcern != nil {
 		client.readConcern = clientOpt.ReadConcern
 	}
diff --git a/mongo/collection.go b/mongo/collection.go
index 545ad12cd7..02537dc777 100644
--- a/mongo/collection.go
+++ b/mongo/collection.go
@@ -629,7 +629,33 @@ func (coll *Collection) updateOrReplace(ctx context.Context, filter bsoncore.Doc
 		ctx = context.Background()
 	}
 
-	uo := options.MergeUpdateOptions(opts...)
+	uo := options.Update()
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		if opt == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if opt.ArrayFilters != nil {
+			uo.ArrayFilters = opt.ArrayFilters
+		}
+		if opt.BypassDocumentValidation != nil {
+			uo.BypassDocumentValidation = opt.BypassDocumentValidation
+		}
+		if opt.Collation != nil {
+			uo.Collation = opt.Collation
+		}
+		if opt.Comment != nil {
+			uo.Comment = opt.Comment
+		}
+		if opt.Hint != nil {
+			uo.Hint = opt.Hint
+		}
+		if opt.Upsert != nil {
+			uo.Upsert = opt.Upsert
+		}
+		if opt.Let != nil {
+			uo.Let = opt.Let
+		}
+	}
 
 	// collation, arrayFilters, upsert, and hint are included on the individual update documents rather than as part of the
 	// command
diff --git a/mongo/integration/json_helpers_test.go b/mongo/integration/json_helpers_test.go
index 749de6a5b1..1a1a53189c 100644
--- a/mongo/integration/json_helpers_test.go
+++ b/mongo/integration/json_helpers_test.go
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func createClientOptions(t testing.TB, opts bson.Raw) *options.ClientOptions {
 				t.Fatalf("unrecognized type for w client option: %v", opt.Type)
 			}
 		case "readConcernLevel":
-			clientOpts.SetReadConcern(readconcern.New(readconcern.Level(opt.StringValue())))
+			clientOpts.SetReadConcern(&readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: opt.StringValue()})
 		case "readPreference":
 			clientOpts.SetReadPreference(readPrefFromString(opt.StringValue()))
 		case "heartbeatFrequencyMS":
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ func createTransactionOptions(t testing.TB, opts bson.Raw) *options.TransactionO
 
 // create a read concern from a map
 func createReadConcern(opt bson.RawValue) *readconcern.ReadConcern {
-	return readconcern.New(readconcern.Level(opt.Document().Lookup("level").StringValue()))
+	return &readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: opt.Document().Lookup("level").StringValue()}
 }
 
 // create a read concern from a map
diff --git a/mongo/integration/unified/client_entity.go b/mongo/integration/unified/client_entity.go
index ff7d9d5fc3..bd131799a3 100644
--- a/mongo/integration/unified/client_entity.go
+++ b/mongo/integration/unified/client_entity.go
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ func setClientOptionsFromURIOptions(clientOpts *options.ClientOptions, uriOpts b
 		case "maxconnecting":
 			clientOpts.SetMaxConnecting(uint64(value.(int32)))
 		case "readconcernlevel":
-			clientOpts.SetReadConcern(readconcern.New(readconcern.Level(value.(string))))
+			clientOpts.SetReadConcern(&readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: value.(string)})
 		case "retryreads":
 			clientOpts.SetRetryReads(value.(bool))
 		case "retrywrites":
diff --git a/mongo/integration/unified/common_options.go b/mongo/integration/unified/common_options.go
index 04a462d7b6..67999e686c 100644
--- a/mongo/integration/unified/common_options.go
+++ b/mongo/integration/unified/common_options.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ type readConcern struct {
 }
 
 func (rc *readConcern) toReadConcernOption() *readconcern.ReadConcern {
-	return readconcern.New(readconcern.Level(rc.Level))
+	return &readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: rc.Level}
 }
 
