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Installation.md

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Installation Guidelines

This video walks you through the installation steps in this document: Installation instructions explanation


This installation guidelines are tested on:
  1. Qemu Simulator / Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
  • Note Qemu Simulator / Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is now deprecated and won't work.

Required Dependencies

Check whether your machine is 32-bit or 64 bit:

  • If the output is i686 or i386, then the machine is 32-bit.
  • If it is x86 64, then it is 64-bit.
uname -m
sudo apt-get update

GCC. Version 4.0 or later is preferred. Version 3.3 or later should work:

  • If the host machine has an 80x86 processor, then GCC should be available as gcc.
  • Otherwise, an 80x86 cross-compiler should be available as i386-elf-gcc.
sudo apt-get upgrade gcc

GNU binutils. Pintos uses addr2line, ar, ld, objcopy, and ranlib. If the host machine is not an 80x86, versions targeting 80x86 should be available with an i386-elf- prefix.

sudo apt-get install binutils
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install libfdt-dev
sudo apt-get install libpixman-1-dev
sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install autoconf
sudo apt-get install libtool
sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev
sudo apt-get install g++
sudo apt-get install libx11-dev
sudo apt-get install libxrandr-dev
sudo apt-get install libxi-dev
sudo apt-get install libnfs-dev libiscsi-dev
sudo apt-get install valgrind
sudo apt-get install ninja-build

Perl. Version 5.8.0 or later is preferred. Version 5.6.1 or later should work.

sudo apt-get upgrade perl

GDB. If the host machine is not an 80x86, a version of GDB targeting 80x86 should be available as i386-elf-gdb.

sudo apt-get install libc6-dbg gdb

GNU make, version 3.80 or later.

sudo apt-get install make

Git.

sudo apt-get install git

Qemu Installation

Download Qemu project.

mkdir $HOME/apps
cd $HOME/apps
git clone https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu.git
cd $HOME/apps/qemu

Prepare a native debug build.

mkdir -p bin/debug/native
cd bin/debug/native

Cinfugure your installation:

  • For 64-bit machines:
../../../configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-debug
  • For 32-bit machines:
../../../configure --target-list=i386-softmmu --enable-debug

If you get this error "pixman >= 0:21:8 not present.", execute the following command then repeat the configuration step.

git submodule update --init pixman

If you get this error "DTC (libfdt) version >= 1:4:0 not present.", execute the following command then repeat the configuration step.

git submodule update --init dtc

Build Qemu.

make

Test your Qemu build by the listing directories of the built first.

  • For 64-bit machines, a directory with name x86_64-softmmu should be present.
  • For 32-bit machines, a directory with name i386-softmmu should be present.
cd $HOME/apps/qemu/bin/debug/native/
ls

Check whether each the Qemu binary exists inside the build directoy.

  • For 64-bit machines, an executable with name qemu-system-x86_64 should be present.
cd $HOME/apps/qemu/bin/debug/native/x86_64-softmmu
ls
  • For 32-bit machines, an executable with name qemu-system-i386 should be present.
cd $HOME/apps/qemu/bin/debug/native/i386-softmmu
ls

Make a link of the built Qemu binary inside the /bin to be able to use it from scripts.

  • For 64-bit machines:
sudo ln -s $HOME/apps/qemu/bin/debug/native/x86_64-softmmu/qemu-system-x86_64 /bin/qemu
  • For 32-bit machines:
sudo ln -s $HOME/apps/qemu/bin/debug/native/i386-softmmu/qemu-system-i386 /bin/qemu

Note: If an error "/bin/qemu already exists" arises from last command, do the following command which removes /bin/qemu then repeat the above ln command again.

sudo rm /bin/qemu
REPEAT the above sudo ln -s ... command

Check that Qemu has been installed correctly, the following command should print the path of Qemu /bin/qemu

which qemu

PintOS Installation

Any refer to $PINTOSHOME should be replaced with pintos absolute path, for example $PINTOSHOME -> /home/vm/pintos/ if username is vm.

Assuming, that pintos is in the ~/ directory, Add PINTOSHOME to path variable.

echo "export PATH=~/pintos/src/utils:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc

Reload environment variables.

source ~/.bashrc

Test your pintos path installation. Run the following command, the full absolute path of pintos script should be printed. For example the output might be "/home/vm/pintos/src/utils/pintos".

which pintos

GDBMACROS

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/pintos-gdb to change the definition of GDBMACROS to point to where you installed gdb-macros. Test the installation by running the following command without any arguments. If it does not complain about missing gdb-macros, it is installed correctly.

