ORNL-4831.txt

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE
VARIABLE.GAP TECUHNIQUE FOR
MEASURING THE THERMAL COMDUCTIVITY
OF FLUORIDE SALT MIXTURES

J.W. Coaks

Printed in the United States of America. Available from
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5235 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151
Price: Printed Copy $3.00; Microfiche $0.95

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United
States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Atomic
Energy Commission, nor any of their amployees, nor any of their contractors,
subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or
assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

ORNI~L4831
UC-80 — Reactor Technology

Contract No. W-740S5-eng 26

Reactor Division

DEVELOPMENT OF THE VARIABLE-GA? TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING
THE THERMAT, CONDUCTIVITY OF FLUORIDE SATLT MIXTURES

J. W. Cooke

FEBRUARY 1973

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL TABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
operated oy
UNTON CARBIDE CORPORATICN
for the
U.3. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

v

3 4456 002L5L2 O
iii

CONTENTS

NOMENCLATURE s 2 « & s & 8 4 4 s s a4 s s e s e s e s e e s aeoe s v
ABSTRACT + v ¢ v v v v v ¢ o & o o o o o »

1. INTRODUCTION . v & v 6 ¢ o a0 o v v o o o o o o o o o s o o o 3
2. METHODS FOR MEASURING MOLTEN-SATT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES

P

o

Selected Techniques for Fluids . . . . . . .
Transient hot wir€ . . .+ « ¢ ¢ v o v v o« v o o » s o o @
Transient hot foll ¢« ¢ v & 4 ¢ v v v o v v v o v« o o o o &
Necked~down sample technigue . . + . « « + + . .
Laminar heat f1ow .« + « 4 « o o v o« o o o o v v e e e e e

Parallel wall o o o & ¢ o s o o o o o o 5 o o o o o o o

N U1 U W W

The Variable-Gap Technique . . o o & + o o o o o & o « o

\

O,
W

Ge n@l‘&] deS c T' iptiorl L] L] » - - - . . . . . . . . . - . . 3

I(:j.ealized mOdel L] . . . ® L] . L] . -« L] . . . . . L L] . .

-3

Effect of radiaftion v v v v v v 6 v o o o o o o o o o o o 9
Effect of natural convectioln « + 2 o o o o o o o o o o o o & 12
Effect of heat shunting . . . . « « « v ¢ ¢« v « & « « . « . 16
Method of caleulalion .+ ¢ ¢ v v v v v 6 o ¢ o o o o o o o 19

FXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS . ¢ o v v v v v v v e s e v v o o o o o & 22

o

Thermal Conductivity Cell o + & o v v v ¢ v v ¢« v o o o o o o« & 22
TUYTIECE ¢ 6 v v 6 v o o e e o o o o o & o o o o o o o v v o o . 30
Hlectrical System o o o ¢ o o 4 o 4 o & o o + a o o o o« & o o 30
Instrumentation .+ . ¢ ¢ v ¢ o ¢ ¢ 4 6 i e e e e o o e s 8 s s e 32

T @ Ej}(PEB IIVEEINT_A.IJ PRO(JED ';S » s o ° . . » . . . . . . - . . . . . . 33

PN

Preliminary ProceduresS o o v o v 4 4 o o o s & s o o s o & o s 33
Operating Procedure — Fluld Specimen . . « « + « v « v o « « o « 34
Operating Procedure — Solid Specimen « « ¢« ¢ o ¢« ¢« ¢ o o &« o « o« 3
5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ¢ o ¢ o o o ¢ o o o o o o o & o o o o o o « 3
Thermal Resistance CUIrvVES o &+ v ¢ o o o o o o o o o o 1 o o o 35

Thermal Conductivity . . « « v & v v v v o v v o v e « « « « « . ko
iv

6. DISCUSSION OF 'THE RESULTS
Comparison with Published Values . . .
Comparison with Theory . . . . .
Uncertainties in the Results .
Adequacy of the Experimental Apparatus
7. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT'S

REFERENCES .

APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAT, DETATLS OF THE DESIGN OF THE APPARATUS .

APPENDIX B. EXPERMENTAT, DATA
APPENDIX C. PRECISION AND ERROR ANALYSTIS
X

NOMENCTLATURE

Specific heat, constant pressure, cal gt (ee)™
diameter of main heater assembly, cm

ratio of effective to total heater wire length
heat shunting factor

Guard heater factor

Acceleration due to gravity, cm sec””

Radiant heat-transfer coefficient, W em = (°C)™*
Current, amps

Thermal conductivity of fpecimen, k_ is that of the metal
cylindrical solid, W em~ (°C)7*

Mean index of refraction

Heat flux, W cm ?

Measured heat flux uncorrected for heat shunting, W cm™
Radius of cylindrical solid, cm

Temperature, °C; T, = °K

Temperature difference between upper and lower plates of

the conductivity cell, °C

. . . 1 2
Thermal resistance at zero specimen thickness, °C W~ cm

Heat~transfer coefficient, W em ™ (°¢)™*
voltage, volts

Integration variable

Specimen or gap thickness, cm

Radiative function defined in Eq. (8)

Coefficient of linear expansiom, (°C)7*
Coefficient of bulk expansion, (°C)7*

Emissivity of cylinder surface

mean absorption coefficient for radiant heat, cm™*
Viscosity, cP
Density, g em™°

Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W em™ (°K) ™%
Optical thickness

Electrical resistance, ohms
vi

Dimensionless Moduli

NGF Grashof number, gp®8 Al X3/gc u?
N, Prandtl number, Cpp/k

T 1A o .
NRa Rayleigh number, NGr NPr
N Reynolds number, oVD/u
Subscripts
f film
c critical
m metal
o at specimen thickness = Q
S specimen

X at specimen thickness = x
DEVELOPMENT OF THE VARIABLE~GAP TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING
THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FLUORIDE SALT MIXTURES

J. W. Cooke

ABSTRACT

The development and evaluation of the wvarigbhle-gap tech-
nique for measuring the thermal conductivity of molten fluoride
salts 1s described. A series of measurements were made of the
conductivities of several substances (Ar, He, H,0, Hg, and liquid
and solid heat-transfer salt) over & wide range of conductivities
[0.4 x 107 to 100 x 1072 W em™ (°c)™* ] and temperatures (40 to
950°C). The deviations of the results from published values
averaged iS%. The study demonstrates the accuracy and outstand-
ing versatility of the variable~gap technique.

Key words: thermwal conductivity, development, design,
measurement, fused salts, high temperature, MSER.

1. INTRODUCTION

High-temperature operations in the chemical processing and nuclear
industries have created a need for economical, efficient heat-transfer
media whose thermal propertieg are superior to those of organic and
gaseous coolants. Molten-salt mixtures have good heat-transfer prop-
erties compared with organic liquids, and their relative inertness and
low vapor pressure give them distinct advantages over 1liquid metals.
They are applied in high-temperature fluxes, heat-treatment baths, and
electrolytic fuel cells, and as the fuel carrier and coolant for nuclear
reactors, such as the Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor (MSBR) experiments.l
This report describes an experimental technique for determining a key
thermal property of molten salts — thermal conductivity. The study
evaluates the method over a broad temperature range using a variety of

materials representing a wide range of conductivities.

Very few data on the thermal conductivities of molten salts, in
varticular, fluoride salts, have been published. Most of the existing
measurements for molten fluoride salt mixtures were made by members of

the MSBR group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) over 15 years
ago.” To extend the scope of the previous measurements, we have developed
an ahsolute, variable-gap technique to determine the thermal conductivity
of fluoride salt mixtures in ligquid and solid states at temperatures to
1000°C. This technique is particularly well suited to the measurement of
the conductivity of low-conducting, semitransparent fluids that must be
contained in inert surroundings at elevated temperatures. Most other
applicable methods suffer from one or more deficiencies 1f used under

these conditidns.

The variable-gap technique is examined in detail) and other techniques
are discussed briefly. The development of an experimental apparatus is
described, and experimental results are presented for the conductivities
of several calibrating fluids: Ar, He, heat-transfer salt (HTS), Ha0, and
Hg. These fluids represent a very wide range of conductivities [0.4 X 107°
to’ 100 X 107° W’cmfl(°C)"1] which were measured over a large temperature
range (40 to 950°C). The thermal conductivities of molten flucride salts

will be presented in a separate report to be published.

2. METHODS FOR MEASURING MOLTEN-SALT THERMAL, CONDUCTIVITIES

Thermal conductivity is one of the most difficult of all thermo-
physical properties to determine experimentally. The difficulties
primarily are due to the unreliability of temperature measurements, the
inadequacy of thermal insulation, and the simultaneous transfer of heat
by mechanisms other than conduction. Conductivity can be measured by
either steady-state, quasi-steady-state, or transient-state heat flow
systems. Experimental determinations using the steady-state methods
depend upon the attainmment of suitable boundary conditions that will allow
the Taplace equation to be solved for the temperature distribution. The
conducltivity is then calculated from the Fourier heat-transfer equation.
The transient method requires the solution of the diffusion equation with
suitable initial and boundary conditions for the thermal diffusivity co-
efficient; the density and heat capacity must be known to calculate the

conductivity. The quasi-steady-state methods are based on a solution of

*.
KNOz -NaNOz ~NaNOg (44-49-7 mole %).
the diffusion eguation for unique initial and boundary conditions such

that the thermal conductivity can ve directly determined.

In addition to conduction, radiation also way be present with trans-
parent substances, and the experimental technique must be capable of
identifying and separating these two mechanisms. In the case of fluilds,
convection may also be present. Thus, only a limited number of experl-
mental techniques are available for the determination of the conductivity
of fluids. Several techniques found in published investigations are
degcribed briefly in the following section, and the technigue used in the

present gtudies is described in a later section.

selected Technigues for Flulds

We will describe briefly each technique and discuss 1its advant

a
and disadvantages for the measurement of conductivity of molten salts.

Transient hot wire

In this technigue, the rate of change of ftemperature of a line heat
source zltuated in an Infinite medium is used to determine the conduc-
tivity of the medium. The line heat source consists of a wire (1 to 5
mils diam) placed axially in a cylinder (2 to 4 cm diam) filled with the
specimen. The wire ig heated by a steady current, and its temperature
is determined by the change in its electrical resistivity. After an
initial transient heating period, the log temperature becomes a
linear function of time until natural convection begins to occur. The
sleope of this linear function of tewperature wilth time can be related
directly to the conductivity of the specimen, Thus, this technique is
a gquasi~steady-state technique rather than a transient technique. It is

a common technique for determining conductivity of ligquids and has been

5

described in many publications.”™*

Tts simplicity, quickness, precision, and accuracy make this tech-
nigue useful for most liquids. With molten salts, however, a significant
amount of current can be shunted through the szalt itself due to tThe
relatively high electrical conductivity of the molten salts at elevated

temperatures. Since the degree of current shunting 1s very difficult to
predict, molten salt conductivity results obtained by this technique are

subject to questions which have not been sufficiently resolved to make

it suitable for this application.g

Transient hot foil

This technique’’® is siailar to the transient hot-wire technique
except in two respects: (1) a thin foil is substituted for the fine wire
to provide a plane heat source instead of a line source, and (2) the tem-
perature is measured with a front-wave-shearing laser interferometer.
Because this temperature measuring technique is extremenly sensitive, the
heat flux from the foll can be greatly reduced. However, the fluid speci-
men must be transparent as well as compatible with the material used in

the cell window.

The transient hot-foil method is more difficult to apply than the
transient hot-wire technique. Tis primary advantage is in the reduction
in the molten-salt ionization that results from a lower voltage along the
heat source. Consequently, the interface between the heated foill and the
molten salt remains polarized and the flow of current into the salt is
minimized. In practice, however, other voltage potentials may exist
within the cell, and some current will flow into the salt even though the
surfaces are polarized. Moreover, operation at elevated temperatures
presents formidable problems 1in the design and choice of materials for the
cell windows., Diamond is the only transparent material suitavle for use
with molten fluoride salts at high temperatures, but its high cost and

fabrication difficulties would restrict its use to very small apertures.

Neckec-down sample techunique

This method® is based on the measurement of the steady-state change
in resistance caused by electrical heating of a narrow bridge of the
sample mater al which joins two larger bodies of the same material. The
theory describling this phenomenon shows that the change in resistance
expressed by the voltage drop caused by the heating current does not
depend on the detalled shape of the narrow region. A necessary condition,
if this is to be true, is that no significant flow of heal occur outside

of the boundaries of the sample. For liquids, the narrow bridge 1is
N

maintained by contalining the liquid in a vessel separated into two parts
by o thin wall with a small aperture. The material of the wall must have
both a high thermal and a high electrical resistance. The technique is

classified as a quasi-steady~-state method.

Several uncertainties are associated with the methed, the first of
which is the losz of heat by conduction along the thin separating wall.
A second major problem arises from the possibility of convection. More-
over, with molten salts the possibility of polarization effects also
would need to be considered. The important advantages of the technigue
are the simplicity of the apparatus, the rapidity with which the measure-
ments can be made, and the reduction in the uncertainties in radiation

by the small size of the heated region.

Taminar heat flow

As)

The laminar flow method determines the conductivity of a fluid
flowing in a circular tube under carefully defined conditions. The wall
temperature of the tube 1s maintained uniform while the inlel and outlet
temperatures of the fluid are measured. In this method, radiation losses
can be neglected and the troublesome measurement of heat flux eliminated.
The main problems concern the prediction of velocity and temperature
profiles of the fluid at the entrance section of the tube and maintaining
a uniform wall temperature., Furthermore, the assumption of constant
physical propertiez of the fluid over the temperature range can intro-
duce significant error. Most of the published results of this technique
differ from the accepted values for thermal conductivity because the

hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths were not properly assessed. ”

Parallel wall

with this method, the steady heat flow through the specimen and the
temperature drop 2eross it are measured. ' 1% The specimen is contained
between two parallel walls of plane, cylindrical, or spherical geometry.
This method is the most commonly used technique for measuring thermal
conductivity. Its seimplicity with regard to the analytic model and
experimental setup make it most attractive; however, the uncertainties

caused by convection, radiation, and stray heat flow at high temperatures
can be considerable. Reducing the heat flow uncertainties by decreasing

P

the specimen thickness and temperature drop can lead to large errors in

-+

these two measurements as well as in the heat flow. Thus, although the

method is simple, it requires care in application and way be unsuitable

for low-thermal conductivity fluids at high temperatures. ?

The Variable~Gap Technique

The variable-gap technique for measuring conductivity is a signifi-
cant improvement over the parallel wall method in that it takes advantage
of the fluidity of the specimen. By use of this technique the specimen
thickness can be varied continuously during the operation with a minimum
disturbance to the specimen composition or to the system temperature dis-
tribution. Also by varying the specimen thickness, the undesirable effectis
of several factors, including the errors caused by specimen voidg or
inhomogeneities, natural convection, radiative heat transfer, corrosion,
deposit formation, radial heat flow, thermocouple location, and thermo-
couple drift, can be greatly reduced. Since only the change in the speci-
men thickness and the change in the temperature across the specimen is
measured, the potential errors of these measurements are smaller and Cthe
influence of convection, radiation, and heat losses can be detected and
minimized. In addition, the apparatus can be used with little or no modi-
fication to measure the conductivities of solids and gases as well as
liquids. Considering the advantages of the method, it is surprising that

- . . 1
only limited use has been made of the variable-gap technique.*®r14” °

General description

The experimental apparatus is shown schematically in Fig. 1. Heat
from the main heater travels downward through the liquid sample region
(labeled '"variable gap™" in the figure) to a heat sink. Heat flow in the
upward and radial directions is minimized by appropriately located guard
heaters, and the heat flux into the sample is measured by the voltage and
current of the dec power to the main heater. The temperature drop across
the gap is determined by thermocouples located on the axial center line
in the metal surfaces defining the sample region. The sample thickness

is varied by moving the assembly containing the main heater and is measured
ORNL- DWG 72-10523R

,LIQUID LEVEL

SPACE
CONTAINER
WAL LS

/= SN NP e Ty -
B\ J : d GUARD HEATERS
oj_._ [ooooooooolanooourf%”oT'—@/’f i
X

QDDOOO)DOOOO()DOO o

\\\\\ RN R\ " ;( N \ \\

~

-\:‘~-MA|N HEATER

..
\\‘ “SVARIABLE GAP
~ .

~. .
~ HEAT SINK
x = THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS

Fig. 1. ©Schematic drawing of a variable-gap thermal conductivity
cell.

by a precision dial indicator. The system femperature level is main-

tained by a surrounding zone-controlled furnace.

Tdealized model

The measured temperature difference can be resolved into the temper-
ature drop across the sample gap; the temperature drops in the metal walls
defining the test region; the temperature drops in any solid or gaseous
films adhering to the metal surfaces; and errors assocciated with thermo-
couple calibration, lead-wire inhomogeneities in thermal gradient regions,
and instrument malfunctions. Neglecting the error term, we can write

Al = AT+ AT+ AT, (1)
S m T
where subscripts are sample, metal, and surface film, respectlvely.
For the sample region, the temperature difference is

AT = (a/A) sx /%, (2)

where Q/A is the heat flux, Ox 1s the gap width, and k, is the thermal
3
conductivity of the liquid sample. It is assumed that no natural convec-

tion exists in the sample region.

Similarly, the temperature drop in the confining horizontal metal

walls can be written

IKQn - (Q/A) AXm/km ’ (3)
where Axm<is the heat-flow path length in the metal walls, and km is the
wall conductivity. The heat flux Q/A is the same as in Eq. (2), assuming
that no radial heat flow and no bypass heat flow through the side (verti-
cal) walls of the sample cup. Since km is a function of temperature,

Eq. (3) can ve written separately for the upper and lower metal walls;

however, for the purposes of this analysis, the two regions are combined.

The f£ilm temperature difference is of the same form as the Al''s given
in Fgs. (2) and (3). If surface films are present but of constant and
known thickness, Axf, during the experiment, there is no effect on the
derived sample conductivity or on the associated error. IlHowever, a film
that grows or decays in an unknown way during the course of the measure-

ment introduces an error 1in Axs.

Combining the above expressions, we obtain:

k k kf
or
AT 1 éxm fi%f
g G ) 8
< m I

or, simplifying the notation,
AT 1 _
2 OB g
Q/A k Q/A o

where [AE/(Q/A)O] combines all the fixed resistances. This is of the
form,

vy =ax +b (6)
where a is the slope of tThis linear expression and is the reciprocal of
the sample conductivity. The intercept b combines all other resistances.
In operating the apparatus, Q/A is kept constant and AT is recorded as
/X 1ig varied. If other modes and paths of heat transfer exist within the

the specimen, the thermal resistance will not be a linear function of the
specimen thickness. However, the effect of these other forms of heat
transfer will be reduced as the specimen thickness is decreased. Taus,
the conductivity can be determined from the reciprocal slope evaluated at

zero specimen thickness.
Another approach to the determination of the sample conductivity can
be obtained by rearranging Fg. (6) as:

k = = (()

Agaln, 1f other modes and paths of heat transfer exist within the specimen,
the value of conductivity obtained from Fg. (7) will be the effective
value which will approach the true value only as the specimen thickness

approaches zerc.

Iiffect of radiation

Many investigators consider'only the radiation emitted by the wall
surfaces when evaluating the heat transfer through a medium separating the
walls. This assumption may be correct when the medium is a gas whose mean
absorption coefficient k is small and whose mean refraction index 1 is
near unity. Many media, however, absorb and emit significant amounts of
radiation. This internal radiation can contribute more to the heat trans-
fer from wall to wall than the radiation emitted by the wall surfaces.
Indeed, even at room.temperature; the heat transferred by radiation can
approacn 5% of that transferred by conduction in some organic fluids whose

specimen thickness is as small as 0.1 cm.

If some simplifying assumptions are made, an expression for the
radiant heat tranzfer can be derived. These assumptions are the existence
of a constant temperature gradient within the medium and the use of mean

values n and & independent of wavelength. The following equation was

617

- 1 ~ - 1 e 3
derived by Poltyz for the radiant heat flux:

I:

——— Ao

Q 16 1° 5 AT
— e O T (w) Y, (8)
A 30K X
10

where

1 1 — exp [~(t/v)]
(2 — ¢) j ve dv
T ol + (L —¢) exp [~(t/v)]

and
T = optical thickness of the medium = k/X,
T = average medium temperature, °K,
€ = emissivity of the wall surface,
T L -12 —2 o -4
o = Stefan-Boltzwann constant, 5.71 % 10 Woem © (°K)T%,

v = durmmy lntegration variable.

In Fig. 2, where Y is plotted as a function of r for various values
of ¢, the curve for e = O represents the hypothetical case in wnich the
radiation heat transfer between the walls is accomplished solely by the
inner radiation within the medium. The distance between the curve for

¢ = 0 and one of the upper curves (the appropriate plate emissivity

ORNL—-DWG 72-10524

08 — o

o
o

Y, FUNCTION

O
I

0.2 0.5 1 2 o) 10 20
T,0PTICAL THICKNESS

Fig. 2. Radiative function (Y) vs plate emittance and optical thick~
ness of the specimen.
11

curve) represents the contribution of the radiation emitted by the wall

surfaces to the total radiated heat flow from wall to wall.

Rguation (8) can be combined with the previously derived Eq. (9)
to obtain an expression for the total thermal resistance across a medium
separated by two parallel walls when the heat is being transferred simul-

taneously by conduction and radiation. That is,

Nk : 1 alk
—_— = L+ | — . (9)
™ ]A6 ?fd M3
/A \k + = o1/ 0/ 7,
In the limiting case where the optical thickness 71 approaches zero (i.e.,
very small infrared-absorbing medium),
3 ~
T e T Ref. 16
YT“&U N CI‘ ( ) ?
wnere
1 1 1 e
I U :
El 62 o - e
for
Thus, Ba. (9) simplifies to
AT _ , 1 Al
— (k + b n® €. 0 T Am) K+ -~:) . (lO)
Q/A Q/A

Figure 3 is a plot of the thermal resistance as a function of speci~
men thickness for varicus values of the absorptivity coefficient for a

specimen assumed to have a k = 0.003% W et (”C)*l, n=1.5, € a1l = 0.5,

and T = 10C0°C. TFor these values of conductivity and temperature,

the percentage of heat transferred by radiation is quite large. As the

sbszorption coefficient x decreases from gk = « (pure conduction) to g = O,
the percentage of radiated heal increases to a maximum at about ¢ = 2 and

~.

decreases until ¥ = 0. Within the interval o« > g > O these curves have
12

ORNL --DWG 72-140525

L T | —
7 = 1000 °C | Vi | | kmO =]
56 e =05 —t ! % /ir —
7 =0.0034 Wem™!oC™’ | 100 <
g (}8 .....
QO
o
o
540
L)
2
L 32 e e S O
2]
Lut
o 24
EIJ
P
WG 16
I i ‘
- . | |
8 <l ey : N
J | |
0 0.05 040 1 020 025 030 035 040

0.45
SPECIMEN THICKNESS {(cm)

Fig. 3. 'Thermal resistance of an infrared absorbing fluid having
assumed properties at various values of absorptivity, « (em™') vs specimen
thickness.

an inflection point producing what could be described as '"lazy S" curves.
Also shown in Fig. 3 is the recistance curve for a gas whose absorptivily
is near zero and whose index of refraction is near one. If the optical
properties of a specimen are known, Eq. (9) can be fitted to the experi-
mental data to obtain the slope (and thus the conductivity) at a specimen
thickness approaching zero; however, the mean optical properties must be
used and the temperature gradient within the specimen must be nearly

linear.

Fffect of natural convection

Under ideal conditions, no natural convectioan would be expected in a
fluid enclosed between two horizontal, parallel plates with one-dimensional
downward heat flow. In the real situation, however, small departures from
the ideal conditions can initiate and sustain convection currents within
the fluid. If the plates are not horizontal or parallel or if a tempera-

ture gradient exists in the horizontal direction, convection cells can
13

oceur. If, in addition, the vertical temperature distribution within the
specimen is not linear, but distorted by interfluld infrared apsorption,
the natural convection can be enhanced. Finally, vibrations, especially
those 1n resonance with the natural frequency of the enclosed fiuid, can

induce and enhance natural convection.

In order to initiate and sugtain buoyancy convection cells within
enclosed spaces, certain instability criteria must be satisfied. Raylelgh
was one of the first investigators to recognize that the instability
criterion could be related to certain limiting values of the dimensionless

modull NRa known as the Rayleigh number, which is

gp” 8 AT /x” Co b
P N — A
o, = Ny N = - ) (11)
& W s
o
where
.. .. " . 2
¢ = local acceleration due to gravity, cm/sec

. . , S S
¢ = dimensional constant = 1.0 g cm dyne ~ -sec

o = density of fluld, g/em”,

U = viscosity, cP,

x = gap distance, cum,

k¥ = thermal conductlvity, W oem (Pe)™,
C

= (specific) heat at constant pressure, cal g™+ (°C)™t,

8 = coefficient of bulk exzpansion, (°C)7*

The Rayleigh number, in essence, 1s the ratio of the product of the
buoyancy and inertial forces to the viscous forces. The limiting value
of the Rayleigh number to initiate and sustain convection cells has been
caleculated to be 1700 when the fluid layer is bound on both sides by
s0lid parallel and horizontal walls and is heated from velow. ® Recent
experimental studles by Norden ahd Usmanovl9 using an interferometer
technique show, however, that the departure from conductive to convective
mode of heat transfer can occur at NRa < 1700 for small specimen thick-
nesses.

Figure 4 shows a portion of the data taken from the above experi-
mental studies in which the critical temperature difference, AEC (the

temperature difference above which convection occurs), is plotted as a
ORNL-DWG 72-10526

RATURE DIFFERENCE

,_
=
o

AT,, CRITICAL TEMP

,,,,,,

o RN

1072 2 5 1071 2
SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cin)

5 10!

Fig, 4. Critical temperature above which convection occurs as a
function of specimen thickness for three liguids showing the departure
from theoretical criteria, NRa = 1700.

function of the specimen thickness for three liguids: eithylene glycol,
water, and ethyl alcchol. Also shown plotted are the curves for the
theoretical values of NRa = 1700. 'The area below each of the curves
plotted in Fig. 4 is stable (i.e., conduction only) and above the curves
Is unstable (i.e., convection occurs). ‘he experimental data can be
seen to have two linear slopes (n = 0.45 and 2.0) which merge with the

theoretical curve (n = 3) where

n
AN A = constant
15

The Nfiz = 1700 criteria could lead to a grogs overestimate of AEO for

=

smallhspecimen thicknesses.

Heat-transfer measurements made during Norden and Usmanov?'s studies
showed the ratio of the effective conductivity to the true conductivity
for water to be 1.10 at a specimen thickness of 0.1% cm and an‘Nfia of
only 260. Thus, considerable care must be exercised to prevent natural
convection in fluids contained between parallel plates heated from below
as well as inclined, cylindrical, and spherical annuli heated from either

side.

e s N : ; A o)

A similar experimental study by Berkovsky and Fertmar®® was made
recently in which the specimen was heated from above and had a non-
uniform upper plate temperature distribution. This study showed that
when the nonuniformity of the temperature (T — T ) exceeded a certain

- max min
value with respect to the lower plate tewperature Tv’ no convection
{

occurred. It was found that if

T — T

max min
1,

T - T

max 0

no significant convection oceurs at a Rayleigh number of less than 10%.

No experimental results are reported for the amount of convection
taking place when the specimen is heated from above and the plates are
not exactly parallel or are slightly tilted. If we consider this case
analogous to The Berkovsky and Fertman study, convection would be avoided
at an NRa
the horizontal layer did not exceed that of the average AT across the

of less than 10% if the AT of the tilted layer above that of

plates. ©OGince Al &= Ax, the difference in the edge-to-edge separation
digtance between the plates with respect to each other, or with respect

to the horizontal, should not exceed their average separation distance.

To minimize convection due to vibrations, the conduction cell should
be well isolated from all sources of vibrations, particularly those with-

in the resonance frequency of the cell.
Effect of heat shunting

Some shunting of heat around the specimen 1s unavoidable even for
The most carefully designed thermal conductivity cells. The percent of
shunted heat as compared to heal flow through the specimen can be min-
imized by careful use of lnsulating materials, by guard heating, by using
large cell diameter to thnickness ratios, and by using zoned heal sourcesg
and sinks. The shunting problems becomes most acute for low-conductivity

cspecimens at elevated temperatures.

The apparatus described in the present report is designed to mini-
mize the shunting error with specimens having estimated thermal) conduc-
tivities in the range of 0.05 to 0.10 W em™ (°C)™*. The cell wall
thickness and the ratio of cell diameter to sample thickness are
optimized to reduce the heat shunted to less than 1% of the total heat
flow in the absence of heat guards. Unfortunately, the conductivities
of the salts of interest to the MSBR program were found to be an order
of magnitude lower than the range for which the apparatus was designed.
As a result, the radial guard heating was not adequate in a few cases to

prevent some heat shunting, and corrections were reqguired.

Figure 1 shows the complexity of the possible heat-transfer modes
and paths within the conductivity cell. Since neither the temperature
distribution along the cell wall nor the heat-transfer coefficients are
well known, the simplified model shown in Fig. 5 was selected as an
appropriate model for calculating the amount ©f heat shunting in the

system.

ORNL- DWG 72-10527

7 ;
;’/,:

7 NN 2
7 N} 77, REGION I
N Czzzz22%. "7 [ ecion i
’4/ : | 1

////'/ //////// 77 /f/,Ufiz///,/,; g //////?////{/// 7

=0

MODEL

Fig. 5. Model of the conductivity cell for heat shunting calcula-
tion.
17

By assuming =2 uniform heat flux and a uniform sink and wall temper-
ature equal to 0°C, an easy solution for the center-~line heat flux may
be obtained from the generalized heat conduction equation [Eg. (12)].
The radial heat-transfer coefficient Uz may then be decreased to account

for the guard heating.