 type writeConcern struct {
diff --git a/mongo/mongocryptd.go b/mongo/mongocryptd.go
index 41aebc76c1..e77a392419 100644
--- a/mongo/mongocryptd.go
+++ b/mongo/mongocryptd.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 var defaultTimeoutArgs = []string{"--idleShutdownTimeoutSecs=60"}
-var databaseOpts = options.Database().SetReadConcern(readconcern.New()).SetReadPreference(readpref.Primary())
+var databaseOpts = options.Database().SetReadConcern(&readconcern.ReadConcern{}).SetReadPreference(readpref.Primary())
 
 type mongocryptdClient struct {
 	bypassSpawn bool
diff --git a/mongo/options/clientoptions.go b/mongo/options/clientoptions.go
index 287164341f..d08bbf6992 100644
--- a/mongo/options/clientoptions.go
+++ b/mongo/options/clientoptions.go
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ func (c *ClientOptions) ApplyURI(uri string) *ClientOptions {
 	}
 
 	if cs.ReadConcernLevel != "" {
-		c.ReadConcern = readconcern.New(readconcern.Level(cs.ReadConcernLevel))
+		c.ReadConcern = &readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: cs.ReadConcernLevel}
 	}
 
 	if cs.ReadPreference != "" || len(cs.ReadPreferenceTagSets) > 0 || cs.MaxStalenessSet {
diff --git a/mongo/options/transactionoptions.go b/mongo/options/transactionoptions.go
index 9270cd20d4..2bc4c2166c 100644
--- a/mongo/options/transactionoptions.go
+++ b/mongo/options/transactionoptions.go
@@ -73,31 +73,3 @@ func (t *TransactionOptions) SetMaxCommitTime(mct *time.Duration) *TransactionOp
 	t.MaxCommitTime = mct
 	return t
 }
-
-// MergeTransactionOptions combines the given TransactionOptions instances into a single TransactionOptions in a
-// last-one-wins fashion.
-//
-// Deprecated: Merging options structs will not be supported in Go Driver 2.0. Users should create a
-// single options struct instead.
-func MergeTransactionOptions(opts ...*TransactionOptions) *TransactionOptions {
-	t := Transaction()
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		if opt == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if opt.ReadConcern != nil {
-			t.ReadConcern = opt.ReadConcern
-		}
-		if opt.ReadPreference != nil {
-			t.ReadPreference = opt.ReadPreference
-		}
-		if opt.WriteConcern != nil {
-			t.WriteConcern = opt.WriteConcern
-		}
-		if opt.MaxCommitTime != nil {
-			t.MaxCommitTime = opt.MaxCommitTime
-		}
-	}
-
-	return t
-}
diff --git a/mongo/options/updateoptions.go b/mongo/options/updateoptions.go
index 5206f9f01b..a47fb20592 100644
--- a/mongo/options/updateoptions.go
+++ b/mongo/options/updateoptions.go
@@ -93,39 +93,3 @@ func (uo *UpdateOptions) SetLet(l interface{}) *UpdateOptions {
 	uo.Let = l
 	return uo
 }
-
-// MergeUpdateOptions combines the given UpdateOptions instances into a single UpdateOptions in a last-one-wins fashion.
-//
-// Deprecated: Merging options structs will not be supported in Go Driver 2.0. Users should create a
-// single options struct instead.
-func MergeUpdateOptions(opts ...*UpdateOptions) *UpdateOptions {
-	uOpts := Update()
-	for _, uo := range opts {
-		if uo == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if uo.ArrayFilters != nil {
-			uOpts.ArrayFilters = uo.ArrayFilters
-		}
-		if uo.BypassDocumentValidation != nil {
-			uOpts.BypassDocumentValidation = uo.BypassDocumentValidation
-		}
-		if uo.Collation != nil {
-			uOpts.Collation = uo.Collation
-		}
-		if uo.Comment != nil {
-			uOpts.Comment = uo.Comment
-		}
-		if uo.Hint != nil {
-			uOpts.Hint = uo.Hint
-		}
-		if uo.Upsert != nil {
-			uOpts.Upsert = uo.Upsert
-		}
-		if uo.Let != nil {
-			uOpts.Let = uo.Let
-		}
-	}
-
-	return uOpts
-}
diff --git a/mongo/read_write_concern_spec_test.go b/mongo/read_write_concern_spec_test.go
index 51d46b4c2a..8dcab1274a 100644
--- a/mongo/read_write_concern_spec_test.go
+++ b/mongo/read_write_concern_spec_test.go
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ func runConnectionStringTest(t *testing.T, test connectionStringTest) {
 
