diff --git a/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/discard_test.rb b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/discard_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4ad9b6274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/discard_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job'
+
+describe "OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Handlers::Discard" do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Instrumentation.instance }
+  # Technically these are the defaults. But ActiveJob seems to act oddly if you re-install
+  # the instrumentation over and over again - so we manipulate instance variables to
+  # reset between tests, and that means we should set the defaults here.
+  let(:config) { { propagation_style: :link, span_naming: :queue } }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:spans) { exporter.finished_spans }
+  let(:publish_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default publish' } }
+  let(:process_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default process' } }
+  let(:discard_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'discard.active_job' } }
+
+  before do
+    OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Handlers.unsubscribe
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@config, config)
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+
+    instrumentation.install(config)
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :async
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.immediate = true
+
+    exporter.reset
+  end
+
+  after do
+    begin
+      ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.shutdown
+    rescue StandardError
+      nil
+    end
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
+  end
+
+  describe 'exception handling' do
+    it 'sets discard span status to error' do
+      DiscardJob.perform_later
+
+      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+      _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'discard me'
+
+      _(discard_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+      _(discard_span.status.description).must_equal 'discard me'
+      _(discard_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
+      _(discard_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'DiscardJob::DiscardError'
+      _(discard_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'discard me'
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/perform_test.rb b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/perform_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6df43a8f03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/perform_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Handlers::Perform do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Instrumentation.instance }
+  let(:config) { { propagation_style: :link, span_naming: :queue } }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:spans) { exporter.finished_spans }
+  let(:publish_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default publish' } }
+  let(:process_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default process' } }
+
+  before do
+    OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Handlers.unsubscribe
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@config, config)
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+
+    instrumentation.install(config)
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :async
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.immediate = true
+
+    exporter.reset
+  end
+
+  after do
+    begin
+      ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.shutdown
+    rescue StandardError
+      nil
+    end
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
+  end
+
+  describe 'perform_later' do
+    it 'traces enqueuing and processing the job' do
+      TestJob.perform_later
+
+      _(publish_span).wont_be_nil
+      _(process_span).wont_be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'perform_now' do
+    it 'only traces processing the job' do
+      TestJob.perform_now
+
+      _(publish_span).must_be_nil
+      _(process_span).wont_be_nil
+      _(process_span.attributes['code.namespace']).must_equal('TestJob')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'exception handling' do
+    it 'sets span status to error' do
+      _ { ExceptionJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError, 'This job raises an exception'
+
+      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+      _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'This job raises an exception'
+
+      _(process_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
+      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'StandardError'
+      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'This job raises an exception'
+    end
+
+    it 'captures errors that were handled by rescue_from in versions earlier than Rails 7' do
+      skip 'rescue_from jobs behave differently in Rails 7 and newer' if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7')
+      RescueFromJob.perform_later
+
+      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+      _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'I was handled by rescue_from'
+
+      _(process_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
+      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'RescueFromJob::RescueFromError'
+      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'I was handled by rescue_from'
+    end
+
+    it 'ignores errors that were handled by rescue_from in versions of Rails 7 or newer' do
+      skip 'rescue_from jobs behave differently in Rails 7 and newer' if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
+      RescueFromJob.perform_later
+
+      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::OK
+
+      _(process_span.events).must_be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'span kind' do
+    it 'sets correct span kinds for inline jobs' do
+      begin
+        ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.shutdown