The temperature distribultion within the cylindrical solid can be
18

described by the general heat conduction equation,

A%T 13T T
o — =0 (12)
3T r or D7z

where T is the temperature (°C) and r and 2z are the radial and axial
coordinates (cm) measured as shown in Fig. 5. Dividing the model into

O

two regilons, the boundary conditions for either region can be written:

) T (r,0)
k' ——— = - (13)
A7

3T {(r,I)
F} ’ : )
Fom——— Y ) Y €5 7 I B (1h)
A%

3T(R,2)
K e = -G, [T(R,2) ], (15)
AT

where k' is the conductivity [W em™ (°C)™%] of the cylindrical solid with-
in the region, L is the thickness of the solid (em), R is the radius (em),
C is a constant, and Uy and Uy are the axial and radial overall heat-
transfer coefficients respectively.

The solution of Iiq. (12) for the ratio of the axial center-]line heat

fluxes entering and leaving region I, using the above boundary conditions,

N
18

Q/8(0,0 2a_ Jy(a ) a L a L
Po= /40,0) - 2 = X | cosh —— — D, sinh 2}, (16)

T Q/A(0,1) ' = (N 4+ a‘;l) Jf)(an) R R
18

where

[, sin :
N, sinh (anL/R) +a

cosh (anL/R)

n .
N, cosh (anL/R) +a,

and an are the roots of

sinh (anL/R)

anJi(an) «»NéJo(an) =0 (1.8)
and
Ry RU,
o= = Mo = = (19)
k k

There is a similar equation for FII'

The neat-transfer coefficients h and U; were calculated assuming

series and parallel paths of all three heat-transfer modes (convection,

conduction, and radiation). The ratio ¥

region I to the heal flux Jleaving region

of the heat flux entering

T was calculated as

F =¥ _ F__ . 2
T T (20)
To account for various degrees of guard heating a factor G was
defined as
q = heater wall , (21)
Lheauer l51nk
such that
RGUS
N (22)
1{I

Plots of the percentage of heat shunted around the specimen, 1 — F

2

vs the specimen thickness, Ax, Tor various specimen conductivities as

determined by a computer solution of Eq.
for temperature levels of 300 and 900°C,
plots assume partial guard heating; G =
curves assume the specimen to be transpa
the wall emissivities

to be C.5. From t

(16) are shown in Figs. 6 and 7

respectively. Both of these

0.5 was employed. The dashed
rent to infrared radiation and

hese plots, 1t can be seen that

the amount of heat shunted around the specimen can approach lOO% for

large /Ax and very small specimen conduct

ivities. 1In our conductivity
19

2 ORNL ~DWG 72-10528
10 :
|
I R B ¥ L
/’/ g
// 4
- 3 // "
e e e o I R A An-A-;- O-'O--- ramnan .--— ——— o] Ao poeanh  Amegen | —— L e -‘: yll /-'u— 42!-—
[®] 2 - 7 / :
Q E 7 VLWL :
” | ) /v
N 4 - 2/ /‘av
L0 == ==~ — WITH RADIATION (¢ = 0.5) S
~ I CONDUCTION ONLY y/2N A
o ; i ViAW 4
Z 5 ‘ / VA 4
& 0.0005 Z / // // /
: _.///
- L] /
| g4 /1 / /
. o 7/ /0.0005 / / Y,
O / g
)
(]
!
O
2 10
(&)
vl
L)
[ 8
5
2
—1
10
~3 -2 ~1 0O
10 2 5 10 2 5 10 2 5 10

AX, SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)
Fig. 6. Percent of heat shunted around specimen vs specimen thick-

ness for various specimen conductivities with and without radiative heat
transfer at 300°C for G = 0.5.

measurements, the guard heating factor ¢ was near zero and a specimen

thickness of <0.] cm was used in determining the conductivity.

Method of calculation

In the variable~gap technigue, the thermal conductivity coefficient
can ve determined (1) from the reciprocal slope of the total thermal

resistance across the specimen (including metal walls, deposits, etec.)
20

» CRNL - DWG 72-40529
0" RO A B DA 0 O s i T
AN Y AT 0 A
- 1 et T it
Sifiij - == — WITH RADIATION (e = 0.5) T p
CONDUCTION ONLY 1
o
e 2
k.4
El: L.... [ nu/.r_ _—__..: 0-..4-.-—- .-L.J..
-
— A0 b
(o]
I — —
'.,
R e BEE
» 5
E‘ L L.
L1}
i I
L
(@]
2 NS SR R U B S !
> /|
s ( 0.0005
< !
e T
& 10°
o — #
e I‘
P/ /
L
5 L /
ra -
/ rzLfl‘"
....«7 N T A S B N A R I O R AR A H— T
2 / SO NP fi #_t s R BN S S
10-‘ / } _________________________ i } l \ ; ! } } l_,

1073 ) 5 1072 ) 5 107" 2 5 10°
AX, SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)

Fig. 7. Percent of heat shunted around specimen vs specimen thick-
ness for various specimen conductivities with and without radiative heat
transfer at 900°C for G = 0.5.

as a function of specimen thickness as it approaches zero or (2) from
the effective conductivity as the specimen thnickness approacnes zero.
Except for a few spof checks, method (1) was used to reduce the data

in this report. The thermal resistance is calculated from the measured

o ! .
heat flux Q'/A and from the measured temperature difference, where

Q' AETV

A TD”
and

!

I = heater current, amps,

V = heater voltage, V,
D = diameter of upper heater plate, cm,

*
E = ratio of effective to total heater wire length.

The heat flux Q/A ig obtained from the measured heat flux by correcting
for the heat shunting. If the guard heating factor G [see Eq. (21)] is
greater than about 0.01, a heat shunting factor ¥ is interpolated from
the plots of 1L = F vs ax (Figs. 6 and 7) obtained from computer solutions
of Eq. (16). From these solutions, the percentage of shunted heat,

1 = F, is found to te very nearly proportional to " Thus, the heat
shunting factor for any degree of guard heating is calculated using the

results from only one heat shunting factor at G = 0.5:

_ = (/0,508 _ _ -
(L =7), = (6/0.5)°° (1 =F)y o5 (23)
The heat flux is then calculated as §/A = F (Q'/A) and the total thermal

resistance is AT/(Q/A), where AT is the previously defined total temper-

ature difference across the specimen.

The total thermal resistance is then plotted as a function of the
specimen thickness for a given specimen temperature. The specimen temper-
ature is defined as the average of the upper and lower plate temperature
and both the specimen temperature and the measured heat flux are keot
nearly constant as the specimen thickness is varied (see Experimental

Procedures ).

Three methods were used to determine the slope of the resistance
curve at M = O. First, visual inspection of the curve gave good results
when the data were smooth and the resistance curve was linear. Second,
when the curve was not linear, numerical finite-difference techniques
were used to obtain the slope at Ax = 0. In the third method the data

were fitted to Eg. (9) [or Eg. (10) if k = 0] if adequate information of

the optical properties of the specimen were known.

*The total wire length between voltage taps includes two 0.875-in.-
long lead wires.
22

Meost of the data reported in this study were analyzed by visual in-
spection or the third method mentioned above. The data were fitted to

Eq. (9) in fhe following way. The fixed resistance,

ér_[l._.. )

(Q/A o
is found by extrapolating the thermal resistance vs Ax to Ax = O; the
plate emissivities are determined by carrying out the experimental pro-
cedure with the conductivity cell evacuated; and the index of refraction
is taken from the literature, an average n over the range of Infrared-
wavelengths. From an estimate of the conductivity by visual inspection
of the data for /s < 0.1, the absorptivity, E, can then be found from
fitting Eq. (9) to the larger values of Ax. Using these values of the
fixed resistance, the plate emissivities, the average index of refraction,
and the calculated absorptivity, the thermal conductivity is determined

by the best fit of the data over the complete range of Ax.

3.  EXPERIMENTAT, APPARATUS

The design and construction of the apparatus and auxiliary equipment
are discussed here. The description of the thermal conductivity cell
itself is sufficiently complete To permit duplication; however, cnly
unusual auxiliary equipment is discussed in detail. Additional details

and illustrations are given in Appendix A.

The complete system can be considered to consist of four parts:
the thermal conductivity cell, the furnace, the electrical system, and
the instrument network. The connections and relationships betwecn the
various components are shown schematically in Fig. 8. Photographs of

the apparatus are shown in Figs. O and 10.

Thermal Conductivity Cell

The thermal conductivity cell is shown in Fig. 11 and in detail in
Figs. A-1 and A-2 in Appendix A. The cell is made up of two components:

the cylindrical-shaped component; which consists of a sink and the radial
QRANL-OWG 72 -10530
COOLING
S LA e AR
SOTAMETER COOLING WATER
CO OO P
—
HONEYWELL OOOBEO
"Jz‘-ulh‘;! O
F\L_J,:;—-J 009 yvpe k50
0 ——100—1300 POTENTIOMETER TEST VESSEL
= = i AND FURNACE
- FACILITY
— GAS
. CYLINGE
-~ LINGER |
i
2-PEN CHART RECORDER
.I. i HELIUM, ARGON
CUNNINGHAM
S
8831 ;
o o (ONONS] Hg\
ICE BATH
CROSSBAR SCANNER 7ONE . o, © O O
CONTROL : O O
ViDAR — “ @
-6.52242 o]
: c o I VACUUM STATION
DC DIGITAL
VOLTMETER SHUNT\(
— KEPCO —
R O
{COARSE} et ? [ —— KEFCO
| &5
FLUKE VARIAC
° © ©) )
(Five) ' o O o REGULATED OC
‘ 0 VOLTAGE SUPPLY
AC AC DIGITAL R N AUTOMATIC
- VOLTMETER ° FAUS
HEATER INPUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
CONTROL
Fig. 8. ©Schematic illustration of the complete system for thermal
conductivity measurements.

PS
Fig. 9.

Photograph of the apparatus, front view.

PHOTO LLkL8-72

Lt
PHOTO Luh7-72

Fig. 10. Photograph of the apparatus, side view.

G2
26

. ORNL-DWG 72— 40532R

_DIAL INDICATOR

VARIABLE GAP ADJUSTMENT

VITON O-RING
FUSED QUARTZ ROD

BELLOWS
INSULATION

LY

A%%?W%y

R 7777 7 e

y

FURNACE \‘—

A AT

L

LiIQUID LEVEL\

| TOP HEATER
/ RADIAL HEATERS

ST /ITSS IS IS,

\
NN T 77 777 777 777 7 7 777 72

M

A
1N

14
227X

,
4
4
A
4
4

MAIN HEATER

x THERMOCOUPLES g

FURNACE LINING /§
h—

|

i

/ |

//

VARIABLE GAP

SINK COOLER

L L 7 7 7 777 777 7 77 7 R 7 777 77,

AIR SINK HEATER

——
y A
SNNNNNYV AP P77 7777 T AT T 77

SO NN

ANNANNNNNNNNNN\\\AAesrrs

Fig. 11. Schematic cross section of the conductivity cell.
27

heaters and contains the salt, and the piston-shaped component, which is
mobile in the vertical direction and contains the main heater and the

guard heater assemblies.

The cylinderical component was machined from three pisces of stain-
less steel tyope 304 and welded together ag shown. The lower section,
which contains the molten salt, bas holes drilled through the component
for cooling air passages, and a sink heater which is a 1/8~in.—diam
Calrod sheath~type element pressed into grooves wmachined in the lower
section. Similar heaters are placed around the cylinder at the level
of the salt for the radial guard heaters. Figure 12 shows the location
and designaticons of the thermocouples and heaters. Several dimensions
of the cylinder component are maintained in close tolerances to insure
that the specimen thickness is uniform across the diameter (Fig. A-1).
The cylinder is gbout % in. oD x 3.5 in. ID, and 12 in. long. The
firnal machining of these surfaces was made after the entire cylinder

had bveen dimensionally stabilizea by heat treatment.

The mobille piston component containing the main heater assembly is
snown in detail in Fig. A-2 in Appendix A. The main heater is con-
structed with 10-mil Pt—10% Rh wife, wound, embedded, and buried in a
high-density Al,0; insulator. A duplicate heater, the main guard heater,
sits above the main heater. Beltween these two heaters ig a 1/16Min. gap
contalning three platinum-foll radiation shields. The temperature across
this gap is monitored by two thermocouples and balanced with the guard
heater to prevent axial heat Joss. A gold foll provides high conteact
conductance between the main heater and the bottom of the piston con-
tainer. All the electrical wiring, the platinum wire, and the thermo-
couples extend through a hollow rod connecting the piston with the upper
plate and support. A flexible vellows welded to the piston rod and the
upper flange allows mobility of the piston while providing a vacuum
tight seal. The vertical movement of the piston is adjusted by a threaded
nut whose microthreads are precision machined. The vertical movement of
the piston is measured with a dial indicator connected to the vocttom of
the piston with a fused quartz rod to minimize the effect of thermal

expansion. Several dimensions of the mobile piston component are also
28

ORNL-DWG 72-10531

- 7

; VA A ) A/ .

7 2

T TS

\\\\\\\

NNNNNNN

AN D ANNNNNRNAN

77 W, W/ e/l 2

Position of thermocouples and heaters.

Fig. 12.
29

maintained in close tolerances (See Fig. A-2). The specifications of
these toleranceg insure that the parallelism of the two plate surfaces
does not vary by more than 0.005 in. This tolerance was measured In situ
by placing a ball bearing in the gap of the specimen, rotating the
apparatus in an inclined position, and measuring the variation in the gap
setting with The dial indicator. A typical plot of this variation around
the edge of the cell is shown in Fig. 13. The maximum edge~to-edge varia-

tion of the thickness in this casge of 0.C0017 in. demonstrates excellent

conformity to the 0.005-in. tolerance.

The test cell described here and in considerably more detaill in
Appendix A is the final design (Model III-B) of the conductivity cell.
Several modifications were made in the course of the development of this
apparatus. The notation, description, and chronological appearance of

these modifications are listed in Tavle 1.

The locations of the thermocouples used in the conductivity cell are
shown in Fig. 12. Initially, the thermocouples were l/l6flin.—OD sheathed
Chromel -Alumel thermocouples; later Pt vs Pt—10% Rh thermocouples were
used. Thermocouples 1, 2, %, and 6 are arc welded to the bottom of their
respective thermal wells To insure that they‘remain fixed during the

measurementcs .

ORNL-DWG 72-10533

2 }
i
T N VUSROS SO - SN U -
| 2 Pts ] )
- [ ]
E
» 0O b N -
©
2 :
= 2 Pts
o
s 3 3 3
!
-1
-2
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 345 360

ANGLE, ROTATED CLOCKWISE (deg)

Fig. 13. Variation in the gap thickness around the circumference
of the conductivity cell.
30

Table 1. Cell modifications

Model

Heater assemblya

Cylinder Thermocouples

I-A

II-A

I1-8B

III-B

Thick one-piece
heater core;
D = 8.572 cm,
E = 0.969

Thinner two-piece
heater core with
1/32-in. air gap
between main and
guard heaters;

E = 0.971

"

New heater with
1/16-in. air gap
with three Pt
foil baffles;

E = 0.966

Original cylinder 1/16-in.-0D SS-sheathed,
Chromel-Alumel grounded
Junctions, MgO in-
sulation

Original cylinder 1/16-in.-0D SS-sheathed,
Pt vs Pt-10% Rh un-
grounded junctiouns, MgO
insulation

Wall of the original
cylinder was under-
cut and grooved to
reduce heat flow
down the wall; TC 9
added

a. . J_ .. (=) > o4
D = diameter of heater assembly and E = ratio of effective-to-total
heater wire length, where the total wire length between t

he voltage taps

includes two 0.875-in.-long lead wires.

Furnace

The furnace consists of two 6-in.-ID X 8-in.-long individually corn-

trolled clamshell heaters of the embedded wire type. The annular space

between the heater and the 12.5-in.-0D water-cooled furnace shell was

filled with Fiberfrax insulation. This furnace is capable of raising the

ambient temperature of the molten salt to 1000°C.

Electrical System

The heater clectrical system is diagrammed in Fig. 14%. 'The ac supply

voltages to the sink, guard, and furnace heaters are regulated with 2
31

FLUKE AC
DIGITAL. VOLTMETER

|

ROTARY
Sw
VARIAC AUTOMATIC 20-A VARIAC
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (COURSE ADJ)
I -
T [ i | |
Q2 2 | |
[ 0-10 A
l ol | ‘ -t ‘ P (Y
Hsvac | 2 1 Pt § 0,
| pa l t
[ | | 0-150V
J ! t 1 v
L. J | SR | .

<<
<X GUARD HEATER
= 1

CRNL-DWG 72-10534

R

NO

S I - TYPICAL FOR:
| , | GUARD HEATERS 1,2 AND 3,
| | e FURNACE HEATER 1 AND 2,
| l m— oy AND SINK HEATER
| 1 T 10 A
| g‘ L10-a vaRiac FiL TRANS
EINE A
............. *"-—JP | { DJ)
| G BN |
o
VARIAC AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
e
[} 1 ot
? ]
L [ 1 |
! | KEPCO DC N VIDAR
15 v ac | ¢ } VOLTAGE g%?g; DIGITAL
: =l SUPPLY - voLTMETER
{ | F | ‘
B 3 N !
=
= 7o
=< HEATER
NI N =
[/'\ A‘\
™. AT
KEPCO DC
VOLTAGE L AKD N N
SUPPLY » PRECISION
0.4 £ SHUNT MAIN
2 HEATER
<=
Fig. 14. Diagram for electrical heater system.

Variac automatic voltage regulator.

The voltage through each of the

heaters is adjusted by two Variacs, coarse and fine, and by a filament

transformer.

with the addition of 6 V of increased sensitivity (0.038 V).

ac digital voltmeter

The fine adjustment extends the coarse Variac setting

A Fluke

is used for setting and reading the voltages.

Two Kepco de voltage supplies provide the electrical power to the

main and top guard heaters.

is also regulated by the Variac avtomatic voltage regulator.

The supply voltage to the two Kepco units

The power
to the main heater is determined from measurements of the voltage and

the current with a Vidar digital microvoltmeter and a Leeds and Northrup

precision resistor. Specifications of these instruments are given in

Table A-1 in Appendix A.

Instrumentation

The thermocouple circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 15. The tem-

perature measurements are made with grounded 1/16-in.-0D Chromel-Alumel

ORNL-DWG 72— 10535

VIDAR DIGITA L &N
ITAL MODEL K-5
VOLTME TER
POTENTIOMETER
ROTARY ROTARY ROTARY
SW SW SW_ |-
HONEYWELL
2-PEN CROSSBAR e
RECORDER SCANNER L "L_ l
|: ] :
- e “'lisff:f"“ I I RRRE
| el L S
L&N DC U DU
50 mV MICROVOLT — \\{.’— -
SUPPRESSOR AMPLIFIER - =N =
ICE BATH:

COL.D JUNCTION
AND ZONE BOX

e — 0010 Pt WIRE
e e 0,010 Pt ~P1 10 % Rh WIRE
e ——— 0.020 Pt WIRE

............ 0.020 Pt —Pt 10 % Rh WIRE
———— PURE Cu WIRE

Fig. 15. "Thermocouple circuit diagram.
thermocouples or with ungrounded l/la-in.—OD Pt vs Pt—10% Rh thermo-
couples; both are sheathed in 304 type stainless steel. Tead wires from
cach thermocouple are joined by arc welding to high-purity copper cir-
cultry wire. To minimize and cancel extraneous thermal emf's, each of
these jJunctions is contained in a mineral-~oil-filled glass tube inserted
In a hole drilled into a high-purity copper block, 3 X 2 in. diameter,
and the whole asgembly is immersed in a distilled water ice bath. Low

thermal emf holder is used in other circuiitry junctions.

Fach thermocouple emf can be read by either a Vidar digital micro-
voltmeter, a Honeywell pen recorder, or a Leeds and Northrup K-5 potenti-
ometer facility. The spvecifications of these instruments are given in

Table A-1, Appendix A.

., FXPERIMENTATL, PROCEDURES

Preliminary Procedures

The conductivity cell surfaces are cleaned with detergent, rinsed
with demineralized water, and dried with filtered air. After use, the
corrosion products are removed by polishing with rotary stainless steel
brushes, 600-grit cloth, and crocus cloth to restore the surfaces. In
assembling the apparatus, the parallelism of the plates is checked for
the specified tolerance (0.005 in.), and the thermocouple readings at
room temperature mateh within <0.2pV. The purity of the specimens
used in the determinations meet the ACS specifications for reagent-grade
chemicals: 99.99?% pure argon, 99.995% pure helium, doubly delonized and
triple distilled water, triple distilled mercury, and reagent-grade KNOs,

NaNO,, and NaNO; salts dried in vacuum.

The specimen is introduced into the cell, the apparatus leveled and
leak Tested with a helium leak detector. The system is then outgassed by
heating overnight at about 150°C. Voids in the specimen are removed by
alternately increasing and decreasing the specimen thickness after it has
been melted under vacuum. For liquid and solid samples, an argon cover

.

gas 1s introduced into the cell at slightly above atmospheric pressure.
3

Operating Procedure - Fluid Specimen

The furnace heat is applied to the system to reach the desired tem-
perature level. The main heater is adjusted to obtain the required heat
flux through the specimen (0.02 to 0.7 W ecm ?), and the guard heaters are
adjusted to maintain a close temperature balance between thermcouples
three and five (< 20.5°C) and thermocouples three and four (< il°C)* to
minimize heat losses (see Fig. 12). After steady-state conditions are
reached, the measurements are recorded; the criterion for the steady-
state condition is a temperature drift of less than l°C/hr. Recordings
are made of all thermocouple readings, air flow rate in the cooling sink,
dial indicator reading, and voltages and currents from power panelmeters
and digital voltmeters at each gap distance. The gap is then changed,
steady-state conditions are reestablished, and the recordings repeated.

A number of gap spacings are used (0O to O.4 cm) depending on the linearity
of the data. The heat flux and average specimen temperature are kept con-
stant for each gap spacing (> $0.005 W em™®, > +1°C).

The above procedure is repeated for each specimen temperature level.

Operating Procedure — Solid Specimen

If the measurements are made with the specimen in the solid state,
the specimen is melted before each gap spacing is selected, and then the

gap spacing is fixed by cooling the specimen to the desired temperature.

5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The experimental results from this study dewonstrate the successful
development of the variable-gap technique for the measurements of molten-
salt thermal conductivities. Concurrently with the development of the
method, we measured conductivities of several molten fluoride salt mix-

tures which will be precented in a subsequent report.

_X,.
In some cases the radial guard heating was inadequate to reduce the

radial AT to < x1°C, and a correction for heat shunting was necessary
(Chapter 2).
L
i

The thermal conductivities of five materials were determined over a
temperature range from 38 to O46°C for a total of 31 series of measure-
ments. Argon, helium, water, HTS,* and mercury were selected to calibrate
the apparatus because thelr conductivities are well established and cover
a wide vange of values: 0.4 X 107° to 100 x 107° W em ™ (°C)™*. The con-
ductivity of HTS is not as well established a value as those of the other
substances. However, HTS can be heated to temperatures required to melt
the fluoride salt mixtures. WNearly 350 measurements were made of the
thermal resistance as a function of specimen thickness to obtain the 31
determinations of conductivity. In addition, another 50 measurements of
resistance vs thickness were made with the system evacuated to evaluate

the surface emissivities.

The original and reduced data are presented in Tables B~1 to B-22
in Appendix B. 'The data were reduced as indicated In the method of cal-
culation in Chapter 2. 'The total thermal resistance is plotted as a
function of the specimen thickness, and the thermal conductivity is deter-

mined from the reciprocal sglope as the specimen thickness approaches zero.

Thermal Resgistance Curves

Several representative plots of total thermal resistance as a func-
tion of specimen thickness are shown in Figs. 16 to 20. At the lower
temperature the thermal resistance 1s a linear function, asg shown in
Figs. 16 and 17 for mercury at 60.8°C and HTS at 197°C. At the higher
temperatures, the influence of infrared radiation on the heat transfer
can be seen by the curvature of the resistance curve for HIS and argon

at 526°C and helium at 9k6°C (Figs. 18 to 20).

The fixed thermal resistance of the conductivity cell,

AT

—————

a/b /s

varies from 5 Tor mercury to 30 for argon. Model changes in the main

<2

*
TS - I{NOQ "‘NaNOZ “N&NOS (J—l-ll-"l-l-g"' 7 mole %) N
36

ORNL—-DWG 72-10536

0.4

12
{‘10
= e
O /M

L e S e RN SRR T L
NE M
y /’f"‘r’afl
= 1 _ 1 o
L - & SLOPE 0.0932 W cm C
g 5 L i N [ ...................
l...
.(.}2 ./
w =
l
x
S, 4 TS - e —
P=e
>
0
[VE]
I
E o2 by L SN I

0]

O 0 0.2 0.3
SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)
Fig. 16. Total thermal resistance vs specimen thickness of mercury

at 60.8°C (Run 2, Apparatus I-A).

ORNL~-DWG 72-10537

0.4

120
T | |
= 100 fi _ — |
Y i /’
NE ! ’f
! so ----— b i— .+ L. "rlf’/
S "
= ed
5 " R n/ —_ 4 “_.. —10 ‘,
2 60 - . k= s ger = 0.0047, W emfoC
wt Af"’/ |
@ !
I 40 /: -
§ 4" :
x /’ |
J e i
. ..0/ l
T 20 et —— : —————— —
|
0 |
0 (O 0.2 0.3
SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)
Fig. 17. '"Total thermal resistance vs specimen thickness of HTS at

197°C (Run 10, Apparatus I-A).
ORNL--DWG 72-- 10538

140 |

120 o s —
T | .
= | \ :
06 s e o RIS g
NE : ‘
:i / /
w 80 Fe 4 — S o S —— R i
=4 ™
.Z‘i o
o /0/ |
o 4 .
3 TEQ 9 WITH: €,=0.25; 5 =1.4; K=1{2;
Zoan o le®® L - A=00032, W em~i°C—-4;AND .
a
e AT /lo/a)=22.9°C cm? W
[N

o]
(o] (O] 0.2 0.3 0.4

SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)

Fig. 18. Total thermal resistance vs specimen thickness of HTS at
526°C (Run 1, Apparatus II-B).

CORNL-DWG 72-10539

320 T

i

_,4,,.,___1__‘.. ‘ - ’10 -
k= S(BPE WO.OOO34'OW cm

L Toll S R e

T
1
b

O

P €,=0.29,7=1.0,
k=0.00034 W cm™ ' °c™!: AND
ATy /(@/A)=29.5 °C cm® W'

200

S
N
o]

THERMAL RESISTANCE (cm2°C W)
>
O

g7]
O

40

6] (O 0.2 0.3 c.4
SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)

Fig. 19. Total thermal resistance vs specimen thickness of argon
at 503°C (Run 1, Apparatus II-B).
28

ORNL-OWG 72-10540

\
A

S
k=3iope

00037, W cm™! °¢™* e

o T IR |
—EQ 10 WITH: €,=0.25; 7 =1.0,

| 4=0.0037 wem ' °c™", AND
{ ATy /(Q/4)=22.4 °C cm® W1
|
[

[&)]
(@]
1

T
.=
|
|

B
(@)
13
[ ] i
.
O‘
.- .”‘\ .
-

THERMAL RESISTANGE (cmS °C W

|
|
|

O 04 0.2 0.3 0.4
SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)

Fig. 20. Total thermal resistance vs specimen thickness of helium
at 9h6°C (Run 2, Apparatus I1I-B).

heater assembly (Table 1) account for most of the variation in fixed
thermal resistance. Model I-A was operated several months at tempera-
tures up to 800°C with fluoride salt mixtures during a time between
mercury and HI'S calibration runs. The Chromel-Alumel thermocouples of
model I-A would be expected to show significant emf drift under these

conditions.

Thermal resistance as a function of gap spacing with the cell
evacuated is shown in Fig. 21 for two temperature levels (200 and 510°C)
and two values of heat flux (0.100 and 0.224 W cm ®)., The values of the
specimen resistance (i.e., total minus fixed resistance) were used for
the evacuated runs. The expected lack of variation of the resistance as
a function of the gap spacing can be seen in the figure. A slight change
in the emissivity of the plate surfaces will account for the small dif-
ference 1In the resistance between the two heat flux values at 20C°C.

The total hemispherical emissivity e, calculated from the thermal resis-
tance using Eq. (10) in Chapter 2 (assuming equal emissivity for the

two plates), varied from O.4 to 0.5.
ORNL -DWG 72-10541

2000 T
7(°C) QAMWem?) e

o 200 0.224 0.40
o 200 0.100 0.45
a 543 0.090 0.50

1600 [ Bg 2.,

=

g.) o O

[<Y]

€

(& ]

— 4200 - — S ) GO —

(14

(&)

z

P

o

S Q

I oL e R

|

[

=

a

Ll

E 400 RO SIS S

A . N
9] -
0 0.1 0.2 0.3

SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)

Fig. 21. Thermal resistance vs gap spacing with the conductivity
cell evacuated.

The inflection in the slope of the resistance curve for HTS at 526°C
(Fig. 18) is similar to those shown in Fig. 3 for small infrared absorbing
materials. The solid curve drawn through the data was derived from
Fq. (9), using the procedure outlined in Chapter 2. A value of n = 1.k

was derived from the Molten Salts Handbook®' for the eutectic composition

of NaNOs;~KNO, (47-53 mole %) at 525°C and the previously measured value
of ¢ = 0.45 was used for the plate emissivities. Incorporating these
values in Bq. (9), a best fit of the experimental data over the entire
range of specimen thicknesses (0 < /&x < 0.3 cm) gave valuegs of the speci-
men conductvity and mean absorbtivity of 3.28 % 107°% W em™ (°C)™* and

12 em™t, respectively.

The thermal resistance curves shown in Figs. 19 and 20 resemble thosge
shown in Fig. 3 for nonabsorbing goses (n = 1, & = 0). Using the pre-
viocusly determined plate emittance, the values of the conductivity were
found from a best fit of the resistance data to Eq. (9) to be 0.3k x 107°
and 3.3 X 107% W em™* (°C)™* for argon and helium at 503 and 9U6°C,

respectively.
Lo

Thermal Conductivity

The experimental results for the thermal conductivity for the dif-
ferent calibration speciments used with the various apparatus models are
presented in Table 2. One value for the conductivity of solid HIS at 120°C
is 14% larger than a published value.® The maximum deviation of the other
results from published values are +9.6% and ~12%. The average of the 18
positive deviations is L4.9%, and the average of the 12 negative deviations

is ~h.49.

6. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS

The accuracy of the results, comparison with previously published

values, and theoretical correlations are discussed in this chapter.

Comparison with Published Values

The values of the conductivity of the substances used to calibrate
the variable-gap apparatus were well established with the exception of
HTS.  Touloukian's recommended values®® for argon and helium and Powell's

23
valuesls'

for water and mercury are representative of accepted con-
ductivities for these materials. Of the two studies on the conductivity
of HI'S, we selected the more recent results of Turnbull® over those of
Vargaftik?é because, as Turnbull points out, Vargaftik's calibration

tests with "Dowtherm A" do not agree with other published wvalues. How-
ever, Turnbull empliloyed the transient-hct-wire technique with its attendant
current-shunting problems {(Chapter 2); consequently, the conductivity of
HTS cannot be regarded to be as well established as that of the other

specimens measured.

The individual deviations between the experimental resulis and the
published values were examined as a function of the specimen type, speci-
men conductivity, specimen temperature, and apparatus model. No obvious

correlation could bhe found.
L1

Table 2. Experimentel results

Thermal conductivity

. . Fun (Wem?t (°¢)™] ) X
Model Specimen No. Tempezéture Fapii,  Titerature Difference Refevence
&) (%)
x 10° % 10°
1~A £ 0 1 5.2 6.7, 6.38 5.2 13
2 51.9 6.71 6.47 3.7 13
3 38.0 6.78 6.30 7.6 13
Hg 1 60.2 83.l 93.2 -10.8 23
7 60.8 934 93.2 0.0 23
HTS 1 307 A.Eh_ 4.30 ~1.4 5
2 308 4.15 4.30 -3.5 9
3 546 3.&5 3.24 6.5 5
b 545 3.3, 3.2k 3.1 5
p) 197 )*'78 4.80 -0, k4 5
6 277 4.u3 4,38 1.1 5
7 5L 3.&7 3.22 7.7 5
8 285 u.eh L.ho 5.5 5
9 199 u.83 4.80 0.6 5
10 198 u.71 %.80 1.9 5
1L 552 3.07 3.21 =Lk 5
12 554 3.48 3.20 8.7 5
II-A He 1 172 2.0, 1.93 6.2 20
2 509 3.0, 3.02 0.7 22
1I-3% He 1 519 2.7, 3.0k -11.2 22
2 9Lé 3Ty h.21 -12.1 2P
Ar 1 503 o.3ho 0.361 -5.8 2P
2 860 o.hg3 0.463 6.5 o0
3 859 o.h-s2 0.463 -2.4 22
Hrs 1 526 3.2g 3.33 -1.5 5
I1I-B He 1 525 3.2 3.07 b2 22
2 527 3-0, 3.07 -2.3 22
3 105 1.9, 1.77 9.6 22
HTS 1 517 3.3, 3.37 ~0.9 5
2 317 h.hg h.26 5zu 5
3 120 6.2T 5.5 14,0 5

Lo

The average deviation of +5% from the published values for the thermal
conductivities is considerably less than expected considering the special-

ized design of the apparatus.

Comparison with Theory

The experimental results for HTS at 526°C (Fig. 18) are an example
test of the theory of Chapter 2 for infrared absorbing materials.
Fquation (9) in conjunction with the values of g, n, e, and k (selected
in the menner previously described) agrees well with the experimental
thermal resistance data over the range of specimen thicknesses examined.
In addition, the inflection point of Eq. (9) and the apparent inflection
point in the thermal resistance data both occur in the vicinity of

x = 0.1 em. Such agreement gives us confidence in the use of Eg. (9)

to represent the thermal resistance data of mildly infrared absorbing
specimens like HTS at 500°C (k = 12 em™*). However, as Poltz ’ points
out, the Kirchoff theory ceases to be valid if the reciprocal of the
absorption coefficient is of the same magnitude as the wavelength in
some regions of the absorption spectrum. Fortunately, when this con-
dition occurs, the thermal resistance is very nearly a linear function

of the specimen thickness.

From a theoretical standpoint, the disruption of the lattice con-
Tinuity by melting should lower the conductivity significantly. 1If we
extrapolate our one result for the conductivity of solid HI'S at 120°C
to the melting point at 142°C by assuming that thermal conductivity is
proportional to the inverse of the absolute temperature k <« l/T (°K)
(according to the Debye phonon-scattering theory), a ratio of the liquid-
to-s0lid thermal conductivity at the melting point is found to be 0.85.
Turnbull®® reports the average ratio of liquid-to-solid conductivities
at the melting point for a large number of salts to be 0.86 + 0.13.
However, Turnbull ‘s reported values for HTS® do not show a discontinuity
at the melting point. Accordingly, our value of the conductivity of
solid HTS, 1L% higher than Turnbull's, appears to be the more reasonable

one.
43

Uncertainties in the Results

A detailed error analysis of the system is given in Appendix C, and

the result of this analysis is shown in Fig. 22. The estimated maximum

and standard error limits in the conductivity measurements using apparabtus

TIT-B are plolted as a function of the specimen conductivity. The effects

of the specimen temperature range (300 to 900°C) and of the degree of
radiation effects (zero to maximum radiation at 900°C) do not contribute

greatly to the error and are shown by the areas included within the small

bands in Fig. 22. It is apparent from the figure that the error is sensi-

tive to the magnitude of the specimen conductivity except at larger values

of the conductivity. Much of the increase 1n error at low values of con-

duetivity results from an increased uncertainty in the measurement of the

change in the specimen thickness. This uncertainty, caused by the thermsal

expansion of the conductivity cell as the guard heating is adjusted, can

be minimized by a dual quartz rod, dial indicator system. Such a system
was not considered necessary for the present apparatus since the conduc-
tivities of the molten fluoride

0.0L W em *(°C)™?.

salts were found to be in the vicinity of

ORNL-DWG 72-10542

‘ T T T TTTT [T T TTTT
20 .“J ........... §§‘fwm" ............. BAND AREAS COVER 300-900°C TEMPERATURE |
- R \\1\ RANGE, WITH OR WITHOUT RADIATIVE HEAT
82 PR TRANSFER
=~ N .
S [ s R
8 10 }-—— o+ N '547'2.’77- RN
o 515 ' T RN AR A
L i [yt L) < ? NYWM
>  § ' h mh&fi AN AHRARRRNN
- P} : 8 | 14 7 7 TIITL;
t} =3 g ® , Afiflffiz?zqué%/ {\;&&\ AN %
2 x | 2 A SRS
g 2 {2]° /fl §§:\S»
& ol =16 7 o L o HTS
G \ v /J;IV R BT A o
S b AES A
o &g&w\»} A He
> NN :
~ ~20 R N N 4 A H,0
RS P :
® i ° Mg
j | ® HTS (SOLID)
_30 1 ‘ | l l
4 ) 3 . -2 -
10 2 5 10 2 5 10 2 5 10
%, SPECIMEN CONDUCTIVITY (Wem™'°c™)
Fig. 22. FEstimated standard and maximum error limits in the con-~

ductivity

with and without radiative heat transfer over 300 to 900°C range.

measurements for Apparatus III-B vs specimen conductivities

shnown are experimental deviations from published values.

Also
Ly

Figure 22 shows also the deviations of each of the experimental re-
sults from the published values. Several points are outside of the
estimated error limits (the conductivity of solid HTS was discussed in
the previous section). Data for water and mercury were obtained using
Apparatus I-A, in which Chromel-Alumel thermocouples were used. Since
the uncertainty of the temperature measured with the Chromel-Alumel
thermocouples is four times of that from Pt vs Pt—10% Rh thermocouples,
The error limits for Apparatus I-A are considerably larger than for TII-B,
especially at the higher specimen conductivities. Excluding these points,
93% of the data lies within the maximum error limits and 687 within

the standard error limits.

Adequacy of the kxperimental Apparatus

The experimental apparatus proved extremely durable despite its
complex design. Model I-A endured 500 hr of operation with a fluoride
salt mixture at temperatures ranging from 500 to 800°C and for 850 hr
with HTS at temperatures from 200 to 500°C before failure of a thermo-
couple required the replacement of the heater assembly. Model II-A
suffered a weld failure in the heater assembly after 1000 hr of opera-
tion with helium and argon at temperatures from 200 to 950°C and 80C hr
with fluoride salt mixtures from 500 to 850°C. Model ITI-B is still in
operating condition after nearly 3000 hr with fluoride salt mixtures at

temperatures from 500 to 960°C.

We previously noted that a duvual quartz-rod dial-indicator system
would be able to account for thermal expansion of the cell in meacsuring
specimen thicknesses at low conductivity. For such measurements, the

upper and lower plate surfaces should be polished to a mirror finish also.

The accuracy and precision of the conductivity values could possibly
be improved by measuring the heat flux departing from the specimen. This
heat flux can be determined by the usuval means of measuring the temper-
ature drop along a well-insulated rod of known conductivity. By meas-
uring botn the heat flux entering and leaving the specimen, the effect

of heat shunting on the determination should be reduced.
(. CONCLUSIONS

Designed ap it is for specialized thermal conductivity measurements
with molten fluoride salt mixtures from 500 to 1000°C, the variable-gap
apparatus has demonstrated remarkable versatility. Ixperimental results
agree with published results within an average deviation of +5% for a wide
variety of specimens (solids, liquids, and gases), specimen conductivities
[0.4 x 107° to 100 % 107 W em > (°C)™ ], and temperature levels (4O to
950°C). In addition, the variable-gap apparatus has demonstrated its
ability to distinguish and evaluate the internal radiation within small

infrared absorbing fluids.

Considering the wide range of application and the accuracy of the
variable-gap method, it is surprising to find so few references to it in
the literature. The experimental measurements of the conductivity of
several fluoride salt mixtures made concurrently with the present study

will be reported in a later publication.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author is grateful for the invaluable assistance of many of
his associates who contributed to this investigation. In particular,
the suthor wishee to express his appreciation to the following persons;
5. J. Claiborne, Jr., for his vaulable assistance in assembling and
operating the apparatus, W. K. Sartory for his patient advice, J. W.
Krewson and W. A. Bird for their design of the instrumentation, J. W.
Teague for his expediting the fabrication of the apparatus, Roberta Shor
and M. R. Sheldon for assistance with the final editing, and Margie Adair

and Dolores Eden for thelr typing of the report.
10.

12.

L6

REFERENCES

E. S. Bettis and W. B. McDonald, "Molten~Salt Reactor Experiment,"
Nucleonics, 22(1): 6770 (1.964).

W. D. Powers, S. I. Conen, and N. D. Greene, "Physical Properties
of Molten Reactor Fuels and Coolants,’ Nucl. Sci. and Eng., 17(2):
200211 (1963)

Narayanaswamy Mani, "Precisc Determination of the Thermal Conductivity
of Fluids Using Absolute Transient Hot-Wire Technique,” PhD Dis-
sertation, Calgary, Alberta, August 197].

P. Grassmann, W. Straumann, F. Widmer, and W. Jobst, "Measurement of
Thermal Conductivities of Liquids by an Unsteady State Method,"
Progr. Intern. Res. Thermodyn. '[ransport Propertles, Papers Symp.
Thermophys . Propert}es) 2nd, Princeton, N. J., pp. 447-53, Acadenic
Press, New York, 1902.

A. G. Turnbull, "The Thermal Conductivity of Molten Salts,”
Australian J. Appl. Sci., 12(1): 30-41 (1961).

L. R. White and H. T. Davis, "Thermal Conductivity of Molten Alkaliil
Nitrates," J. Chem. Phys., W7(12): 5433-5439 (1967).

N

S. B. Gustafsson, "A Non-Steady-State Method of Measuring the Thermal
Conductivity of Transparent Liquids," Z. Naturforschg., 22a(7): 1005—

1011 (1.967).

S. E. Gustafsson, N. 0. Halling, and R. A. E. Kjellander, "Optical
Determination of Thermal Conductivity with a Plane Source Technique
(IT Molten T.iNOz, RbNOsz, and Cs(NOz)," 7. Naturforsch., 23a(5): (1968).

C. E. Mallon and M. Cutler, "Thermal Conductivity of Klectrically
Conducting Liquids," The Rev. of Sci. Tnstr., 36(7): 1036-1040
(1965).

P. Y. Achener and J. T. Jouthas, "Alkali Metals Evaluation Program,
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Cesium and Rubidium,
Thermal Conductivity of the Vapor," AGN-8192, Vol. 2, Aerojet
General Corp., October 1968.

J. £. 8. Venart, "A Simple Radial Heat Flow Apparatus for Fluild
Thermal Conductivity Measurements," J. Sei. Instr., Ll: 727731

(196) .

W. Fritz and H. Poltz, "Absolutbestimmung Der WArmeleitfdhigkeit
von Flussigkeiten --T," Intern. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 5,
PR . 307“316, Pergamon Press (printed in Great Britain), 1962.

L7

13. A. R. Challoner and R. W. Powell, "Thermal Conductivities of Liquilds:

New Determinations for Seven Liquids and Appraisal of Existing
Values," Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A238(1212): 90-106 (1956).

14, J. Matolich and H. W. Deem, "Thermal Conductivity Apparatus for
Liguids; High Temperature, Variable-Gap Techniqgue," Proc. 6th
Conf. on Thermal Conductivity, Oct. 19-21, 1966, Dayton, Ohio,
pp. 39-51.

15.  J. W. Cocke, "Thermal Conductivity of Molten galts,” Proc. oth
Conf. on Thermal Conductivity, Oct. 19-21, 1966, Dayton, Ohio,
pp. 15-27.

16. M. Poltz, "Die Warmeleitfahigkeit von Flissigkeiten II, Erschienen
in der Zeiltschrift,"” Intern. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 8: 515527
(1965) . |

7. H. Poltz and R. Jugel, "The Thermal Conductivity of TLiquids -~ IV.
Temperature Dependence of Thermal Conductivity,' Intern. J. Heat
Mass Transfer, 10: 1075-85 (1967).

18. H. Grober and S. BErk, Fundamentals of Heat Transfer, 3rd ed., rev.
by U. Grigull, Trans. by J. R. Moszynski, p. 319, McGraw Hill,
New York, 1961.

19. P. A. Norden and A. G. Usmanov, "The Inception of Convection in
Horizontal Fluid Layers,"” Heat Transfer — Soviet Research, h(2):
155-161 (1972).

20. B. M. Berkoveky and V. E. Fertman, "Advanced Problems of Free Con-
vection in Cavities,"” Lth Intern. Heat Transfer Conference, Paris,
September 1970, Vol. L4, Paper NC 2.1, E. L. Seiver Publishing Co.,
Amsterdam, 1971. |

2l. G. J. Jantz, Molten Salts Handbook, p. 92, Academic Press, New
York, 1967.

22. Y. 5., Toulouklan, P. E. Liley, 8. C. Baxena, Thermal Conductivity;
Nonmetallic Liguids and Gases (Vol. 3 of Thermophysical Properties
of Matter; the TPRC Data Series), FPlenum Press, New York, 1970.

23. R. W. Powell and R. P. Tye, "The Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
of Liquid Mercury," Proc. Heat Transfer Conf., 1961-62; University

of Colorado, 1961 [and] Westminstry, England, 1961-62, Intern.
Developments in Heat Transfer, Paper 103, pp. 856862, ASME, 1963.

2h. N. B. Vargaftik, B. B. Neimark, and 0. N. Oleshchuck, "Physical
Properties of High Temperature Liguid Heat Transfer Medium,"
Bull. All-Un. PWR Eng. Tunst., 21: 1 (1952).

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Australian J. Appl. Sei., 12(3): 324329 (1961).

APPENDICIES
APPENDIX A
ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF DESIGN OF THE APPARATUS

Sufficient detail is given in this section of the Appendix that the
thermal conductivity cell can be duplicated. Details of the various

components are shown in Figs. A-1 and A-2.

The discussion of the methods in Chapter 2 and Appendix C suggests
that the geometry of the apparatus exerts considerable effect of the
accuracy of the conductivity determination. However, in most cases
consequences of gross size, corrosion, and high-temperature strength
counteract other changes which might improve its accuracy. We concentrsted
on minimizing stray heat flow because the heat-transfer model is unidimen-

sional.

The cylinder containing the specimen is constructed from stainless
steel (304) and is illustrated in Fig. A-1. The dimensions of the cylinder
were selected to minimize heat shunting around the specimen without
sacrificing its structural integrity. The length of the cylinder was
chosen to fit a standard furnace, 5 in. ID X 18 in. long, so that the
specimen would occupy its center. A uniform air gap, 3/32 in., between
the cylinder and the sink provides an even heat flux distribution to the

sink.

The mobile heat assembly, shown in Fig. A-2, is designed to reduce the
upward flow of heat from the specimen area. The most important part of
the assembly is the Alz0; heater core machined from a high-purity, high-
density Al,; 045 ceramic. The core is fabricated in two pieces and is designed
so that a 60-in. length of 0.010-in.-diam Pt—-10% Rh wire could be uniformly
wound on each piece forming the main and guard heaters. The grooves con-
taining the wires were then filled with Al;0; cement and fired. The sur-
face of the main heater was ground flat and smooth. Several dimensions of
the mobile heat assembly were closely controlled to insure a uniform

specimen thickness. These are shown in Fig. A-2.

Other considerations contributing to the design of the apparatus in-

clude the ease of assembly and disassembly and the convenience of filling,
52

7.000 DIAM

ORNL-DWG 72-10543

SURFACE "x"
Yie X 45° CHAMFER

TR l} A%\\
-------------- %R 720 1111V ISR
; g
2% 7 2
7
7
Yg TYP. - %
7
2
2
9'Y,
32 fre————— 3203 DIAM [&] oorrvoneee -
132
REF. %
GROOVES FOR Y4 in.0D
S.S. SHEATH MEATERS ?
i
I 3.750 DIAM %
8
3.500 D
™ 350 DIAM LB] ---------- "*‘%\ """
3/32 THICK wy
2 an SURFACE "Y
*/sq 1/16"‘*
D \\ 3375 DI;\M\
MNNN \ NN

A

| W

J

NOTES:

1. AFTER WELDING AND PRIOR TO FINISH
MACHINING, STRESS RELIEVE BY
HEATING IN AN INERT ATMOSPHERE
TO 1600~-1650°F FOR (1) HOUR; FOLLOW
BY SLOW FURNACE COOLING.

DIAMETERS [A],[B] anD [C] TO 8E
CONCENTRIC WITHIN 0.002 T.1.R. AND
PERPENDICULAR WITH SURFACES

X" AND "Y" WITHIN 0.001 T.1.R.

SURFACES "X"AND "Y" TO BE
PARALLEL WITHIN 0.002 T.I.R.

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE (N INCHES

"\5/54 DRILL
/g COUNTERDRILL

4.000 DIAM [C]

GROOVES FOR ‘in. OD
S.S. SHEATH HEATERS

Detail of the conductivity cell cylinder.
ORNL--DWG 72-10541%

e e e TG00 diwmn e e !
i
=1 %, digm -me-
[‘ J_/‘,‘M-M UNF 2A THD NOTES:
VT 1 ALL WELDS 1D BE MADE PRIOR TO FINAL MACH
2 USE diam [A] AS CATUM. diam'[8 AND diam €] TO
AE CONCENTRIC WITH diam [A& WITHIN 0002 TIR
. 3 SURFACE "X" TO 38E PERFENDICULAR WITH diam 4]
2 WITHIN DOCT TIR
fi%: 3 DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES
e
0.990 L. 7
Goas diom [A] %R 78
| E/\ ; ,!
! # g i i b « -
! F /i t wy ] ]
b
112%4
_FIBERFRAX
7 INSULATION 37 CounTER DRILL
- 01 D‘:’.EP»\
i ¥y, typ
93/6 i t
ref i }
: 3245 o Yaar e
\ 5255
dom \]
N
o A Y DRI
2 HOLES
GOLD FCIL B
o2 <~ 5
0.002 Thitx \ }; N 0.100 DEEP x 0.040 WIDE x0.425 £1TCH GROOVES
[ S WOUND WITH 0.010 Pr #10 % Rh WiRE INVBECDED
AT }7/72;;7 N A0y (FIRED)
TYRICAL BOTH SINES
Y S0 H 1 ( [ 0 DES)
{ Homw----% == $.250 digm oo -
...... !
b : 1
| f}u * N l
| e B o SO Bl S SO R
|I |
SURFACE “X" - b2 2,375 £O005 gigm (] -mn 7
- Yhe AIR GAP WITH 2 LAYERS OF
16
0.002 TK PLATINUM FOIL.
RADIATION SHIELD
- %-%ng diam E—lj R N AN 2

A-2. Detail of movable pis

draining, and cleaning the apparatus.

and the total heated mass of the apparatus were made as

The more important experimental

vestigation is listed in Table A-1.

ton assembly of the conductivity

In addition, the specimen volume

55

small as possivle.

equipment used in the present in-

Model and serial numbers, capacities,

accuracies, and least count are given when known or applicable.
50

Table A-1. List of Pertinent Experimental FEguipment
(heading values are given if known)

Eguipment Capacity or range Accuracy Least Count

Potentiometer

L&N 7555 type K-5, 0— 1.6V +(0.001% of reading 2.0 uv
1777362, Leeds & + 2 uv)
Northr
oY AP 0~ 0.16 V £(0.003% of reading 0.2 uv
+ 0.02 V)
0— 0.016V +(0.003% of reading 0.02 v
+ 0.1 uv)
Voltage regulator
Variac, automatic Output 115 V, +0.25%
Model 1581-A adj. £10%, 50 A
Null detector
Leeds & Northrup 0.07 pV/mm for 0.1 uv
9834 -1 source resistances

up to 2000 Q

DC digital voltmeter

Vidar 521 integrvating 10 wvV to #1000 V +0.01% of 1.0 uv
voltmeter in six-decade stages full scale

Thermocouples

Pt vs Pt—10% Rh +0.2

Chromel-Alumel +0.75

Precision resistor

Leeds & Northrup 0.1 Q, 15 A +0.04%
Model 4360

DC voltage supply

Kepco Model SM 75-8MX  Input 105-125 V, Line: <0.01%
60 cps, 9.6 A max; voltage variation
output O-/5 V, or 0.002 V, which-
08 A ever greater after
stabilizing

Dial indicator

Federal Model 20 revolutions ocne-nalf of one 0.0001 in.
ESBS"R]_ (O.,]. ]._]_’1_ ) diViS W'OH

APPENDIX B
EXPERIMENTAYL, DATA

The uncorrected, raw data, experimental thermocouple emfs, heater
current and voltage, and gap-dial indicator readings are given in
Tables B-1 through B-11. The reduced experimental results, which in-
clude specimen thickness, the average temperature level, temperature drop,
heat flux, and total thermal resistance are tabulated in Tables B-12
through B-22. All these data are grouped by specimen and apparatus model
nmumbers (Table 1), and appear in chronoclogical order.

The guard and shunting factors are determined as indicated in the
method of caleculation given in Chapter 2, where the guard factor is

specifically defined as (see Fig. 12):

Ty — Ty
G = .
Ty — Tk
The heat flux is determined as
Q  AFEIV
TP

The data for vacuum runs were reduced in a slightly different way
from the other runs. The plate-to-plate temperature drop was determined
from the total drop minus the estimated wall temperature drops and was
used to calculate the thermal resistance. If the average temperature
level varied significantly in the vacuum runs, the calculated thermal
resistances were normalized to a mean average temperature by the ratio

i‘[ i '3
max

T
mean

where T is in °K.
56

Table B-1. Experimental Data for HzO Using Apparatus I-A

Run No. =+ 1-A 1-B 1-C 1-D 1-E 1-F 1-G 1-H
Date 9-1-65 9-1-65  9-2-65 9-2-65 9-2-65 9-3-65 9-3-65 9-3-65
Time Begun 2:15 L:07 1:25 2:55 4:25 11:22 12:50 1:50
Dial Zero (in.) 0.05600 0.05600  0.04900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 C. 00000 0.00000
Dial Reading (in.) 0.25764 0.20802  0.15819 0.05123 0.01976 0.09889 C.0k90% 0.02462
€ 1 (mv) 1.250h 1.0008 1.4407 1.3170 1.2540 2.2628 2.0k35 1.9368
TC 2 (mv) 0.5760 0.4728 0.9131 1.0M15% 1.0689 1.4792 1.5936 1.658%
TC 3 (mv) 1.3996 1.1438 1.6457 1.5176 1.4246 2.5753 2.341% 2.0241
TC 4 (mv) 1.3948 1.1391 1.6432 1.5165 1.4248 2.5716 2.3hc2 o,22ky

TC 6 (wmv) - - — — . _ - -

™€ 5 (mv) 1.3974 1.1473 1.6496 1.5202 1.Lk202 2.5775 2.3370 2.2261
™C 7 (mv) - - - - - - -
7 8 (i) - - - - - - -
C 9 (mv) - - - - - - -
TC 1 (final) 1.2503 1.0003 1.4400 1.3204 1.2356 2.2632 2.0420 1.9330
TC 2 (final) 0.5760 G.4720 0.9122 1.0436 1.0523 1.4800 1.5930 1.655%
Time Finish 2:20 hi12 1:35 3:10 5:25 11:27 12:55 2114
e (v) 0.0 0.0 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.0 0.0 3.0
(a) 0.0 0.0 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0
o (v) 8.398 8.98 11.1 1.1 11.1 13.92 13.92 13092
(a) 0.7810 0.7875 0.9474 0.9512 0.9532 1.1356 1.1429 1.1470
Es (V) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - -
(a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 11.6
RO (v) - - - - ~ - - -
(a) 5.0 5.9 5.2 5.3 k.7 6.7 6.2 5.5
HR 2 (v) - ~ - - -
(a) 3.5 4.1 5.8 k.5 I 7.15 6.0 5.6
HR 2 (1 J— — o —— — —_ — —
(2) 5.5 L.l 5.8 4.5 bk 7.15 6.0 5.6
HF 1 (v) 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C
() 0.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C 0.0
HF 2 (v) 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0
(z) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0

Table B~1 (Contirued)

Run No. -+ 1-I 2-A 2~B 2-C 2-D 3-A 3-8 3-C
Tate 9-2~65 9-16-65  4-17-65 9-17-65 9-17-65 9-21-65 9-21-065 3-21-65
Time Begun h:05 3:40 11:52 1:02 3250 2:32 3:40 h.12
Dial Zero (in.) 0.00000 0.00C00  ©.00000  C.0O0CO  0.00C00  0.00000  0.00000 0.00060
Deial Reading (in.) 0.01240 0.14982  0.14485 0.09503 0.04480 0.14730 0.09688 0.06692
w1 (o) 1.8876 2.637L  2.6578 2. 0748 2.2562 1.9287 1.8153 1.7579
™ 2 (mv) 1.6953 1.5749 1.5979 1.7152 1.8331 1.0932 1.2068 1.324k
T 3 (wv) 2.1651 2.9'784 2.5923 2.7848 2.5576 2.1783 2.0k55 1.9837
TC L (mv) 2.1649 2.9671 2.9810 2.7805 2.5551 2.1728 2.0440 1.9830
6 () - - - - - - - -
BC5 (mv) 2.1664 2.97%3  2.9843 27777 2.5598 2.1787 2.0h08 1.9802
T 7 (mv) - - - - - - - -
e 8 (mv) - - - - - - - -
9 (mv) - - - - - - - -
™ 1 (Final) 1.8876 2.6411 2.6560 2.47he 2.2592 1.9306 1.81k 1.7565
TC 2 (final) 1.6953 1.5790 1.5966 1.7148 1.837% 1.0951 1.2250 1.3236
Time Finish - 3:51 12:03 1:07 h:05 2:42 3:50 %:18
uro (v) 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
m (v) 13.80 13,92 13,92 13.92 13.56 12.00 12.00 12.G0
() 1.1385 1.938 1.938 1.9k9 1.968 1.733 1.739 1.7h2
s (v) - 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 - ~
(2) 14.8 0.0 0.0 8.7 1%.0 0.0 7.3 10.2
HR 1 (v) - - - - - -
(a) 5.3 7.3 7.3 6.7 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.3
HR 2 (v) - - - - - - - -
(a) 5.5 7.3 7.3 6.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.3
MR 3 (v) - - - - - - - -
(a) 5.5 7.3 7.3 6.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.3
HF L (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
g 2 (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.
{2) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tabie B-°. Experimental Data for Hg Using Apparatus I-A

Run - i-A 1-3B 1-C 1-D 1-E 2-4 2-B 2-C 2-D 2-E
Date 9-14-65 g9-14-65 9-14-65 9-14-565 g-14-65 9-15-65 9-15-65 9-15-65 9-15-65 9-15-55
Time Begun 12:55 2:05 3:50 k106 6:05 10:ho 12:10 1:25 2:hy 4:ks
Dial Zero (in.) -0.00050 -0.00050 -.00050 -0.00050 -0.00050 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Dial Reacing (in.) 0.19469 0.09462 0.09451 0.04446 0.02237 0.09500 0.04480 0.14975 0.09508 0.0448k
oL (mv) 2.5855 2.577k 2.5800 2.5498 2.46hs 2.586% 2.5675 2.6130 2.5707 2.5312
¢ 2 (mv) 2.2959 2.3658 2.3585 2.3648 2.3048 2.3815 2.3989 2.3620 2.3626 2.3621
¢ 3 {mv) 3.0665 2.,9982 3.0192 2.9772 2.8796 3.032h 2.9891 3.0881 2.9889 2.9476
T b {uv) 3.0351 2.98Lp 3.0069 2.9658 2.8766 3.0190 2.9827 3.0662 2.977% 2.9423
¢ 6 (mv) - - - - - - - - - -
€5 (mv) 3.0348 2.9830 3.0136 2.9956 2.8535 3.0285 2.9849 3.0652 2.9751 2.9517
¢ 7 (mv) 1.0832 0.8723 0.8765 -~ - 0.8735 0.8389 0.5820 0.8505 -
C 8 (mv) - - - - - - - - - -
¢ 9 {mv) - - - - - - - - - -
TC 1 (final) 2.58k1 2.5728 2.5793 2.5438 2.4638 2.5862 2.5657 2.6143 2.5496 2.5291
€ 2 (£inal) 2.2941 2.3612 2.3579 2.3639 2.3038 2.3815 2.3971 2.3635 2,344 2.3600
Time Finish 1:12 2:16 3:55 L:k6 6:15 10:50 12:20 1:35 3:35 4250
g (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HM o (v) 16.62 16.60 17.08 17,02 17.06 17.03 17.00 17.00 16.96 16,96
{a) 2.265 2.265 2.926 2.326 2.333 2.330 2.330 2.331 2.317 2.323
S (v) 0.0 - 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 -
(a) 0.0 7.3 0.0 2.2 - 0.0 5.5 0.0 3.7 -
R 1 (v) - - - - - - - - -
(a) 8.2 7.5 7.6 7.5 - 7.9 7.5 7.8 (.6 7.6
R 2 (v) - - - - - - - - - -
{a) 8.0 7.6 7.6 7.5 - 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.3
MR 3 {v) - - — - - — - - —
(a) 8.0 7.6 7.6 7.5 - 1.9 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.3
HE L {v; 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0 .0 0.0
(=) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. o 0.0 0.0 0.0
HF 2 (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.¢ 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) 0.0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 c.0 0.0

