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Monk

An unobtrusive data modeling, manipulation and validation library.

Supports MongoDB out of the box. Can be used for any other DB (or even without one).

Installation

$ pip install monk

Dependencies

Monk is tested against the following versions of Python:

  • CPython 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.5
  • PyPy 2.0

Optional dependencies:

  • The MongoDB extension requires pymongo ≥ 3.0 (older may work too).

Documentation

See the complete documentation for details.

Examples

Modeling

The schema is defined as a template using native Python data types:

# we will reuse this structure in examples below

spec = {
    'title': 'Untitled',
    'comments': [
        {
            'author': str,
            'date': datetime.datetime.utcnow,
            'text': str
        }
    ],
}

You are free to design as complex a document as you need. The manipulation and validation functions (described below) support arbitrary nested structures.

When this "natural" pythonic approach is not sufficient, you can mix it with a more verbose notation, e.g.:

title_spec = IsA(str, default='Untitled') | Equals(None)

There are also neat shortcuts:

spec = {
    'url': nullable(str),
    'status': one_of(['new', 'in progress', 'closed']),
    'comments': [str],
    'blob': None,
}

This could be written a bit more verbosely:

spec = {
    'url': IsA(str) | Equals(None),
    'status': Equals('new') | Equals('in progress') | Equals('closed'),
    'comments': ListOf(IsA(str)),
    'blob': Anything(),
}

It is even possible to define schemata for dictionary keys:

CATEGORIES = ['books', 'films', 'toys']
spec = {
    'title': str,
    opt_key('price'): float,    # key is optional; value is mandatory
    'similar_items': {
        one_of(CATEGORIES): [    # suggestions grouped by category
            {'url': str, 'title': str}
        ],
    }
}

# (what if the categories should be populated dynamically?
#  well, the schema is plain Python data, just copy/update on the fly.)

And, yes, you can mix notations. See FAQ.

This very short intro shows that Monk requires almost zero learning to start and then provides very powerful tools when you need them; you won't have to rewrite the "intuitive" code, only augment complexity exactly in places where it's inevitable.

Validation

The schema can be used to ensure that the document has correct structure and the values are of correct types.

from monk.validation import validate

# correct data: staying silent

>>> validate(spec, data)

# a key is missing

>>> validate(spec, {'title': 'Hello'})
Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
MissingKeys: must have keys: 'comments'

# a key is missing in a dictionary in a nested list

>>> validate(spec, {'comments': [{'author': 'john'}]}
Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
DictValueError: 'comments' value item #0: must have keys: 'text', 'date'


# type check; also works with functions and methods (by return value)

>>> validate(spec, {'title': 123, 'comments': []})
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
DictValueError: 'title' value must be str

Custom validators can be used. Behaviour can be fine-tuned.

The validate() function translates the "natural" notation to a validator object under the hood. To improve performance you can "compile" the validator once (using translate() function or by creating a validator instance in place) and use it multiple times to validate different values:

>>> from monk import *
>>> translate(str) == IsA(str)
True
>>> validator = IsA(str) | IsA(int)
>>> validator('hello')
>>> validator(123)
>>> validator(5.5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
AllFailed: must be str or must be int

Manipulation

The same schema can be used to create full documents from incomplete data.

from monk import merge_defaults

# default values are set for missing keys

>>> merge_defaults(spec, {})
{
    'title': 'Untitled',
    'comments': [],
}

# it's easy to override the defaults

>>> merge_defaults(spec, {'title': 'Hello'})
{
    'title': 'Hello',
    'comments': [],
}

# nested lists of dictionaries can be auto-filled, too.
# by the way, note the date.

>>> merge_defaults(spec, {'comments': [{'author': 'john'}]})
{
    'title': 'Untitled',
    'comments': [
        {
            'author': 'john',
            'date': datetime.datetime(2013, 3, 3, 1, 8, 4, 152113),
            'text': None,
        }
    ]
}

Object-Document Mapping

The library can be also viewed as a framework for building ODMs (object-document mappers). See the MongoDB extension and note how it reuses mixins provided by DB-agnostic modules.

Here's an example of the MongoDB ODM bundled with Monk:

from monk.mongo import Document

class Item(Document):
    structure = {
        'text': unicode,
        'slug': unicode,
    }
    indexes = {
        'text': None,
        'slug': {'unique': True},
    }

# this involves manipulation (inserting missing fields)
item = Item(text=u'foo', slug=u'bar')

# this involves validation
item.save(db)

Links

Author

Originally written by Andrey Mikhaylenko since 2011.

Please feel free to submit patches, report bugs or request features:

http://github.com/neithere/monk/issues/

Licensing

Monk is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

Monk is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with Monk. If not, see <http://gnu.org/licenses/>.