+      rescue StandardError
+        nil
+      end
+      ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
+
+      TestJob.perform_later
+
+      _(publish_span.kind).must_equal(:producer)
+      _(process_span.kind).must_equal(:consumer)
+    end
+
+    it 'sets correct span kinds for all other jobs' do
+      TestJob.perform_later
+
+      _(publish_span.kind).must_equal(:producer)
+      _(process_span.kind).must_equal(:consumer)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'attributes' do
+    describe 'active_job.priority' do
+      it 'is unset for unprioritized jobs' do
+        TestJob.perform_later
+
+        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
+          _(span.attributes['rails.active_job.priority']).must_be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'is set for jobs with a priority' do
+        TestJob.set(priority: 1).perform_later
+
+        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
+          _(span.attributes['rails.active_job.priority']).must_equal(1)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'active_job.scheduled_at' do
+      it 'is unset for jobs that do not specify a wait time' do
+        TestJob.perform_later
+
+        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
+          _(span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'is set correctly for jobs that do wait in Rails 7.0 or older' do
+        skip 'scheduled jobs behave differently in Rails 7.1 and newer' if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7.1')
+
+        job = TestJob.set(wait: 0.second).perform_later
+
+        _(publish_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_equal(job.scheduled_at.to_f)
+        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_equal(job.scheduled_at.to_f)
+      end
+
+      it 'is set correctly for jobs that do wait in Rails 7.1 and newer' do
+        skip 'scheduled jobs behave differently in Rails 7.0 and older' if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7.1')
+
+        job = TestJob.set(wait: 0.second).perform_later
+
+        _(publish_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_equal(job.scheduled_at.to_f)
+        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'messaging.system' do
+      it 'is set correctly for the inline adapter' do
+        begin
+          ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.shutdown
+        rescue StandardError
+          nil
+        end
+
+        ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
+        TestJob.perform_later
+
+        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
+          _(span.attributes['messaging.system']).must_equal('inline')
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'is set correctly for the async adapter' do
+        TestJob.perform_later
+
+        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
+          _(span.attributes['messaging.system']).must_equal('async')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'active_job.executions' do
+      it 'is 1 for a normal job that does not retry in Rails 6 or earlier' do
+        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 0 in newer versions" if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7')
+        TestJob.perform_now
+        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter']).must_equal(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'is 0 for a normal job that does not retry in Rails 7 or later' do
+        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 1 for older versions" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
+        TestJob.perform_now
+        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter']).must_equal(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'active_job.provider_job_id' do
+      it 'is empty for a job that do not sets provider_job_id' do
+        TestJob.perform_now
+        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.provider_job_id']).must_equal('')
+      end
+
+      it 'sets the correct value if provider_job_id is provided' do
+        job = TestJob.perform_later
+        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.provider_job_id']).must_equal(job.provider_job_id)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'generally sets other attributes as expected' do
+      job = TestJob.perform_later
+
+      [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
+        _(span.attributes['code.namespace']).must_equal('TestJob')
+        _(span.attributes['messaging.destination_kind']).must_equal('queue')
+        _(span.attributes['messaging.system']).must_equal('async')
+        _(span.attributes['messaging.message_id']).must_equal(job.job_id)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'span_naming option' do
+    describe 'when queue - default' do
+      it 'names spans according to the job queue' do
+        TestJob.set(queue: :foo).perform_later
+        publish_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'foo publish' }
+        _(publish_span).wont_be_nil
+
+        process_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'foo process' }
+        _(process_span).wont_be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'when job_class' do
+      let(:config) { { propagation_style: :link, span_naming: :job_class } }
+
+      it 'names span according to the job class' do
+        TestJob.set(queue: :foo).perform_later
+
+        publish_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'TestJob publish' }
+        _(publish_span).wont_be_nil
+
+        process_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'TestJob process' }
+        _(process_span).wont_be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'propagation_style option' do
+    describe 'link - default' do
+      # The inline job adapter executes the job immediately upon enqueuing it
+      # so we can't actually use that in these tests - the actual Context.current at time
+      # of execution *will* be the context where the job was enqueued, because rails
+      # ends up doing job.around_enqueue { job.around_perform { block } } inline.