84

Table B=3. Ixperimental Data for HIS Using Appersatus I-A

Run No, - 1-A 1-B 1-3 1-D 1-E 1-F 1-G 1-H 1.1 1-J 24 2-B 2-C 2-D
Date 7-7-66  T-T-66  7u7-86  7-8-66  7-8-66  T-8-86  7-8-66  7-8-66  7-8-66  7-8-66  7-11-66  7.11-66  7-11-66  7-11-66
Time Begun i2:50 2:45 L3105 8:50 10330 11:30 12:40 1:50 3100 h115 8:50 10120 11:50 1:20
oial Zero (in.) 09.00280  C.0028C 0.00Z80  0.00280  ©0,00280  0.0028¢  5.00280  c.o028C £.00280 G.0C28C  0.0028C g.0028¢  5.0028C C.0028C

Diel Reeding (in.} 0.158k0  C.12758 0.,082k6 £.05238 0,00271 C.01269 2.03782 CL.OETAG 0.10502 007G C.00752 0,02280 ©0.0303 0.093k0

T 1 (mv) 12.816 12.770 12.683 12,683 12.634 12,627 12.631 ©  12.668 12.729 12,596 12,722 12,711 12.653 12,760
¢ 2 (uv) 12.087 12,16k 12.242 12.352 12.395 12,116 12.359 12.290 i2.216 12.398 12.523 12,470 10 L6 12,287
¢ 3 {mv} 12.967 12.909 12.809 12.789 12.743 12.739 12.738 12,784 12,857 12713 12.830 12,813 12.806 12.887
C 4 (mv) 12.931 12.879 12.786 12,776 12.729 12,72k 12.726 12,767 12,834 12,895 12.6:€ 12,805 12,790 12.865
™ 5 (mv) 12.981 12,89k 12,774 12.725 12.68k 12,687 12,666 12,72k 12.82% 12,676 12,768 12,75k 12,748 12,856
0 6 (mv) 1k.184 14,163 1k,129 1k,105 14,09 14,084 1k.07 14,082 1h,10k 14,076 14,137 18,131 15,115 14.128
¢ 7 (mv) 14.196 - - - _ - - _ - - _ _ _ _
™ 8 (v) 13.h26 13452 137k 13.545  13.50  13.539 13.523 13500 13482 13.506 13.629 1360k 13,582 13.513
¢ 9 {(mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TC 1 (final) 12.814 12.769 12.683 12.683 12,53k 12.628 12,631 12,668 i2.729 12.597 12,722 12.711 12,693 ip.761
¢ 2 (final) 12.085 12.165 12.2k2 12,352 12,394 12.416 12.350 12,287 12,216 12.398 12.523 12,458 15,428 12.290
Time Finish 1:00 2155 4110 9:0¢ 10:42 11:40 12350 2:00 3:10 %120 9:00 10:30 12:00 1:30
" (v) 0 O C 9 o o 0 0 C 0 0 g 9 0

{a) 0 0 o 0 G o 0 0 e G 0 o 2 S
o {v) §.63 8.3 8.63 8.65 8.73 8.78 g.80 8.8 8,77 8.78 £.87 8.72 8.7z 8.7

(a) 0.8768 0.8768 0.8768 0.8850 0.8949 C.899h 0.9015 9.5033 ¢.8955 ¢.8990 G\ 50k9 08600 ¢.8505 o 5887
S (v) 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 o

(a) 0 o 0 0 0 c o 0 « o o o
M1 (v) b %"'l L3 k.3 4.1 L,1 k. b1 . 4.1 i1 4.1 .o 1.0

(a) b k.0 4.0 4,0 &.0 .0 bod 4.0 bo k.0 5 b0 3.9 3.9
MR 2 {v} 6.3 5.7 4.9 i.3 4.0 k.0 4,0 .6 5.25 4.1 1 b1 .3 5.

{a) 6.7 6.0 5.2 k.3 4.3 a3 4.3 k.9 5.5 4.3 4.3 b3 w6 5.5
HR 3 (v} 6.1 5.6 k.9 .2 .0 4.0 4.0 o 5.2 4.0 4.0 1.0 N1 5.0

a) 6.5 6.0 5.2 N L2 a3 b3 51 5.5 4.3 k.2 L3 b 5ok
L (v - - - ~ - - - ~ - - - - - -

{a 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 75 3,75 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 2 3.7 3.7
HF 2 (v) - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ -

(a) 3.8 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.8 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.8 2.8 3.8

66

Table B-> (Continued)

Run No. - 2-% 2-F 3-A 3-B 3-C 3-D 3-E 3-F 3-C 3-H 3-1 5-J 3-X 3-L
Date 7-11-66 7-11-66 T-12-66 7-12-66 T-12-66 7-13-66 7-33-66 7-13-66 -13-66 7-13-66 7-13-66 7-13-66 T-14-66 T-1k-66
Time Begun 2:35 4:05 2:10 3:15 4:05 9:20 10145 11350 1:10 2:15 3120 Li17 8:50 10:25
Dial Zero (in.) 0.00280 0.00280 0.,00645 0.00645 0.00645 0.00645 0.006h5 0.00645 0.00645 0.00645 0.00645 0.0056k45 0.006k45 0.006L5
Dial Reading (in.)} 0.11650 0.1ko027 0.15656 0.14649 0.12648 0.11410 0.09417 0.07L21 0.05L18 0.03422 0.01415 0.02422 0.04443 0.06411
1 {nav) 12.80k 12,826 22.845 22.856 22.824 22.858 22.820 22.807 22.777 22.760 22,712 22.734 22.686 22. 748
iC 2 {mv) 12,244 12.165 22.2L4 22.285 22,307 22.384 22.395 22,433 22.456 22,476 22.503 o2.hogp 22,381 22,40k
¢ 3 {mv) 12.940 12,963 23.019 23.025 22.989 23.020 22.979 22.96] 22.9u4 22.922 22.888 22.906 22.851 22.915
TC 4 (mv) 12.913 12.935 22.985 22.996 22.960 22.993 22.952 22.939 22.9:1 22.889 22.850 22.871 22,816 22,887
C 5 (mv) 12.921 12.948 23,023 23.027 22.990 23.020 22.977 22.96% 22,941 22,921 22.906 22.918 22.852 22.913
™ 6 (mv) 14.139 1k 1ky 24.329 2L.313 24,299 2k.251 2k 224 2k, 205 2k.196 24,176 2k.154 2k.157 2Lk, 094 24,124
¢ 7 (mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
7 8 (mv) 13,486 13,458 24.099 24,069 2k.o74 24,053 2L.oko 24, 0k4s 2L.053 2k, 056 24.060 24,056 23.947 23.965
¢ 9 (mv) - -~ - - - - -~ - - - - - - -
TC 1 (Final) 12.805 i2.826 22.843 22.856 22.825 22.857 22.819 22.806 22.777 22.758 22,711 22.734 22.684 22.749
C 2 {Final) 12,244 12,185 22.2k7 22.286 22.305 22.383 22.394 22431 22.455 22.476 22.503 22.492 22.380 22.405
Time Finish 2:k5 L:i0 2:20 3:20 4135 9:25 10:50 12:00 1:15 2:25 332 4220 9:00 10:30
B {v) 0 0 o] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

{a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o (v) 8.72 §.72 9.62 9.62 9.62 62 9.62 9.62 9.62 9.62 9.62 9.62 9.60 9.68

(a) 0.8872 0.8868 0.7946 C.7942 0.7947 0.7946 0.7948 0.7949 0.795k4 0.7959 0.7963 0.7959 0.7955 0.8009
s (v) o o 0 0 0 ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0
HRO1(v) L0 4.0 4.7 b7 .7 4.6 b6 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.0 .0 4.0 k.0

(a) 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 L.o 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
KR 2 (v) 5.6 5.8 3.8 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.2 - 0 i.0 - 1.7

(a) 6.0 6.2 .7 3.5 3.0 .6 2.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 o} 0.5 0.5 1.2
HR 3 (v 5.5 5.8 3.7 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.2 - 0 1.0 - 1.7

{a 5.9 6.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 2. 1.6 0.8 0.2 0 0.5 C.5 1.2
1 {v) - - - - - - - - - - - - - _

(a} 3.7 3.7 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1
HF 2 (v) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

(a) 3.8 3.8 6. 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6. 6. 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

09
Takle RB-3

{Centinued)

Bun No. + s-M 3% gy iy -A -5 =G L-2 4Y-F b-F S-4 5-B 5-C 9= 5-B
Date Teli/E6  T-1h-66 7.1k-G6  T-1i-66 7-15-66 7-15-66 7-15-56 7-15-66 7-15-66  7-18-66 7-1.8-66 7-18-66 T-13-66 7-19-66
Time Begun 11230 1300 2042 4:10 9310 10:50 1240 2:20 3133 12345 2:30 3150 9:20 11:10
Dial Zero {irn.} 0.006k5  ©.00645  ©.00645  0.00645  C.00E4S  0.006k5  (.00645  0.0CEW5  O.0CBM5  o.o5269  C.05269  0.05269 0.05265  0.05269

piel Reading (in.} 0,08k32  .10430 0. 13669 0.03%815 0.038%% 0.01410 0.01188 0.02239 0.03054% 0.26243 0.18253 0.16250 0.1h226 0.12232

¢ 1 (mv) 22,77 22,778 22,845 22,695 22,5872 22.671 22,691 22,690 22,691 8,3150 5§.2950 8.2555 8.2980 8.2450
e 2 {mr) o, 378 22,335 22,316 22,418 22.385 22,448 22.595 22.457 22,433 7.6h17 7.69C2 7.75821 7.8495 7.8653
3 fav) 22.936 22,97 £3.006  22.861 20,6828 22.83k 22,856 22.85k 22.856 8.458% 8.4351 §.3871 8.4301 8.3772
TC 4 (mv) 22,607  22.916 22.976 oz,828 22.800 22.802 22,828 22.822 22,82k 8.4406 8.4171 8.3732 8.43159 &.3625
¢ 5 {mv) 22,932 22.951 £3.015 22,858 22.821 22.838 22.866 22.85h 22.853 8.:288 8.3576 8.3381 8.3832 8.3215
¢ 6 {(uv) 2k, 1k 24,145 24,166 2L.083 2h.013 ah,or7 24,035 24,033 23,027 9.2262 §.2213 9.1300 9.2147 9.2005
¢ 7 {av) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1< 8 {wv) 23,961 23.929 23,930 23.941 22.9C3 23.925 £3.943 23.925 23.909 8.80u6 8.7530 8.7556 8.8065 8.8067
™ 9 (uv) - - - - - - - -~ - - - - - -
¢ 1 (final) 22.772 22,780 22.843 22,69k 22,673 22,672 22.6%0 22.589 22,690 8.3193 8.2942 8.2551 8.2975 8.2438
¢ 2 (final) 22,375  22.320 22,317 22,418 22,386 22 . hh7 22,493 22,1455 2z.432 T.6417 7.6882 7. THLO 7.8495 7.8652
Time Finish 11:50 1310 2150 4115 G120 11:00 12:50 2:34 3143 12150 2135 355 9:35 11:
H (v} 9 0 o 0 G 0 ) 0 9 0 0 ) 9 ¢
(a} 3] C C G Cc o ¢ 0 ¢ 0 0 ) 0 C
B {v) .68 9.68 Q.67 9.6k G.68 9.68 9.68 G.68 9.68 9.59 $.59 9.59 6.5 9,59
{a) c.8008  0.8008 0.7987 0.7683 o.8o22 0.8023 0.8018 .8018 ¢.8018 1.0995 1.1003 1.1016 1.1001 1.1016
B (v} o 0 0 0 ’ 9 0 0 0 0 o 0
(8} ¢ 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 v 0 3 0 0
HR 1 (v) 4.0, 4.0 5. 2.4 2.k 2.4 2.k a.h 2.k 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.5
(a) 3.3 9.3 3.3 2.0 2,0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
W 2 (v) 2.0 2.6 5.3 <. <1.0 G 0 o 1.0 5.6 5.k 5.1 4.9 k.7
(&) 1.7 2.3 3.2 0.3 : ¢ 0 o] 0.5 6.2 §.¢ 5.5 5.k 5.2
HE 3 (v} 2.0 2.6 3.3 <30 <10 ¢ o 0 1.0 5.5 5.3 5.0 b.o a7
{a} 1.7 2.k 3.1 C.k G.3 c a 0.5 6.2 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.2
HE L {v) - - - _ - - - - _ _ - _ -
(a) 6.1 6.1 €.1 6.1 5.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
2 {v) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
@) 5.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.z 2.8 2.7 2.8 2,75 2.7

19
Table B-% (Continued)

Run No. - 5-F 5-G 5-H 5-1 5.J H-K 5-L 5-M 5-N 6-A 6-F 6-C 6-D 6-F
Date 7-19-66  7-19-66 7-19-66 T7-20-66 7-20-56 7-20-65 7-20-66 7-20-66 7-20-66 7-21-66 7-21-66 7-21-66 7-21-56 7-21-66
Time Begun 12537 2:35 3130 8:50 10:10 12:20 12:20 1:35 2:25 9:00 10:10 12:10 1:55 3:00
Diai Zero {in.) 0.05269  0.05269 0.,05269 0.05269 0.05269 0.05269 0.05269 0.05259 0.05269 0.04258 0.4258 0.04258 0.04256 0.04258
Dia: Reading (in.) 0.10241  0.10241 0.08248 0.06258 0.05805 0.05495 0.05269  0.07248  0.092L5 0.1954h4 0.17540  0.15540  0.13518  0.1154%0
™ 1 {mv) 8.1878 8.1800 8.1360 8.047h 8.0307 8.0424 8.0356 8.0621 8.1019 11.5063 11.4776 11.4570 11.4918 11.4631
™ 2 (mv) 7.8830 7.8772 7.9015 7.8685 7.8893 7.9127 7.9115 7.8702 7.5388 10.9625 10.9873 11.0294 11.1131 11.1363
¢ 3 (mv) 8.3199  8.3119 §.0684 8.1776 8.1563 8.1660 8.1600 8.1881 8.2295 11.6280 131.60:7  11.5769  11.6122  11.5832
Co4 (mv) 8.3056 8.2971 8.2530 §.1629 8.1433 8.1532 8.1470 8.1748 §.2i61 11.6076 11.5806 11.5567 11.593% 11.5631
5 {mv) 8.2738 8.2519 8.2286 8.1438 8.1170 8.1262 8.1231 8.1440 8.1768 11.6136 11.5815 11.5466 11.5923 1x.5625
6 (mv) 9.18:1 9.1630 9.1508 9.1049 9.1021 9.1001 29,0990 9.1030 9.1088 13.3060 13.2899 13.2726 13.2809 13.2832
™ 7 {(mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
¢ 8 (mv) 8.8037 8.7926 8.7932 8.7815 8.7838 8.7835 8.7840 8,774k 8.7688 12.9338 12.9291 12.9368 12.9700 12.98359
€ 9 (mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - -~ -
¢ 1 (£inal) 8.1878 8.1800 §.1349 8.0473 8.0307 §.0416 8.0356 6.0657 8.0990 11.5050 12.4778 11.4565 11.4931 11.4606
¢ 2 (final) 7.8832 7.8772 7.9016 7.8683 7.890% 7.9:21 7.9111 7.8725 7-8356 10.9625 10.9873 11.0280 11.11k2 11.1366
Time Finish 12:45 2:50 3:40 9:00 10:20 11:35 12:30 1145 2140 9:13 10:15 12:20 2:00 3:10
HT  {v) 0 0 0 0 0 0 ¢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

{(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o (v) .59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 &.6u45 8.64 8.64 8.64 8.64

(a) 1.103% 1.1043 1.:056 1.1086 1.1093 1.2091 1.1093 1.1083 1.1072 ¢.9086 0.9092 0.9997 0.9087 0.9093
HS (V) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R 1 (v) i.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

(a) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
2R 2 (v) by 4.5 b.35 4.1 3.9 3.9 3. b1 L.3 h.2 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.2

{a) 4.9 Lk.g 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.7 L.y L.l 3.9 3.65 3.4
R 3 {v) 4.5 4.5 %, 35 L.o 3.9 3.9 3.9 4. 4.3 4. 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.2

{a) 5.0 5.0 L7 hh 4.3 b.3 4.3 4.6 L.7 L.3 L.y 3.0 3.65 3.3
i {v) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

(a) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 5.8 3.6
HE 2 (V) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

(a) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.6

c9
Tarvle B-3

7-1

-8

T-F

T-E

7-D

7-4

E=J

&-H

-

= .

3
N

-

Hun No.

0.00672
22,864

0.00672

00072
24,20k

0.00572
4,068

2h.212

e
<

€72

24,089

.0

0.C0672
24,07k

0.00672
0.08841
24,057

0650

2k k8

G

0.12653
24,042

0.05039
12.9759

0.04525

005535
1i.2101

€0
36

[~
A

0.07
11.17

G.0g54L
11,1813

3
/

)

T 2 {mv)

i

81 Zerc {in.
TC 1 {w

¢ & {mv

ate

Time Begun

o

Dial Reading (in.}
¢ 5 (uv)

¢ 7 {mv)

9 {mv)

12510

&g
ot

nis

24

Time P

G

o

0. 7898

G

9.58
.78k

o

(&)

(@)

OO
. .
(U]

OO

¢
0

loNng
A~

OO

D Q

6.2

’
.

€

la\)
e}

6.2

.
DAl

Table

4 {Continued)

fun No. - 7o 7-K N 7-0 8-a -8 8-C 8- 8-F
Date 7-26-66 7-26-65 7-26-66 7-26-56 7-26-66 7-27-66 7-27-66 7-27-66 7-27-66 7-27-66
Time Begun 4:00 5:15 6:10 8:50 10:10 6:50 8:05 9:10 10:05 11345
Dial Zero (in.) 0.00672  0.00672  0.00672 0.00672 0.00572 0.04190  ©.0%190  0.0LIOC  0.04190 0.04190
Dial Reading (in.) 0.03673 0.05632 0.07633 0.1:653 0.13652 0.13125 0.09208 0.05191 0.04222 0.09239
¢ o1 {mw) 22.888 22.919 22, 22.961 23,025 11.7853 11.725% 11,6649 11.6520 11.7:67 &.
i 2 {mv) 22.619 22.609 2. 22.518 22.511i 11.4130 11.4598 11.5151 11.533h 11.4530
™C 3 (mv) 23.057 23.084 23 23.131 23.185 11.9122  11.8496  11.790r  11.7706 11.8353 )
™ 4 (mv) 23.022 23.052 23 23.109 23.159 11.6874 11.8264 11,7667 11.7496 11.8159 8.
TC 5 (mv) 23.062 23.084 23 23.139 23.209 :11.8941 11.831% 11.7853 11.7593 11.8118 8.
™ 6 (mv) k192 24,295 2k 24.209 24,238 13.5636 13.2189 13.4953 13.479% 13.4629
C 7 (mv) - - - - - - - - -
€ 8 {mv) 24,054 24.050 2L.035 2k.002 2k . 000 13.1829 13.2026 13.2166 13.2243 13.2089
< 9 (mw) - - - - - - - - -
TC : {final) 22.867 22.918 22 22.982 23.025 11.7845  1i.7220  11.6650  11.6501 11.7169
¢ 2 (f:nal) 22.618 22.508 22.570 22.517 22,514 11.4129  11.3553  11.5159  11.5320 11.4555
Time Finish 4:05 5:20 6:20 8:57 10:20 7:00 8:15 9:20 10:15 11:55
e (v) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ¢ 0
(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0
HM $V) 9.56 9.58 9. 9.58 9-5§ 8.664 8.66v 8.66 8.66 8.66
‘) 0.7905 0.7902 0. 0.7893 0.7388 0.903 0.9046 0.9060 0.9063 0.9050
s (v) 0 0 0 o] 0 0 0 0 0 0
(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0
HR 1 (v) 1.1 1.l 1. 1. 1.1 1.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
(a) 0.5 0.5 O 0. 0. 0.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6
4R 2 (v) 0 1.1 1.7 2.7 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.h 2.0 2. 2.8
(a) 0 0.7 1.4 2.6 3.k 3.5 3.1 2.5 2.0 2. 3.0
fR 3 {v) 0 .2 1. 2. 3.9 3403 2.9 2.t 2.0 2. 2.6
{a) 0 0.9 1. a. 3.5 3.5 3.1 2.5 2.0 2. 3.0
R e 62 6 6r 6w P S S X
HF 2 {v} - - - - - - - - - -
fa) 6.3 6.7 6. 6.2 6.8 3.8 3.8 3,8 5.8 3.8

Table B~3 {Continued)
Run No. - 9-B 9-C G=D G-F 10-A ic-§ 10-C 10-D 10-E 10-F 10-G 10-H 10-1 10-J
tate 1/e8/66  7-28-56 7-28-86 7-28-56 7-28-66 7-28-56 7-28-66 ~25-64 7-29-66 [=29-656 7-29~56 7-26-66 -25-66 8-1°65
Time Begun 2:15 223 L:id €100 T30 9:4i5 10350 11:%40 10:10 1135 12:55 2140 1:0C 12:20
pial Zerc (in.) GL.O5RT7G 0.08270 0.05270 0.035270 C.0527C 0.03270 C.0527C 0.065270 ¢.05270 C.05270 0.0527C 0.05270 C.05270 G.05270
Dial Reading (in.) 0.08116  0.07117  0£.06120  0.05270  0.09268  ©.i2260  0.1k269  0.16275  0.18262  ©.20270  0.08715  0.06170  0.05778  0.06632
¢ 3 {mv) 2331 3.203% 8,159 83,1546 8.2361 B.2799 §.3103 8,3€3C 8.3861 &.4h0S 8.1994 8.1725 8.15L0 8.1588
¢ 2 (mv) &.0001 8.0083 8.0013 8.0289 7.9677 T.8961 7.8446 7.8352 7.7750 7.7618 7.94€5 8.0099 8.01CL 7.9845
C 3 (mv) £.36%0 8.3359 8.2877 g.27 8.363¢ 8.4163 g.L507 8.500h 8.5285 8.5798 5.3289 8.3078 8.2800 3.285h
¢ 4 {(mv) 8.3511 8.3198 8,2719 B.26Lgy 8.350h B.3977 8.4296 8.4831 8,507k 8.5610 8.3139 8.2884 5.2651 8.2712
C 5 {mv) 8.3410 8.3002 &.2560 8.2488 8.3172 8.3795 §.4203% §.4620 8.hg72 €.5515 §.2852 8,292k 8.247h 8.2525
¢ 6 {mv) Q. 304k 9.2848 9.2617 9.2506 $.2600 9.2881 9.2969 9.2006 G.315k4 2.3309 9.26%1 3.2613 9.2526 9.2387
TC 7 (mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
¢ 8 (o) (B.8u65  B.B437T  8.8383 goaus€  B.83u4  5.8016 .77k 8,776 &.7391 8.7356 9.28k1 8.,82k3  8.835%  B.8306
€ 9 (mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
¢ 1 (final} 8.2337 8.20k5 8.1590 8.154%0 8.2367 8.2803 8.3095 £.3635 8.3861 84506 8.1667 §.1726 8.1540 8157k
¢ 2 (final) 8.0006 8.c092 8.0015 8.0285 7.9686 7.8970 7.8446 7.8336 7.71748 7.7618 7.9483 8.0104 8,010k 7.9850
Time Finish 2:20 3:31 beso 6115 7120 9156 11:00 11:45 10115 11:40 1:00 2:55 4105 12:30
B (V) 0 ¢ 9 o 0 o 0 o o o c 0 0 o
{=) 0 ¢ C s Q 0 ¢ 0 ¢ X ¢ 0 0 0
; . 6 .5 G.5 . - - - - - P - P -
B %’;g ? 2000 ? igoa g ig‘o 9.56 9.56 9.56 5,36 .56 Q.56 9.56 9.56 g.56 9.56 .56
. . Le 104 1.1012 1.0987 1.0967 1.0963 1.0049 1.0041 1.0625 1.0996 1.1003 1.1011 1.1C10
HS Ev; 0 0 0 0 G 0 0 o o 0 0 o 0 0
& ¢ 0 e o 0 o 0 o o o ¢ o o 0
HR 1 (v 1-2 ig 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1,8 1.8
{a) 1. L. 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 .6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
HR 2 {v) - - Lo 3.9 4.3 W7 5.0 5 o3 g &3 P
/ ; . Y . s ! Je b;). Jelt ').u') - —_ -’_9 -—
(a) b7 4.8 bt k.3 b7 5.2 5.5 5.7 8.0 &.25 05 %65 i.35 k.55
HR 3 (v) S - k.0 2.9 5,3 7 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.65 - - 3.9 -
(a) 4.7 .6 by 5.3 T 5.2 5.5 5.7 £.0 §.05 Y7 4,65 i.zs 5 4E
1 (v) - - - - - - - - - - - - -
() 2.8 2.7 2.7 5.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 .7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
HF 2 (v} - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _
{&) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 D77 2.7 5.7 2.7

<9
Table B-3 {Continuec)

Run No. = 10-K 11-4 11-B 11-C 11-D 11-E 11-F 11-G 11-4 11-1 11-J Li-x li-r, 11-M
Date 8-1-66 8-8-66 8-8-66 8-8-66 8-8-66 8-8-66 8-8-66 8-6-66 8-8-66 8-8-66 8-5-66 8-8-66 §-8-66 8-8-66
Time Begun 1:95 8:30 9:21 10:05 11:00 2:00 1:00 2:10 3:15 L:20 5:20 6:20 T:10 8:30
Dial Zero {in.) 0.05270 0.01540 0.01540 0.01540 0.01540 0.015%0 0.001540 0.01540 0.0L540 0.01540 0.015%0 0.01540 0.01540 0.0154%0
Dial Reacing {in.) 0.07648 0.13551 0.13257 0.12956 0.12655 0.12345 0.12050 0.22550 0.11249 0.10250 0.09406 0.06815 0.08230 0.07638
™ 1 (mv) 8.1972 23.031 23.024 23.022 23.006 23007 22.997 22,992 22.998 22.991 22.988 23.000 23.005 22.996
¢ 2 (mv) 7.9846 22.546 22.539 22.558 22.555 22.563 22.558 22,567 22.576 22,562 22.602 22.525 22.640 22.638
¢ 3 (mv) 8.326}4 23,191 23.186 23.181 23,16k 23,162 23.154 23.149 23.153 23.148 23.149 23.159 23,162 23.156
¢4 (mv) §.3117 23.165 23.153 23.154 23,137 23.137 23.128 23.124 23.129 23.121 23.119 23.129 23,13k 23.130
5 {mv) 8.2909 23.210 23.200 23.203 25.179 23.175 23.165 29,19 23.161 23,154 23.151 23.156 23.160 23.156
Q¢ 6 {rv) 9.252%5 2L.259 2k .256 24,251 2h.24" 24.236 24,233 2L, 228 24,226 2k, 226 24,226 24,228 2,232 2k, 236
™ 7 {mv) - - - ~ - ~ - - - ~ - - - -
™ 8 {mv) 8.8282 24.036 2k, 025 24,020 2k.02% 24,023 2k.021 2k, 02k 24.029 24,033 24,036 24,045 24,055 24,061
€ 9 {mv) - - - - - - - - = -~ - - - -
¢ & {final) 8.1975 23.030 23.023 23.021 23.005 23.007 22.996 22.992 23.000 22.99%0 22.98¢9 23.001 23.006 22.993
TC 2 (final) 7.9850 22.546 22,540 22.559 22.55k 22.564 22.558 22.566 22.577 22.593 22.603 22.627 22.6k40 22.635
Time Finish 2:05 8:37 9:27 10:15 R 2:10 1:15 2:15 3:20 4:30 5:25 6:25 7:20 8:40
T (v) ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 o} 0 0 0 0 0 0
(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m {v) 9.56 9.61 9.61 9.6 9.61 9.6 9.61 9.51 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60
‘a) 1.0997 0.7907 0.7905 0.7904 0.7904 0.7904 0.7904 C. 790k 0.7903 C.7903 0.7903 0.7900 0.7898 0.7898
HS  {v) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
{a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
R i (v) 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 a7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
{a) 1.6 1.05 1.09 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.0 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.0 1.05 105
HR 2 (v) 5.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 .7 .5 2.4 2.3 2.2 - 2.0 .8 1.7 1.7
(a) k.65 3.0 2.0 2.7 2.6 2.45 2.35 2.25 2.2 .99 1.7 ENG) 1.45 1.05
HR 3 (v) k.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.k 2.2 0.2 - 2.0 1.95 1.8 .5
(a} 4.65 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.55 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.95 1.75 L. 1.5 1.G
HF 1 (v) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(a) 2.7 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.2 R 6.2 6.2 £.2
F 2 (v) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(a) 2.7 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.7 6.2 6.2

