ORNL-CF-58-8-33.txt

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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABOR
Operated by g@ggflmusmu AUTHDRIZED

UNION CARBIDE NUCLEAR COMPANY
Division of Union Carbide Corporation 0 R N l_
= CENTRAL FILES NUMBER
Ouk Ridge, Tennassee
58-8- x

 

 

 

 

 

DATE: August 13, 1958 CUPY’NO-ii;y

SUBJECT: Screening Tests of Mechanical Pipe Joints
for a Fused Sszlt Reactor System

TO: Distribution

FROM: W, B, MeDonald, E. Storte, A. 8. Olson

ABSTRACT

The testing and evaluation of three types of mechanical Joints
in a circulating molten fluoride salt system, at temperatures up to
15009, has been accomplished. ‘

The feasibility of these jolnts for use in a large scale molten
sall system 1s discussed,

Design criteria and operating techniques are described.

Measurements have been made of the leakage rates of helium
through the joints. The effects of thermal cycling, atmospheric
exidation, salt corrosion, and thermal stresses have been noted.
Disassembly and reassembly procedures are described.
 

e LEGAL NOTICE —

 

This repart was prepored as an occount of Government sponsored work. Meither the United States,

nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:

A. Mckes any warranty or representation, express or implied, with respect to the sccuracy,
completeness, of usefulness of the informotion contained in this report, or that the use of
any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report moy not infringe
privately own=d rights; or

B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of
any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report.

As used in the above, '‘person acting en behelf of the Commission' includes any employee or

contractor of the Commission to the extent that such employse or contractor prepares, handles

of distributes, or provides access to, any information pursuant te his employment or contract
with the Commission.

 
1.0

208

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Table of Contents
Totroduehblon o ¢ o o o o o o o o o o o s s o 2 o 0 o o o o »
BUMMBYTY o o o o o 5 o o s o 6 o o o » o o s » o o o o s o a
Description of Test Joints o & o ¢ 4 v 6 o 4 o o & o o 2 s

Criteria for Jolinh Performant® . v o o s o o o v ¢ & @

WM
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&
£

Frasge Flangs Joinb . o 4 5 ¢ o 6 o 6 ¢ o 6 0 0 o 5 5

5.3 Indented Seal Jolnb o o 4 o ¢ ¢ o o ¢ o ¢ o s o o & o o
fio% Gafit S@&l J@int * % B & e ©°© B » H e r e H& 4 & © ° " o °

5 The Test LOOD 2 o o o o o o o 8 o 0 s o ¢ o o s s o o »
2.6 Tostrumenbabion o o o v o v s 0 6 s 6 o 0 e s o 5 » o
Test ProcedU'® o o o o 2 o o o o o o o o« o o o o o o o « o o
4.1 Freeze Flange Joint . . o ¢ 4 o 6 o o 6 o 5 o o o o o o
L2 Coast 88l JOIOE v v o v o o s 0 0 o 0 s o e b e e e e

L.rofi Lnd@fitfi‘fi.sa&lggintaaoosoooo-oo-coona

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lzougslon of Besult8® . o o o o 4 4 ¢ o 6 6 o o o o o o o o
ol Fresza Elaflge Jfliflfi g 8 & * 8 8 & & © B # S & 8 e & ® 0
.2 Cafifi Seal JOint & ® ¢ © & © & & % & & » O © s & © @ 0

5o§ Ind@mt@fi S@&l J@int " & ® ° o © & s & ¢ £ & o & & & B 0

7 - 0 .
“Fufiflr@ leStS ¢ © © © © & 9 B8 8 & 4 & & © e & & & & e w s 0

Preliminary Mechanicel Joint Specification . . .« . + « ¢« ¢ &

Gravhs of FPreeze Flange Thermal Cyeling Tests . o o o o o o

o
th

Graphs Cast Seal Flange Thermal Cycling Tests . « o o o &
rraphs of Indented Seal Flange Thermal Cycling Tests .+ o &

Report oa Metallurgical Examination of the Cast Seal Flanges

>

Report on Metallurgical Examination of the Freeze Flange Joint

Assembly Drawings of the Mechanical Joint and Loop « & o o &

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66
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100
105

107
1.0

Iotroduction

To raduce down-time during maintenence operations on the molten salt
pover reactor system to a minimum, the phil@sgphy has been adopted that
all system components on which diract mainbtenancs is not possible shall
be removable and replaceable with sparss, by reamote manipulation. Re-
pair work on falled compomants shall be accomplished in suitably equipped
independsnt facilities,

It is preregquisite to ths removal ard replacemsnt of system com-
ponzctbs by remote manipulation that a reliable msethod be developed for
parting system pipipng and rejoining it to its originsl integrity. Until
prasent experimsntal efforts to perform critical welding remotely have

uceeedaed to the point wherse they can be applied with confidence to the
maintenasce of a reactor system, the use of mechanical Joints for this
porpose most be considered. The cobjective of the work reported here was
to scresn the various concepts of mechanical Jolnts offered by individuals
or groups within the Reactor Projects Division, and to selact for develop-

ment those showing promise of successful application,

 

Thrae small scale mechanical pipe joints of alternative types were
tasted in a fused salt pump loop, The Joints werse cold leak checksed on
a mass spactrometer lsak detector kefore installation in the loop, vare
then lustalled and subjected to a saries of thermal cycles betwaen 1100
and 1300°F, removed from the loop and leak chackad., The Joints were
then parted, remads; and lzak chacked again, An indicated lesk rate of
less than 1 x .1.()@7 ce of halium per second was reguired for acceptable

parformance at =ach check.
Of the three joints tested, the "freeze flange" Joint was found sat-
isfactory for immediate development, the "indented seal" Joint was found
promising if modified, and the "cast seal” joint was found not suitable
for development.

In accordance with these results, further tests of the small-scale
"freezs flange” and "indented seal’ joints have been initiated with sodium
as the process fluld, and a pair of "freeze flange" Joints in 4" pipe size
has besn fabricated for testing in a large fused salt system. Results of

these tests will be reported separately.

Descripbion of Test Joints
3.1 Criteria for Joint Performance
For the screening tests, the following criteria were used, based upon
the Prelimiusry Mechanical Joint Specification (see Appendix 1) prepared by
the MSEP Group: |
(a) The joints shall be fabrieated of materials compatible
with fused fluoride salt fuels.
(b} The joint leak rate, cold, before installation in the test
loop, shall be less than 1 x 1077 cc of helium per second, as in-
dicated by comparison with a standard leak used in conjunction with
a mass spectromeler leak detector.
(¢) The joint shall be installed in a test loop circulating fused
salt and subJjected to a minimum of 50 thermal cycles between the
temperatures of 1150 and 13%00°F,
(4) No fluid leakage shall be acceptable,
(¢) Upon completion of the thermal cycling tests, the Joint shall

bs cut from the loop and cold leak checked {sse 3.1.Db).
(£} It shall be demonstrated that each joint can be parted and
remads accaptably leak tight, without requiring more than super-
ficial cleaning, etc., such as could be psrformed Dy remote

mayipulatlon,

%.,2 Fresze Flange Joind

The principle of the frozen ssal mechanieal jolunt, or frseze flangs,
is illustrabed in Fig, 1, The frozen salt seal is formed in the gap
vetween the flange faces. The ring insert provides a labyrinth re-
striction to the passage of salt into the gap. The labyrioth is im-
portant only when the test loop was filled with salt, before the frozen
saal was formed. After the frozen seal is forwmad, 1t retains the molten
salt in the process stream. The metal seal ring provides s gas-tight
seal , walch retalos fission gases. For an effectlive gas seal, it was
found necaesseary to manufacturs the seal ring to close toleracces., The
0. D, and 1. D, of the ring were within 0.004% inches on a diasmeter of
seven inches, and concentric within 0.001 inches, The finish requirsd
wvas sixteen microinches. The same Lolerancaes were reguired in making
tha geal ring groove in the flange faces,

An alr chnsnpel, in each balf of the Tlangs asssmbly, provides cool-
ing for the seal ring and insurss the formation of the frozen salt seal.
Toe flange hass a thin cross saction between the flange hub, which
is welded to the loop tubing, and the seal ring, near the outer edge of
the flangs, This was designed to pressat a small cross sectional area
for radial beat conduction. FPour webs add strength to the flange and re-
duce warping.

On the test installation, sight gulck-opsuing toggle clamps wers

usaed on each flanges assgembly, as shown in Fig. 2, toe provide the necessary
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 27825

 

 

1-SOFT-IRON OR COPPER SEAL RING

+H¢ GAP (~Yie in)

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

  
 

" AIR CHANNEL FOR COOLING

 

 

 

FROZEN-SALT SEAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

SRR ERRD \\\\\\xx IR S S I R IR X D K

 

 

_ /WELD OF FLANGE TO LOOP TUBING

 

—s=— SALT FLOW

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7 U RIE % \\
/ \/é\\}\gfi:—mm INSERT TO PROVIDE LABYRINTH
/§ FOR SALT LEAKAGE
3 FROZEN-SALT SEAL
/
X
/b NARROW SECTION TO REDUCE HEAT
T TRANSFER FROM THE MOLTEN SALT
; IN THE LOOP TUBING
IR
7N
£ -’:x.
b

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SEAL ; 243 INDICATES REGION OF TRANSITION FROM LIQUID
TO SOLID SALT

Fig.1. Cross Section of Freeze Flange Joint.
UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTO 30204

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Y L
p 3
' 1
] .
3 i

 

Fig. 2. Freeze Flanges Installed in Inconel Test Loop.
(1) Air Cooling Lines (2 places); (2) Calrod Heaters (1 place); (3) Toggle Clamp (1 place);
(4) Support for Flange (1 place); (5) Clam Shell Heater (1 place); (6) Hy-Temp Insula-
tion (1 place)
force to maintain the gas leakage rate below the maximum allowed.