+      it 'creates span links in separate traces' do
+        TestJob.perform_later
+
+        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
+
+        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(1)
+        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.trace_id).must_equal(publish_span.trace_id)
+        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
+      end
+
+      it 'propagates baggage' do
+        ctx = OpenTelemetry::Baggage.set_value('testing_baggage', 'it_worked')
+        OpenTelemetry::Context.with_current(ctx) do
+          BaggageJob.perform_later
+        end
+
+        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
+
+        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(1)
+        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.trace_id).must_equal(publish_span.trace_id)
+        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
+
+        _(process_span.attributes['success']).must_equal(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'when configured to do parent/child spans' do
+      let(:config) { { propagation_style: :child, span_naming: :queue } }
+
+      it 'creates a parent/child relationship' do
+        TestJob.perform_later
+
+        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
+
+        _(publish_span.trace_id).must_equal(process_span.trace_id)
+        _(process_span.parent_span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
+      end
+
+      it 'propagates baggage' do
+        ctx = OpenTelemetry::Baggage.set_value('testing_baggage', 'it_worked')
+        OpenTelemetry::Context.with_current(ctx) do
+          BaggageJob.perform_later
+        end
+        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
+
+        _(publish_span.trace_id).must_equal(process_span.trace_id)
+        _(process_span.parent_span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
+        _(process_span.attributes['success']).must_equal(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'when explicitly configure for no propagation' do
+      let(:config) { { propagation_style: :none, span_naming: :queue } }
+
+      it 'skips link creation and does not create parent/child relationship' do
+        TestJob.perform_later
+
+        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
+
+        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
+        _(process_span.parent_span_id).wont_equal(publish_span.span_id)
+      end
+
+      it 'still propagates baggage' do
+        ctx = OpenTelemetry::Baggage.set_value('testing_baggage', 'it_worked')
+        OpenTelemetry::Context.with_current(ctx) do
+          BaggageJob.perform_later
+        end
+
+        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
+
+        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
+        _(process_span.parent_span_id).wont_equal(publish_span.span_id)
+        _(process_span.attributes['success']).must_equal(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'active_job callbacks' do
+    it 'makes the tracing context available in before_perform callbacks' do
+      skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} subscribers do not include timing information for callbacks" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
+      CallbacksJob.perform_now
+
+      _(CallbacksJob.context_before).wont_be_nil
+      _(CallbacksJob.context_before).must_be :valid?
+    end
+
+    it 'makes the tracing context available in after_perform callbacks' do
+      skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} subscribers do not include timing information for callbacks" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
+      CallbacksJob.perform_now
+
+      _(CallbacksJob.context_after).wont_be_nil
+      _(CallbacksJob.context_after).must_be :valid?
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/retry_stopped_test.rb b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/retry_stopped_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b27407daa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers/retry_stopped_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job'
+
+describe "OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Handlers::RetryStopped" do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Instrumentation.instance }
+  # Technically these are the defaults. But ActiveJob seems to act oddly if you re-install
+  # the instrumentation over and over again - so we manipulate instance variables to
+  # reset between tests, and that means we should set the defaults here.
+  let(:config) { { propagation_style: :link, span_naming: :queue } }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:spans) { exporter.finished_spans }
+  let(:publish_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default publish' } }
+  let(:process_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default process' } }
+  let(:retry_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'retry_stopped.active_job' } }
+
+  before do
+    OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Handlers.unsubscribe
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@config, config)
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+
+    instrumentation.install(config)
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :async
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.immediate = true
+
+    exporter.reset
+  end
+
+  after do
+    begin
+      ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.shutdown
+    rescue StandardError
+      nil
+    end
+    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
+  end
+
+  describe 'attributes' do
+    describe 'active_job.executions' do
+      it 'tracks correctly for jobs that do retry in Rails 6 or earlier' do
+        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 0 in newer versions" if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7')
+        _ { RetryJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError
+
+        executions = spans.filter { |s| s.kind == :consumer }.map { |s| s.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter'] }.compact.max
+        _(executions).must_equal(2) # total of 3 runs. The initial and 2 retries.