99
Table B-3 {Continued)

Run Fo. - 11-K 11-0 11-P 13- 11=R 11-8 117 11-U 11-% 11- 11-K 11-y 13- 11-AA
Date 8-8-65 8-8-66 B-8-66 8-10-68 8-10-66 8-10-66 3-1c-66 8-10-66 8-10-66 BiC-66 8-10-66 8-10-66 §.10-€€ 8-20-66
Time Begun 9: 40 10: 40 11:20 9100 10:15 11510 12:00 12:50 1:35 2:25 3:30 4110 4157 6:40
Dial Zero {in.) 0.01540 0.015%0  0.015%0 0.01540 0.01540 10,0150 0.015k0 0.01540 0.0L54G 0.01540 0.0154%0 0.,61540 0.015%0 Q.015%0
Diel Reeding (in.} 90.07055  ©C.06458  ©,058786  ©0.05435  0.05168  0.04671  0.0k232  €.03826  0.0334k9  0.03072  0.0267%5 0.02270  C.02132  0.01954
¢ 1 {mv) 22.963 22.970 22.959 23.067 23.068 23.058 23.056 23.052 23.056 23.047 23.027 23.018 23.012 23.027
¢ 2 {mv) 22.810 2e.627 22.626 22,76k 22,778 22,781 22,789 22.795 22.811 22.810 22,860 22,820 22,816 22,836
¢ 3 {mv) 23,121 23.13k 23.123 23,222 23.227 23.228 23.219 23.216 23.220 23,213 23.1298 23,164 23,191 23.202
¢ 4 (mv) 23.103 23,101 23.091 23,197 £23.198 23.190 23.189 23.185 23.189 23.179 23,1613 23,157 23,15 23,165
¢ 5 (mv) 23.132 23.127 23.122 23.221 23.22k 23.220 23.223 23.222 23.227 23.221 23.212 23.21 23.213 23.22k
¢ & (mv) 2k.230 24,221 ok, 219 2l 277 24,277 24,276 24,276 24,273 2h,272 24,269 24,264 24,260 oh 262 ol p5Y
c 7 (mv) - - —- - - - - - - - - - - -
™ 8 (mv) 24,050 2k.okhg 24,046 24, 1h3 24,145 2H.,1%0 24,137 oi,1h) 24.1ka 24,3152 2h.1k9. 24,152 24151 24,16k
¢ ¢ {mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TC 1 (final) 22.962 22,970 22.959 23,067 23.066 23,057 23.086 23.052 23,057 23,045 23.026 23.018 23.0C9 23.026
TC 2 (final) 23.609 ~ 22.626 22.626 22,764 22,777 22,780 22,790 22,796 22,812 22.809 22,800 22.620 22.815 22.836
Tims Finish 9:45 10:45 11:85 3:05 10125 11516 12:1¢ 13100 i:hs 2135 3:35 43197 51C7 6345
m (v) G 0 o 0 0 c o 0 0 ¢ ) o 0

(a) e 0 0 ) 0 C 0 o 0 ¢ 0 ¢ 0 0
() 9.60 9.50 9.860 9,595 9.595 $:595 9.59 9.585 9.585 9.585 9.585 $.585 $.585 9.585

(a) 0.7899 0.7900 0.7903 0.7881 0.7881 0.7881 07879 0.7878 0.7879 G, 7880 G. 7881 0.7881 0.7881 0.7878
HS  {v) 0 ¢ ¢ 0 o} o 0 3 G 0 0 0 ¥ 0

(a} 0 o o) o ¢ 9 ¢ 0 ¢ o G o )
HR L {v) 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 i.8 1.8 1.3 1.3 0 o o} O 0

{a) 1.0% 1.05 1,05 1.05 1.05 1,05 1.05% 0.8 c.8 o) o 0 o o)
2 {v) 1.1 1.0 1.0 <1.0 <}.0 <1.0 £.C O o] 0 c ¢ Q 0

8) 0.8 6.5 0.5 043 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 o 0 ) ) o) )
R 3 (v} 1.2 1.0 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <31.0 0 0 ) o] 0 0 0

(a) 0.9 C.5 0. 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 O o 0 o 0 0 O
F 1 (v) - - - - - - - - - ~ - - -

(a) 6.2 6.2 .2 6.2 8.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2
W2 (vz - - - - - - - - - - - — - -

(a} 6.2 €.2 £.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 .2 6.2 6.2 5.2 6.2 6.2

L9
Table 3-- {Continued)

Run No. - 11-BB 11-CC 12-A i2-B 12-C 12-D 12-% 12-F =G 12-H 12-I 12-7 i2-X 12-1,
Date §-10-66 §-10-65 8-10-66 $-10-66 8-10-66 8-10-66 8-10-66 8-11-66 8-11-66 8-11-66 8-11-66 8-11-66 8-11-66 8-11-66
Time Begun 7:23 8:05 8:55 9:35 10:15 10:50 11:35 8:40 9:56 10:45 11:35 12:25 1:20 2:30
Diai Zero (in.) 0.0154%0  0.015k0 0.01550  0,0153%0  0.01540 0.01540  0.01540  0.01540  0.015450  0.01540 0.01540  0.015k0 0.01540 0.01540
Dial Reading (in.) 0.01742 0.01532 0.02336  0.03125 0.035:1 0.03908  0.0430: 0.04691 0.05095 0.05481 0.05670  0.06u61 0.07063 0.07652
€ 1 (mv) 23,014 23.005 23.009 23.021 23.026 23.029 23.043 23,004 23.085 23.085 23.087 23.087 23.087 23.086
¢ 2 {mv) 22.837 22.829 22.805 22.791 22.785 22.780 22.782 22.822 22.809 22.805 22.803 22.794 22,7791 22,718k
™C 3 {mv) 23.198 23.185 23.188 23.194 23.196 23.198 23.207 21.257 23.251 23.251 23.252 23.250 235.246 23.248
< 4% {mv) 23.157 23.146 23.1:48 23.158 23.162 23.165 23.176 23.225 23.219 23.220 23.220 23.219 23.219 23.219
™ 5 (mv) 23,222 23.217 23.207 23.20k4 23.203 23.201 23.211 23.259 23.252 23.252 23.251 23.250 23.24g 23.251
™ 6 (mv) 24,266 24,265 24,261 24,256 24,254 24,254 24,261 24.298 2k.293 24.291 2k.287 24.286 24.279 24.278
¢ 7 (mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
8 (mv) 24,159 24.150 24,137 24.128 24,125 2k.123 24,124 24.163 24.149 2k.143 2k.1ho 2k.13h 24.13 2Lk.13p
% 9 (mv) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C 1 (final) 23,014 23.003 23.009 23.021 23.026 23.030 23.043 23.092 23.086 23,087 23.085 23.086 23.087 23.086
¢ 2 {final) 22.836 22.829 22.805 22.791 22.784 22,780 22.782 22,821 22,809 22.807 22,800 22.795 22,752 22,764
Time Finish T:28 8:10 9: 00 9: 40 10:20 10:55 11:4%0 8:55 10:05 10355 11:45 12130 1:30 2:40
HT  (v) 0 o} 0 0 0 0 o} 0 o) 0 0 0 0 0
(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W™ (v) 9.585 9.585 9.585 9.589 9.585 9.585 9.585 9.58 9.585 9.58 9.585 9.58 9.58 9.58
(a) 0.7878 0.7681 0.7881 0.7881 0.7881 0.7581 0.7881 0.7869 0.7871 0.787: 0.7859 0.7869 0.7870 0.7571
a5 (v) 0 0 0 ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0
(a} 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MR 1 {v) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
{a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.C
R 2 (v) 0 0 0 0 0 0 <1.0 <1.0 < .0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <L.0 1.2
(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.2 0.3 O 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.0
HR 3 (v} 0 0 0 0 0 0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <1.0 <10 <1.0 <.c 1.2
(a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,15 0.3 0.4 g.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0
HF 1 {v) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(2) 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.7 6.2 - -
HF 2 - -
E\a’% 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 - -

89
Teble 5-3 {Contimeed)

Pun Ho. 12-M 12-N 12-0 12-P 12-Q 12-R 158 1=
mte 8-11-66 8-11-66 Ro11-66 3-11-66 81166 B-11-66 8-11-66 8-11-66
Time Begun 3:50 kiko 5:28 6159 7:40 B:uo 9130 10310

dial Zere {in.) 0.0L550 0.0L5L0 0.015350 0.CLBHO 0.01540 0.0L540 0.01540 0.01550

Dial Reading {in,) 0.08221 0.08820 0.09417 0.10025 0.12000 0.11773 0.12558 0.1334L

TC 1 {mv) 23.097 23,102 23,107 23,102 23,31k 23.141 273,147 23.157
¢ 2 {mv) o2, 781 22,781 22.779 22,761 22,75k 22.7h2 2273 22,720
™ 3 {mv) 23.257 23.262 23.266 23.267 23.270 25.285 23.296 23,305
TC b (mv) 23.228 23,233 22,238 23.23%6 23,244 2%.266 23.276 23,083
¢ 5 (mv) 23.26% 23,269 23.271 23,270 23.276 23.288 23,300 23,313
¢ 6 (mv) 2k, 081 2k, 286 2k, 286 2h.289 24,289 oh,291 24,255 244,268
7 {mv) - - - - - - - -
¢ 8 {mv) BhI129 24,128 24,127 2h 112 2k, 102 24.097 25,051 24085
¢ 6 {mv) - - - - - - - -
T 1 (finsl) 23,098 23,102 23.107 22.102 £3.115 23,142 23,147 23,157
™ 2 (fimel) 22,781 22,781 28,779 0o, 760 22,75k P2, fhe oz, 73k 22.720
Time Finish 3152 Laks £:30 7100 7:b9 B 45 9135 10135
BT (v) o} 0 0 O o] o o 0

{a) G o o O ¢ o o} 0
W {v) 9.60 9.60 5.53 9.59 9,59 9.59 3.59 §.54

{a} G.7876 3.7876 0,7873 0.7872 0.7872 ¢.7871 0.7871 0.7871
s (v) 0 0 0 0 0 O c

(&) G o 0 0 0 o
o1 {v) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

{a 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
HR 2 (v) 1.8 - - - - - - -

fa) 1.5 1,6 1.58 1.8 1.9 2.05 2.35 2.7
HR 3 {v) 1.8 - - - - - - -

{a) 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.85 1.98 £.i% 2.3 2,65
1 (v - - - - - - - -

& - - - 5.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2
HP 2 (v) - - - - - - - -

{a) - - - 8.2 6.2 Gz 6.2 §.2

69

Table B-4, Experimental Data for Heiium Using Apparatus II-A

Run No. - 1-A 1-B 1-C 1-D 1-E 1-F 1-G 1-H 1-1 1-J 1-K 2-A 2-B 2-C
Date 12-20-66  12-21-66 12-21-66  12-21-66 12-2:-66 12-21-66 12-21-65 12-2i-66 12-21-66 12-21-66 12-21-66 12-28-65 12-28-66 12-28-56
Time Begun 2:15 8:35 9:26 10:30 11:30 12:30 1:20 2:28 3:18 3:50 4:05 12:00 12:35 1:15
Dial Zero {in.) 0,01470 0.01470 0.01470 0.01470 0.01470 0.01470 0.01470 0.01470 0.01k470 0.01470 0.01470 0.01930  0.01930 0.01930
Dial Reading (in.) 0.01k70 0.01864 0.02258 0.02660 0.03047 0.03437 0.03830 0.0u227 0.05k11 0.09352 0.13292 0.01928  0.02325 0.02716
¢ 1 (mv} 1.2203 1.2326 1.2382 1.2326 1.23569 1.2459 1.2543 1.2546 1.2685 1.3039 1.3286 4.3631 4,3708 4. 3789
¢ 2 (mv) 1.1836 1.1875 1.1823 1.1573 1.1621 1.1619 1.1603 1.1533 1.1406 1.1168 1.0979 4.2535 4.2415 L. 2305
C 3 (mv) 1.2377 1.2491 1.253k 1.2467 1.2493 1.2569 1.2667 1.2680 %.2813 1.3111 1.3352 4.k300 4.435% L, 4397
¢ 4 (mv) 1.234%1 1.2482 1.2531 1.2477 1.2516 1.2606 1.2695 1.2695 1.2829 1.3182 1.3425 L. 4246 4,43186 4.,4386
5 (mv) 1.2355 1.2391 1.2381 1.230% 1.2291 1.2340 1.2399 1.2369 1.2363 1.2381 1.2386 4.4352 4.4319 4.4296
T 6 {(mv) 6.8867 6.8118 6.8156 6.5085 6.8000 6.7969 6.8000 6.7998 6.7951 6.7939 - 23.340 23.343 23.338
W 7 {av) 6.7335 6.6807 6.6792 6.6649 6.6519 6.6459 £.6L66 6.6381 6.651k 6.6203 - 23.236  23.229 23.216
T 8 (mv} 6.0896 6.0501 6.0463 6.0291 6.0096 5.9991 5.9915 5.9762 5.9676 5.9515 - 22,696  22.683 22,657
¢ 9 (mv) 1.2362 1.2k26 1.2395 1.2294 1.2286 1.2297 1.2316 1.2262 1.2230 1.2166 1.2095 h.34316 k.3354 L,3303
TC 1 (final) 1.2186 1.2325 1.2350 1.2326 1.2354 1.2463 1.2537 1.2542 1.2690 1.3047 1.3295 4.3633 L,3701 L.3791
¢ 2 (£inal) 1.1815 1.1877 1.1793 1.1672 1.1619 1.1625 1.1597 1.1508 1.1506 1.1153 1.0922 k.2535  L,2408 4.,2309
Pime Finish 2:35 Bl 9:40 10:40 11:40 12:50 1:30 2:%0 3:30 4:00 4:35 12;05 12:48 1:28
HT {v) 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.87 3.1k 5.87 L.u8 5.22 0.0 0.0 0.0
{a} - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0
m (v) il.ik 1i.1b 11.14 11.14 il.1b i1.1k 11.14 11.1k il.1h 11.15 11.16 20.19 20.19 20.19
(a) 1.4129 1.4107 1,409k 1.43110 24105 1.4105 1.k072 1.4069 1.Lo8s 1.3990 1.3951 1.806 1.806 1.805
HS (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HR 1 (v) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5
(a) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6
HR 2 {v) 3.2 3.h 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 .o 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 0. 0.0
{a) 3.0 3.2 3.2 2 3.2 3.k 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
R 3 {v) 9.5 2.9 2.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 0.0 0.0 1.3
(a) 8.7 8.7 8.7 6.7 8. 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.5
oL (v) 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 57 574 57.b
(a) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0 2.0 2.0 : 6 6.3
HF 2 (v) 13.5 3.6 13.6 13.6 13.% 13.5 13.5 13.6 13.5 13.6 13.6 54.5 54.5 54.5
(a) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.5 5.9 5.9 5.9

0l
Teble B-L {(Continued)

Run ¥o. - 2D 2-% 2-F 2-g 2-H 2-1 2-J 2-K 2-L 2-M 2-N
Date 12¥28-66 2-28-86  12-08-66  12-20-66  12-29-66  12-20-66  12-29-66  12-29-56  12-29-66 12-29—66H 12-29-65
Time Regun 2:05 2155 3:50 B:40 1G: 30 13:30 12:5C 1135 2:50 3155 5:20
Dial Zero {in.} 0.0L330 0.61530 G.01930 0.01930 0.C1930 0.0155C C.01630 2.01930  0.01380 0.01G30 $.01850
biel Resding {in.) ©0.03112  0.035L.C ©.038%0 0.0LzE8 0.0L688  C.05064 £.05478 0.05869  0.09780 0.13732  C.0185¢
¢ 1 (mv) i,3801 &, 3998 g kidy L4101 kL kpos b huz8 4.hhse L 1505 4.5299 L, 6065 bo378k
TC 2 {mv) &,2171 L 2152 4.,2086 4,1867 k.1500 4,1840 i, 1662 b.1533 4,950 L,g21p 14,2630
W3 (mv) 4. itz L 4E7G b bes L. 4686 4,5868 4,5000 4.5065 h.5i21 b, 585¢ L,6719 L, hhih
0B {nyv) i ni 37 L, 4602 Y. L7302 L. hEgh L. 4890 4, 4995 L sgkyg L.5096 L, 5872 4, 66k 4, L36L
™ 5 {mv)} I R k4513 hohhio L, L56k iy, L6gh 4.5726 L4760 4.5339 4,620k 4. h4s7
S (m) 23.32k 22,330 £%.352 23.345 23,352 23.387 23.397 23.402 23.516 23.71h -
T 7 (mv) 23.197 23.201 23.221 23.18% 23.199 23.220 23.215 23.213 23.276 23,427 -
¢ 8 (mv) 02,636 22.621 22,612 20551 22,556 20.538  22.51k  20.h88 22,410 22,351 -
¢ 9 {mv) 4.3249 4.3332 L, 34C2 i.3201 4.3434 b, 3ksh I, 3452 L3420 4.36kg L.3922 L, 3bgy
TC 1 (finel) L,3833 I, 4008 h,h132 4.Lhilc L. 4300 L ki b, hhhg 4.45C0 4.5298 L.6ch6 i,3759
TC 2 {finel) h,2163 L.2156 4,2078 4,1878 b.2006 5,1799 4.1655 b,1528 4,850 §,0209 4,2615
Time Finish 2:15 3:07 4100 8:50 10137 12:17 1:01 1:46 2:00 k08 5340
T (V) 0.62 0.96 1.50 1.98 2,48 z2.77 2.97 3.11 3.50 2.50 0.0

{a) - - - -~ - - - - - - 0.0
s S;z 20.1 20.19 20.15 20.18 26.18 20.19 20.19 20.19 20,19 20.19 20.1

{a) L.80k 1.303 1.802 1.802 1.800 1.797 1.747 1.796 1,785 1.777 1.804
8 () 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 ¢.0 0.0

{a) G.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 G.9 3,0 0.0 C.0 ¢.0 0.0 0.C
R L {v) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

(a) 1.6 1.6 i.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6
HR 2 (v) 0.9 2.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 4.2 L.z 5.1 7.6 10.G -

{a) 0.5 1.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.3 4,2 6.2 9.2 -
O3 (v) i, R 4.5 5.0 5.9 6.5 7.0 7.5 10.0 10,0 -

{&) 1.C 2.7 3.6 4,3 4.8 5.2 €.3 6.0 8.¢ 9.5 -
i (v) 575 5745 7.4 57.4 57k T4 57,4 Skt 57.% 57.4 -

(a) 5.3 6.3 5.3 6.3 6.3 £.3 6.3 5.3 6.3 £.3 -
HF 2 {v) 54,5 5.5 Si b 5k.5 5k, 4 5L,4 sho b sh. i Sk, b Si,k -

{a) 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 -

V)

Table B-5.

Experimental Data for Vacuum Using Apparatus II-3B

Run - 1-A 1-3 1-C 1-D 2-A 2-B 2-C 2-D 3-A 3-B 1-C 3-D
Date 1-20-67 1-20-67  1-20-67 1-20-57 1-2k-67 1-24-67 1-24-67 1-24-67 5-24-67 5-24-57 5-24-67 5-24-67
Time Begun 2:10 2:h5 3:15 3:55 8:45 9: 40 11:20 2:25 12:40 1:30 3155 o177
Dial Zero (in.) 0.00917 0.00917  0.00917 0.00917 0.01500 0.01600 0.01600 0.01600 0.01000 0.01000 0.01079 0.1079
Dia: Reading {in.) 0.12590 0.08782  0.04859 0.02838 0.0548 0.09480 0.13%17 0.03528 0.02968 0.06A905 0.05018 0.08963
¢ 1 {mv) 0.6298 0.6295 0.6295 0.6296 4. 4860 4, 4860 L, 4856 4. 4837 8.3780 8.3826 8.2059 6.2079
¢ 2 (amv} 0.4763 0.4770 0. 4747 0.4760 4.2279 4.,2278 4.2266 L.2270 7.5811 7.5765 7.7469 7.7469
™ 3 (av) 0.6291 0.6290 0.6291 0.6295 b.4971 4,Lg6p L, 4957 L. hosl 8.5336 §.5356 8.2831 §.2829
C 4 {(mv) 0.6304 0.630 0.6302 0.6304 L. 4982 L.kg79 4.hg8: L. Lok8 8.5394 5.5415 8.2719 $.2730
¢ 5 (mv) 0.6360 0.5394 0.6371 0.6363 4.5573 L.5545 4.5523 L.5526 8.2179 8.2165 8.2951 8.294%9
6 {mv) - - - - 23,421 23.408 23.399 23.382 8.4225 8.4235 8.4lk99 -
7 {mv) - - - - 23.156 23.14% 23.135 23.128 8.1614 8.1594 &.2714 -
€ § {mv) - - - - 22,461 22.426 22.401 22.435 7.6730 7.6720 7.8571 -
¢ 9 {mv) 0.6040 0.6050 0.6032 0.6030 L.L4533 L.4s0k 4. 4487 b.lkos 7.9869 7.9835 8.0843 8.0825
TC i {final) 0.56295 0.6295 0.6293 0.6295 4, 4860 4, 4858 4.4859 4.4836 8.3795 8.3830 8.2051 8.2073
Te 2 (final) 0.4762 0.4770 0.4753 0.4757 4.2279 L.2278 2.2269 4.2279 7.5820 7.5801 7.7469 7. T450
Time ¥inisn 2:17 2:50 3:28 4:00 - 10:10 11:25 2:35 12;50 1l:40 4:05 4125
HT  (v) 2,11 2.11 2.11 2.11 .0 0.13 0.4 0.27 1k.5 14.5 0.0 0.0
(a) - - - - 0.0 - - - - - 0.0 0.0
™ (v) 2.08 2.08 2.08 2,08 8.105 §.100 8.085 8.100 20.25 20.25 12.00 12.00
(a)} 0.2979 0.2978 0.2978 0.2977 0.7292 2.7280 0.7269 0.7296 1.2 1.M2 0.848 0.848
K {v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HR 1 (v) 4.k Yk 4. by 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
{a) 4o boi 4] Lol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8
HR 2 {v) 4.9 4,9 4.8 L.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.0
{a) 5.0 5.0 4.9 b7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
HR 3 {v} 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.7 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 6.1 8.1 8.2 8.2
(a) 7.0 7.0 7.0 7. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
HE 1 (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.4 57.4 57.5 57, 83.5 82.5 83.5 83.9
(a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 6.4 6.4 o 6.4 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2
HF 2 (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 H4.6 54,6 54.6 547 78.0 78.0 78.0 8.0
(2) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 €.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.6 6.6 8.6 8.6

cl
Tabiz B-6. Exparimental fata for HPS Using Apparatus II-g
¢ W ALP

Run Nec. - 1-A i-3 1-C 1-d 1-E 1-¥ 1-G 1-H 1-1 1= i-RK
fate R-7-E a-1-67 2-7-67 2-7-57 2-7-67 2-7-67 2-7-67 2-8-67 2-8-67 2-8-87 2-8-67
Time Begun 9:10 Q325 1043 1:05 2210 3:10 £:00 8:h5 10:00 10:40 11:25
Dial Zerc (in.) ¢.00LT2 0.00172  ©.00172 0.00L72 G.00172 0.00L72 0.001L72 0.00172 C.00172 0.00L72 G.GoLT2
Dial Reading {(in.) 0.00172 C.00563  ©.00%60 0.01392 0.01743 0.02142 C.02537 $.022330 0.03334 0.03720 008115
™1 (mv) 4.SHE5 ,5568 4.5A8Y L, 573k k575 k. 5852 4,597 L.568¢ 4.59G5 N Seitst 4,5083
C 2 {mv} L, 4352 IR Th e 44019 4.3846 43777 L.3750 4.37C0 h,z&72 4.3613 L. 3570 2.53315
¢ 3 (mv) 4.6h69 4,6543 4.6680 L 679 4 6867 L.6Gig ho7008 L. 7065 4, 7080 §.T7120 h,7131

4 (mv) b 6L8L L, 6569 4. 6665 L.6755 i 6815 4,5903 k.8970 L,7050 4,700 h.7i2¢ VRSN

¢ 5 (mv) 4. 6196 %.6215 4.6310 4.,6Ls57 46638 L, 6822 4.6971 b, 7017 §.7010 L, 7obs L 702k
¢ 6 (mv) 23.248 23,243 23.256 23,301 23.32% 23,37k - 23.4h85 22.455 23.h5h 23.L49
¢ 7 (av) 23.136 23.127 23.139 23.161 23.197 232.239 - 23.28¢ 23.279 £3.27h 23.266
¢ 8 (mv) 22.251 22,221 22,199 22,158 c2.1k 22,125 - 22,092 22.086 22,075 22.056
¢ g (mv) 4.5401 4.5391 45430 4,5505 i, 560k L5733 &, 5800 4,583 %.5810 £,5839 L5823
T 1 {final)} 4, 5k65 k5534 4,5630 4,570k 55773 4.5847 54,5895 i, 5685 4.5995 L.6052 L, 6584
C 2 (final) b.4152 44039 i,3957 L. 3848 4.3787 b.37hs i, 3662 L3672 4.3615 L.3575 %,3507
Time Finish 9:20 10:37 11:35 1:35 2:30 2:20 4200 8:55 10110 10335 131:35
gr o (v) .18 4ok 5.02 Lo 4.0 1.95 1.00 .98 0.98 0.98 98
(e) - - - - - - - - - -
™ (v) 19.62 19.64 19,64 19.64 15,64 19.60 19.60 15.64 9.564 19,64 13.64
{a) 1.720 1.720 1.719 1.717 1.71k 1.711 1.710 1.712 1.712 1,718 1.712
s {v) 0.C 3.0 C.0 0.0 G.0 C.0 0.0 G0 0.0 C.0 2.0
{a) 3.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 G.O 0.0 0.0 c.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
R 1 (v) 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 ) 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
(a) 5.0 5.C 5.0 5,0 5.0 5.0 5.6 5.0 5.C 5.0 5.0
M2 (v) 2.1 2.5 2.6 H 6.0 6.8 7.5 7.k N 7.5 7.5
(=) 1.6 2.1 3.0 b0 5.0 5.8 5.3 6.k 6.4 6.k 6.4
M3 {v) 2.0 2.k 3.5 L.s 5.6 5.5 7.1 6.9 7.0 7.3 7.3
{2} 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.9 b.o 5.8 £.2 6.2 6.2 6.5 .5
i (v) 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.5 57.5 57.5 57.5
{a) 5.4 €. 6.} 6.4 E, 6.4 Bk 6.4 8.k 6.4 6.4
W2 (v) 547 557 k.7 5.7 547 Sk.7 Sh.7 5447 54,7 ST St.7
{a) 5.9 . 5.9 549 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 4.0

€L

Table B-6 (Continued)}

Run Fo. -+ 1-M i-N 1-0 1-p 1-4 1-R 1-5 1-T 1-U 1-v 1-W
Date 2-8-67 2-8-67 2-8-67 2_9-&7 Po9-67 2-9-67 2-9-67 2-9-67 2-10-67 2-10-67 2-10-67
Time 3egun 2:20 3:ho h:os 11:10 12:40 2:10 3:10 Lo 10:40 1:10 2:20
Dial Zerc {in.} 0.001772 0.00172 0.01152 0.00153 0.00153 0.00153 0.00153 0.00153 7.00072 0.00072 0.00072
Dial Reading {in.)} 0.11681 0.0ki1% 0.01152 0.05099 0.0507L 0.0k587 C.0k09o 0.03315 0.06965 0.,09173]1 0.10306
™ 1 (mv; 47030 L6030 500l b.6Lee 4 6259 4,6172 4. 6061 L.5983 4.5516 4.66399 4,6971
¢ 2 [mv) L.255h 4.3487 b k156 L. 3202 L, 3360 L3410 L, 346h0 b, 3606 4,2946 4.2815 4.2691
™ 3 {(mv) 4. 8082 b, 770 4,657 L. 7429 b, 7289 4.7191 L, 7301 L. 7040 L. 7610 L, 7oU6 4,8005
¢ L (mv) L.8113 4.7i%s L.6kLB1 Lo7ukd 4,731 47206 b,7i13 4. 7020 4. 7568 L.911 4,80l
5 {(mv} b.7531 4.7080 4.6265 47237 bo7ik6 4,7067 Loord L. 6983 L7448 L, 7682 4. 7680
¢ 6 (mv) 23.587 - - 23.471 25.h72 23.460 - - - - -
C 7 {mv) 23,326 - - 23.310 25.287 23.2777 - - - - -
€ 8 {mv) 21.884 - - 22,034 22.0%2 22.039 - - - - -
¢ 9 (mv) 4.588% - - 4.5903 4,5868 4.5832 4.5807 4.5780 4.5950 4.6090 4. 6040
e 1 {Pinal) 3, 7104 4,6061 §.5463 L,6al1 L6271 L.5150 kG068 L.5983 L6500 L 6865 4. 6959
% 2 (final) b.25kh b.3kg1 Louizy 4. 3206 I, 3370 4.3500 k. 3UB7 . 1606 L.2g32 L2775 L. 2686
wime Finish 2140 3150 5130 11125 1:00 2:30 3120 - 1i:15 1130 2:45
HT \vg L.28 0.98 4.8 2.00 1.43 p.ep 0.68 0.98 2.02 2.48 2.4
& - - - - - - = - - - -
m (V) 19,62 19.60 19.62 19.62 19.64 L9.62 19.64 19.62 19.64 19.62 1G.66k
{a) 1.697 1.703 1.720 1,705 1.709 L7077 1.707 1.711 1.706 1.698 1.7701
B (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
R 1 (v) - 5 7.5 -5 Te5 75 7.5 T.5 - - -
(a) 5.0 .0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5. 5.0 6.0 8.0
moe (v) 9.8 7.5 2. 8.7 8.1 r.8 7.5 7.5 .2 9.8 9.8
‘a) 8.3 6.4 1.6 T.h 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.k 7.9 8.2 8.2
R 3 (v) 8.8 7.3 2.0 8.0 7o 7.6 7.4 7. 8.6 9.3 5.5
(a) 7.8 6.5 1.6 7.1 6.8 6.7 4.5 6.2 7.6 8.1 8.3
HE 1 (v} 57.5 5745 57.5 575 5745 5'7.5 57.5 57.9 57.5 57.5 57.5
{a) 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.k 6.4 6.4 b 6.0 6.4
HF 2 (v) sk 7 sh.7 5h.7 Sh.T 54,7 5k Sk, 5.7 5, Sh. 54,7
(a) 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

i),
msble B-7. BExperimental Data for Helium Using Apparetus II-B

Run No. - 1-A 1-B 1-0 1-D 1-B I-F -G 1-% i-1 1~
Date 1-05-87  1-25-67  1-25-67  1-29-67  1- £5-57 1-25-67  1-25-67  1-25-67 1-25-67  1-25-87
Time Begun 10320 12:00 12350 1:25 3:35 5:00 5:30 6145 g:02 g:bo
Dial Zero {in.) 0.01870 ¢.01870 0.01870 £.01870 0.01870 0.01870 $.01870 £.CL87C 0.01870  0.01870
Dial Reading {im.)} ©.01870 ©.02255 0.0265k 0.03052 0.03432 0.03840 0.0b23h 0.0LE2G 0.09735  0.13690
¢ 1 (mv) 4,4683 4.4799 4.4881 4,5c12 b,5117 4,52190 b, 5354 4.5%1G 4,62k7 4. E74h
¢ 2 (umv) L, 3hge 4,337k L, 3241 4.313% L, 3037 L2881 4,2835 4. 2658 L.178¢ 4.1283
¢ 3 {mv) h.5k53 L, 5544 L5701 4.,5798 5.5928 L, 6083 §.6191 4.6302 i, 7040 L, 7559
T 4 (mv) L,5h6) k,5579 4,5680 L.5775 4,5928 b,B033 h,6146 L.Besh b, 7063 L, 7548
¢ 5 (mv) 4,5300 4,5305 k,5341 L.5538 L.5687 4.5843 45991 L.5159 4, 65021 4.6751
¢ 6 {mv) 23.069 23.065 23.060 23.071 23,130 23.162 23.19% 23.235 - -
¢ 7 {mv) 22,976 22,961 22,948 22,645 22.987 23.001 23.028 27,051 - -
8 (mv) 22.201 22,18k 22.156 22,11} 22.088 22.026 21,995 21.966 - -
¢ 9 {mv) 4, k575 4,456G L4576 i 4631 L.4800C b L85y b, 4906 4.503 4.509¢ L,5150
T 1 (finsl) b W666 k., 3380 4,487z L, 4993 4,5118 k.5197 45311 L. 5429 b.6259 b, 86750
¢ 2 {final) b, 3bhe L4.5540 4,3236 4,3110 4,3038 4, 2870 4, 2763 k. 2666 4.1782 L.1278
ime Finish 11125 i2¢15 1300 2:15 2145 5:10 6105 6:55 8:10 8155
g (v .77 2.90 3.56 3.38 2.95 2.00 3.00 2.72 . 3.52 4,2
) d : : 2 : : : ! oo
m (v 20,16 20,14 20.13 20,19 20.22 20.19 £0.22 2G.22 20,19 20,19
Ea; 1.7 1.783 1.789 1.786 1.785 1.783 1.781 1781 1.768 1,760
g8 {v) - - - - - - - - -
(a) - - - - - - - - - -
HR L sz _2.5 gé 2.6 ¢‘r6 2.6 2.6 eg 2.6 ;.6 2.6
a) 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
HR 2 {v} o,’o’ 0.0 1.9 Z,1 2.8 5.3 6.0 5.7 8.2 3.5
{n} 0.0 0.0 C. 1.7 3.3 L. 5.2 5.8 7.0 8.0
HR 3 (v} 2.0 2.0 3,0 L.C 5.5 6.2 6.5 7.6 8.8 3.8
{a) 1.5 1.5 2.7 3.6 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.8 7.8 8.5
HE L (v 275 575 5Ts5 57.5 75 57.5 57.5 7.9 575 7.5
€a§ 6.k 6.k 6.4 6.4 Wi €.k &b 6.k G 8.4
HP 2 (v) PR 5.7 5L.7 54%.7 5k, 7 Sk 5k. 4.7 Sk Sk
(a) 6.0 €.0 6.0 6.0 6.c 6.0 .0 6.0 6.G 5.0