Flg. 2 shows the assembled flanges with clam shell type heaters,
located on the loop tubing immediately before and after each flange as-
sembly. Referring to the figure, the various parts are as follows:

(1) Air cooling lines, (2) Calrod heaters leads, (3) Quick-open toggle
clamps, (4) Thermocouple leads, (5) Clam shell heaters, (6) Insulation.

There Were no heaters nor was there any insulation 6n"the flange
assemblies.

The flanges were made of Inconel. The seal rings for the first
test were of stainless steel. In subsequent tests, soft iron and an-

nealed copper seal rings were used.

3.5 Indented Seal Joint

This mechanical joint is illustrated in Fig. 3.. A dead-soft an-
nealed metallgasket is used to seal the two flange halves., A raised
tooth of V-shaped cross section, machined on the face of each flange,
indents the flat metal gasket to provide a tight gas seal. Actual
parts are shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

A thin cross section between the flange hub and gasket, near the
outer edge of the flange, presents a small cross sectional area for radial
heat conduction.

On the test installation, four standard design "C" clamps were used
on each flange assembly to provide the force necessary to indent the
gasket and maintain a gas leakage rate below the maximm allowed. Fig. 6
shows an assembly with clamps.

The flanges were made of Inconel. For the first test, a dead-soft

annealed copper gasket was used in one flange assembly, and an annealed
TC 30-36
N

 

 

 

INDENTATION SEAL FLANGE TEST NO.1.

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR—-DWG 31974

THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS

TC 29-35
/

   
 

 

 

 

 

 

..\ /-—— TC 28-34
TC 32-38—~ /\ a— 1C 27-33
///////.///// //\ \\\\\’\\\\\\\
e e SALT FLOW
(L L L Ll L Ll s L NN N N NN N NN N NN

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  

  

[

SN
N

AN

 

 

LRAISED

TOOTH )

FLANGE A-IRON GASKET
TC NO. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32

FLANGE B-COPPER GASKET
TC NO. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38

S~ WELD TO LOOP TUBING

— ANNEALED METAL GASKET

Fig. 3. Schematic Drawing of Indented Seal Mechanical Joint,
UNCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 30662

2

INCHES

 

Fig. 4. Assembly of Indented Seal Flange Before Testing.
 

2

INCHES

 

Fig. 5. Parts of Indented Seal Flange Before Testing.

UNCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 30663

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UNCL ASSIFIED

& PHOTO 31519

 

 

P g o Sy »,w—-*w-flr - ' r - ‘
s 1 ' ty

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L : : SR, .

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Fig. 6. Indented Seal Flange Shown Assembled with "'C'* Clamps.
- 12 -

Armco ircn gasket in the other assembly. For the second test; an an-
nealed Nickel "A" gasket was used in one assembly and a nickel-plated

Armco iron gasket in the other assembly.

3.4 Cast Seal Joint

A cross section of this mechanical Joint is shown in Fig. 7. Four
stainless steel bolts provide the mechanical strength for the Joint. A
metal insert, shown in the figure before being fused, is used to provide
a salt and gas seal. The metal insert is fused between the flange faces
before the test loop is filled with salt. The seal whose melting point
is above that of the fuel salt, is in the solid state during operation
of the test loop.

The sealing surfaces on the flange faces are flash copper plated,
and then nickel plated, to promote good wetting by the sealing alloy.l

Because of its geometry, this Joint must be installed in a vertical
run of pipe.

The test flanges were made of Inconel. A cast silver seal was used
in one flange assembly, while an alloy of T2% silver and 28% copper was
used in the other flange assembly.

An assembly of the flange is shown in Fig. 8.

3.5 The Test Loop

The test loop consisted of 25 feet of one-half inch O, D., 0.045
inch wall thickness; Inconel tubing arranged as shown in Fig. 9. The
various parts are identified as follows: (10) Location of flanges under

test, -(11) Calrod heaters wrapped with stainless steel strip, (12) Clam

 

lohapter 2.1 MSRP Quarterly Progress Report, Jan, 31, 1958, ORNL 2474
UC-81 Reactors - Power.
_13_.

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR—-DWG 31972

SEE FIG.13. FOR DIAGRAM OF INCONEL LOOP

FLANGE WITH SILVER INSERT :
TC NO. 19, 20, 21, 22

P FLANGE WITH COPPER-SILVER ALLOY INSERT :
TCNO. 23, 24, 25 26

 

 

TC 22— 26 ~——a \

 

 

A

 

 

\ NS
|

SR

L

-—TC 21~25
TC 20-24

—_—————-

TC19-23 —= g

 

 

 

 

 

SEAL MATERIAL INSERT
SHOWN BEFORE BEING
FUSED TO FORM SEAL

 

 

 

 

 

AN

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 15 0 1
T ——
INCHES

w7

QZZZZ/W//

 

 

 

/"

. WELD OF FLANGE TO LOOP TUBING

Fig. 7. Cast Seal Flange Showing a Cross Section View and Thermocouple Locations.
Fig. 8. Assembly of Cast Seal Flanges.

UNCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 43636

 

_VL_
B UNCLASSIFIED
HOTO 31674

 

Fig. 9. Inconel Test Loop.
(10) Indented Seal Flange (1 place); (11) Calrod Heaters Wrapped with Stainless Steel Strip (2 places); (12) Clam
Shell Heaters (1 place); (13) Unistrut Frame (1 place); (14) LFB Pump (1 place); (15) Salt Sump (1 place);
(16) Metal Trough Support (1 place); (17) Hy-Temp Insulation (1 place) ’
- 16 -

shell heaters, (13) Unistrut frame, (14) LFB pump, (15) "Hy-temp" in-
sulation,

The molten salt mixture was circulated by means of an LFB-type
centrifugel pump. During tests 1 and 2, on the freeze flanges, two
straight sections of the loop, each about nine feet long, were used
ag resistance heaters; A heavy current was passed through the tubing
sections. Other sections of the loop were heated with calrod or clam
shell heaters. The entire loop was preheated, prior to filling with
salt,

Tests 3 and 4 on the freeze flanges were conducted in a new
location where resistance heating was not available, and the entire
loop and pump were heated by means of calrod and clam shell heaters.

A sump tank, connected to the point of lowest elevation in the
loop, was used to fill and drain the loop of molten salt., The LFB
pump, installed at the highest point in the loop also served as a surge
tank., The pump was supplied with an oil lubricating system. A helium
supply was connected to the loop for initial purging of air before
heating. It was also used fio pressurize the sump for filling the loop
with molten salt. The various components.at the pump end of the loop
are shown in Fig. 10 and are identified as follows: (1) LFB pump,

(2) Pump motor and clutch, (3) Salt sump, (4) Water cooled oil storage
tank, (5) Lubricating oil pumps, (6) Helium supply regulators, (7) Helium
bubbler, (8) Helium pressure gauges, (9) Lubricating oil flowmeter.

Salt flow in the loop was controlled by a variable speed magnetic-
type clutch and induction motor. V-belts connected the motor and clutch

to the LFB pump.
-17-

UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTO 31360

 

 

 

 

Fig. 10. Inconel Test Loop - Pump End.
(1) LFB Pump (1 place); (2) Pump Motor and Cluteh (1 place); (3) Salt Sump (1 place);
(4) Water Cooled Oil Storage Tank (1 place); (5) Lube Oil Pumps (1 place); (6) He
Supply Regulator {1 place); (7) He Bubbler (1 place); (8) He Pressure Gages (1
place); (9) Lube Oil Flowmeter (1 place).
- 18 -

All components of the loop in contact with the molten salt were
fabricated of Inconel,

The loop design was similar to a "standard" design established
in the Experimental Engineering Department for their corrosion testing
program. The entire loop, including the pump, was mounted on a test
stand, also of "standard" design, made of Unistrut. The stand was
mounted on wheels for easy transport between various construction
stations; such as the weld shop and X-ray room.

All welds in contact with the molten salt were given a dye check
and X-ray examination according to departmental specifications for
critical welds. The Inconel tubing used in the loop had received a
thorough dye check inspection prior to construction of the loop.

Twenty thermocouples were spot welded to the loop tubing and pump,
per Dwg. No., SK-CKM-1623. Additional thermocouples were attached to
the flanges,

Precautions were taken during construction to use clean tubing
and parts, and especlally to avoid contamination of the inside of the

tubing and pump.

3,6 Instrumentation

The chart below lists instruments and controls used on the test

loop for all of the flange tests.

Measurement  Primary Element Indicating Element Control

(a) Temperature Chromel -alumel Temperature Re- Tests 1 and 23 (Freeze
' thermocouples corders (1) Flange) Resistance

Heaters, Transformer
(2), Clam shell heaters,
Variacs,
Tests 3 and 4: (Freeze
Flange and other flange
tests) Clam shell heaters,
Variasce (3)
(b

(c)

(4)

- 19 -

Measurament, Primary Element Indicating Element Control

 

 

 

Salt levels In Metal probes and 110 V. lights
pump and sump 110 V. powsr

supply
Helium pressurs -~ ~ = Bourdon Gauges - - =~ Pressure regu~
for LFB punp lators (4)
and sump
Iubricating oil ~ = = Flowratory - = = Centrifugal pump
flow for LFB and motor (5)
pamp
Pump spesd - - = BStrobotac - - - Motor and

clutch (6)

Notes on instruments and conbtrols list:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(&)

Bristol recorders 0-2000°F range for Tests 1 and 2 (Freeze Flange)
Brown recorders 0-2000°F range for Tests 3 and 4 (Freeze Flange and
other flange tests)

Reslistance heaters consisted of two lengths of 1/2" 0. D. x 0,0hs"
wall Inconel tubing each approximately 9 feet long.