+      end
+
+      it 'tracks correctly for jobs that do retry in Rails 7 or later' do
+        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 1 in older versions" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
+        _ { RetryJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError
+
+        executions = spans.filter { |s| s.kind == :consumer }.map { |s| s.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter'] }.compact.max
+        _(executions).must_equal(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'records retry errors' do
+        _ { RetryJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError
+
+        _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+        _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'from retry job'
+
+        _(retry_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+        _(retry_span.status.description).must_equal 'from retry job'
+        _(retry_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
+        _(retry_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'StandardError'
+        _(retry_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'from retry job'
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers_test.rb b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers_test.rb
index 6fbc35dc02..9d1cd989a7 100644
--- a/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers_test.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/active_job/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/active_job/handlers_test.rb
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
   let(:spans) { exporter.finished_spans }
   let(:publish_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default publish' } }
   let(:process_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'default process' } }
-  let(:discard_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'discard.active_job' } }
-  let(:retry_span) { spans.find { |s| s.name == 'retry_stopped.active_job' } }
 
   before do
     OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveJob::Handlers.unsubscribe
@@ -42,25 +40,6 @@
     ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
   end
 
-  describe 'perform_later' do
-    it 'traces enqueuing and processing the job' do
-      TestJob.perform_later
-
-      _(publish_span).wont_be_nil
-      _(process_span).wont_be_nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'perform_now' do
-    it 'only traces processing the job' do
-      TestJob.perform_now
-
-      _(publish_span).must_be_nil
-      _(process_span).wont_be_nil
-      _(process_span.attributes['code.namespace']).must_equal('TestJob')
-    end
-  end
-
   describe 'compatibility' do
     it 'works with positional args' do
       _(PositionalOnlyArgsJob.perform_now('arg1')).must_be_nil # Make sure this runs without raising an error
@@ -74,342 +53,4 @@
       _(MixedArgsJob.perform_now('arg1', 'arg2', keyword2: :keyword2)).must_be_nil # Make sure this runs without raising an error
     end
   end
-
-  describe 'exception handling' do
-    it 'sets span status to error' do
-      _ { ExceptionJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError, 'This job raises an exception'
-
-      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
-      _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'This job raises an exception'
-
-      _(process_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
-      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'StandardError'
-      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'This job raises an exception'
-    end
-
-    it 'sets discard span status to error' do
-      DiscardJob.perform_later
-
-      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
-      _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'discard me'
-
-      _(discard_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
-      _(discard_span.status.description).must_equal 'discard me'
-      _(discard_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
-      _(discard_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'DiscardJob::DiscardError'
-      _(discard_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'discard me'
-    end
-
-    it 'captures errors that were handled by rescue_from in versions earlier than Rails 7' do
-      skip 'rescue_from jobs behave differently in Rails 7 and newer' if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7')
-      RescueFromJob.perform_later
-
-      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
-      _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'I was handled by rescue_from'
-
-      _(process_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
-      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'RescueFromJob::RescueFromError'
-      _(process_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'I was handled by rescue_from'
-    end
-
-    it 'ignores errors that were handled by rescue_from in versions of Rails 7 or newer' do
-      skip 'rescue_from jobs behave differently in Rails 7 and newer' if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
-      RescueFromJob.perform_later
-
-      _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::OK
-
-      _(process_span.events).must_be_nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'span kind' do
-    it 'sets correct span kinds for inline jobs' do
-      begin
-        ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.shutdown
-      rescue StandardError
-        nil
-      end
-      ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
-
-      TestJob.perform_later
-
-      _(publish_span.kind).must_equal(:producer)
-      _(process_span.kind).must_equal(:consumer)
-    end
-
-    it 'sets correct span kinds for all other jobs' do
-      TestJob.perform_later
-
-      _(publish_span.kind).must_equal(:producer)
-      _(process_span.kind).must_equal(:consumer)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'attributes' do
-    describe 'active_job.priority' do
-      it 'is unset for unprioritized jobs' do
-        TestJob.perform_later
-
-        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
-          _(span.attributes['rails.active_job.priority']).must_be_nil
-        end
-      end
-
-      it 'is set for jobs with a priority' do
-        TestJob.set(priority: 1).perform_later
-
-        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
-          _(span.attributes['rails.active_job.priority']).must_equal(1)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe 'active_job.scheduled_at' do
-      it 'is unset for jobs that do not specify a wait time' do
-        TestJob.perform_later
-