Gl
Table B-7 (Continued)

76

Run No. - 2-A . 2-B 2-C 2-D 2-E 2-F 2 2-H e-I 2-J
Date 1-27-67 1-27-67 1-27-67 1-27-67 1-27-67 1-27-67 1-2 _-27-67 1-27-67  1-27-67
Time Begun 12:25 1:00 2:12 3:07 b;33 5322 6:3 7:95 8:33 9:30
Dial Zero (in.) 0.00682 0.00682 0.00682 0.00682 0.00682 0.00682 c.0 0.00682 0.00682  0.00672
Dial Reading (in.) 0.00682 C.01076 0.01451 0.018k2 0.02285 0.02695 C.03040 0.06195 0.12571 0.00672
™ 1 (mv) 9.0309 9.0390 9.0519 9.0646 9.0700 9.0773 9.08 9.1352 9.1977 9.017]
™ 2 (uv) 8.8622 8.8550 8.842L 8.8220 8.825M 8.8128 8.808 8.7538 8.7015 8.8628
TC 3 (mv) 9.1550 G.1704 9.1924 9.2071 9.2118 G.2206 9.2359 g.2776 9.2340 9.1658
¢ 4 (mv) 9.1591 5.1718 9.1895 9.2057 9.210k 9.2200 9.23k 9.2776 9.3368 9.1658
TC 5 (av) 9.0876 9.1000 9.1141 9.1h415 9.1k29 9.1519 9.1650 9.1770 9.1928 §.1058
¢ 6 (mv) 39.742 39. 754 39.783 - - - - - - -
C 7 (av) 40.000 40.08k% 40.119 - - - - - - -
¢ 8 (mv) 39.060 39.043 29.021 - - - - _ _ _
T 9 (uv) 8.993% 8.9982 3.006k 9.0234 9.0219 9.0247 9.C317 9.0263 9.0231 9.0046
7C 1 (final) 9.0308 9.0405 9.0516 9.0632 9.0690 9.0760 9.0895 9.1336 9.2012 §.0190
¢ 2 (fipal) 8.8630 8.8510 8.8h2h 8.8348 8.8242 8.8123 8.80%2 8.7545 8.6995 8.66L3
Time Finish 12:40 1:35 2221 4100 hi52 5:5C 6:50 8:10 9:05 9:50
HT gvg 4.39 5.03 6.08 4.h9 k.50 4.50 6.00 8.02 4.29
a - - _ - - - Z - - -
m (V) 24.00 24.00 24 .00 24,00 2k .00 2L.00 24.00 2k .00 24,00 24 .00
(a) 1.605 1.607 1.608 1.607 1.603 1.606 1.605 1.599 1.59k 1.6C9
0 (v) 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8
(a) 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2
HR 1 (v) 1C.0 10.0 10.0 -~ - - 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.¢
(a) 6.5 6.5 6.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
HR 2 (v) 4.6 6.0 7.2 7.2 7.6 8.6 3.3 - - -
(a) 3.6 L.6 5.7 5.7 6.1 6.8 7.3 8.0 8.1 9.0
HR 3 (v) 5.0 6.0 6.9 6.9 7.8 8.7 3.0 - - -
(a) k.o 4.8 5.7 5.7 6.6 7.1 7.5 8.0 8.1 9.1
HF 1 (v) 90.3 90.32 90.3 9.3 90.3 9.3 90.3 9.2 90.2 20.3
(a) 3.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 "G.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8
HF 2 (v) 86.0 86.0 86.0 86.0 86.0 86.0 86.0 £86.0 86.0 £6.0
(a) 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 2.5 9.¢

mabie B-8. Fxperimental Data for Argon Using Apparatus IZI-B

Bun Nc. - i-A 1-3 1-C i-D i-E i-F 1-G 1-H 1-1 - 1-K 24 2-B
Date 1-31-67 1-31-67 1-31-57 1-31-67 2-1-67 2-1-07 2-1-67 £2-1-87 2-1-67 Z-0-67 2267 5~38-67 5-18-87
Time Begun 9:00 10:30 12:40 2:02 9: 20 12337 2:35 3:30 heat 12:45 2:00 10:10 2135
pDial Zero {in.) 0.01:25 0.01725 C.0o1725 G.01725 0.01725  0.172% 0.0L725 1.01725  0.C1725  0.0L725  0.01725  ©.00008 0.00008

Diel Reading {in.) 0.01725 G.02512 0.035300 ¢.08093 0.08375  0.021319  C.0EH06  0.03633  C.0kWBC 5.09613  C€.13538 G.0C008 0.00801

¢ 1 {mv) 4,32330 44508 4.5403 i, 6046 L 6565 4.3926 4.hoot b, 5778 L.6312 4, bo55 44378 8.112%6 8.1361
¢ 2 (mv) k.1870 40572 31,9755 3.9108 38717 4.1157 3.9930 3.G500 2.,9069 L, 0693 4.0576 7.8586 7.825
T 3 {mv) Lou3hy 4.5545 4.6309 4.6990 Bo7h7l hOR966 4.5838 46781 h.TIC k.4R3c k4355 8.23z2¢C 8.2487
¢ 4 (mv) hoh398 4,5553 4,63kt i 6981 L, 7106 4, boss %, 5823 4, B754 4.7203 4. L2568 4. 4390 8.2367 5.2600
¢ 5 (mv) Loh53i] L Lery L 4762 4.4990 L, 4854 L4331 L. L55) I, 4gu8 4.L860 L k2 L4376 §.1758 8.1734
¢ 6 (mv) 22,918 22,949 22,664 - 23.005 22,846 - - - 22.904 22.884 8.3376 8.337
™ 7 {Bv) 22.550 22.48% 22,0k - 22.351 22,419 - - - 22.554 22.526 8.1577 g.1912
c 8 (mv) 21.618 21.379 21.106 - 20.875 o1.k17 - - - 21.715% 21.69h 7.8900 7.8727
€ 9 {mv)} 4, 34h7 4,3177 b, 3064 4 ,3048 4.2829 4,3143 L, 2oké 4.3104 k.2942 iy, 32b) b.3172 8.0403 8,0293
C 1 {final 4,3330 k4587 L. 542Y L.6083 b, 6545 i¢,3950 4.4873 5,5835 4,6317 b, hokg 4.,4185 8.109 8.1361
¢ 2 {final) 4.1868 L,0569 3.9764 L, 9085 3.8708 4,1162 3.9930 3.9h02 3.9076 4%.0692 L.0574 7.8553 7.8256
Time Pinish 9:15 10145 12:58 2:38 Qs iis 12:57 2:15C 3145 ko 1:00 2115 10:35 12:45
p:ug v 1.98 6.42 7.56 8.52 9.66 2.98 3.60 4.23 L,58 0.00 2,30 2.00 Lk, 72
a - - - - - - - - - 0.00 - -
m {v) 18.04 18,04 18,06 18.02 18.10 18.ck 18.04 18.0k 18,0k G.02 Q.02 2C.15 20,20
(a} 1.613 1.600 1.593 1.58¢ 1.583 1.61C 1,59 1.587 1.582 5.8163 0.8158 1.430 1.42g
S (v) 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 5.0 C.0
(&} 5.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 G.2 C.2 C.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
HR 1L {v) 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.0 10.0 16.C
{a) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 .8 x.8 1.8 1.8 .8 2.8 5.8
HR 2 (v) 9.0 4.7 6.6 7.9 7.9 2.1 5 7.5 7.5 .0 2.0 0.0 2.0
{a) 0.C 4.0 5.7 6.8 £.8 1.6 5.0 6.5 5.5 0.0 0.0 C.0 1.4
HR 2 gv; 0.0 b5 6.3 7.8 7.8 1.9 5.6 7.1 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6
{a 0.C b0 5.6 7.0 7.0 1.b 5.0 5.4 6.4 G.0 0.0 0.0 1.k
wwor (v) 58:0 58.C 58.0 58.0 58.0 58,0 58.0 8.0 58.0 58.0 58.G 83.5 83.5
{a) 8.k é. €.h 8.k 6.4 €.k 6.4 6.k é.h A 9.2 9.2
w2 (v} 55.0 £5.0 55.0 54.5 54,9 5h.g 54,9 Sh.G 54.G 54,2 Sh.9 78.1 78.1
{a} 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.0 £.0 6.0 .0 £.0 5.¢ 6.0 .0 5.6 .6

Ll

Table B-B (Continued)

Run No. - 2-C 2-n 2-F o-7 2-G 2-K 2-1 2~ 2-% 2-L 2-M 2-N 2-0
lete 5-16-67  5-18-67  5-18-67  5-19-67  5-19-67  5-19-67  5-19-67  5-19-67  5-19-67  5-19-67 = 5-19-67  5-19-67  5-19-67
Time Begun 1130 3:15 k:00 8:50 10:10 11:15 12325 1:20 1:55 2:45 4:15 5:35 6:50
Dial Zero {in.) 0.00008 0.00008  0.00008  0.00008 0.00008  0.00008  ©.00008 0.00008  0.00008  0.00008  0.0023%  0.0023% 0.0023k4
Dial Reading (in.) 0.00795 0.01290C 0.01582 0.01584 0.01978 0.02375 0.02763 0.03160 0.03556 0.03949 0.00234 0.00630 0.01025
™C 1 (mv) 8.1575 8.2779 8.194%9 8.2079 8.2226 8.2316 8.2396 8.2478 8.2560 8.2651 8.1033 8.1490 8.1761
¢ 2 (mv) 7.8000 7.7684 7.7749 7.7724 T.7547 7.7326 7.7270 7.7151 7.7092 7.7005 7.8576 7.8217 7.7852
3 (mv) 8.2770 8.2961 8.3237 8.3371 8.3566 8.3692 8.3789 8.3863 8.3946 8.4041 8.2359 8.2826 8.3156
b (mv 8.2823 8.3020 8.3018 8.3400 £.3555 8.3658 6.3765 8.3846 8.3936 8.Lo29 8.2489 8.2906 8.3185
€ 5 (mv) 8.1730 8.1790 8.:902 8.1956 8.1967 8.2002 8.2081 8.2139 8.2219 8.2320 8.1741 8.1795 8.1727
¢ 6 {(mv) 8.3402 8.3434 8.3512 8.3597 8.3596 §.3630 8.3676 8.3717 8.3761 8.3851 8.3420 - 8.3432
™ 7 (mv) 5.1851 8.1861 8.1910 8.1953 8.1919 §.1901 8.1938 8.1966 8.2012 8.2069 8.2023 - -
™ 3 (mvo 7.8578 7.8479 7.8400 7,837k 7.8234% 7.8109 7.8061 7.8002 7.7976 TOT9LT 7.8893 - -
¢ 9 (mv) 8.0218 8.0225 8.0257 8.0300 8.0240 8.0212 8.0248 8.0257 §.0296 8.0336 8.0364 8.0278 8.0179
™C 1 (final) 8.1583 8.1779 8.1946 8.2079 8.2200 B.2289 8.2400 8.2477 §.2564 8.2649 6.1050 &.1u485 8.1761
TC 2 (final) 7.8008 77877 7. 7746 7772k 7.7515 7.7356 7.7270 7.7:62 7.7088 7.7000 7.8598 7.8195 7.7876
Time Finisn 1:50 3:30 b:10 - 10:25 11:32 12:35 1:30 2:10 3:05 4:25 6:10 7:05
AT (v) 6.97 8.00 8.00 9.00 9.00 11.00 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 3.0 7.0 9.0
(a) - - - - - - - - - - - - -
M {v) 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.22 20.22
{a) i.427 1.428 1.b26 1.h2h i.hes 1.he3 1.423 1.b22 1.422 1.421 1.429 1.k26 1.h26
B (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(&) 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
He 1 (v) 10.0 10.0 10,0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
{a) .3 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8
e ) 2.3 3.8 5.1 5.1 5.7 6.3 7.0 7.4 8.1 8.5 0.0 2.0 2.8
(a) 3.2 3.0 box 4.1 k.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 6. 0.0 1.4 2.2
HR 3 (v) 2.7 3.6 L7 h.7 5.2 5.9 5.6 6.9 7.4 8.1 0.0 2.0 2.4
(a) 2.2 3.0 4.0 L.o b5 5.0 5.6 6.0 6.4 7.0 0.0 1.b 2.2
RO (v) 83.5 83.5 U3.5 83.5 82.6 83.6 83.6 83.6 83.6 83.6 83.€ 83.6 §3.6
(a) 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2
B 2 {v) 8.1 78.1 78.1 75.1 8.0 78.C 78.0 5.0 78.0 78.0 78.0 78.0 78.C
{a) 8.6 8.6 3.6 8.6 8.6 §.6 6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6

un No. - 2-p 2-q -4 3-B 3-C 3D 3-E 2-F 3 3-H 3-1
§-10-67  5.19-67  5-23-67  5-23-67  §-23.88  5-23-67  5-23-67  5-23-67  5-23-67 = 5-23-67  5-23-67
Begun 7240 B:io 12:25 1335 2:20 3:00 100 L2 hg 6:28 ; 7:35 9109
Zero {in.) 0.00234 0.00234 0.00633 5.00633 G.00633 0.0067%3 0.00€633 0.00633 C.00750 0.00750 £.0CT750
Reading (in.) £.01k16  0.0023%  0.,00533  0.01C27  6.01L25 3.0182 0.02210  ©.02601  0.00750  0.0ilkk 0.03118
€ 1 (mv) 8.1979 8.1028 8.1030 8.14E4 8.1795 8.2087 3.2262 §.2427 8.1037 8.1496 8.2658
™ 2 (mv) 7.7653 7.8632 7.8478 747935 7.77 T.7h7E 77300 7.7201 7.8509 7.71932 7.6983
™ 3 {(mv) 8.3361L 8.2475 8.2752 8.3156 8.3189 8.3731 8. 3920 §.41133 B.2754 8.3151 8.4323
¢ 4 (mv) 8.3365 8.2547 8.2829 8.3206 8.3536 8.3749 8.3935 8.h121 8.28352 §.3210 8.4318
¢ 5 (mv) 8.1798 8.1713 8.1882 2.1785 8.1797 8177k 8,183k 8.1928 8.1846 §.1780 g.2101
TC 6 {mv) 8.3k56 - 8.3689 8.3620 8.3615 8.362k 3.3644 §.3720 &.3595 8,364 8.3851
C 7 (uv) - - 8.2012 8.1831 8.1788 8.17:6 8.1721 8.1753 8.1082 8.18:41 8.1863
8 (mv) - - 7.8540 7.8236 7.8215 T TS 7.7857 7.7757 7-8533 7.8222 7.7687
0 9 (mv) 8.0121 8.0379 8.0399 8.0205 &.0157 8.0081 8.0080 §.010€ 8.0384 8.0190 8.0176
¢ 1 {final) 8,1640 8,103C 8.1029 8.147 8.18%2 8.2069 B.2061 8.2453 g.2031 B.1470 8.2645
TC 2 (final) 7.76%0 7.8650 7.8480 7.7955 71695 T.7456 7.72G6 7.7152 7.3500 7.793 7.6992
Finish 8:00 9:00 12:35 1150 2142 3130 4710 5:15 E:ko 7:55 9:20
{v) 10.0 4,0 6.50 G.20 16.5 ii.5 12.0 12.5 o g.2 12.5
(a) - - - - - - - - - - -
{v) 20.25 20.22 20.25 20.25 2¢.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25
{a) 1.425 1.429 1.429 1.426 1.b2 1.423 r.hze 1.420 1.428 1.425 1.418
{v) 0.0 5.0 C.0 9.C C.5 ¢.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 C.0
{a) 0.0 C.0 C.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Q.G 2.0 5.0 ¢.0
Sv) 10.¢ 10.0 10.c 10.0 10.0 10.0 1.0 10,0 16.0 10.0 1C.0
{a) 6.8 3.8 9.8 5.8 9.8 6.8 9.8 3.8 9.8 G.8 9.8
{(v) 2.8 0.0 1.8 2.7 2.2 3.8 L7 5.6 1.8 2.7 5.9
{a) 3.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.7 4.5 1.0 z.0 5.5
2 ;"2 3.5 0.0 1.7 2.k 3. 3.5 .3 5.2 5 2.5 6.5
{a) 3.0 0.C 1.0 2.0 2.6 3.0 37 ) 1.0 2.¢ 5.5
(v} 83.5 83.5 83.3 83.5 83.5 83.5 3.5 83.5 93.5 3.5 83.5
(a} 9.2 9.2 9.2 G.2 9.2 g.2 9.2 G.2 g.2 G.2 Q.2
2 (v} 78.1 8.1 78.¢ 78.¢ 78.0 78.0 76.0 78.¢C (8.0 78.0 78.0
{a) 8.6 8.5 5.6 6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6

6,
Takle B-9.

Experimental Data for Vacuum Using Apparatus IlI-B

Run No. - 1-A 1-B 1-C 2-A 2-8 2-C 3-A 3-B 3-C 3-D 3-E 3-F
Dete L.29-68 4-30-68  L4-30-68 5-14-68 5-14-68 5-14-68 5-20-69 5 20-59 5-20-69 5-21-69 5-21-69 5-21-69
Time Begun 3:20 8:30 11:00 9:05 10:48 2:b5 12:30 3:5% 4:i5 9:05 10:00 1:15
Dial Zero {in.) 0.00550 0.00550  0.00550 0.00350  0.00350  0.00350  0.00950 0.00950  0.00950 0.00950 0.00950  ©0.00950
Dial Reading {in.) 0.04592 0.84u40 0.12364 0.04287 0.08221 0.08185 0.11795 0.11695 0.09665 0.0963C 0.03629 0.06950
C 1 {mv) 4.73500 L.o72734 k4. 73072 L.92576 4.92231 L.67598 b k1962 4.63530 L.63410 4 .64323 4.639:3 4. 47694
2 (mv) 4., 44768 4, 4401l B, 44248 1,04408 4.o418Y 4, 28115 3.85608 3.85880 3.85735 3.86968 3.87027 3.90316
C 3 (mv) G.7aTok L.74000  4.75778 4.97487 L. 96879 4.69932 k.Lh3ell L, 67283 4,67104 4 ,68082 L.67722 h.5hhs1
™ 4 (mv) 4. 74866 7.74165  1.74813 4.97696 L., 96909 . 70045 4.43380 4.67246 4.66933 4.68060 L.67640 L 54355
€ 5 (mv) L5863y 4.57100 L.57520 4 .28821 L. 28609 Y.heT2 4. Lhsh) L, L7043 L. 46990 L. 48101 . 48098 4. 45886
¢ 6 {mv) - - - - - - 4,636k 4.8493 - 4.8567 4.659h 4.8u3h
7 {mv) - - - - - - h.4934 4.kg59 - 4.5061 L.5067 L.hg52
™ 8 {wv) - - - - - - 4,2363 L2171 - 4.2165 4.2163 k.z120
C 9 (mv) 4.53910 L.52620  L.53068 L. 20146 L.19896 L. 36646 L.2327k L.ou62lk - L, 25692 4.25759 b.okr12
TC 1 (final) 4.75725 b.72807  %.73331 4.92582 4.92:73 4.68345 4.42003 4.63527 4.63340 4.64332 4.63892 447597
TC 2 (final) 4. 45500 4.43790  h,Lb2sé 4.04376  L.ok2ol 4.27715 3.85644 3.89770 3.85735 3.86980 3.87051 3.90290
Time Finish 3155 8:55 11:15 9:25 11:02 h.07 12:42 4:10 L:20 9:15 10:12 1125
HT (v% 9.2 9.2 10.06 7.23 7.22 5.28 0.0050 7.5620 7.5620 7.5603 7.5564 4.5639
& - - - - - - - - - - - -
o (v) 10.08 10.10 10.08 15.98 15.98 11.06 6.9554 10.5635 10.5635 10.6186 10.6156 10.5596
{a) 0.9600 0.9615 0.9603 1.485 1,086 1.053 0.6812 1.0132 1.0132 0.0178 1.0280 1.0229
HS (V) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(=) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HR 1 () 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
(a) 10. 10.9 10.0 10.0 10.0 0. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
IR 2 (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
{a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
IR 3 {v) 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
{a) ).0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
B 1 (v) 5.8 45.8 45.8 b€ Ly .6 L. 6 58.0 58.6 58.6 58.1 58.1 58.1
(a) 5.0 5.0 5.0 +.8 4.8 4.8 6.4 8.k 6.4 6.4 6.k 6.k
HF 2 (v} 46.1 k6.1 b1 “5 .2 H . 49.3 55.5 55.5 55.5 55.5 55.5 55.5
fa) 5.0 5.0 5.0 L.8 4.6 4.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

08
Tabie B-9 {Continued)

A

Run No. - -G 3-H 3-1 3-J 3-K 3-L 3-K 3-8 3-0 - 3-P 3-Q
Date 5-22-69 5-22-69 §-22-6G 3-22-65 5-26-69 5-26-69 5-26-69 5-27-69 5-27-69 5-28-69 5-28-£9
Time Begun 9: 45 11:25 1517 bi05 12:01 1:15 3:15 11:10 1:k5 9:11 11:50
Dia) Zero {in.) 0. 00900 0.00900 0.00%00 0.00900 ©.00895 ©.00895 0.00895 0.00945 ¢.00%20 C.00650 0.00950
Dial Reading {in.)} 0.0170 0.05725 .11550 C.00902 C.01642 0.0G345 0.003895 0.00045 0. 00920 0.09660 0.09680
C L {mv) 5.072i8 5.07337 5.06542 4.81593 5.65625 z 65577 5.32091 5.27146 5.25189 b &1khs L,5545
¢ 2 (mv) 3.86710 3.86620 1.86782 3.95608 2.83283 3.83880 2.,98725 2. 9k277 2.36323 3.87430 2,87881
¢ 3 {mv) 5.16607 5.16756 5.15535 4.96167 S8 5.840995 5.60207 5.5645k% 5.55558 4.,65053 4.5 hE22
¢ & {mv) 5.16560 5.16626 5.15710 k,96193 5.84800 5.8L842 5.60160 5.55708 5.5k145 i, 64809 4, 58102
™ 5 (mv) 4.53827 4,53G36 53954 4.51708 4,61330 L.62100 4. 58947 L ,5L500 4.55h72 4. h7ies 4, 45870
™ 6 f(mv) %, 9001 %, 502k ik, 5008 4.8846 4,047 L. 5508 b, 9356 L. 9035 4,9075 4.8381 4,838k
7 {mv) ¥,5121 k.5135 4.5137 %,5062 9.4957 4.5018 4,4949 44580 4,462 L ig93 %, 502k
¢ 8 (mv) 54,1751 §,1755 4.1765 4.1811 h.d're’ L.0770 i#,0835 u.osss‘ b.O702 h.2164 L, 2269
¢ G (mv) L4, 285L0 L.28535 b.28538 4,27500 4,31032 L.31508 4. 30003 b, 25694 4.26563 4,25313 b, 2508k
TC 1 {firal) 5.07257 5.07318 5.06542 4.81437 4 ,65585 5.65605 5,3213% 5.27178 5.25191 i, 861555 L. 55466
¢ 2 {final) 3.86675 3.86667 3.86784 3.95620 3.83322 3.83636 3.98026 2.9kh0G 3.963C1 3.87811 3. 87502
Time Finish 10305 11:35 1:25 Liis 12313 1:30 3:30 11322 1:55 9:30 12:00
H?  (v) 14.0865 14,0875 13.8571 11.1923 21.3285 21.3137 i8.m27 18,4555 18.4k50 7.4767 0.0
{(a) - - - - - - - - - - 0.0
W {v) 16.2273 16.2106 16,1544 16.2247 23,3177 £5.3179 23,610k 23.5360 23,5118 10.6360 10.6317
(a} 1.4942 1.bgzs 1.4918 1.515C 2.0372 2.0369 2.092% 2,092¢ 2.0917 1.0216 1.0266
2 (v) 0.0 G.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C 0.C 0.0 C.0 0.0
(a) 9.0 G.0 0.0 0.C 6.0 0.0 0.C 9.0 c.0 0.0 0.0
MR L (v} 10.¢ 1C.0 10.0 10.0 1¢.0 1C.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.¢ 10.0
(&) 10.0 1.0 10.0 10.0 10.C 1G.0 10.0 10.¢ 16.0 1G.C 10.0
HR 2 (v} G.C 6.9 0.0 ¢.0 C.0 0.C C.0 .0 0.0 .0 G.0
(a} 0.0 Q.6 C.0 C.0 G.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0
R 3 {v) C.0 0.0 C.0 ¢.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 G.0
(a) 0.0 G.G C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HF 1 {v) 58.0 58.0 58,1 58.1 s8.1 58.1 58.0 58.0 s8.0 58.0 58.0
{a} €.4 6.k .4 6.4 8.k €.4 €.k 8.4 6.k 6.4 .k
w2 {v) 55.5 55.5 55 .4 554 55.3 55 .5 55,4 55.7 55.7 55.7 557
(a} 8.0 5.0 £.0 6.0 £.9 5.9 5. 6.0 6.0 £40 €.0

18
Table B-9 {Continued)

Run No. -+ 3-R 3-8 3-T h-A L-B b-c 4-D 4-E 4-F 4-G 4-H
Date 5-28-69 €-29-69 5-29-69 6-16-69 6-17-69 6-17-69 6-~k-69 6-25-69 6-25-6G 6-27-69 6-27-69
Time Begin - 9145 3:20 3:40 9:40 3:3% 3145 8139 3:05 1:15 3:25
Dial Zero (ir.) 0.00950 0.00950 0.00950 0.07505 0.0760Y 0.07605 0.07630 0.07630 0.07665 0.07660 G.01660
Deial feading {in.) 0.10020 0.10050 0.10251 0.15%400 0.08408 0.07605 0.12088 0.08175 0.07665 0.11920 ¢.07878
¢ 1 (mv) L 4671h 4.44503 4. 25802 2.85182 2.8597u 2.27650 1.98446 1.99560 1.50110 2.02568 2.03860
TC 2 (mv) 3.87826 3.87370 3.87468 0.53666 0.53118 0.60441 0.k2329 0.42756 0.44636 0.52970 0.52553
¢ 3 (mv) - 4.41243 L, 2k505 ».89315 2.90084 2.38276 1.98752 1.99685 1.53108 2.02824 2.03982
¢ & (v} - 4. 46458 L.26154 2,89347 2.9005k 2.38000 1.98796 1.99767 1.53098 2.02849 2.08102
C 5 (mv) - 4.35515 L, 2g84Y 0.54295 0.63487 0.58655 0.45202 0.45457 0.43473 0.54016 0.53558
X 6 (mv) - b.6587 4.5820 0. 4748 0.4645 0.4362 0.3567 0.3541 0.34311 0.4259 0.4186
70 T (mv} - 4.loug 4.3970 0. k484 0.4336 0.4188 0.3578 0.3490 0.3419 0.4332 0.h262
¢ 8 (mv) - 4.1910 4.1885% 0.3714 0.3633 0.357h 0.3117 0.3088 0.3087 0.3933 0.3870
9 (mv) - L,18170 4.14887 0.58747 0.57949 0.56751 0.43198 0.43507 0.43708 0.52599 0.52172
TC 1 {f£inal) L. kéT71Lk . ih514 L.25888 2.85187 2.85953 2.27379 1.98557 1.99570 1.50065 2.02634 2.03908
¢ 2 {final) 3.87826 3.87349 3.87794 0.536k1 0.53072 0.6C330 0.42311 0.42716 0.44627 0.52921 0.52505
Pime Finish - 10:05 3:33 3:50 9:55 3:50 4:00 8:45 3:15 1130 3:h5
ar (v 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0712 15.0703 12.20% 10.2909 10.2909 8.3677 10.3345 10,3265