Hevi-duty transformer and saturable reactor control rated at

110 KVA, which allows a maximum current of 2740 amps output on

the %0 volt tap; 3 KW is the minimum leaskage power; 20 XW output
can be controlled, but it is difficult to provide steady control

of a lower pover,

Wneelco conbtroller

Vicksers magnetic amplifier

Open elemsnt tType cylindrical clam shell heaters. Variacs, 110 V.,
and 220 V.

Fisher Governor bleed and non-bleed types of pressure regulators, 0-35

psig, Models 67-15 and 67-16,
- 20 -

(5) Eastern Industries Model D-11 centrifugal pump with 1/5 H. F.,
110 V. motor. |
(6) Louis Allis Adjusto-Spede irduction motor, 5 H., P., 3 phase, ~~3600 rpu,

Dypamatic magnetic-typs clutech, 400-3400 rpm at full load.

4,0 Test Procedure
bl Fresze Flange Jolnt
Two sets of flanges were asgsenmbled with seal rings prior Lo in-
gtallation in the loop. Each flangs assembly was then laak tested using
a helium leak dstector. To leak test, the tubing from one zud of a Tlangs
assambly was plugged and the other end comnected to a vacuum pump., A plastic
bag was then placed arcund the flange assembly and kept {1lled with helium
during the leak test, Hellum leak rate tests wers madse on both flange as-
semblies prior to installation in the loop for Tests 3 and 4, This work
was dore by the Instrument Department and is described in detail in thair
grep@rt No, 58-1-20, Both flangs assemblies wers then walded into one and
of the loop as shown in Fige. 2 avd 9.
Helium was circulated through the loop bafore prseheating, to ra-
move air. A helium pressure was malntalned on the loop and pump duriag
heating and filling,
Clean fluoride salt mixture was then travsferred to the sump tank.
When the temperature of all parts of the loop reached 1300°F, helium
pressure was applied to the sump tank to force the salt into the loop,
The pump wasg opsrated at a low speed durdng the filling opsration, The
loop was vented through the pump belium iclet, as the salt displaced the
helium. Salt circulation was chtalned a few minutes labter, when the pump

speed was incrsassed to 2500 rpm to produce about 2 gpm flow., A halium
w 21 e

blanket was maintained at 2 to 5 psig on the salt surface in the pump during
testing operations.

Tha heaters wera then adjusted to obtain 1300°F on all parts of the
loop. During the loop filling operation, cooling air was circulaeted in
the air channels built into the freeze flanges. A small alr flow of ap-
proximately 15 ¢fh was necessary to keep the seal ring area cool.

The loop was filled rapldly to insure establishment of frozen seals
batwesn the flange faces before the molten salt could raise the temperature
of the flanges.

After a period of isothermal operation to make certain there was no
salt leak, the thermal cycle testing waes begun. Temperatures of the salt
were measured by means of thermccouples located on the loop tubing at the
inlet to each flange assembly., Temperature measurements were teken at
varions points on each flange assembly.

The salt flow was maintained at a steady rate of 2 gpm. The pump
speed was checked periodically with a Strobotac and the flow in gpm cbtained
from a pump calibration chart.

A schematic diagram of the Inconel lcop during Tests 1 and 2 is shown
in Fig, 11. During these tests, temperatures were measured at the points
indicated in Fig, 12, Fluoride salt, Fuel No. 107, was circulated in the
loop durlng the first test. The salt temperature was cycled 50 times
betwaen 1150°F and 1300°F, and then the locp was operated isothermally for
SQveralidays at 1300°F. The average cycle time was 44 minutes. A cycle is
defined as a hemperature variation from 1300 to 1150°F and back to 1300°F.

During the second test, In which fluoride salt, Fuel No. 30, was used,

ths temperature variation of the salt wasg from 1300 to 1500°F and back to
-.22_

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 31973

T

FREEZE-FLANGE JOINTS o ~ PLANGE B
(AX!S HORIZONTAL) ]

 

:J "}.,,( ....... HEATER CONNECTION LUG

—— | .O0P TUBING - INCONEL,
Y-in. 0.0 ,x0.045-in. WALL

SALT FLOW

SALT PUMP
I

|

 

 

 

 

 

./

: )

e
SALT FLOW

 
~23-

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-~LR ~DWG 27897R

 

 

 

 

 

  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

oy~ FLANGE B
15 8N
£4 - ‘
24 P
23— 8N
221N
—
_ 2! AN
NOTE: NS
SEE FIG.{1.FOR DIAGRAM Nl o6
OF INCONEL LOOP. Nl o7
AN =2 T FLANGE A

 

28

Fig. 12, Schematic Drawing of Thermocouple Locations on
the Freeze Flanges for Tests 1 and 2,
~ Py -

1300°F. The number of cycles was reduced to 30 and the average cycle time
was 29 minutes.

After Tests 1 and 2, the {lange assemblies were disassembled and
reassembled to demeonstrate ease and gpeed of handling, A motion picture
film was taken of these cperations. The time required for these operations
ig listed in Table 1,

Both of the flange assemblies were removed from the loop before
starting on theinext test., Additional machining work was performed on
the flange faces to produce a better finish on the seal ring grooves.

A schematic diagram of the Inconel loop for Tests 3 and 4 is shown
in Fig. 13. Flu@ride_salt, Fuel No. 30, was used in these tests., The
temperaturss were measursd at the points indicated in Fig. 14%. The salt
flow rate was, agaln, 2 gpm.

During Test No. 3 the salt temperature was cycled 50 times between
1100°F and 1300°F. The average cycle time was 60 minutes. During Test
No. 4 the temperature variation of the salt was from 1100 to 1300°F and
back to 1100°F; the number of cycles was 25, and the average cycle time
was 02 minutes.

After the thermal cycling tests, both flangs assemblies were removed
from the loop for leak testing. Both assemblies were disassembled and
one flange assembly was reassembled using a new copper seal ring. This

assembly was again leak tested.

4.2 Cast Seal Joint
Twe sets of flanges were assembled with metal inserts prior to in-
stailation in the loop. One flangs assembly contalned a pure sllver in-

sert, the other assembly contalined an insert of copper-silver alloy. Both
Table No, 1

TIME REQUIRED FOR ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY FOR FREEZE FLANGES

 

. DISASSRMBLY
Operation Performed Time Required
1. Dump Salt from Loop 15 min,
2. Cooling Flanges to Room Temperature b hrs,
3. Disconnect Thermocouples - Heaters - Airlines 1.5 min,
4, Remove Clamps 3.5 min,
| | Total % hrs. 20 min,
(See Figs. 21 and 22 for view of disassembled flanges) :;
“ 2
ASSEMBLY :
1. Cleaning Flanges 5 min,.
2. Replacing Flanges and Clamps - 5.5 min,

3. Reconnection of Thermocouples - Heaters - Airlines 5 min,
' Total 13.5 min,
(See Fig. 2 for view of assembled flanges)

Note:
The time periods listed are for handling two freege flange assemblies with twe men performing
the operations. The time periods were taken from a motion picture of the operations.
FREEZE-FLANGE JOINTS
(AXIS HORIZONTAL)

FLANGE /.\/

SALT FLOW

CAST-METAL -SEALED

FLANGE JOINT ADDITION

TO LOOP
T ~

 

 
  
 
   

| L _!
P 1 1 P

B

 

41

 

 

"CAST-METAL.-SEALED
FLANGE JOINTS (AXiS VERTICAL)

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL—LR—DWG 31974

FLLANGE B

/

 

—T HEATER SECTION
CLAM SHELLS
1.
]
T
I ,
LOOP TUBING - INCONEL,
;. .
:I[: /2 1. OD, 004‘5 in. WALL
T

 

SALT PUMP
- ]

N

 

 

 

 

 

 

\ ’ “
\\ r__l__ i
= ——
L 7]
\ T / |
.
S \ ( ——
1
|
I
!
|
|
N
-~

SALT FLOW

 

Fig.13. Schematic Drawing of Test Loop for Freeze Flange Tests 3 and 4

and Cast Seal Flange Tests 1and 2
 

-27-

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 31975

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5
2 S lee— FLLANGE B8
28 — [
zgml,i;v —s—— SALT FLOW
fij 30 33—2;
34—
g 3 IS
NOTE

SEE FIG.13 FOR DIAGRAM
OF INCONEL LOOP.

 

 

IF
7/%‘3—:% FLANGE A

— 36

 

 

Fig. 14. Schematic Drawing of Thermocouple Locations on the
Freeze Flanges for Tests 3 and 4.
- 28 .

flange assemblies were then welded into one end of the loop in the location
shown in Fig, 13.

A special furnace was placed around each cast seal flange for melt-
ing the metel inserts and to provide heat during loop operation. The loop
and flangss wers fill@d with helium prior to heating. The sssembly with
the silver insert was raised to 1830 - 1975°F ard held at this temperature
for cas hour to insure complete fusion of the silver., The melting point
of silver is 1760°F. The other asssmbly was trested in the same fashion,
excapt that the temperature was raised to 1570° - 1670°F. The melting point
of the copper-silver alloy is 1435°F.