-        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
-          _(span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_be_nil
-        end
-      end
-
-      it 'is set correctly for jobs that do wait in Rails 7.0 or older' do
-        skip 'scheduled jobs behave differently in Rails 7.1 and newer' if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7.1')
-
-        job = TestJob.set(wait: 0.second).perform_later
-
-        _(publish_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_equal(job.scheduled_at.to_f)
-        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_equal(job.scheduled_at.to_f)
-      end
-
-      it 'is set correctly for jobs that do wait in Rails 7.1 and newer' do
-        skip 'scheduled jobs behave differently in Rails 7.0 and older' if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7.1')
-
-        job = TestJob.set(wait: 0.second).perform_later
-
-        _(publish_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_equal(job.scheduled_at.to_f)
-        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.scheduled_at']).must_be_nil
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe 'messaging.system' do
-      it 'is set correctly for the inline adapter' do
-        begin
-          ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.shutdown
-        rescue StandardError
-          nil
-        end
-
-        ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline
-        TestJob.perform_later
-
-        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
-          _(span.attributes['messaging.system']).must_equal('inline')
-        end
-      end
-
-      it 'is set correctly for the async adapter' do
-        TestJob.perform_later
-
-        [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
-          _(span.attributes['messaging.system']).must_equal('async')
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe 'active_job.executions' do
-      it 'is 1 for a normal job that does not retry in Rails 6 or earlier' do
-        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 0 in newer versions" if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7')
-        TestJob.perform_now
-        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter']).must_equal(1)
-      end
-
-      it 'is 0 for a normal job that does not retry in Rails 7 or later' do
-        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 1 for older versions" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
-        TestJob.perform_now
-        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter']).must_equal(0)
-      end
-
-      it 'tracks correctly for jobs that do retry in Rails 6 or earlier' do
-        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 0 in newer versions" if ActiveJob.version >= Gem::Version.new('7')
-        _ { RetryJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError
-
-        executions = spans.filter { |s| s.kind == :consumer }.map { |s| s.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter'] }.compact.max
-        _(executions).must_equal(2) # total of 3 runs. The initial and 2 retries.
-      end
-
-      it 'tracks correctly for jobs that do retry in Rails 7 or later' do
-        skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} starts at 1 in older versions" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
-        _ { RetryJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError
-
-        executions = spans.filter { |s| s.kind == :consumer }.map { |s| s.attributes['rails.active_job.execution.counter'] }.compact.max
-        _(executions).must_equal(1)
-      end
-
-      it 'records retry errors' do
-        _ { RetryJob.perform_later }.must_raise StandardError
-
-        _(process_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
-        _(process_span.status.description).must_equal 'from retry job'
-
-        _(retry_span.status.code).must_equal OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
-        _(retry_span.status.description).must_equal 'from retry job'
-        _(retry_span.events.first.name).must_equal 'exception'
-        _(retry_span.events.first.attributes['exception.type']).must_equal 'StandardError'
-        _(retry_span.events.first.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal 'from retry job'
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe 'active_job.provider_job_id' do
-      it 'is empty for a job that do not sets provider_job_id' do
-        TestJob.perform_now
-        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.provider_job_id']).must_equal('')
-      end
-
-      it 'sets the correct value if provider_job_id is provided' do
-        job = TestJob.perform_later
-        _(process_span.attributes['rails.active_job.provider_job_id']).must_equal(job.provider_job_id)
-      end
-    end
-
-    it 'generally sets other attributes as expected' do
-      job = TestJob.perform_later
-
-      [publish_span, process_span].each do |span|
-        _(span.attributes['code.namespace']).must_equal('TestJob')
-        _(span.attributes['messaging.destination_kind']).must_equal('queue')
-        _(span.attributes['messaging.system']).must_equal('async')
-        _(span.attributes['messaging.message_id']).must_equal(job.job_id)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'span_naming option' do
-    describe 'when queue - default' do
-      it 'names spans according to the job queue' do
-        TestJob.set(queue: :foo).perform_later
-        publish_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'foo publish' }
-        _(publish_span).wont_be_nil
-
-        process_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'foo process' }
-        _(process_span).wont_be_nil
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe 'when job_class' do
-      let(:config) { { propagation_style: :link, span_naming: :job_class } }
-
-      it 'names span according to the job class' do
-        TestJob.set(queue: :foo).perform_later
-
-        publish_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'TestJob publish' }
-        _(publish_span).wont_be_nil
-
-        process_span = exporter.finished_spans.find { |s| s.name == 'TestJob process' }
-        _(process_span).wont_be_nil
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'propagation_style option' do
-    describe 'link - default' do
-      # The inline job adapter executes the job immediately upon enqueuing it
-      # so we can't actually use that in these tests - the actual Context.current at time
-      # of execution *will* be the context where the job was enqueued, because rails
-      # ends up doing job.around_enqueue { job.around_perform { block } } inline.