{a 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - - - - Z -
o {v) - 10.6599 £.9100 13.95i0 13.94L5 £3.80L0 8.9272 8.9287 8.8g22 8.9403 8.9L60

{a) - 1.0392 0.685k 1.556k 1.5542 1.6368 1.1078 1.1063 1.1732 1.10368 1.1026
H  (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 5.6

{a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.6
KR 3 {v) 10.0 - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

(=) 10. - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HR 2 {v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

{a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
MR 3 (v} 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

(a) 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0
HP L (v) 58.0 58.0 58.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

(a) 6.k 6.4 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HF 2 {v; 55.7 55.6 55.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0 0.0

{a) 6.0 6.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.C G0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c8

Teble B-10. Experimental Data for Helivm Using Apparatus III-B

Run Ho. = 1-A 1-3 1-C 1-D 1-E 1-F 2-4 2-3 2-C 2-0 2-B
Date 5-15-68  5=15-~68 5-15-58 5-15-68 5-15-~68 5-15-68 5-16-68 5-16-68 5-16-8% 5-16-68 5-16-68
Time Begun 10335 11:15 1120 2:33 3325 L1 16827 1115 12:4C 1136 3100
Dial Zero (in.) 0.00150  ©.00150 G.0CL50 ©.C0L50 $.00156 2.0C1L50 $.00150 C.00150 0.00159 €.0C15C 0.C0150

Dial Reading {in.) 0.00308  0.02135 C.04kCcg2 C.OBOWC 0.1166h C. 00540 0,0054k CL.O0THL 0.00938 C.01339 0.02120

¢ 1 (mv) L.u6667 448898 L. L8682 L.499G3 4.50992 b.45916 4. hoot2 L.48898 4.49031 4,59150 %,49906
¢ 2 {mv) b, 46918 k. hoesh 4, 44759 i, 43206 hok2302 b iepre b, 4GBk i, 45654 L, 4934 L.hgike 4, 48580
¢ 3 {(uv) 4,490G 4,5166 4.5072 k5272 %.5250 k4835 4.5136 4.5166 k.sig7 4,5216 L,5232
¢ 4 (mv) 4.4899 4 ,5162 %,5072 4.,5181 4,5284 4. k821 L5154 .5162 4,5193 4.5210 4,523
¢ 5 (mv) b, 468k 5,492 k4658 HE YA b Lhéhg 4 4601 L.4ghs 4.hgep L4900 4.hooB 44901
¢ 6 (mv) - - - - - - - - - - -
© 7 () - - - - - - - - - - -
™ 8 {mv) - —~ - - - - - - - - -
¢ 9 (wv) 4, 56867 L. 463 4,4606 L. 4559 4.14536 L, 4566 L L 4o 4. horh L.bh906 L.4887
™ 1 (final) 4. 46680 4 b5k i k869 b, 49920 4.50952 L.450h6 & 48763 L. 48843 4.49118 L. 4938 L uoBl
¢ 2 (finel) §.47327  b.45TO 4 k4765 L k3255 442278 L. 46065 k ko756 i, 40628 4.59395 4, 49061 L, 4853h
Time Finish 11:37 12:30 1:35 2150 3:40 by3c 10:50 11130 1100 1155 3117
HT §v; 3.58 3.70 3.89 k.09 .30 3.63 3.61 2.1 3.75 3.79 3.80
" Z - — — Z - - - - - -
W™ (v) 11.00 11.6C 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.0C 11.60 11.00 11.00
{e) 1.067 1.066 1.066 1.065 1.064 1.067 1.064 1.054 1.06k 1.064 1.06%
8 (v} 0.0 C.0 0.0 Q.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C ¢.0 0.0 Q.C
(e} 0.0 0.0 ¢.0 0.¢ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 c.0 0.C 0.C
HR 1 {v) 10.0 10.0 10.¢ 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10,0 10.0 16.0
(a) 10.0 iC.0 10.0 10.0 16.0 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
HR 2 {v) 0.0 0.6 0.0 3.0 .0 0. 6.0 0.0 0.0 C. 0.6
{a) 0.0 0.C 0.0 0.0 G.0 e} 010 ¢.0 0.0 C.0 5.0
HR 3 gvg 0. 0.0 0.0 C.C ¢.0 C.0 0.C ¢.0 0.C ¢.0 C.C
& 0.0 G.C 0.0 2.0 0.0 ¢.o C.0 C.0 0.0 C.5 ¢.0
¥ 1{v) k.5 Lk,5 Liy 6 L 6 hi 6 N I 4k 6 Ly, & HEAES bh,5
{a) 4.8 4.8 L.8 4.8 4,8 .8 4.8 b, 4.8 4.8 4.8
HR 2 (v% 45,1 45,1 Lg,.2 45,2 45,2 kg2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45,1 45,1
{a 4.8 L,8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 L8 4.8 b 4.8

£8

mable B-10 {Continuec)

Fun %o. -+ 3-A i-B 3-C 3-D 3R i-F -G oy -1 3-J
Date £-21-68 5-21-65 5-21-68 5-p1-68 5-21-68 5 -p0-66 5-p2-68 5-22-68 5-22-68 5-23-68
Time Begun 9:55 12:20 1:55 3129 41310 G: Lo 11:L5 2115 4105 9115
Dial Zero {in.) 0,00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.0008% 0.00035
Dial Reading {an.) 0.00275 0.00474 0.00676 0.00873 C.01264 0.02060 0.04012 0.0 7940 0.118%9 0.,00873
¢ 1 (mv) 0.69932 0.70271 0.7:024 0.70857 0.7:978 0. 7352k 0.77943 0.83894 0.86340 0.72427
C 2 {mv} 0.66768 0.5634G 0. 65895  0.55485 0.64751 0.62570 0.59132 0.54530 0.5:077 0.65769
™ 3 {mv) 0.7721 0.7776 0.7836 0.784k4 0.797k 0.8100 0.8475 ©.5081L 0.95915 0.7986
C 4 {mv) 0.7696 0.7736 0.78:3 0.7829 0. 7947 0.8068 0.8k54 0.9052 0.0G476 0.7965
¢ 5 (mv) 0.599 0.59% 0.5954 0.5999 0.5016 0.5956 0.5973 0.6043 0.6112 0.5044
6 {mv) - - - - - - - - - -
¢ 7 (mv) - - - - - - - - - _
8 (mv) - - - - - - - - - -
¢ 9 (mv) 0.6075 0.6062 0.6048 0.6036 0.6031 0.5928 0.5850 0.5767 0.5720 0.6080
T¢ 1 (finali) 0.69833 0.70311 0.70520 0.70883 0, 71988 0.73643 0.77125 0.83896 0.88346 0.72426
TC 2 (final) 0.66757 0.66353 0.65892 0.65476 0.64772 0.62563 0.59138 0.5hhob 0.51077 0.65790
Time Finish 10:15 12:36 2:10 3:35 hi2s 9:50 12:00 2:30 4115 9120
HT EZQ 2.56 2.89 2.90 2.92 2.99 3.03 3.22 3,49 3.68 2.95
HM (v) 15.12 15,12 15.12 15.12 15.12 15.15 15.18 15.21 15.24 15.15

(a) 2.237 2,254 T .23 2,237 2,223 2.225 2,213 2,10 2,18¢ 2.231
g (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ia) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HR : (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

{a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
R 2 (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HR 3 {v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 o, 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

o1 (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0

{a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 G.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HF 2 {v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

{a) 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0

3
Table B-11, Ixperimentel Ieta for HIS Using Apparatus III-B

Run No. - 1-A 1-B 1-C 1-D 1-E i-F 1-G 1-H 1-I 1~F 1-K 1-L 1-M 1-N
Date 7-16-68 7-16-68 7-16-68 7-16-68 7-16-588 7-16-63 7-17-68 7-17-68 7-17-68 7-17-68 7-17-68 7-18-68 7-18-68 7-18-68
Time Begun 10:10 11110 12:25 1:40 2:hs 3:55 §:15 10:5 12:17 2:25 3557 8130 10125 12:42
Dial Zerc (in,) 5.0ck0G  ©.0Gk0O0  C.O0RGO  ©.00KOD  0.004OC  C.OCKO0 0,000 0.00800  0.00LOC  0.0CHOO  0.00M00  C.O0KO0  0.00400  0.0CLH00
Dial Reading (in.) 0©.0056C 0.0079% C.0099% ©.01188 0.01582 0.02370 $.03150 0.0%337 0,06316 0.12212 0.02370 C.02375 0.02755 0.00560
¢ 1 (mv) L. 422k L. 4270 L.ohze3 L4337k hokhsg k.4585 4,795 4 484 4,505k 5.5707 L4733k hohBTL b k712 k. heig
TC 2 {mv) k.3036 4.2995 42974 4,2953 4,2Gk1 4,2933 k. 3004 4.,3019 4.,2930 L.2775 4.3084 4,2983 L. 2988 4.3039
¢ 3 {mv) L,52L8 L,5289 4,5358 L, 507 i, 5hop L5621 L.5811 4.5880 4.,6050 L,6696 h,575 i, 5676 4,5718 b.5234
¢ & {nv) k.5250 4.5299 4.,5357 i, 5407 4.55h97 4,5619 k,5831 4.,5869 4, 605 h.E67LT L.5740 i .5686 4,5728 4.5236
% 5 {mv) %.5013 4.5008 14,5020 4.5030 L5062 %,5102 %.,5232 k,5258 4.5305 L.5502 k. 5252 k5164 4,5181 ik.5012
¢ 6 (mv) 4,636 - i,637 - 4.637 4,637 4.650 4,651 4,853 k662 4,654 h,6Lh 4,646 4,637
¢ 7 {mv) 4,585 - k,583 - k.583 4,583 L.597 4,598 k.598 b, 60k 4.600 h.593 L .59k 4,585
¢ 8 (o) §.509 - L.,506 - 405 4,405 b.416 5,416 B 413 by 4417 bl k A 4.409
™ 9 (mv) b 4126 b.4117 4225 L.41305 k,4156 4.418k 4.4308 4, 4329 bo435h b by k.5333 b, h2k7 L, ke6p k4126
¢ 1 (£inml) B.521¢ 4, k266 k14323 L. 4375 4, ki70 4.4588 4 by 4, 4843 b, 5oh2 4,5722 b2 4,67l hoy7ilk b k216
TC 2 (fipal) 4,3024 14,2986 L.2970 k. 29573 4.2947 L.2935 4.3006 4. 3018 4,2931 L. 2802 4,307k 4,2982 L, 2087 k.,3036
Time (finish) 16:25 11:25 12:50 1155 3310L L:00 3230 11:00 12:40 2:50 be10 8:43 10435 12:52
HT Ev% 4,00 .30 L.70 .90 5.20 5 .64 5.92 €.13 €.63 8.35 5.63 5.63 5.73 3.9

&) - z - z - - - - Z - - - z
B {v) 17.56 17.56 17.56 17.60 17.5 17.58 17.60 17.58 17.60 17.60 7.62 17.62 17.60 17.60

{a) 1.692 1.692 1.690 1.690 1.689 1.688 1.685 1.686 1.685 1.€78 1.689 1,689 1.689 1.69%
H  (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.¢ 0.0 .0 .0 0.0

(a) 0.0 0.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0 .0 0.0
HE 1 §v% 9.2 9.2 9.2 G.2 9.2 9.2 3.2 G.2 9.0 9.0 9.0 3.0 9.0 9.0

8, 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.C 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Hfi 2 {v) 4.0 L, 4,6 5.0 .0 L. L.o 5.0 %.0 4.0 4.0 k.9 4.0 -

{a) 2.2 z.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2 2.2 2.2 .2 2.2 2.2 2.2
KR 3 {v) 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 2. 2.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 -

{a) 2.1 21 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2. 2.1 2.1 -
HF 1 (v) 5k.8 54.8 54.8 5h.8 5.8 54.8 s4.8 54,8 54,8 54.8 54.8 54,8 54.8 -

(a) €.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 .C 6.0 6.0 €.0 .0 -
HF 2 (vg 52.6 53.6 3.6 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.7 53.7 53.7 53.7 53.7 53.7 -

(a 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5. 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 -

e
Table 3-1i (Continued)

Run No. - 1-0 2-A 2-B 2-C 2-D 2-E 2-F 2-G 2-H 3-A 3-B 3-C 3-D 3-E
Date 7-18-68 7-19-68  7-19-68 7-19-68 7-19-68 7-19-68 7-22-68  7-22-66  7.22-68 7-24-68 7-25-68 7-26-68 7-29-68 7-30-68
Time Begun 2:05 10:55 12:35 1:50 2:55 4:00 9:45 2:05 3:30 10330 9:05 9:20 10:30 9:35
Diai Zero (in.) 0.00500 0.00380 0.00380 0.00380 0.00380 0.00380 0.00380 0.00380 0.003680 0.00380 0.00380 ©.00380 0.00380 0.00380
Dial Beading (in.) 0.00800 0.00538 0.007Th 0.00971 0.01168 0.01562 0.01565 0.02350 0.03132 0.06611 0.10677 0.04800 0.03192 0.8483
C 1 (mv) 4,4%257 2.5149 2.5217 2.5268 2.5507 2.5381 2.5425 2.5562 2.5695 0.8166 0.8409 0.8175 0.8129 0.8383
™ 2 (mv) 4.2987 2.4157 2.4164 2.4162 2.4152 2.4139 2.5178 2.4150 2.hii2 0.7568 0.7565 0.7691 0.7740 0.7655
™ 3 (mv) 4.5277 2.5980 2.6050 2.6097 2.6142 2.6213 2.6253 2.6391 2.6527 0.8479 0.8704 0.8473 0.8423 0.8665
™ 4 {mv) 4.5277 2.5984 2.6050 2.6099 2.61h2 2.6214 2.6253 2.6386 2.6516 0.8486 0.871k 0.8u77 0.8L2z 0.8671
™C 5 (mv) 4.5003 2.5308 2.5339 2.5363 2.5380 2.5404 2.5445 2.5493 2.553% 0.80k1 0.8:72 0.8117 0.613: 0.8210
TC 6 {mv) 4.635 2.612 2.6:4 2.618 2.618 2.618 2.625 2.625 2.628 0.894 0.903 0.98 0.915 0.905
¢ 7 {mv) L.58L 2.503 2,603 2.606 2.605 2.606 2.61% 2,613 2.614 0.588 0.892 0.902 0.908 0.901
¢ 8 (mv) 4.507 2,472 2. 474 2.473 2.473 2.483 2,483 2,480 0.850 0.849 0.865 0.869 0.863
C 9 {(mv) 4.4110 2,474k 2.4768 2.4785 24745 2.k81 2.4851 2,488 2.4910 0.7806 0.7904 0.7886 0.7905 0.7954
°C 1 (final) L. k256 2.5154 2.5219 2.5269 2.5310 2.5385 2.5427 2.5565 2.5697 0.8157 0.8409 0.8172 0.8123 0.8385
C 2 {final) L, ,2986 2.4161 2.4164 2.4162 2.4155 2.4142 2.4180 2,414k 2.4113 0.7588 0.7565 0.7689 0.7735 0.7659
Time Finish 2115 11:15 12:50 2:05 3110 k115 10:08 2:20 - 10:45 9:20 9:35 10:50 9:45
BT Evg L.27 6.12 6.28 2.32 6.44 6.55 6.56 6.85 7.15 4,38 4,92 3.96 3.80 i by
a - - - Z - Z - - - Z Z - -
o Vi sk el B D DR % P U % 1% I Ik T
s (v) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(&) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
AR 1 (v) 9.0 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.6
(a) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5. 5.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
R 2 {v} 4,0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.9 3.9 3.0 3.1 3.3
{a) 2.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7
HR 3 {v) 3.7 5.8 6.5 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4
{a) 2.1 4.2 b2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 b1 L.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
w1 (V) 5k4.8 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1 6.1 36.1 36.1 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 1.0
(a) 6.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 5.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.0 2.0 .0 2.0 2.0
HF 2 (v) 53.7 35.5 35.5 35.5 3545 35.5 35.6 35.6 35.6 i9.2 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0
(a) 5.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 3 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Table B-12. Reduced Experimental Data for H,0 Using Apparatus I-A

Specimen Thermal
Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,

Run NX Tove Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/A AT/ (G/A)
o (cm) (°c) (°c) G ¥ (W em™@) (°C cn® W)
1-A 0.5122 22.8 16.66 <0.05 1.000 C.200 83.3
1-B 0.3861 18.4 12.04 <0.05 1.000 0.201 o4.9
1-C C.2773 29.4 13,04 <0.05 1.C00 0.299 3.6
1-D 0.1301 29.6 6.84 <0.05 1.000 0.3C0 22.8
1-E C.0502 28.6 4.53 <0.05 1.000 0,301 15.0
1 0.2512 46.5 19. 3% <0.05 1.000 0.451 k2.9
1-G% 0.12L6 §5.2 11.12 <0.05 1.000 0.457 2.5
1~ 0.0625 Lk 6 6.86 <0.05 1.000 0.456 15.0
1-I% 0.0315 b .5 b, 7o <0.05 1,000 C.ui48 1C.5
2-A 0.3805 52.2 26.55 <0.05 1.000 0. 452 58.7
2-B 0.3679 52.7 26,48 <0.05 1.000 0.452 58.6
2-C O.241h 51.9 18.99 <0.05 1.000 0.455 4.7
2-D 0.1137 50.7 10.54 <0.05 1.000 0,460 22.9
3-A 0.3740 37.7 20.89 <0.05 1.000 0.350 59.7
3-B G.2460 37.9 1h.7h <0.05 1.000 5.352 41.9
3-C C.1701 38.4 10.82 0.0 1.000 0.352 3C.7

L9

aThese data used to calculate k for Run 1.
Tabie B-13. Reduced Experimental Date for Hg Using Apparatus I-A

Specimen Thermal

Thickness,  Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat ¥lux, Resistance,

X Tavg Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/A AT/ (Q/A)

(er) (°c) (°c) : : (1 en®)  (°c o W)

0.49Lé 60.2 6.99 <0.05 1.000 0.63k 11.03
0.2L08 60.8 5.10 <0.05 1.000 0.634 8.0k
0.2401 60.9 5.33 <0.05 1.000 0.66¢ 7.97
1130 60.5 .33 <0.05 1.00C 0.666 6.u7
0.0568 56.8 3.86 <0.05 1.000 0.670 5.76
0.2L18 61.2 k.o3 <0.05 1.000 0.668 7.38
0.1180 61.2 L.o2 <0.05 2.000 0.667 6.03
0.3810 61 .4 6.04 <0.05 1.000 0.668 G, 04
0.2419 60 .4 .96 <0.05 1.000 0.662 7,47
0.1142 60. 4 4.07 <0.05 1.000 0.66L 6.12
0.0147 60.4 3.38 <0.05 1.000 0.666 5.08

86
Tuble B-1k.

89

Reduced Experimental Data for HIS Using Apparatus I-A

Specimen Thermal
Thickness,  Temperature,  Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,

ij X Tavg Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/h Ar/{a/a)
No. (cn) 1) &) & ¥ (W ew™®) (o e W)
-4 0.3800 305.8 17.60 ~0.011 1.011 0.1281 137.1.
1-B 0.3L70 306.2 k.57 0.03 0.982 0.12% 116.8
1-C 0.2020 306.0 10.63 0.07 0.975 0.124 85.8
1-D 0.1258 2074 7.97 0.1k 0.975 0.125 63.6
1-5 0.0506 307.3 S.77 0.17 0.992 0.130 W3
1-F 0.0251 307.5 5,00 0.16 0.997 0.132 38.4
1~G 0.0891 306.7 6.78 0.18 0.981 0.129 504
1-H 0.1641 3064 9.18 0.12 0.969 0.130 70.4
1-1 0.2600 306.4 12.37 0.05 0.976 0.130 G5.0
1-J 0.0130 206.9 .78 .13 0.999 0.133 35.9
2-A 0.0120 216.0 .80 0.1h 0.999 0.135 5.6
DB 0.0510 209.2 5.81 0.19 0.993 0.130 bl 7
?~C 0.0659 308.5 6.40 0.15 0.991 0.130 ho.p
ey 0.2300 1 307.6 11.36 0.05 0.981 0.129 88.1L
e 0.2886 307.6 13.52 0.03 0.98u4 0.128 105.6
2-F 0. 3491 307.1 15.45 0.02 0.986 0.128 120.7
I-A 0.3815 Shly .6 14,16 <0.0L 1.000 0.128 110.2
2B 0.3557 5415, 5 1341 <(.01 1.0CO 0.128 10k, 4
2-C 0.3048 Shs.1 12,2k <0.01 1..000 0.128 04,2
3-D 0.2735 Sk6.2 11.15 <0.01 1.000 0.128 B6.5
3-8 0.2227 546.0 10.00 <0.01 1.000 0.123 77.8
3-F 0.1722 546.2 8.82 <0.01 1.000 0.128 684
3-G 0.1212 5461 .58 <0.0L 1.000 0.129 58.64
3-4 0.0703 Shé .2 6.64 <0.0L 1.000 0.129 51.4
-1 0.0156 5L6.0 4.89 <0.01 1.000 0.129 37.8
3T 0.0451 5h6.2 5.69 <0.01 1.000 0.129 I Iy
3~ 0.0959 5Ll 3 7.15 <0.01 1.000 0.128 55,6
3-L 0.1465 SN 8.09 <0.0L 1.0G60 0.130 61.9
3-M 0.1980 55,3 9. 34 <0.01 1.000 0.130 7.7
3-N 0.2405 544.8 10.59 <0.01 1..000 0.130 81.1
3-0 0.3305 S46.5 12.38 <0.01 1.000 0.130 95.0
bmp) 0.0831 5L4.8 6.9 <0.01 1.600 0.130 50.1
h-B 0.082L 54b.2 6.75 <0.01 1.000 0.130 51.7
) 0.0222 Shly, 9 5.29 <0.01 1.000 0.130 4G.6
b-D 0.0138 5L5, 7 L.6h <0.01 1.000 0.131 350
LB 0.0k05 5k5.3 5.51 <0.01. 1..000 0.131 Le.2
Y 0.0612 545.0 6.07 <0.01 1.000 0.131 b6.5
5-A 0. 380k 196.3 16.G4 0.0l 0.97h 0.172 98.5
5-B 0.3297 196.7 15.15 0.05 0.973 0.172 88.1
5-C 0.2782 196.7 12.85 0.08 0.957 0.172 Th.7
5-D 0.2275 198.6 11.20 0.08 0.972 0.173 6L.7
90

Tsble B-1L (continued)

Specimen T Thermal
Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,
gzn X L Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/A AT/ {Q/A)
' (cm) (°c)_ (°c) ° F (0 em™®) (¢ e W)

5-E 0.1769 198.1 9.46 0.09 0.977 0,17k 54k
5-F 0.1262 197.5 7.61 0.11 0.983 0..76 h=.2
5-G 0.1262 197.4 7.57 0.12 0.982 0.175 AR
5-H 0.0756 197.2 c.83 0.11 0.992 0.1 2.8
5-T 0.0251 195.9 2.98 0.12 0.998 C.179 222
5-J C.013 195.8 2.51 0.15 1.000 0.179 15.6
5-K 0.0057 196.2 2.24 0.16 1.000 0.179 18.1
5-L 0.0000 196.1 3.11 0.15 .000 0.17¢ 17.4
5-M 0.0502 196.0 L.83 0.1% . 995 0.178 27.1
5-N 0.101¢C 165.9 6.58 0.14 0.986 0.176 R
6-A 0.2880 276.3 13.27 <0.01 1.00¢C 0.132 130
6-B 0.3372 276.2 11.96 <0.01 1.C00 0.132 90.5
6-C 0.2865 276.2 10.45 <0.01 1.00C 0.132 79.1
6-D 0.2350 278.1 g.oh <0.01 1.000 0.132 6G.8
65-F 0.1850 278.0 7.95 <0.01 1.000 0.132 60.1
6-F 0.1.312 277.9 6.58 <0.01 1.000 0.132 49,7
H-G 0.0838 277.5 5.28 <0.01 1.000C 0.132 3G.9
6-1 0.0324 277.7 3.82 <0.01 1.000 0.132 28.8
6-1 0.0070 277.5 3.07 <0.01 1.000 0.132 23.1
6-J 0.0198 277.0 3.35 <0.01 1.000 0.132 25.3
7oA 0.3041 5ho.1 11.34 <0.01 1.000 c.127 85.0
7-B 0.2535 549.0 10.28 <0.01 1.000 ¢.127 80.7
T-C 0.2000 549.1 9.29 <0.01 1.000 0.127 73.2
T-D 0.1515 549.5 8.33 <0.01 1.000 c.127 65 . L
7-K 0.1003 549.8 7.11 <0.01 1.000 0.127 55.8
7-F 0.0504 549.8 5.84 <0.01 1.000 c.127 L5.8
7-G 0.0251 549.4 5.04% <0.01 1.000 0.127 39.5
7-H 0.0124 549.6 4.56 <0.01 1.000 C.127 35.8
7-1 0.0379 54g.h 5.41 <0.01. 1.000 0.127 La.k
7-J 0.0762 549.5 6.33 <0.01 1.000 c.127 g
7-K 0.1260 549.8 7.29 <0.01 1.000 0.127 57.1
7-L 0.1767 S54g. 4 8.38 <0.01 1.000 0.127 65.6
7-M 0.2280 549.0 9.67 <0.01 1.000 0.127 75.7
7-N 0.278L 549.4 10.94 <0.01 1.000 0.127 85.9
7-0 0.3295 549.9 12.02 <0.01 1.000 0.127 SUI
7-P 0.0000 shg.7 k.07 <0.01 1.000 0.127 32.0
B-A 0.2269 285.2 8.95 <0.01 1.000 0.131 68.0
8-B 0.1274 284%. 3 6.43 <0.01 1.000 0.1321 48.8
8-C 0.0254 285.0 3.59 <0.01 1.000 0.131 7.2
8-D 0.0000 285.0 2.85 <0.01 1.000 0.131 21.5
8-E 0.0772 285.0 5.00 <0.01 1.000 0.131 37.9
8-F 0.1282 28L.9 6.30 <0.01 1.000 0.131 L.t
91

Table B=-1l (continued)

Specimen Thermal

Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunt ing Heat Flux, Resistance,

Javs Tave Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/A ar/(qQ/A)

No. (cm) (°c) (°c) G F (W em™ ) (°¢ er® W)

9-A 0.1232 199.7 7-55 0.06 1.000 0.177 ba.7
9-B 0.0724 199.7 5.76 0.08 1.000 0177 2.5
9-C 0.0469 199.4 L.82 0.08 1.000 0.177 p7.2
9-D 0.0218 198.7 R.89 0.11 1.000 0.177 22.0
9-F 0.0000 198.9 3.10 0.12 1.000 0.7 17.5
10-A 0.1014 199.3 6.62 0.12 0.987 0.174 38.0
10-B 0.1776 199.0 9.46 0.07 0.981 0.173 5l.7
10-C 0.2285 198.7 11.49 0.05 0.981 0.173 664
10-D 0.2793 199.2 13.08 0.06 0.973 0.171 6.5
10-E 0.3300 198.7 15.09 0.0l 0.977 0.172 87.7
10-F 0.3807 199.3 16.75 0.03 0.979 0.172 97.k
10=C 0.0875 198.6 6.18 0.11 0. 990 0.175 35,3
10-H 0.0228 199.0 k.00 0.05 1.000 0.177 20.6
10-I 0.0129 198.8 3-55 0.12 1.000 0.177 20.1
10-0 0.0346 198.5 h.31 0.1 1.000 0.176 2k.5
10~K 0. 0604 199.0 5.2 0.10 0.995 0.176 29.8
11-A 0.305L 550.2 11.44 <0.0L 1.000 0.128 89.2
11-B 0.2970 550.0 11.36 <0.01 1.000 0.128 88.8
11-C 0.2900 550.2 10.87 <0.01 1.000 0.128 8k 8
11~D 0.2825 550.0 10.61 <0.01 1.000 0.128 82.9
11-E 0.2745 550.1 10.42 <0.01 1.000 0.128 1.k
11-F 0.2669 550.0 10.31 <0.0L 1.000 0.128 80.5
11-G 0.2540 550.0 10.26 <0.01 1.000 0.128 80.0
11-H 0.2465 550.2 9. 95 <0.01 1.000 0.128 8.0
11-T 0.2210 550.2 9.34 <0.01. 1.000 0.128 73.6
11-J 0.2000 550.5 9.08 <0.01 1.000 0.128 1.1
11-K 0.1850 550.7 8.80 <0.01 1.000 0.128 68.8
11-1 0.1700 551.0 8.61 <0.01 1.000 0.128 67.5
11-M 0.15%0 550.7 8.Lo <0.01 1.000 0.127 66.0
11-N 0. 1400 550.1 8.26 <0.01 1.000 0.127 Blh.7
11-0 0.1250 550.5 8.09 <0.01 1.000 0.127 63.3
11-p 0.1100 550.3 7.84 <0.01 1.000 0.127 61.3
11-Q 0.0989 553.4 7.13 <0.01 1.0C0 0.127 56.0
11-R 0.0922 553.5 6.80 <0.01 1.000 0.127 93.9
11-8 0.0795 553.4 6.52 <0.01 1.000 0.127 51.2
11-T 0.0683 553.5 6.26 <0.01 1.000 0.127 hy.2
11-U 0.0581 553.6 6.02 <0.01 1.000 0.127 W7.3
11-vV 0.0484 553.8 5.76 <0.01 1.000 0.127 Y5.2
11-W 0.0389 553.6 5.55 <0.01 1.000 0.1287 43,7
11-X 0.0298 553.3 5.32 <0.01 1.000 0.127 41.7
11-Y 0.0186 553.4 L. 66 <0.01 1.000 0.127 36.5
92

Table B-1L (continued)

Specimen
Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux,

Run X Tove Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/A

v (cn) (°c) (°c) i F (W _en?)
11-7 C.0150 553.2 4,56 <0.01 1.000 c.127
11-AA C.010% 553.6 Y.oh <0.01 1.000 c.127
11-BRB 0.0051 553.5 1,19 <0.01 1.000 0.127
11-CC 0.0000 553.4 4.09 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-A 0.0202 553.1 4.80 <¢.01 1.000 0.127
12-B 0.0403 553.1 5.4 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-C 0.C500 553.1 5.69 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-D 0.0601 553.1 5.88 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-E 0.0701 552.2 6.14 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-F 0.0800 554.1 6.38 <0.01 1.000 c.127
12-G 0.0903% 554.0 6.52 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-H 0.1000 554.0 6.59 <Q.01 1.000 0..27
12-1 0.1100 554.0 6.71 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-J 0.1249 553.9 6.85 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-K 0.1402 553.9 6. 94 <0.01 1.000 9.127
12-L 0.1551 553.8 7.11 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-M €.1698 553.9 7.4 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-N 0.1875 553.8 7.55 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-0 0.2000 553.8 7.72 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-P 0.2160 553.6 8.05 <0.C1 1.000 0.127
12-Q 0.2L00 553.6 8.49 <C.Cl 1.0C0 0.127
12-R 0.2600 553.8 9.41 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-8 ¢.2800 553.8 9.72 <0.01 1.000 0.127
12-T 0.300C 553.8 10.28 <0.01 1.0C0 0.127

Thermal
Resistance,

AT/(Q/a)
(°C_cu® w)

35.8
35.1
32.9
32.2

37.6
k2.5
4.8
46.3
48.3
50.2
51.2

Table B-15.