The loop and flanges were then filled with helium at a pressure of ap-
proximately 25 psig to check for leakage through the cast metal seals. The
pressure did not drop after several nours, snd the flanges gave no indication
of sany leakags when checked with a scap solution coated over the flange joint
and around the bolts.

The loop was then placed in operation for thermal cycle testing as de-
seribed in Section 4.1,

During these tests, temperatures were measursd at the points indicated
in Pig. 7. Fluorids salt, Fuel No. 30, was circulated in the loop during
both tests on the cast seal flange. During Test Wo. 1, the salt temperaturs
was cycled 5C times between 1300 and 1100°F. The averags cycle time was
60 minutes, During Test No. 2, the salt temperaturs variation wes from
1100°F to 1300°F and back to 1100°F. The number of cycles wag 25 and the
averags cycle time was 62 minutes. Tests 1 and 2 on the cast zsal flanges
wers run simultanecusly with Tests 3 and 4 on the freeze flanges.

After the cycling tests, both flange assemblies were sszparated using

the special Turnmaces to melt the cast seals Juring the pariting operation,
- 29

Stainless steel rods were tack welded to the flanges to pull them apart,
while the seals were in the molten state, A diagram of this apparatus
is shown in Fig. 15. |

The top halves of each of the two flange assemblies were thoroughly
cleanad by placing them in a hydrogen furnace at 1900°F for about two
hours. The bottom halves of both assemblies were glven a superficial
cleaning using a brush and a vacuum cleaner. The bottom halves of the
flanges represent those parts of the mechanlical Joints which could not be
removed from a reactor system for cleaning and would have to be cleaned re-
motely.

Both flange assemblies were then reassembled using spring-loaded tie
rods to apply the necessary force to push the flange halves together. A
diagram of this apparatus is shown in Fig. 16. The special furnaces were
used arcund each assembly to melt the cast seals during the reassembly
operation,

Both flange assemblies were removed from the loop and sectioned for
metallurgical examination. This work was done by the Metallurgy Division,

(See Appendix 5 for thelr report.)

4.3 Inderted Seal Joint

Twe sets of flanges were assembled with metal gaskets priocr to in-
stallation 1n the locop. Four "C" clamps were used on each flange assembly.
The clamps were each tightened with a torque of 80 - 90 foot pounds. The
load ofi each gasket was approximately 12,000 pounds per inch of gasket
clrcumference, Fach flange assembly was leak tested using a helium leak
detector. DBoth assemblies were then welded into one end of the loop as

shown in Figs. 9 and 17.
_30,

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL—-LR—-DWG 31976

/TACK WELD IN SEVERAL PLACES

7(7'{ S Y4—in. DIA INCONEL RODS (TWO)

 

|
|
|
f

 

 

 

 

e
LR
ca

 

 

 

TACK WELD RODS TO FLANGE AND ADAPTER
(AT LEAST 6 TACK WELDS ON EACH ROD)

 

 

 

 

 

 

,__,7 Ya~in. DIA INCONEL RODS (TWO)

WELD RODS TO PLATE

 

 

 

 

/4/4-m. INCONEL PLATE, 8 x 8in.

]
\'" FILLOOR LEVEL

 

Fig. 15. Sketch of Extension Rods for Disassembly of Cast Seal Flanges.
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL~LR~-DWG 31977

///—5/3—in.-DIA BAR 316 STAINLESS STEEL 24-in. LONG

 

 

W)

 

 

 

 

COMPRESSION SPRING, STEEL t-in.OD X 2-in. LONG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

—
T ™
[ by —3/4~in.~SCH 80 STAINLESS STEEL PIPE
] h -
I y
by H - TOP OF EXISTING
Lo / HEATER BOX
, I
Il 1|i
|
IR
1 !
|l !
e
It
(! '|
|
:: i !
s D
|1 |
f |l
[ I
i
]!
[N |
1 ¥ CAST SEAL
:I Lol | FLANGE
|: :: ; ASSEMBLY
1 I
Ll 5I| .
" I I i ' |
i ! | | | |
l| ' I
8 ! | | | |
! i: | ! | |
; i | | | :
I :’ | | ' |
.I! l! | ' : :
S
C= ] '

 

 

Fig. 16. Sketch of Spring-Loaded Tie Rods for Reassembly of Cast Seal Flanges.
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL—-ILR-DWG 34978

INDENTATION SEAL FLANGES
(AXIS HORIZONTAL)

  

FLAMNGE A

:] ] HEATER CONNECTION LLUG

= |LOOP TUBING ~ INCONEL ,
Y/,=in.0D, x 0.045~in WALL

SALT FLLOW

|

 

 

 

 

 

 

el ——.

SALT FLOW

Fig.1 7. Schematic Drawing of Test Loop for Indented Seal Flange Tests { and 2.
5.0

-53...

The loop was then placed in operation for thermal cycle testing as de-
scribed in Section 4,1, During Test No. 1 temperatures were measured at
the points indicated in Fig. 5. Fluoride salt, Fuel No. 30, was circulated
in the loop at a flow rate of 2 gpm. The salt temperature was cycled 50
times between 1100°F and 130C°F. The average cycle time was 60 minutes,

Both flange assemblles were removed .from the loop after Test No, 1 for
leak testing. OSubsequently, the assemblies were separated and reassembled
with pew gaskets., The flanges were then re-installed in the loop for Test
No, 2.

During this test, temperatures were measured at the peoints indicated in
Fig. 18. The salt temperature was cycled between 1100 and 13%00°F. The number
of cycles was S0 and the average cycle time was 61 minutes.

Again, the flanges were removed from the loop for leak testing and dis-
agsembly. ©One of the flange assemblies was reassembled with a new gasket and

then leak tesbed.

Discussion of Results
5.1 Freeze FPlange Jeint

The maximam and minimm temperatures of various locations on the fleanges
during'tharmal cycling are listed for Tests 1 and 2 in Table 2; for Tests 3
and 4 in Table 3.

Examination of Tables 2 and 3 will show that the greatest temperature
variation, at any one point in the flanges, occurs at the flange hub near the
1loop tubing, For example, thermocouple No., 21, Table No. 2, Test No. 1,
varied from 862 to 1018°F. Thus, the greatest temperature variation, at
this polnt during cycling, was 156°F. The smallest variation occurs at
the periphery of the flanges as indicatea, in one case, by thermocouple

No. 24 in Table No. 2. The minimm and maximm temperatures indlcated
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 31979

INDENTATION SEAL FLANGE TEST NO. 2. THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS

TC 31—-34
™

FTC 3035

     

-TC 29-36

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LTC 2837
TC 3233
N //\ - TC 27-38
77 77 N TS S S Y
T 7777 S SN S S SN N S N
-

 

 

 

FLANGE A—=NICKEL PLATED IRON GASKET
TC NO. 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 32

FLANGE 8—NICKEL GASKET
TC NO. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38

m-psn.

Fig. 18. Schematic Drawing of Thermocouple Locctions for Test 2 on Indented Seal Fiange.
Table No, 2

FREEZE FLANGE TEMPERATURES MEASURED DURING TBEEMAL CYCLES

 

 

 

 

Test No, 1 - Salt Temperature Cycled Test No, 2 - Salt Temperabure Gycled
50 Times Between 1150 and 1300°F 30 Times Between 1300 and 1500°F
Minimum Maximum Minimum Mazimum
Thermocouple Temperature Cycle Temperature Cycle Temperature - Cycle ™ Temperature Cycle

Number # (°F) Number (°F) Number (°F) Number (*%) Number
21 862 16 1018 33,50 960" 3 1170 21,2k
22 Flange 625 16 760 53,50 695 1,3 950 9
23 A 450 6,14%,20 577 16 500 3 652 9
2k 245 16 280 50 275 3 305 30
25 69% 10 820 L 810 6,12 gh2 1
26 Flange  4oo 16 580 4 582 6,21 665 1 o
o7 A 348 16 403 50 410 6 452 1,9,27,30 .
28 205 16 240 L 250 1,3,6 260 9,24
13 798 6 957 33 915 3,6 122 21
14  Flange 560 16 635 N} 660 1,% 905 27
15 B 375 16 k7 41 465 6 595 15,21,27
16 200 10,16 228 37 255 2l 305 27
17 Th8 16 865 2 865 12,18,21 1010 1,3
18 Flange 510 16 590 2 615 12,18 | 700 1,6
19 B 315 16 362 50 410 6 450 3,6,9,30
20 185 16 215 50 260 21 278 30

 

* 0. 1 - Stainless Steel Seal Rings

ee Fig. 12 for location of thermocouples) Test
Test No. 2 - Soft Tron Seal Rings

f o
w3
(See Fig. 11 for diegram of Inconél loop;

==
Table No, 3

FREEZE FLANGE TEMPERATURES MEASURED DURING THERMAIL (CYOLES

 

 

 

 

 

 

Test No. 3 Salt Temperature Cycled Test Mo, 4 Salt Temperature Cycled
5C Times Between 1100°F and 1300°F 25 Tim=s Betwaen 1100°F and 1300°%F
Thermocouple Minimum Cycle Maximum Cycle Miaimam Cycle Masxeiomim Cycle
No, *# Temp., °F No. Temp, °F No. Teamp. °F No. Temp. °F No.,
27 Flange 185 1k 218 4G 195 1 225 2k
28 B 340 18 Lo l-hi-h2-4g 34T 12 Loo 2-l.2k
29 815 65-7-11 973 1 788 12 57 2
30 Plange 785 6 o4 L6 768 iz 932 1-2
z3 B 277 15 40 46-48-50 285 12 335 2L-25
32 182 14-15 225 50 190 1-12 218 2h-25
B A 295 15 325 50 500 1 55e 24
25 788 6 975 15 760 21 Ghs 2
z6 Flangs 737 13 903 L6 712 12 885 1
37 A 287 15 350 L6 thru 50 292 12 245 25
38 190 13-14k-15 235 46 200 1-12 233 2425
% {See Pig. 1k for location of thermocouples) Tests Nos. 3 and 4 - Copper Seal Rings

{8=e Fig. 13 for diagram of Iaconsl loop)

wggw
- 37 -

by this thermocouple were 245 and QSO“F,'respectivaly, Thus, the greatest
temperature variation, at this point during thermal cycling, was 35°F,

The lov maximum temperature, and the slight varlations in tempera-
ture encountered in the region of theifastenings and seal ring during
thermal cycling, are desirable features of the freegze flange Jjoint.