 	if test.ReadConcern != nil {
 		expected := readConcernFromRaw(t, test.ReadConcern)
-		assert.Equal(t, expected.GetLevel(), cs.ReadConcernLevel,
-			"expected level %v, got %v", expected.GetLevel(), cs.ReadConcernLevel)
+		assert.Equal(t, expected.Level, cs.ReadConcernLevel,
+			"expected level %v, got %v", expected.Level, cs.ReadConcernLevel)
 	}
 	if test.WriteConcern != nil {
 		expectedWc := writeConcernFromRaw(t, test.WriteConcern)
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ func runDocumentTest(t *testing.T, test documentTest) {
 func readConcernFromRaw(t *testing.T, rc bson.Raw) *readconcern.ReadConcern {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	var opts []readconcern.Option
+	concern := &readconcern.ReadConcern{}
 	elems, _ := rc.Elements()
 	for _, elem := range elems {
 		key := elem.Key()
@@ -208,12 +208,12 @@ func readConcernFromRaw(t *testing.T, rc bson.Raw) *readconcern.ReadConcern {
 
 		switch key {
 		case "level":
-			opts = append(opts, readconcern.Level(val.StringValue()))
+			concern.Level = val.StringValue()
 		default:
 			t.Fatalf("unrecognized read concern field %v", key)
 		}
 	}
-	return readconcern.New(opts...)
+	return concern
 }
 
 type writeConcern struct {
diff --git a/mongo/readconcern/readconcern.go b/mongo/readconcern/readconcern.go
index 51408e142d..8b387c3fd8 100644
--- a/mongo/readconcern/readconcern.go
+++ b/mongo/readconcern/readconcern.go
@@ -26,31 +26,13 @@ type ReadConcern struct {
 	Level string
 }
 
-// Option is an option to provide when creating a ReadConcern.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use the ReadConcern literal declaration instead. For example:
-//
-//	&readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: "local"}
-type Option func(concern *ReadConcern)
-
-// Level creates an option that sets the level of a ReadConcern.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use the ReadConcern literal declaration instead. For example:
-//
-//	&readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: "local"}
-func Level(level string) Option {
-	return func(concern *ReadConcern) {
-		concern.Level = level
-	}
-}
-
 // Local returns a ReadConcern that requests data from the instance with no guarantee that the data
 // has been written to a majority of the replica set members (i.e. may be rolled back).
 //
 // For more information about read concern "local", see
 // https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/read-concern-local/
 func Local() *ReadConcern {
-	return New(Level("local"))
+	return &ReadConcern{Level: "local"}
 }
 
 // Majority returns a ReadConcern that requests data that has been acknowledged by a majority of the
@@ -59,7 +41,7 @@ func Local() *ReadConcern {
 // For more information about read concern "majority", see
 // https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/read-concern-majority/
 func Majority() *ReadConcern {
-	return New(Level("majority"))
+	return &ReadConcern{Level: "majority"}
 }
 
 // Linearizable returns a ReadConcern that requests data that reflects all successful
@@ -68,7 +50,7 @@ func Majority() *ReadConcern {
 // For more information about read concern "linearizable", see
 // https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/read-concern-linearizable/
 func Linearizable() *ReadConcern {
-	return New(Level("linearizable"))
+	return &ReadConcern{Level: "linearizable"}
 }
 
 // Available returns a ReadConcern that requests data from an instance with no guarantee that the
@@ -77,7 +59,7 @@ func Linearizable() *ReadConcern {
 // For more information about read concern "available", see
 // https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/read-concern-available/
 func Available() *ReadConcern {
-	return New(Level("available"))
+	return &ReadConcern{Level: "available"}
 }
 