93

Heduced Experimental Data for Hellum Using Apparabtus II-A

Spec imen Thermal

Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,
Run 2K v Drop, AL Factor, Factor, /A AT/ (a/a)
no. (em) (°c) (°¢) G F (W cn™®) (°c enf W)
el 0.0000 171.6 4.5k 0.08 1.000 0.265 o7
1-B 0.0100 172.9 5.5%3 0.16 1.000 0.265 20.9
1-C 0.0200 172.9 6.83 0.22 0.994 0.267 26.0
1-D 0.0302 171.6 8.02 0.21 0.991 0.263 30.5
1-E >.0k01 171.5 9.1k 0.23 0.986 C.261 35.0
1-F 0.C499 172.2 10.2 0.2k 0.681 G.260 39.5
1-G 0.0599 172.5 11.53 0.25 0.977 0.258 b,y
1-H 0.07C0 171.9 12.69 0.27 0.970 0.256 49,6
1-T 0,1001 172.2 15.75 0.22 0.945 0.250 £3.0
1-J 0.2002 172.9 23.24 0.33 0.880 0.231 1.60.6
1- 0.3003 173.0 29.12 0.4 0.80k 0.211 138.0
Suh 0.0000 508.8 11.09 ~0.03 1.600 0.630 17.6
2-B 0.0100 508.8 13.06 c.o2 1.0C0 0.630 20.°7
2-C 0.0200 508.5 14.97 0.05 1.0C0 0.630 23.8
2-D 0.0300 508.0 16.87 0.07 0.998 0.6249 26.8
2-F 0.0401 508.8 18.71 0.08 0.99% 0.628 29.8
2-F 0.0498 509.0 20.75 0.08 0.99k4 0.627 33.1
2-G 0.0598 508.0 22.5% 0.09 0.992 0.625 36.1
2-H 0.07T00 509.0 24.18 0.10 0.959 0.622 28.9
o1 0.0795 509.3 26.68 0.10 0.987 0.62C 4+3.0
2-J 0.0901 508.5 28.02 - 0.10 0.985 0.618 i
oK 0.1.000 508.1 30.02 0.10 0.983 0.617 43.7
2-LL 0.199% 509.2 43,92 0.11 0.965 0.605 2.6
2N 0.2999 509.3 58.96 0.08 0.963 0.597 98.8
el 0.0000 506.9 11.56 ~0.01 1.000 0.620 12.3

Table B-16. Reduced Experimental Data for Vacuum Using Apparatus II-B
Specimen Thermal

Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,

g{in Pave Tave Drop, AT E‘agtor s Fa;;to.r , /A At/ (a/a)
(em) (°c) (°c) : (Wem?)  (°c onf wh)

1-A 02940 87.4 21.59 -0.06 0.95k 0.0102 2116
1-B 0.1972 87.5 o1 .48 -0.07 0.948 0.0101 2105
1-C 0.1002 87.3 21.69 -0.06 0.954 0.0101 2068
%D 0.0488 87.4 21.66 ~0.0h 0.967 0.0103 212k
2-4 0.0450 513.7 25.34 ~0.22 0.894 0.0906 279.7
2-B 0.0986 513.8 25.59 - ~0.22 0.894 0.0506 2824
2-C 0.2000 513.8 25.58 ~0.21 0.894 0 .0906 2820
2-D 0. 3000 5132.7 25.68 ~0.22 .89k 0.0906 2834
3-A 0.0500 359.h4 £9.25 0.33 90.00 0.443 1560
23 0.1500 g59.5 69,73 0.33 50.00 0,443 157.%
3-C 0.1000 859.0 bo.36 ~0.02 98.90 0.173 237.3
3-D 0.2000 859.0 4o 73 ~0.02 98.90 0.173 235 .4

Table B-1T7.

9hL

Reduced Experimental Data for HTS Using Appasratus II-B

Specimen Thermal.

Thickness, Temperature, Temwperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,

f;;n X ave Drop, AT Fagtor, Fa;tor, Q/A_ AT/ (Q/A)

(cm) (°c) (°c) (W em @) (°C e Wl)
1-A 0.0000 526.3 13.20 <0.01 1.000 0.579 22.8
1-B 0.0099 526.1 15.03 <0.01 1.000 0.580 26.0
1-C 0.0200 526.1 16.81 <0.01 1.000 0.579 29.0
1-b 0.0300 526.0 18.65 <0.01 1.000 0.579 32.2
1-E 0.0400 526.0 19.96 <0.01 1.000 0.576 3.7
1-¥ 0.0500 526.2 21.13 <0.01 1.000 0.576 36.6
1-G 0.0600 526.0 22,4k <0.01 1.000 0.576 38.9
1-H 0.0700 526.5 23.05 <0.01 1.000 0.578 40.2
1-H 0.08C3 526.3 23.92 <0.01 1.000 0.578 41.6
1-J 0.0901 526.3 24.89 <0.01 1.000 0.578 43.1
1-K 0.1002 526.2 25.90 <0.01 1.000 0.578 b3,
i-L 0.2000 526.2 37.62 <0.01 1.00C 0.575 65. =
1-M 0.3000 528.4 45.83 <0.01 1.000 0.572 80.0
1-N C.1000 526.1 26.03 <0.01 1.000 0.57h 45,3
1-0 0.0000 526.3 13.33 <0.01 1.000 0.579 23.0
1-p 0.1509 526.3 32.21 <0.01 1.000 0.574 56.0
1-9 0.1245 526.4 29.16 <0.01 1.000 0.578 50.6
1-R 0.1125 526.0 27.6k <0.01 1.000 0.574 48.2
1-S 0.100C 526.0 25 .94 <0.01 1.000 0.578 45.0
1-7 0.0803 5257 23.89 <0.01 1.000 C.578 4.6
1-U 0.1751 525.5 35.86 <0.01 1.009 0.578 62.1
1-v 0.2300 526.4 4.1 <0.01 1.000 0.573 .8
1-W 0.2605 526.6 L3258 <0.01 1.000 09.57 G
Table B-18. Reduced Experimental Data for Helium UUsing Apparatus IT-B

Srecimen Thernal

Thickness,  Temperature, Temperature Guard Smunt ing Heat Flux, Resistance,

Rur. Jave Tavg Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/A AT/(Q/A)

Ne- (em) (°c) (°c) G (W e @) (°C cuf W)
1-A 0.000C 518.6 12.36 0.08 1.00C c.619 20.0
1-B 0.0098 518.9 14,23 0.11 0.999 0.617 23.1
1-C 0.0199 518.6 16.53 0.15 0.997 0.617 26.8
1-D 0.0300 518.6 19.c2 0.13 0.996 0.617 3¢.8
1-E C.C397 518.9 21.01 0.08 0.996 0.618 34.0
1-F 0.0500 518.4 23.51 0.07 0.995 0.616 38.2
1-G C.0600 518.5 25.7h C.06 0.994 0.615 4l.9
2-H C.0698 518.6 27.91 C.0k4 0.995 Cc.616 45.3
-I 0.2000 518.3 bs.2o C.10 0.967 0.594 75.1
1-J 0.3000 518.2 55.27 0.12 0.9.9 0.580 G5,

2-A 0.000C aky .6 14.78 0.23 0.998 C.660
2-B 0.01¢C 5.5 16.70 0.22 0.998 0.661

2-C 2.0195 45,6 18.42 0.22 C.G66 0.661 27.9
2-D 0.0295 45 .8 20.12 W17 0.995 0.659 3C.5
2-E 0.0%07 945 .5 21.57 0.18 0.993 0.657 2.8
Z-F 0.0511 ghs 4 22.23 Cc.17 0.691 0.656 5.0
2-G 0.c598 aks.8 24,70 0.17 5.989 0.654 7.6
2-H C.1400 alhs.h 33.40 .19 0.969 C.638 2.5
-T C. 32020 945, 4l 20 0.22 0.94C c.618 71.5
-J 0.0000 Lo 13.6%3 0.20 0.968 C.664 20.5

95

Table B-19. Reduced Experimental Data for Argon Using Apparatus II-B
Specimen Thermal
Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,

iun Pave Iévg Drop, AT Fagtor, Factor, Q/A aT/(Q/8)
Mo~ (cm) (°c) (°¢) G ¥ Wem?)  (°C en W)
1-A 0.0000 S0k.0 1,84 ~0.07 1.000 0,500 29.7
1-8 0.0200 503.8 Lo.79 0.19 0.970 0.482 8h.6
1-C 0.0400 504.0 57.46 0.2k 0.967 0.479 120.0
1-D 0.0601. 503.9 71.05 0.25 0.933 0.458 155.1
1-E 0.0800 50k4,2 79.56 0.3%0 0.906 O 47 178.0
1-F 0.C100 503.6 28.37 0.17 0.989 0.495 57.3
1-F 0.0300 502.0 50.20 D.22 0.959 0.475 105.7
1-H 0.0500 S50k 7 6440 G.25 0.939 0.462 1354
1-T 0.0700 504.9 72.51 G.29 0.916 0.449 163.7
1-J 0.2003 501.7 AL 08 -0.05 1.029 0.131 260.2
1-¥K 0.3000 50.18 26.66 0.00 1.000 0.127 288.7
2-A 0.0000 859.6 22.9k 0.15 0.999 0.496 46.3
2-B 0.0100 859.4 27.97 0.18 0.988 0.491 57.0
2.0 0.0200 859.3 32.21 0.22 0.973 0.483 66.7
2-D 0.0300 859.6 25.15 0.23 0.962 0.478 13.5
o-F 0.0400 859.8 37.86 0.24 0.956 0.475 79.7
o-F 0.04OL 860.3 39.22 0.25 0.956 0.475 82.6
2-0 0.0500 859.9 h2.21 0.27 0.9k 0.468 90.2
2aH 0.0601 859.6 NN 0.27 0.640 0.466 95 .4
2-T 0.0700 859.7 46.22 0.26 0.937 0.L6k 99.6
2-J 0.080L 859.5 L7.88 0.26 0.935 C.h63 103.4
2-K 0.0901 859.6 49,33 0.25 0.932 0.46) 107.0
2-1 0.1001 859.6 50.89 0.2k4 0.921 0.461 110.4
2.u% 0.0000 859.6 02.09 0.16 0.999 0.496 b5
pay® 0.0101 859.7 20,64 0.23 0.985 0.480 60.7
2-0%  o.0201 859.5 35.00 0.27 0.968 0.480 72.9
2% 0.0300 859.3 38.74 0.27 0.955 0.473 81.9
o0 0.0000 859.7 21,4 0.19 0.999 0.455 43,3
-4 0.0000 859.0 22.96 0.20 0.999 0.497 W62
3-8 0.0100 858.8 31.71 0.26 0.983 0.491 6L.6
3~C 0.0200 859.1 37.36 0.29 0.966 0.481 777
2D 0.0300 859.0 L1.56 0.31 0.552 0. 47k 87.7
3B 0.0400 859.2 bl 73 0.32 0.943 0.469 95.4
3~F 0.0500 859.4 Lv.76 0.32 0.936 0.466 102.5
3-G 0.0000 859.0 22.80 0.21 0.9599 0.497 45.9
3-H 0.0100 858.7 31.84 0.26 0.984 0.489 65.1
3-I 0.0601 359.5 50.93 0.30 0.935 0.462 110.2
3-J 0.1200 859.0 58.94 0.29 0.923 0.4sh 1£9.8

aOnly these points used to calculate k for Run 2.
96

Table B-20. Reduced Experimental Data for Vacuum Using Apparatus III-B

Specimen ~ Thermal
Thickness, Temperature, Temperature Guard Shunting Heat Flux, Resistance,
X Tavg Drop, AT Factor, Factor, Q/A AT/ (Q/A)
(cm) (°c) (°C) G F (W cm ) (°C cm® W *)
1-A 0.1027 537.3 28.14 0.54 0.787 0.1306 215.5
1-B 0,200k 537.0 27.94 0.56 0.781 0.1296 215.6
1-C 0.3001 536.5 27.93 0.58 0.775 0.1287 217.0
2-A 0.1000 526.7 85.97 0.74 0.740 0.295 291.4
2-B 0.2000 526.4 85.73 0.74 0.740 0.295 290.6
2-C 0.2000 526.2 39.36 0.69 0.755 0.148 265.9
3-A 0.2755 500" 57.50 -0.017 1.010 0.082 701.3
3-B 0.2729 4 79.33 0.247 0.886 0.163 h86.7
3-C 0.2214 78.99 0.247 0.886 0.163 484 .6
3-D 0.2205 78.52 0.247 0.886 0.163 481.7
3-E 0.0680 78.01 0.247 0.886 0.163 478.6
3-F 0.0000 58.17 0.141 0.927 0.171 3k0.2
3-G 0.0208 121.18 0.485 0.805 0.340 356,k
3-H 0.1226 121.25 0.485 0.805 0.333 36k4.1
3-1 0.2705 120.25 0.480 0.805 0.333 361.1
3-J 0.0000 86.26 0.440 0.820 0.346 2ko.3
3-K 0.0189 181.33 0.610 0.766 0.624 290.6
3-L 0.2146 180.77 0.610 0.766 0.624 289.7
3-M 0.0000 132.53 0.610 0.766 0.649 204 .2
3-N 0.0000 132.53 0.620 0.766 0.649 2ck.2
3-0 0.0000 128.24 0.620 0.766 0.649 197.6
3-P 0.2212 75.26 0.630 0.766 0.1Lk2 530.0
3-Q 0.2212 68.94 0.230 0.893 0.142 485.5
3-R 0.2304 60.08 0.120 0.936 0.178 337.5
3-5 0.2311 58.43 0.100 0.9k5 0.18¢ 324.6
3-T 0.2362 #' 38.66 0.110 1.0060 0.090 429.6
L-p 0.1472 200b 319.78 0.95 0.599 0.223 1434.0
4L-B 0.020k 321 .64 0.96 0.59 0.221 1455.3
L-c 0.0000 191.93 1.0 0.579 0.226 8ig.2
L-D 0.1132 157.73 0.98 0.580 0.099 1593.2
L-E 0.0139 158.36 0.98 0.580 0.098 1615.9
L-g 0.0000 90.99 1.01 0.570 0.102 892.1
L-g 0.1082 158.29 0.99 0.575 0.097 1631.8
L-H 0.0055 160.08 0.99 0.573 0.097 1650.53

®Normalized to 500°C.

bNorrmalized to 20C°C.
Table B~21.

9T

Reduced Experimental Data for Helium Using Apparatus IIT-B

Specinen Thermal
Thickness,  Temperature, Tempersture Gugrd Shunting Heat Flux, Reslistance,
gzn Jax:e Tavg Drop, oF Fagtor, Fa;tor, Q/A“q NI/ (Q/A)
(em) (°¢) (°C) (W cm™ ) (°¢ en® W)
1-A 0.0050 525.2 -0.65 1.00 0.997 0.200 -3.25
1-R 0.0504 52k .9 1.73 1.00 0.969 0.195 8.87
1-C 0.1001 525,09 3,04 0.67 0.924 0.186 21.18
1-D 0.200k 524 .8 6.70 0.62 0.857 0.172 28,95
1-8 0.3001 52L.8 8.72 0.5 0.806 0.162 53.82
1-F 0.0099 5ok .k ~0.32 1.00 0.992 0.200 -1.60
2-A 0.0100 52705 ~0.97 1.00 0.993 0.200 -85
2~B 0.0150 527k -0.79 1..00 0.992 0.199 -3.97
2-C 0.0200 527.4 -0.28 1.00 0.9%0 0.199 ~1.01
2-D 0.0302 527 .4 0.29 1..00 0.975 0.166 1.48
2~E 0.0500 527.4 1.21 C.75 0.978 0.197 6.65
3-A 0.CouL8 105.4 4.13 L.770 0.991 0.574 7.19
3.3 0.0099 1.05 .4 5.38 1.6 0.986 0.572 9.40
3-C 0.0150 105.6 6.84 1.5 0.981 0.568 12.0k
3-D 0.0200 105.2 7,36 L b 0.975 0.563 13.07
3-E 0.0299 105.5 9.81 1.3 0.961 0.555 17.68
3-F 0.0502 105.1 15.07 1.2 0.930 0.536 28.12
3-G 0.0997 105.6 25.29 0.96 0.875 0.502 50,38
3-H 0.1997 106.7 40.00 0.83 0.760 0. b2 92.80
3-I 0.3001 107.L 50.71 0.77 0.679 (0,383 13&.40
3-d 0.0213 106.6 9.03 1.h 0.973 0.562 16.07

98

Tavle B-22. Reduced Experimental Data for HIS Using Apparatus 171-3

~ Specimen Thermal
Thickness,  Temperature,  lemperature Guard Shunt ine Jeat Flux, Resistance,
2K T Drop, Al Factor, Factor, G/A AL/ (G/A)
(cm) (°c) (°c) G o (0 ) (o0 en Wt
0.0040 c1b.3 11.98 0.12 1.300 0.510 23,5
C.01C0 51h.L 2.97 0.12 0.999 0.510 25.4
0.0150 514 .6 12.67 0.1 0.998 0.509 26,y
0.020C S514.7 14.36 0.15 0.997 0.509 28.2
0.030C 515.2 15.38 0.17 0.995 0.50€ 0.k
0.050C 515.7 16.6C 0.19 £.988 0.502 BRI~
0.0698 517.1 18.1¢ 0.21 0.980 0.LG9 6.7
0.1000 517.4 18. Ly 0.22 0.969 0.49%3 7.4
0.1500 51.8.0 21.33 0.24 0. 9ah 0.480 Lly
0.3000 520.7 29.50 0.30 0.85h 0.432 68.7
0.0500 517.1 16.65 0.19 0,988 0.50 27.C
0.0500 516.4 17.08 0.19 0.988 0.504 <3,
0.0598 516.6 17.45 0.20 0.985 0.50% Sy L7
0.00u41 51k.4 11.92 0.10 1.000 C.512 234
0.0102 51k.3 12.83 0.12 0.G99 C.510 25.2
C.0Ck0 316.2 10.7G 0.37 0.998 0.502 21.5
0.0100 216.6 11.47 0.38 0.uu8 2.501 22.9
0.0250 217.0 12.04 38 0.997 ) 50 2.0
0.0200 217.1 12.55 .38 0.996 0.500 25.1
0.0300 317.4 13.51 29 0.094 0,409 27.1
0.0301 317.8 13.55 .39 0. 99 e 7
2-G 0.0500 318.4 15.45 0.4k S
2-H 0.0699 319.0 17.21 0.180 i5.2
3-A 0.1005 119.4 7.88 0,20+ 25,2
3-B 0.2040 120.9 11.10 0.212 52.2
3-C 0.0540 120.1 6.36 0.225 28.2
3-D 0.0137 120.1 5.13 )02 22.5
2~E 0.1506 121.2 9.25 C.216 Hh.2

99
APPENDIX C
PRECISION AND ERROR ANALYSIS

The general form of the equation used to determine the thermal con-

ductivity in this investigation is Eq. (9), rearranged as

’ - b
K = s Q /A _ 105 OTB(.JL&) p (¢-1)
X

ey

> \l ] 4 . 3 Le -
where the measured heat flux, G /A, is assumed to be constant during the

measurements and the specimen thickness is x = Ax.

By taking the total derivative of Bg. (C-1) and rearranging terms,

the change in k due to a change in any of the quantitities in Eq. (C-1)

is

a _ax QYA [ a(’/m)] _ ol/s (_/}I__) dAL TN

k X JK Q’/A JKQ F % /\TX FX

(C-2)
d i _
q'/a ({_\2) ( AL, B ‘3Fo>_ I, [Edn -V d(Y/T)]
2 F n o - . 2
JK 0 Aio bo J Ln T Y/T

where

quantity enclosed by braces in Eg. (C-1),

il

quantity enclosed by brackets in Eg. (C~1), and
(16/3) v oT® (Y/T)X~

==
oo

By using certain approximations, Eq. (C-2) can be gimplified to

express quantities more readily measured,

and
100

(ATs/F) = Q,/A

* (k/x) + eh

T = gX

In the present studies, the heat shunting was usually small so that
FX and Fo can be assumed to be unity in the weighting functions. Further-

more, the error in Y_ e/T can be evaluated as
2

a(y/r) ( av 1) (d‘ @s_>+ e dy de
Y/T Y dT K X Y de €

Finally, the total error in the conductivity would be approximately,

a(Q’/n) a ar aF
gk _dx [(1 + ehrx)/k)}s / - 5X X wi(k/x) + ehr] X

L -
k b ( Q' /A Al F

SEC eh x 2dn 34T T dy
E--(EAE DGR e
F F k + eh x n T Y dT
X O r
dk dx e dY de (
(f"+——>+(m -------------- ) -
K X Y de e s

The magnitude or the error in the conductivity 1s dependent on the

specimen thickness. Some of the uncertaintles increase and others

decrease with a change in specimen thickness. Therefore,there should be
an optimum tnickness that would minimize the errors associated with it.

The errors are also dependent on the magnitude of the thermal conductivity,

the fixed resistance, and eh_ .
T

The error in the conductivity measurements now considered refers to
. , RN
the apparatus model III-B for various values of x, k, eh , and AT/F(Q /A)
T

observed in the present studies.

Using the accuracy limitls listed in Table 2 and the tolerance limits
shown in Figs. A-1 and A-2, the error terms appearing in Eg. (C-3) can be

determined as follows:
Temperature level

dT/T = +0.2% (published error for Pt vs Pt—~10% Rh thermocouple)

The potentiometer and other temperature measuring errors can be neglected

in comparison with the thermocouple error.

Temperature differences

AAT = (a0/T) dT, or AAT/AT = dT/T = %0.2% (Pt vs Pt—10% Rh thermocouple)

Measured heat flux

0/ /A = WEVI/(rDP) = MEV(Vy/Q)/(nD?)

a(e'/a) a8 _av _da _2dap 9N
= e S +
Q' /A E vV Q D W

dV/V = dVy /Vy = +(10)(0.01) = +0.1% (maximum error),

A/

1

£0.04%,

aD/D

it

+(0.005 % 100)/3.25 = #0.15,

dE/T = +(0.25 X 100)/60 = 0.42% (uncertainty in heater wire length
= +0.25 il’l.).
Another uncertainty in the heat flux i1s the axial heat loss across

the air gap between the maln and guard heaters:

kair ePthT
(Q/8); = — + ' ) AT

-,

X 3

= (6.3 + 0.0Bh?) AT and d(Q/A)I = (6.3k .+ O.OBhT) d AT

k..
alr air

but

therefore,

a(qQ/a) 6.3K .+ 0.03h
, L. axr 1T (+0.209)
Q' /A Q'/a

Finally,
102

UQ/A) | (so.n28) + (0.20) — (20.04) — (10.30%)
Q'/A
(6.3x_, . + 0.03n_)
N 211 — T (£0.20%)
Q' /A

Average refractive index

dn/n

+(0.2 X 100)/1.5 = +13% (estimated from the HTS measurements)

0.0% (n = 1.000 for argon and helium).

Radiation function

The expression for Y/t 1is quite complex [Eg. (8)]; fortunately, for
e =0.5and v < 5, Y/T is very nearly a constant and for 7 > 10 is very
nearly equal to 1/r. Thus, the error in Y/t due to an uncertainty in =
can be neglected, except in the narrow interval 5 < 7 > 10. Furthermore,
the maximum value of the term edY/Yde =1, so that the error in Y/t is
primarily due to the uncertainty in the surface emissivity of the upper

and lower plates.

Surface emissivity

de/e = +(0.05 X 100)/0.45 = +11.1% (estimated from the vacuum

measurements, see Chapter 5).

Specimen thickness

Dial indicator:
dx/x = £(0.00005)(2.54) X 100/x = *0.013%/x
Thermal expansion:

Although a fused quartz rod was used to minimize thermal expan-
sion effects in the mobile piston assewbly, it was not practical TO make
a dual quartz rod dial indicator system. The uncertainty caused by the
thermal expansion difference of stainless steel from that of fused quartz

is estimated to be

dx /x

1

10.5 la L{AT,_/2)] = +0.5 [(20 x 1078)(25)/2] AT

£0.013 T_ % or dx/x = +0.013 [(Q'/A)/x + en x1%
103

where

coefficient of linear expansion, °C %,

Q
i

=
!

- length of cylinder component of the conductivity cell, cm.

Heat shunting factor

2

(L—-F) =" «p°® [EBg. (23)]
(1 - 7F)

1L -F
X

= 0.8 (dU/Uz)

The dominant resistance in the heat-transfer coefficient, Uy, meas-
urement is the air gap (Fig. 1). The major uncertainty in determining

this resistance is the emissivity. Therefore,

AUz /Us = de/e

Thus,
aF (L —F ) a(1 — F.) (1 - F.)
Xy X f m p X 0.8de/e
F F. L -7 F
X X X X

[de/e = z0.1 % 100/0.4 = +25% (estimated for the air gap)]. Thus

dF /¥

— > ——
LF = 420 (1 FX)/FX %

Summation of errors

All the uncertainties now combined in Fq. (C-2) yields

dl 1 Q'/A [k + eh x . i
%f(%)::iomng(fl‘+—~JLH*_)+(W__NNT ){Ufl-mfl + (#0.2) ~ (x0.}4)
Nk

X x k + eh x
-

6.3k, 4+ 0.03h )T N o
~ (+0.3) +_(( 3 air r) Mjl> (z0.2) + [#20(L "-FX)/FX]
Q'/A

(continued)
k

The standard error in the conductivity

of x, k, and €hr with Q'/A = 0.5 W em™™,

kK + eh x
T

104

[+20 (1/}?X ~ 1/FO)}

+ eh_x
T

(+0.6) + (m)]}.

2

where the standard error is defined as

dk

€

was calculated as a function

= 0.5, and w =

[2? (error)2:]1/2 .

20%¢ e Wt

In Fig. C-1, the error calculated using Egqs. (C-3) and (C-4) is shown

plotted as a function of the specimen thickness for various values of the

specimen conductivity.

the specimen

conductivity.

The errov is most sensitive to the magnitude of

The primary source of error in the low con-

ductivity measurements at small thicknesses is the uncertainty in the

specimen thickness; however, at large thicknesses and for transparent

ORNL-DWG 72-10545

| i
k(W/emeC) -///

¥ 20 — 0.0005 A | cererrom—
P ~-—0.0% T—
p — — 0.1
2 |
T 46 o — - CONDUCTION ONLY |~ ]
* )
= L~
E 12)— ...... __-’4 -|-'-- -
5 |
D .
Q ‘ !
B 8f— fn -
o ! i
N | |
x
x4 [ ! T e T o .

\. I- . . e e = A o ST T FB——]

e
0 0.05 0.0 045 0.20
X, SPECIMEN THICKNESS (cm)
Fig. C~1l. Estimated error in the conductivity measurements for the

Apparatus ILI~B vs specimen thickness at an average specimen temperature

of 600°C for various specimen conductivities.
1.0, €K = 0) except as noted.

n =

Radiation assumed (e

= 0.5,
specimens, the uncertainty in the emissivity and index of refraction
cause the principal errors. The uncertainty in the temperature weasure-
ments comprises the primary source of errors in the high conductivity

measurements .

The minimum error from Flg. C-1 occurs in the vicinity of x = 0.05
cm.  Consequently, most of the experimental data were taken for specimen
thicknesses of Jless than 0.1 em. A plot of the estimated error limits
as a function of specimen conductivity for a specimen thickness of 0.05
cm is shown in Fig. 22, Chapter 6, for the maximum and standard error,

where

(dk /%) = error .
/ ‘max 2; ( (I>n
O
3 Ll

=W
. e

N0 CO—3 Oh

=
-

2oy

~,
2

oY aagEEqmn Tt oE s T

:__?:
3

gMEPEHOGHUES W EH TSIy IS == s >

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