The meximum radial temperature difference between the outside and
inside diameters of the flange, during the same test, was 738°F. This
figure is €he differsnce between thermoccouples No. 21 and No, 24, taken
at their maximum values. The corresponding salt temperature was 1300°F.
The maximum such temperature difference cbtained for any of the tests was
817°F.

The above examples are typlcal of the freeze flange Qpera'bione Com-
plete data for all tests is presented in graphical form. The points of
large and small temperature variation can be seen to follow the above
descriphion. Graphs showing temperatures of the flanges throughout the
periods of thermal cycling are inmcluded in Appendix 2.

Gas leakage rates for Tests No. 1 and 2 were not satisfactory. This
was athributed to defects introduced during the initial fabrication of the
flanges. Some welding was performed on the flanges after all of the
machining had been completed, which caused a slight warping. In addition,
the finish on the seal ring grooves was not fine enough., These defects
were remedied by additional machining. Subsequent leakage rates were sat-
isfactory.

Gas leakage rates of the Joints used in Tests 3 and 4 are listed in
Table 4, Oune leak rate was obtained on each flange before Test 3 and after

Test 4. As can be seen from the data, there was an appreciable increase in
Table No, L

LEAX RATES OF FREEZE FLANGES AND INDENTED SEAL FLANGES

 

Freeze Flanges Indented Seal Flanges
Lesk Rate in cc/sec Leak Rate in cc/sec

Test No. Flange No., Before Test  After Test Test No. Flange No. before Test  After Test

3 A 3 %1077  Not Removed 1 A 5.2 x 1070 2.2 x 10°°

-8 , - -

3 B 2.3 x 1¢ Not Removed 1 B 1 x 10 7 1.5 % 10 9

4 A Seme as Test 3 1.7 x 107! % 2 A 1.2 x 1070 3.9 x 1077 #xx

L B Same as Test 3 5 % 1670 2 B 1.9 x 1078 1.2 x 1070 #x
{See Report ORNL CF No. 58-1~203 "Notes on Helium Test No. 1: Flange A - Iron Casket
Lezk Detection” by H. J. Metz) Flange B8 - Copper Gaskst
I% This flange asgembly was separsted and reassembled Test No. 2: Flange A - Nickel-Plated Tron Gasket
Lsing a new gopper seal ring to give a lsakage rate Flangs B - Nickal Gasket

of 2.0 x 107° cc/sec)
{#% This result was obbained after tightening one of
the "C" clamps. The clamp had looseced waen the loop

was cooled to room Lempsraturs foilowing cycling tests, )

{#%% This flange assembly was separated and reassembled
with a new nickel-plated ircon gasket to glve a leakage
rate of 5.0 x 107° ce¢/sec)

o Qg e
- 39 -

the leak rate after testing. A third leak rate was obtained on one of the
flange assemblies following the cycling tests, after disassembly and re-
agsembly with a new copper seal ring. This leak rate was 2.0 x 10~8
cc/second and successfully met the speclfication listed in Section 3.1,
paragraph (f).

The flange assemblies were heated or conled between room temperature
and the operating temperature of 1300°F at least eight times in the prepa-
ration for thermal cycling tests. The rate of cooling and heating was at
least 250°F per hour.

Both flanges operated successfully in that there was no indication
of sal% leakage, the gas leakage rates were satisfactory, and there was
no indication of any cracks due to thermal stresses. (See Section 3.1),

A memorandum concerning the metallurgical examination for stress cracks
is included in Appendix 6.

Oxidation of the copper seal rings was negligible. The rings had the
same bright appearance after testing as they did originally. The Inconel
Tlanges showed no noticeable salt corrosion., The flanges and seal rings
are shown after the completion of Test No. & in Pigs. 19 and 20.

The formation of the salt seal is shown in Fig. 21 after thermal
cyciing tests and disassembly. Parts are identified as follows: (1) Frozen
salt seal, (2) Lebyrinth insert ring, (3) Groove for seal ring. Both flanges
are shown after disassembly in Fig. 22 and various parts identified as
follows: (1) Cooling air lines, (2) Resistance heater lugs, (3) Calrod
heater leads, (4) Thermocouple leads, (5) Clam shell heaters, (6) Copper
seal rings im'placao

The same flange is shown after removal of the salt seal in Fig. 23.

The time for cleaning both flanges was not more than 5 minutes.
-40-

UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTO 31394

 

 

 

 

~ Fig. 19. Freeze Flange (1/2' Tubing Size) Open with Copper Seal Ring After Clean-
ing, Following Test 4.
—4]-

UNCLASSIFIED
AR N oy PHOTO 31393

 

b
INCHES

 

Fig. 20. Copper Seal Ring from Small Freeze Flange After Test 4.
~AD-

 

Fig. 21. Freeze Flange Showing Formation of Frozen Salt Seal.
-43-

UNMCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 30205

 

Fig. 22. Freeze Flanges Installed in Test Loop After Disassembly of the Flanges. Photo
showing both flanges disassembled.
(1) Air Cooling Inlet (4 places); (2) Resistance Heater Leads (2 places); (3) Calrod Heater
(1 place); (4) Thermocouple Leads (2 places); (5) Clam Shell Heaters (2 places)
(6) Seal Ring (2 places)
4

UNCL ASSIFLED
PHOTO 30207

 

Fig. 23. Freeze Flange After Removal of Salt Seal from Face of Flange.
- b5 -

The time necessary for the handling operations of disassembly and
reassembly is indicated in Table 1. Ease and speed of handling were de-
monst?ated, indicating that the freeze flange Joint is potentially suited
to remote manipulation, Other tests are in progress to demonstirate remote

handling of this type of Jjoint.

5.2 Cast Seal Joint

The maximum and minimm temperature of various locations on the
flanges during thermal cycling are listed, for Tests 1 and 2, in Table 5.

Examination of Table 5 shows that the temperature variation, during
thermal cycling, is nearly the same for a thermocouple located in a well
near the cast seal as it is for a thermocouple located at the flange peri-
phery near the flange bolts. For example, thermocouple No. 25, near a
bolt, varied from 1177°F to 1287°F during Test No. 1. This is a variation
during thermal cycling of 110°F. During the same test thermocouple No. 23,
in a well near the cast seal, varied from 1157°F to 1296°F, a variation of
139°F.

The temperature variation, during thermal cycling, in the region of
the bolts is about three tifies fhat obtained in the case of the freeze
flanges (See Section 5.1). In addition, the bolts were about 1000°F higher
in temperature than the clamps on the freeze flanges.

- The radial temperature difference, however, between the outside and
inside diameter of the fl;figes is small compared to the freeze flanges,
causing less thermal stress.

The above examples are typical of the cast seal flange operation. Com-~
plete data for all tests are included in graphical form. Graphs showing
temperature of the flanges throughout the periods of thermal cycling are

included in Appendix 3, There was no indication of any salt leakage during
Table No. 5

CAST SEAIL, FLANGE TEMPERATURES MEASURED DURING THERMAL CYCLES

 

 

 

 

 

Test No. 1 Salt Temperature Cycled | | — Test No. 2 Salt Temperature Cycled
50 Times Between 1100°F and 13%00°F 25 Times Between 1100°F and 1300°F
Thermocouple Minimm Cycle Maximm Cycle Minimm Cycle Maxdirmm Cycle
No, * Temp. °F No. Temp. °F No. Temp. °F No. Temp. °F No.
19 1158 13 1290 1-41 1128 20 1255 2l
20 Note 1150 13 1280  1-h1-42 1122 20 1245 15-2k
2 (1) 1212 13 130% % 1155 50 1238 15
22 1188 6-13% 1323 L2 1142 20 1285 2k
!
23 1157 6-13 1296 b1 1125 20 1258 15-24 &
2l Note 1142 13 1282 4 1110 20 1243 15-2k '
25 (2) 1177 1-13 1287 41 1130 20 1233 15-2h
26 1137 6 1315 L2 1110 20 1293 2L
Notes: Note:
(1) Flange with Silver Cast Seal The actual minimum temperature of all
(2) Flange with Copper-Silver Alloy Cast Seal thermocouples in Test No. 2 was during
(3) The salt and flange temperatures before the 18t cycle and was from 10° to L45°
cycling were 1300°F lower than the minimum temperatures
listed in table above,
* (See Fig. 7 for thermocouple location) The salt and flange temperatures before

(See Fig. 13 for diagram of Inconel loop) cycling were 1100°F,
any of the testing. There was ne indication of gae leakage with the lcop
and flangss under 25 psig of helium, followlrng the initial fusion of the

ring lnserts. The pressure indiecation on the loop did net decrease over

a pericd of several hours. There was ne indication of gas leskage using

3 goap solution on the flanges.