Change this line GDBMACROS=/usr/class/cs140/pintos/pintos/src/misc/gdb-macros to GDBMACROS=$PINTOSHOME/src/misc/gdb-macros.

Example: GDBMACROS=/home/ubuntu/pintos/src/misc/gdb-macros Note: do not forget to use the absolute path in place of $PINTOSHOME.

pintos-gdb

Compile the Utilities, and ignore any warnings.

If you're using Ubuntu 20, you might have the following error: "stropts.h No such file or header", ignore squish-pty (remove its entities from the makefile) and delete the header from squish-unix and it should work fine, then run the make command again in pintos utils directory, only bochs depends on squish-pty so if you are using qemu this should not matter to you.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/utils
make

Point to qemu in pintos perl script

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/pintos 
line 104: from $sim = "bochs" if !defined $sim; to $sim = "qemu" if !defined $sim;.
line 627: from my (@cmd) = ('qemu-system-i386'); to my (@cmd) = ('qemu');

Now you need to do only the part related to the phase you're currently working on.

Phase 1 Installation

Set Qemu as phase 1 simulator.

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/threads/Make.vars
line 7: from SIMULATOR = --bochs to SIMULATOR = --qemu

Compile Pintos Kernel, as a result a new "build" directory will be created as a sub-directory of: $PINTOSHOME/src/threads/.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/threads/
make

Point to phase 1's kernel & loader in pintos and pintos.pm, by changing the path of both kernel & loader to absolute path of phase 1's kernel & loader.

$PINTOSHOME/src/utils/pintos 
line 260: from kernel.bin to the absolute path pointing to it: $PINTOSHOME/src/threads/build/kernel.bin

$PINTOSHOME/src/utils/Pintos.pm 
line 362: from loader.bin to the absolute path pointing to it: $PINTOSHOME/src/threads/build/loader.bin

Change all pintos files permissions.

cd $PINTOSHOME
chmod -R 777 ./

Run Pintos & Test your installation.

pintos run alarm-multiple
cd $PINTOSHOME/src/threads
make grade

Phase 2 Installation

Disable compiler optimizations to avoid compiler optimizations on user programs' stack, which might lead to many unexpected errors.

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/Make.config
Line 36: from "CFLAGS = -g -msoft-float -O" to "CFLAGS = -g -msoft-float -O0"
i.e. add 0 to the end of line 43

Compile phase 2.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/userprog/
make

Point to phase 2's kernel & loader in pintos and pintos.pm.

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/pintos 
line 260: from 'threads' to 'userprog': $PINTOSHOME/src/userprog/build/kernel.bin

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/Pintos.pm 
line 362: from 'threads' to 'userprog': $PINTOSHOME/src/userprog/build/loader.bin

Change all pintos files permissions.

cd $PINTOSHOME
chmod -R 777 ./

Test your installation.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/userprog
make grade

Phase 3 Installation

Compile phase 3.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/vm/
make

Point to phase 3's kernel & loader in pintos and pintos.pm.

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/pintos 
line 257: from 'userprog' to 'vm': $PINTOSHOME/src/vm/build/kernel.bin

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/Pintos.pm 
line 362: from 'userprog' to 'vm': $PINTOSHOME/src/vm/build/loader.bin

Change all pintos files permissions.

cd $PINTOSHOME
chmod -R 777 ./

Test your installation.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/vm
make grade

Phase 4 Installation

Compile phase 4.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/filesys/
make

Point to phase 4's kernel & loader in pintos and pintos.pm.

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/pintos 
line 257: from 'vm' to 'filesys': $PINTOSHOME/src/filesys/build/kernel.bin

Edit $PINTOSHOME/src/utils/Pintos.pm 
line 362: from 'vm' to 'filesys': $PINTOSHOME/src/filesys/build/loader.bin

Change all pintos files permissions.

cd $PINTOSHOME
chmod -R 777 ./

Test your installation.

cd $PINTOSHOME/src/filesys
make grade

Common Problems

  1. pintos.pm and pintos, don't use variables. Use absolute paths directly. so "my $name = find_file ('$PINTOSHOME/src/threads/build/kernel.bin');" is wrong, instead you should write the absolute path for-exampe "my $name = find_file ('/usr/username/pintos/src/threads/build/kernel.bin');".

  2. If Qemu was not be installed correctly, try removing "qemu" from /bin and re running the command "sudo ln -s $HOME/apps/qemu/x86_64-softmmu/qemu-system-x86_64 /bin/qemu", if this doesn't work, remove "qemu" from /bin then reinstall qemu again.

  3. If you follow the provided offical pintosIntro pdf installation guide, you might copy the command directly from the document and the _ would get discarded. Make sure you've written has the _ in x86_64.