-      it 'creates span links in separate traces' do
-        TestJob.perform_later
-
-        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
-
-        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(1)
-        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.trace_id).must_equal(publish_span.trace_id)
-        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
-      end
-
-      it 'propagates baggage' do
-        ctx = OpenTelemetry::Baggage.set_value('testing_baggage', 'it_worked')
-        OpenTelemetry::Context.with_current(ctx) do
-          BaggageJob.perform_later
-        end
-
-        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
-
-        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(1)
-        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.trace_id).must_equal(publish_span.trace_id)
-        _(process_span.links[0].span_context.span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
-
-        _(process_span.attributes['success']).must_equal(true)
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe 'when configured to do parent/child spans' do
-      let(:config) { { propagation_style: :child, span_naming: :queue } }
-
-      it 'creates a parent/child relationship' do
-        TestJob.perform_later
-
-        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
-
-        _(publish_span.trace_id).must_equal(process_span.trace_id)
-        _(process_span.parent_span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
-      end
-
-      it 'propagates baggage' do
-        ctx = OpenTelemetry::Baggage.set_value('testing_baggage', 'it_worked')
-        OpenTelemetry::Context.with_current(ctx) do
-          BaggageJob.perform_later
-        end
-        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
-
-        _(publish_span.trace_id).must_equal(process_span.trace_id)
-        _(process_span.parent_span_id).must_equal(publish_span.span_id)
-        _(process_span.attributes['success']).must_equal(true)
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe 'when explicitly configure for no propagation' do
-      let(:config) { { propagation_style: :none, span_naming: :queue } }
-
-      it 'skips link creation and does not create parent/child relationship' do
-        TestJob.perform_later
-
-        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
-
-        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
-        _(process_span.parent_span_id).wont_equal(publish_span.span_id)
-      end
-
-      it 'still propagates baggage' do
-        ctx = OpenTelemetry::Baggage.set_value('testing_baggage', 'it_worked')
-        OpenTelemetry::Context.with_current(ctx) do
-          BaggageJob.perform_later
-        end
-
-        _(process_span.total_recorded_links).must_equal(0)
-
-        _(publish_span.trace_id).wont_equal(process_span.trace_id)
-        _(process_span.parent_span_id).wont_equal(publish_span.span_id)
-        _(process_span.attributes['success']).must_equal(true)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'active_job callbacks' do
-    it 'makes the tracing context available in before_perform callbacks' do
-      skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} subscribers do not include timing information for callbacks" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
-      CallbacksJob.perform_now
-
-      _(CallbacksJob.context_before).wont_be_nil
-      _(CallbacksJob.context_before).must_be :valid?
-    end
-
-    it 'makes the tracing context available in after_perform callbacks' do
-      skip "ActiveJob #{ActiveJob.version} subscribers do not include timing information for callbacks" if ActiveJob.version < Gem::Version.new('7')
-      CallbacksJob.perform_now
-
-      _(CallbacksJob.context_after).wont_be_nil
-      _(CallbacksJob.context_after).must_be :valid?
-    end
-  end
 end