The steps and time periods ipvolved in disassembly of these flanges
are listed in Table 6. Difficulty was encountered in step (5), the re-
moval of four stainless sbesl bolts and nuts from each Tlange. Fach nut
had t¢ be heated to & rad heat, and a wrench used with considerable force.
In step (9), separation of the flanges while hot, it was found that the
flanges could not be pulled apart with a 25 to 50 pound force on the ex-
tension rods comnected tu the upper flacge half. It was necessary to open
the heater box arcund each flange and use a cc¢ld chisel to separate the
Tlange halves, Since all of the disassembly operations would be ac-
complished remotely in a reactor system, it is clear that the cast seal
Jolnts, as tested, were not satisfactory in this respect. A comparison
may be made in the time necessary for disassembly of the Freeze Flange
Joint and Cast Seal Joint by referring to the data in Tables 1 and 6,

The steps involved in reessembly of both flaanges are shown in Table 6,
Steps l; 2, 3 and 6 would be accomplished remotely in sn actual reactor
ingtallation. Afier reassembly, it was found that both assemblies leaked
helium badly at the interfaces of the flange halves, ILeaks were detected
with a scap solubtion while the flanges were under 15 psig of helium pres-
sure,

Photographs taken after disassembly of the flanges show that the
flanges and sealing alloys wers badly oxidized. Fig. 2% shows the flange

with the copper-silver alloy seal; Fig. 25 the flange with the silver seal.,
UNCTLASSIFIED
PHOTO 30923

 

Fig. 24, Cast Seal Flange After Disassembly Following Loop Tests - Copper-Silver
Alloy Seal.
—49-

UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTO 31423

 

Fig. 25. Cast Seal Flange After Disassembly Following Loop Tests - Silver Seal.
Table No. 6

TIME REQUIRED FOR ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY FOR CAST SEAL FLANGES

 

Operation Performed

 

Dumping Salt from Loop

Cooling Flange to Room Temperature

Removal of Insulation from Heater Box
Removal of Heater Box from Flanges

Removal of Four Bolts and Nuts from Flanges
Reinstall Heater Box

Replace Insulation

Heat Flanges to Melt Point of Seals

o

o

\O 0 1 Ot F o o+

Separation of Flanges vhile Hot

-
O

Cooling Flanges to Room Temperature

Cleaning Oxide from Flanges

Assemble and Install Flangees in Position
. Install Heater Box and Insulation

Heat Seals to Melt Point

. Heat Flanges to Compress and Adjust
Install Four Bolts and Nuts

o WV A8

(See Fig. 8 for view of assembled flange)

DISASSEMBLY .

Total

Total

Silver Seal

15 min.
4 hours
30 min.
10 min.
40 min.
10 min.
20 min,
6.5 hours
20 min.
3 hours
16 hours

ASSEMBLY

10 min,
30 min,
15 min.
4.5 hours
3.5 hours
5 min,

9 hours

Time Required

Copper Silver Alloy Seal

 

15 min.
4 hours
30 min,
10 min.
20 min.
10 min.
20 min,
4.5 hours
10 min.
2 hours
12 hours

10 min.

30 min.

15 min.
k.5 hours
3 hours

5 min.
8.5 hours

"Og"
- 51 -

Metallurglical examination confirmed that damage was done to the metal

seals during the heating cpesrations. Ses Appendix 3,

S e Imi&mt@a S@&l Joink

The maximm and minimun temperatures of varlous locstions on the
Tlaoges during thermal cycling are listed, for Test No. 1 in Table T; for
Test Mo, 2 in Table 8,

Exsmination of Takle 8 sbows that the temperature variation, during
thermal oyeling, for s tharmoccuple locsted in a well near the metal gasket
18 about ons-half that of a thermocouple located at the hub of the flange
naasr the l@@p‘twbinga

For exsmpls, thermocouple No. 30, near the gasket, varised from 960°F
to 1065°F, & variation during cysling of 105°F. Thermocouple No. 27 varied
from 1090°F to 13L0°F, a variation during cyeling of 220°F,

Tow tewperature variation, during thermal cycling in the reglon of the
clamps ;is about thrze times thai obiained in the case of the freeze flange
(S2e Section 5.1). This fact@rg togethear with the high temperature in the
reglon of the fastenings, means that the clamps oo the Indented Seal Flange
would have & greater tendency to looses than those on the freeze flange.

Ths radial tamperature difference, howsver, betwsen the oubslde and
inzide diamater of the flsrges is about 1/5 that of the freeze flauges
cauging less thermal sirsss,

The abuve esxamples are typlcal of the indented seal flange operation,
Complete data for all téatg ars pressnted in graphical form. Graphs show-
ing tsmperaturss of the flanges througbout the periods of thermal cycling
are included in Appendix 4.

Gas leakasge rates are listed in Table 4. Leak retes wers obtained
Tavls No. 7
LSTENTATION SFAL FLANGE TEMPERATURES MEASUKED DURING TEEFMAL CYCLES - TEST N, 1

Test ¥o. 1 - Balt Temperaturs Cycled 50 Times Betwesn 11007 and :3007F

 

| Mirvimun Maximum
Praraocouple Lemperaturs C Terparature {ycle
umhar "% Numben {°F) Numbsy

o3

5
Yot
M

M
=

o7 1073 10 1320 17

2G Flange 620 10 713 :
. : i
30 £32 10 735 1

33 1082 10 - 36 1%17 17
34 847 36 1015
5 Flangs 695 :6 - 45 803
36 B 673 45 780

O S
-1 =3 o

Flange A - Iron Gasket
Flangs & - Copper Gasket

* Thermocouplas damaged - count not repair during operation

 

{Sue Pig, % fov thermocoupls location)
(S2e Pig, 17 for disgram of Inconsl loop)
1 y K

mggw
Table Ro. 8
INDENTATION SEAL FLANGE TEMPERATURES.MEASURED DURING THERMAL CYCLES - TEST NO, 2

Test No. 2 - Salt Temperature Cycled 50 Times Between 1100° angd 1300°F

 

 

 

Minimum Maximuam
Thermocouple Temperature Cycle Temperature Cycle
Numbeyr ___(*P} Number (°F) Number
27 1090 31 1310 45
28 9355 28 - L4 1040 13
29 Flfg@ 971 12 1075 39
30 960 48 1065 39
31 957 b ' 1050 s 39 - 45
A2 1077 A 1295 ks
33 1097 Ly 1310 37
Zh 538 o~k 1031 b5
35 Flange 912 28 - hh 1008 3G
36 B 927 ho - iy 1025 G
37 958 28 1065 45
38 1076 31 1295 45

Flange A - Wickel Platad Iron Gasket
Flange B - Nickel Casket

 

 

 

{See Fig. 18 for thermocouple location)
{See Fig, 17 for dlagram of Inconel loop)

mgga—
bafore and after each thermsl cycling test. A new gaskel was then installed
in each flange agsembly, followed by another leak test. None of the four
gaskets, each of a different material, leaked salt. The flangs with the
copper gasket leaked helium following the thermal cycling in Test No, 1
however, the leak sealed itself before the flangs ssgenbly was removed

from the loop for checking with a helium leak detector, The copper gasketb
was badly oxidized as well, as shown in Fig. 26.

The flange with the annealed Armco iron gasket passed gas laakage
tests satisfactorily. This flange and gaskét 1s shown after test in Fig.
27. The iron gasket, after removal from the flangs, is shown in Fig. 28,
The outer edge of the gasket was oxidized and therafore congldersed un-
suitable,

As can be seen from photographs Nos. 26 and 27, a ring of frozen salt
nad formed between the flange faces., This frozen seal sxtended from the
loop tubing diameter of 0.410 inches to an cutside diamstsr of approxi-
mately 1-1/4 inches. For subsequent teste a heater was placed arcund the
outside of each flange assembly to insure that the salt bebwsen the flangs
faces would be in the molten state during testing.

Tha flange with the annealed nickel "A" gasket leaked gas arfter thermal
cycling testing; however, this was caused by loosening of ove of the "Q"
clamps, which held the flange halves togethero This flavg: and gasket is
gshown after testing in Fig. 29.

The flange with the nickel plated Armca iron gasket passed gas leakage
tests satisfactorlly. It 1s shown after testing in Fig. 30. No oxidization
of the gaskel was apparent.

With the exception of the annealed Armco ircn gasket , removal of the

gaskets from the flanges was difficult, It was necessary to cut the gaskets
 

r,l’l,t'l,l]tll YT Y11 °

o

 

 

INCHES

 

 

Fig. 26.

Indented Seal Flange with Copper Gasket After Testing.

UNCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 31133

 
UNCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 31132

 

 

’l'l,f'l’,'l"]lrl I]flfl'

o 1 2 3
INCHES

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 27. Indented Seal Flange with Armco Iron Gasket After Testing.
—57~

UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTO 31244

 

Biise, O

¥ Tt

\

Fig. 28. Armco Iron Gasket After Testing in Indented Seal Flange.
 

Fig. 2%,

Indented Seal Flange with Nickel Gasket After Testing.

 

UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTO 31518

...89..
 

Fig. 30. Indented Seal Flange with Nickel-Plated Armco Iron Gasket After Testing.

 

UNCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 31520

_69_
6.0

free of the flanges in a lathe.
Of the four gaskets tested, the nickel plated and annealed Armco
iron gasket proved most satisfactory. The Inconel flanges showed no sign
of damage from ecorrosion or mechanical defects. A more suitable method
of clamping is in order, to insure a tight seal during the various tempera-

ture chenges.

