diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 8ebfc3f1e4ad..7abe680d689f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ Compatibility:
 * Declare `File::SHARE_DELETE` constant (#3745, @andrykonchin).
 * Support `symbolize_names` argument to `MatchData#named_captures` (#3681, @rwstauner).
 * Support `Proc#initialize_{dup,copy}` for subclasses (#3681, @rwstauner).
+* Remove deprecated `Encoding#replicate` method (#3681, @rwstauner).
 
 Performance:
 
diff --git a/spec/tags/core/encoding/replicate_tags.txt b/spec/tags/core/encoding/replicate_tags.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 204f9a955f6f..000000000000
--- a/spec/tags/core/encoding/replicate_tags.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-slow:Encoding#replicate raises EncodingError if too many encodings
-fails:Encoding#replicate has been removed
diff --git a/spec/tags/truffle/methods_tags.txt b/spec/tags/truffle/methods_tags.txt
index d29266188948..dc62e547dd47 100644
--- a/spec/tags/truffle/methods_tags.txt
+++ b/spec/tags/truffle/methods_tags.txt
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ fails(we defined these methods on the generated Data subclasses):Public methods
 fails(we defined these methods on the generated Data subclasses):Public methods on Data should include to_s
 fails(we defined these methods on the generated Data subclasses):Public methods on Data should include with
 fails:Public methods on Dir should include chdir
-fails:Public methods on Encoding should not include replicate
 fails:Public methods on Fiber should include kill
 fails:Public methods on Method should include dup
 fails:Public methods on Module should include set_temporary_name
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingManager.java b/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingManager.java
index ae23a030a0ec..3eb5fcdfe40e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingManager.java
@@ -256,16 +256,6 @@ public synchronized RubyEncoding createDummyEncoding(String name) {
         return defineDynamicEncoding(Encodings.DUMMY_ENCODING_BASE, nameBytes);
     }
 
-    @TruffleBoundary
-    public synchronized RubyEncoding replicateEncoding(RubyEncoding encoding, String name) {
-        if (getRubyEncoding(name) != null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        final byte[] nameBytes = StringOperations.encodeAsciiBytes(name);
-        return defineDynamicEncoding(encoding.jcoding, nameBytes);
-    }
-
     public RubyEncoding getLocaleEncoding() {
         return localeEncoding;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingNodes.java b/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingNodes.java
index 472f2af3c78d..2a2afa4e85c8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingNodes.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/truffleruby/core/encoding/EncodingNodes.java
@@ -537,33 +537,6 @@ public static RubyArray setIndexOrRaiseError(Node node, String name, RubyEncodin
 
     }
 
-    @Primitive(name = "encoding_replicate")
-    public abstract static class EncodingReplicateNode extends EncodingCreationNode {
-
-        @Specialization(guards = "strings.isRubyString(this, nameObject)", limit = "1")
-        static RubyArray encodingReplicate(RubyEncoding object, Object nameObject,
-                @Cached RubyStringLibrary strings,
-                @Cached ToJavaStringNode toJavaStringNode,
-                @Bind("this") Node node) {
-            final String name = toJavaStringNode.execute(node, nameObject);
-
-            final RubyEncoding newEncoding = replicate(node, name, object);
-            return setIndexOrRaiseError(node, name, newEncoding);
-        }
-
-        @TruffleBoundary
-        private static RubyEncoding replicate(Node node, String name, RubyEncoding encoding) {
-            if (getContext(node).getEncodingManager().getNumberOfEncodings() >= Encodings.MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENCODINGS) {
-                throw new RaiseException(
-                        getContext(node),
-                        coreExceptions(node).encodingErrorTooManyEncodings(Encodings.MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENCODINGS, node));
-            }
-
-            return getContext(node).getEncodingManager().replicateEncoding(encoding, name);
-        }
-
-    }
-
     @Primitive(name = "encoding_create_dummy")
     public abstract static class DummyEncodingNode extends EncodingCreationNode {
 
diff --git a/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/encoding.rb b/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/encoding.rb
index aba9d2968861..3415f66b2196 100644
--- a/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/encoding.rb
+++ b/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/encoding.rb
@@ -138,12 +138,6 @@ def names
     names
   end
 
-  def replicate(name)
-    warn 'Encoding#replicate is deprecated and will be removed in Ruby 3.3; use the original encoding instead', category: :deprecated, uplevel: 1
-
-    Truffle::EncodingOperations.replicate_encoding(self, name)
-  end
-
   def _dump(depth)
     name
   end
diff --git a/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/truffle/encoding_operations.rb b/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/truffle/encoding_operations.rb
index 2a231705a262..27f6bce35ab6 100644
--- a/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/truffle/encoding_operations.rb
+++ b/src/main/ruby/truffleruby/core/truffle/encoding_operations.rb
@@ -49,13 +49,6 @@ def self.dummy_encoding(name)
       [new_encoding, index]
     end
 
-    def self.replicate_encoding(encoding, name)
-      name = StringValue(name)
-      new_encoding, _index = Primitive.encoding_replicate encoding, name
-      EncodingMap[name.upcase.to_sym] = [nil, new_encoding]
-      new_encoding
-    end
-
     def self.define_alias(encoding, alias_name)
       key = alias_name.upcase.to_sym
       EncodingMap[key] = [alias_name, encoding]