 // Snapshot returns a ReadConcern that requests majority-committed data as it appears across shards
@@ -86,22 +68,7 @@ func Available() *ReadConcern {
 // For more information about read concern "snapshot", see
 // https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/read-concern-snapshot/
 func Snapshot() *ReadConcern {
-	return New(Level("snapshot"))
-}
-
-// New constructs a new read concern from the given string.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use the ReadConcern literal declaration instead. For example:
-//
-//	&readconcern.ReadConcern{Level: "local"}
-func New(options ...Option) *ReadConcern {
-	concern := &ReadConcern{}
-
-	for _, option := range options {
-		option(concern)
-	}
-
-	return concern
+	return &ReadConcern{Level: "snapshot"}
 }
 
 // MarshalBSONValue implements the bson.ValueMarshaler interface.
@@ -120,10 +87,3 @@ func (rc *ReadConcern) MarshalBSONValue() (bsontype.Type, []byte, error) {
 
 	return bsontype.EmbeddedDocument, bsoncore.BuildDocument(nil, elems), nil
 }
-
-// GetLevel returns the read concern level.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use the ReadConcern.Level field instead.
-func (rc *ReadConcern) GetLevel() string {
-	return rc.Level
-}
diff --git a/mongo/readconcern/readconcern_test.go b/mongo/readconcern/readconcern_test.go
index 2f6ea79f3e..cecd0e90fe 100644
--- a/mongo/readconcern/readconcern_test.go
+++ b/mongo/readconcern/readconcern_test.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestReadConcern_MarshalBSONValue(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:         "empty",
-			rc:           readconcern.New(),
+			rc:           &readconcern.ReadConcern{},
 			bytes:        bsoncore.BuildDocument(nil, nil),
 			wantErrorMsg: nil,
 		},
diff --git a/mongo/session.go b/mongo/session.go
index 22aa026c9e..4e687fc276 100644
--- a/mongo/session.go
+++ b/mongo/session.go
@@ -267,7 +267,24 @@ func (s *sessionImpl) StartTransaction(opts ...*options.TransactionOptions) erro
 
 	s.didCommitAfterStart = false
 
-	topts := options.MergeTransactionOptions(opts...)
+	topts := options.Transaction()
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		if opt == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if opt.ReadConcern != nil {
+			topts.ReadConcern = opt.ReadConcern
+		}
+		if opt.ReadPreference != nil {
+			topts.ReadPreference = opt.ReadPreference
+		}
+		if opt.WriteConcern != nil {
+			topts.WriteConcern = opt.WriteConcern
+		}
+		if opt.MaxCommitTime != nil {
+			topts.MaxCommitTime = opt.MaxCommitTime
+		}
+	}
 	coreOpts := &session.TransactionOptions{
 		ReadConcern:    topts.ReadConcern,
 		ReadPreference: topts.ReadPreference,
diff --git a/x/mongo/driver/operation.go b/x/mongo/driver/operation.go
index b84071e383..58090ce3dd 100644
--- a/x/mongo/driver/operation.go
+++ b/x/mongo/driver/operation.go
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ func (op Operation) addReadConcern(dst []byte, desc description.SelectedServer)
 
 	// start transaction must append afterclustertime IF causally consistent and operation time exists
 	if rc == nil && client != nil && client.TransactionStarting() && client.Consistent && client.OperationTime != nil {
-		rc = readconcern.New()
+		rc = &readconcern.ReadConcern{}
 	}
 
 	if client != nil && client.Snapshot {
diff --git a/x/mongo/driver/operation_test.go b/x/mongo/driver/operation_test.go
index b0ae14aad5..0377e1077f 100644
--- a/x/mongo/driver/operation_test.go
+++ b/x/mongo/driver/operation_test.go
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func TestOperation(t *testing.T) {
 			want bsoncore.Document
 		}{
 			{"nil", nil, nil},
-			{"empty", readconcern.New(), nil},
+			{"empty", &readconcern.ReadConcern{}, nil},
 			{"non-empty", readconcern.Majority(), majorityRc},
 		}