Future Tests

The same freeze flange Jjoint and indented seal joint, described in
Section 3 of this report, are now under test with molten sodium in an
Inconel loop. An annealed copper seal ring is being used in the freeze
flange. A nickel plated, annealed Armco iron gasket is being used in in-
dented seal flange. The tests are similar to those described above. Both
flange assemblies are shown installed at one end of the Inconel loop in
Fig. 31.

A larger size freeze flange jolnt has been fabricated. It is shown
assembled in Fig. 32. The flange is shown open with the copper seal ring
in place in Fig. 33. The principle of operation is identical to the small
size flange tested and described sbove, Provision has been made on the
ring seal for monitoring the gas leak rate during operation. Two such
flanges have been fabricated for testing with molten salt in a loop,
shown schematically in Fig. 34. The welding necks on the flanges will
match a Y-inch, schedule 4O pipe. An unusual feature of the large flange
is the use of a special clamp, made in two sections, which-holds the flanges
around their entire circumference. The clamp is shown in the asaembly’photo-
graph, Fig. 32. Holes were placed in the webs to reducerheat conduction
from the salt to the seal ring area. A metal screen will be inserted in

the space between the flange faces to reduce the hold-up volume of salt;
UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTQO 31622

 

Fig. 31. Freeze Flange and Indented Seal Flange Installed in Test Loop for Cycling Tests with Molten Sodium.
(1) Indented Seal Flange; (2) Calrod Heaters; (3) Toggle Clamp; (4) Air Cooling Inlet; (5) Freeze Flange

- 19_
 

Fig. 32. Assembly of Large Freeze Flange.

UNCL ASSIFIED
PHOTO 31405

_39..
UNCLASSIFIED
PHOTO 31406

 

Fig. 33. Large Freeze Flange Shown Open with Copper Seal

Ring in Place.

_.89..
—64 -

UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 31980

SALT PUMP

P Yo-in. PIPE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

4-in. PIPE

FREEZE FLANGES

   

FLOOR LEVEL

Fig. 34. Schematic Drawing of Test Loop for Large Freeze Flange.
aad to hold the salt cake together for easy snd guick removal whan the
flanges are disasssmbled,

This 4-inck jolat is made of Incomel, and the seal ring of dead-soft
arnsaled copper with a one mll nickel plate. The clamps are of carbon stael,
Two T/8-inch heat trested bolts are used to hold the clamps and flangs halves
together,

It is believed that Yesb results on the large flanges can be gsafely
sxtrapolated to determine the sultability of the freezs fiange Joint for

2 molten salt reactor system,

Approved by

 
- 66 -

APPENDIX 1

Preliminary Mechanical Joint Specificaticn
- 67 -

INTRA-LABORATORY CORRESPONDENCE
CAK RIDGE NATTONAL LABORATORY

Kovenber 14, 1957

Tos Lisgted Distribution
Froms G. D. Whitman

Subject: Preliminary Mechanical Joint Specification

 

The attached specification has been prepared for your review and
comnert., This document is intended for internal use and should serve
primarily as a design and development gulde., Some of the values listed
are more or less arbltrary; however, the criteria presented must be dealt

with, and more congidered limits may be assigned after a thorough review,

GDW/ds
Att,

Distributlion

W. B. McDonald
H. W, Savage

H. 3., MacPherson
E. J. Bresding
B. W. Kinyon

L. A. Mann

Jo Zasler
IT.

III.

PRELIMINARY MECHANTCAL JOINT SPECIFICATION

ocope

 

This specification selsz forth the requirements for a mechanical joint which

may he used 1o a radioactive high temperature molten salt system,

Service Regulraments

 

This unit shall contaln radisactive molten salts at tempersturss up to 1300°F,
and shall contaln gaseous fission products bstween normal ambisnt and 1300°F,
In addition, the unit sball be adaptable to remots assembly, disassembly and

leak checking.

Materials of Construction

 

The materials of construction ghall be compatible with the process fluids and

in no way centribute contaminants which might reduce the life of the system

or in any way raduce the efficlency of the nuclear or thermodynawmic processes.
Furthermors, it would be highly desirabls to eliminete materials of construction

which would result in high levels of induced activity.

Mechanical Design

 

A. Bize
The unit shall be adaptsble to plpe sizee rangiog from 1/2" IPS +o 12" TIPS,
B. Orientation
It is highly desirable that the unit be adaptable to piping runs of random
orientation; however, a single application to vertical or horizontal ruus
shall be considered acceptable.
C. Holdup Volume
When the procegs fluid is drained from the system, the residual msterial
if any, shall not be more than 2 ce., Any material held up must bs re-

tained for inventory purposes and shall bs handled in a mannsr that rse-
- 69 -

duces the spread of contamination.

Alignment Tolerance

The unit shall be capable of functioning to meet the requirements of this
spacification with a piping centerline mismatch of # i/32" snd/or angularity
misalignment between piping runs of * 1/2°, These specifications are to

be met without stressing the joining piping runs beyond thelr design

imit.

Flow Resistance

The run of piping containing the unlt shall not have any appreciable in-
crease in flow resistance as compared to & similar section of regular pipe.
Strength

The unit shall behave the same ag the parent plping under time, tempera-
turs, and stress and shall not require preferential application,

Remote Servicing

All special tools, fixtures, and leak checklng equipment shall be con-
eidered as part of the unit package, and practical x@m@te demonstration of
such apparatus will be required.

General

Because of the remoteness of the appllcation, it is desirable that auxiliary

service requirements be kept to an absolute minimum.

Leak Tightness

A,

Gas Leskage
1., Gas leaks shall be determined by means of a mass spectrometer leak

7

detector having a sensitivity of 1 x 10 ' cc/sec. Ths system
sensitlivity shall be established before each test by calibration

of thes detector with a standard leak.
<

- TO =

No indication of gas leaksge sball be permitted. This leakages specifi-
cation shall apply during and after SO temperature cycles betwean
ambient and 1200°F. The rate of temperature changs shall not be less
than 100°F per hour.

Section V-A-2 of this specificaticn is to bhe repsated after the unit

has been remotely disassembled and assemblad.,

Fluid Leakage

1.

2.

No fluid leakage shall be permitted.

The wnit shell be cycled 50 times betwsen 1100°F and 1300°F with no
indication of fluid leakags.

Section V-B-2 of this specification is to be repsated aftsr the unit

has been remotely disassembled and agsembled,

Special Leak Testing

Provision shell be made to establish the leak tightness of the unit during

kigh temperature operation., Means shall be provided to collact the at-

mosphers surrounding the unit during high tempsraturs fluid service to

establish that gas contained in the fluid doss not egress through the seal,

Preparsd by: G. D. Woltmsn
111157
- TL ~

APPENDIX 2

Graphs of Freseze Flange Thermal Cycling Tests
;
-]
5 PO
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460
30 o

       

    

   

  

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CYCLE  Time (HoURS)
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CYCLE  TYME (HOUKS)

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- 86 -

APPENDIX 3

Graphs of Cast Seal Flange Thermal Cycling Tests
 

2

      

/<3

L

/8

   

20 22 %%
CYCLE TIME

  

29 4
(HOURS)

 

45

 

 

4’7

UNCLASSIFIED ONLelR=Dwg, 31995

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CYCLE TIME

 

(HouRS)

,.06..

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BOOT L= SH~T=TINEO

tata
- Gl -

APPENDIX 4

Graphs of Indented Seal Flange Thermal Cycling Tests
)

&

CYC/S £

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- 100 -

APPENDIX 5

Report on Metallurgical Exsmination of the Cast Seal Flanges
~ 10l -

SCLIDIFIED METAL SEAL DEVELOPMENT

G. M. Slaughter

In order to provide information to the dssigners of the solidified metal
geal, several 0.252-1n,-dia tensile bars wars prepered from cast silver,
These ware tested at room temperature, 1200°F, and 1M00°F. The test re-
sults indicate that the room-temperature mechanical propsrtiss are aboutb
the sams as the publishked data; i.e,, 20,000 psi tensile, 8,000 psi yield,
and 50% elongation inm l-in, At 1200°F, the teunsile strength dropped to
2,400 psi and the yield strength to 1,900 psi, with a corresponding
elongation of 6 - 10%. At 1400°F, the tensile strength was 1,500 psi,
the yield strength wag 1,00 psi, and the slongation was 10%.

The two flanges that were operated in test at ¥-12 were received for
metallographic examination, A half-section of the silver flange is shown
in Flg. 35 {¥-26029), while a half-section of the silver-copper flange is
shown in Fig. 36 (¥-26103). The exsmination indicated that moderate oxi-
dation of the components during opening and closing the flange had occurred,
thereby impeding wetting of the base metal. The flange utilizing the silver-
copper alloy appesred to be less subject to this condition than that con-
taining the pure silver, probably because of the lower tempsraturss re
gqulred to remelt it during opening. A pbotomicrograph of a typleal inter-
face between the silver-copper and the Inconel base metal is shown in Fig,

57 (v-26241),
-102-

UNCL ASSIFIED
Y-26029

 

Fig. 35. Cast Seal Flange with Silver Seal, Sectioned.
-103-

UNCL ASSIFIED
Y-26103

 

Fig. 36. Cast Seal Flange with Copper-Silver Alloy Seal,
Sectioned.
T = -
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INCHES

"{0.02

 

 

 

Fig. 37. Cast Seal Flange with Copper-Silver Alloy Seal; Photomicrograph of Interface

of Alloy and Inconel Wall.
- 105 -

APPENDIX 6

Report on Metallurgical Exemination of the Freeze Flange Joint
- 106 -

INTER-COMPANY CORRESPONDENCE

UNION CARBIDE NUCLEAR COMPANY
A Division of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation

To: A. Taboada Plant: 9201-3, ¥-12
Copies to: W. B. McDonald Date: May 26, 1958
A. S, Olson
RSC Files (¥C) Subject: Examinaticn of Freeze Flange

This freeze flange had operated through several thermal cycles in test.

Information regarding possible cracking was desired.

Three sections were taken through the center hole to explore all the areas
likely to exhibit cracks. One section included a welded-on web and s
longitudinal section through the center hole. Another section was taken
roughly 45° away longitudinally through the hole and a third in trarsverse
cross sectior through the counter-sunk center of the flange. It was in this

area that cracking was felt to most likely occur.

None of the sections examined showed any cracks.

R. S. Crouse

RSC:fl
- 107 -

APPENDIX 77

Asssnbly Drawings of the Mechanicsl Joints and Loop
Freeze Flange Mechanlcal Jolnt - 1/2" tublng size.

Dwg, No. D-2-02-054-6777

Cast Seal Joint

Dwg. No. C-2-02-054-6837

Indented Seal Jolnt

Dwg, o, D-2-02-054-7249

Freeze Flange Joint - U-inch pipe size

Dwg. No. E-2-02-054~TOL4

Towconel Test Loop

Dwg. No, B-2-02-054-7126

(The drawing shows the loop configuration for fresze flenge testy

Nos. 5 and 4 and cast seal flange tests Nog, 1 and 2. For the indentaed
seal flange tests, the cast seal Tlaunges were cut out of tha loop and ra-
placed by lengbhs of 1/2 inch Inconel tubing., The freeze flanges were cub

out of the loop and the indented seal flanges inpstalled in their placs,)
~109-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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REFERENCE DRAWINGS {  ows. wo.
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D ] D Ll [T °
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scars AL muvipn-57 77 -5 scare £34 nouper S E277- 2 B W bt | T kLY JSENE VOTED | D352-4 1 [ D-2-02-054-6 777

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
-110-

 

 

 

SILVER ALLOQY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PARTS LIST

ITEM DWW, W0, | QJTY, NAME
! |B-6839 | / |UFPPER FLANGE
£ 18-€6838 | / |[OwWFERL FLANGE

CAF SCL, SOC. A2
S [6e8373\ 4 Iz ¥ 3 14k
A €837 5 (W7 B
5 B-¢840 |/ | 5F£4L A/VE

 

RING IS

MELTED AFTER JOINT

IS ASSEMBLED. JOINT IS

SURROUNDED BY ELECTRIC
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Figure No,
1 Cross Section of Freeze Flange Joint . o o o ¢ ¢ « &
2 Freeze Flanges Installed in Inconel Test ILoop . . .
%  Schematic Drawing of Indented Seal Mechanical Joint
4  Assembly of Indented Seal Flangs Before Testing . .
5 Parts of Indented Seal Flange Before Testing . . . .
6 Indernted Seal Flange Shown Assenbled with "C" Clamps
T Cast Seal Flapge Showing a Cross Ssction View and
Thermocouple Location o o o « ¢ « 2 o « » » o
8 Assenwbly of Cast 828l Flanges . + + o » o « o & o
9]':13.(:0%1@1@@%‘&1‘099...... e & @ @ & © & ® o e @
lO m@@n@lTefitL@@P”mpmdaooqoooa»-oo-a
11 Schematic Drawing of Test Loop for Freeze Flange
%@Stfilandgfloil‘@.fl.l.fi.'..
12 Schematic Drawing of Thermocouple Locations on the
Freezs Flanges for Tests 1 and 2 . . o o « &
13 Schematic Drawing of the Test Loop for Freeze Flange
Tests 3 and L and Cast Seal Flange Tests 1 and 2
1% Schematic Drawing of Thermocouple Locations on the
Presze Flanges for Tests 3and b . . . . . .
15 8ketch of Exteunsion Rods for Disassembly of
C&St S&al Fl&flg@fi & . “ » [ * * ° - . s . .
16 8Sketch of Spring-loaded Tie Rods for Reassembly of
Ca&tS@alFlaflgefi s 2 3 & & ©® @ & & B © s @
17 BSchematlie Drawing of Test Loop for Indented Seal
Flapge Testes L and 2 . + ¢ & ¢ o ¢ o0 ¢ & &
.18 Schematic Drawinglof Thermocouple Locations for Test 2
on Ipdented Seal Flange., « o o o« o » ¢ o +
19 Freeze Flange (1/2" Tubing size) Open with Copper Seal
' Ring After Cleaning Following Test 4 . . . . . .
20 Copper Seal Ring from Small Freeze Flange After Test 4
21 Freeze Flange Showing Formation of Frozen Jalt Seal . .

- 115 -

List of Figures

*

L]

Page HNo.,

a0

10

11

15
1k

15
17

22

e3

26

27

31

o 724

5k

Lo
ka
L2
~ 116 -

Figure No,

ne

26
27

29
30

A

N
N

55
2
57

Freezs Flanges Installed in Test Loop After
Disasgembly of the Planges . .+ ¢ ¢ ¢ o +» ¢ o o o o

Freezs Flange After Removal of Salt Seal from
Face of Flangs . ¢ o o o o o o s o o o o s o ¢ ¢ o

Cast Seal Flangs after Disassembly Following Loop Tests -
COPP@-T"SilVE? Allfly Sfi&l ° ° o o * s o . a s o » .

Cast Seal ¥lange After Disassembly Following
LODP Testfi o Silvf;“l" S@&l - . . . o o ° o o o » 2 o

Tndented S=al Flange with Copper Gasket after Testing . .
Indented Sssl Flange with Armco Iron Gasket after Testing
Armco Iron Gasket Affter Tesgting in Indented Seal Flange .
Indented Seal Flange with Nickel Gagket after Testing .

Indented Seal Flange with Nickel-Plated Armco Tron
Gasket after Testdng + o« o ¢ o« o o 0o 2 s o o o o o

Fresze Flange and Indented Seal Flangs Tunstalled in
Tegt Loop for Cycling Tests with Molten Sodium .

Azgembly of Large Freeze Flange . o ¢« o o o o o s o o o o

Large Freezs Flange Shown Open with Copper Seal Ring
InPlace . 4 o 4 o o s o o s o s 0 0 5 o 0 5 e o o

Schematlc Drawing of Test Loop for large Fresze Flaoge
Cash Seal Flange with Silver Seal, Sectlonad . . . - o »
Cast Seal Fleange with Copper-Silver Alloy Seal, Ssotiloned

Cast S=al Flangs with Copper-Silver Alloy Sszalj; Pholto-

micrograpk of Interface of Alloy and Inconel Wall .

Pags No.

k9
93
56
>
58

29

104
- 247 -

List of Tables
Table No. Page No.

1 Time Required for Assenbly and Digassembly for
Freeze FlangeS « o o o o o 2 ¢ ¢ 2 2 s o o o s a o o o ¢ 25

2 TFreeze Flange Temperatures: Measured During Thermsl Cycles . , . 35

Freeze Flange Temperatures Measured During Thermal Cycles . , ., 36

£

lLeak Rates of Freeze Flanges and Indented Seal Flanges . . . » 38

1

Cast Seal Flange Temperatures Measured During Thermal Cycles. . 46

N

Time Requlred for Assembly and Disassembly for Cast Seal
Fl ange 8 - . . » . - » > L o * e * ® - Q L 4 * . » - ¢ * * 50

T Indentation Seal Flange Temperatures Measured During
Thermal Cycles - Test NO. L & 4 4 6 o o o s o ¢ 2 s o » 52

8 Indentation Seal Flange Temperatures Measured During
Thermal Cycles ~ Test No. 2 . ¢ ¢ ¢« ¢ o ¢ o o« ¢« ¢« o« &« + 53
 
Distribution

1. G. M. Adamson
2. S, E. Beall

3. A. Benson, AEC
L. D, §. Billington
5. K. E. Blanco

6. F. F. Blankenship
T E. P. Blizard
8, A. L. Boch

9. E. G. Bohlmann
10. B. §. Bomar

11, ¢. J. Borkowski
12, W, F. Boudreau
13. G. E. Boyd

1%, E. J. Breeding
15, J. . Bresee
16. R. B. Briggs
17. ¥. B. Browm

18, ®. R. Bruce

19, D. W, Cardwell
20, W, R. Casto

21, . BE. Denter
22, R, E. Chapman
23. R. A. Charple
24, B, B, Clausing
25, PF. L. fuller
26, J. 5, Culver
27. Jo E. DeVan

28, 8, E., Dismke
29. H. ¢, Duggan
0. W. K. Bister
3. L. B. BEmlet

32. J. Y. Estabrock
3. D. E. Ferzuson
34, A, F. Frass

5. E. &, Franco-Ferreira
3.,  J. 5. Frye, Jr.
37 . W, R, Call

B2, H, E, Goeller
3. W. R. Grimes
Y. E. Guth

Yi. C. 8. BEarrill
A. W. Hoffman
hz, A, Hollsender
4h, W. 8. Eoronbaker

45. A, 8. Householder
Y6, W, H., Jordsn

T P. R. Kasten

Y3, G. W. Keilholtz
Yo, M. T. Kelley

50. W, H. Kelley, Jr.

- 119 -

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54,
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B. McDeonald
K. McGlothlan
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Z. Morgsn
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P. Marray
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R. Osborn
W, Parrish
Patriarca
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W. Savolainen
F. Schaffer
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A. Swartout
Tabhoada

H. Tayler

S. Toomb

B. Trauger
E., Unger

M. Weinberg
E. Winters
D. Whitman
Zagslier

Iab Records, ORKL {RC)

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