diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 9a0afc67e..37a56402d 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ repos:
       - id: black
         args: ["--config", "python/cucim/pyproject.toml"]
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.1.3
+    rev: v0.6.1
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         types_or: [python, pyi]
-        args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix]
+        args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix, --config, "python/cucim/pyproject.toml"]
   - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
     rev: v2.2.6
     hooks:
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/_image_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/_image_bench.py
index abb2ffbbb..b04100154 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/_image_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/_image_bench.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import pandas as pd
 import scipy.ndimage
 import skimage.data
+
 from cucim.time import repeat
 
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ def product_dict(**kwargs):
         yield dict(zip(keys, instance))
 
 
-class ImageBench(object):
+class ImageBench:
     def __init__(
         self,
         function_name,
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/bench_convolve.py b/benchmarks/skimage/bench_convolve.py
index a43636931..f44714306 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/bench_convolve.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/bench_convolve.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 """
 import cupy as cp
 import cupyx.scipy.ndimage as ndi
+from cupyx.profiler import benchmark
+
 from cucim.skimage._vendored.ndimage import (  # noqa: F401
     convolve1d,
     correlate1d,
@@ -16,7 +18,6 @@
     uniform_filter,
     uniform_filter1d,
 )
-from cupyx.profiler import benchmark
 
 d = cp.cuda.Device()
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_color_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_color_bench.py
index 8f394daef..e4fe9fe95 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_color_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_color_bench.py
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.color
 import cupy
 import cupy as cp
 import cupyx.scipy.ndimage
@@ -14,6 +12,9 @@
 import skimage.color
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.color
+
 func_name_choices = [
     "convert_colorspace",
     "rgb2hed",
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ def main(args):
     try:
         import tabular  # noqa: F401
 
-        with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+        with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
             f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
     except ImportError:
         pass
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_exposure_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_exposure_bench.py
index 558a2282f..bb922d619 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_exposure_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_exposure_bench.py
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.exposure
 import cupy
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
@@ -12,6 +10,9 @@
 import skimage.exposure
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.exposure
+
 
 class ExposureBench(ImageBench):
     def set_args(self, dtype):
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ def main(args):
     fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
     all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
     all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-    with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+    with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
         f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
 
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_feature_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_feature_bench.py
index 4142d7965..9b1d67bca 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_feature_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_feature_bench.py
@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.feature
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import skimage
 import skimage.feature
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
-from cucim.skimage import exposure
 from skimage import data, draw
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.feature
+from cucim.skimage import exposure
+
 
 class BlobDetectionBench(ImageBench):
     def set_args(self, dtype):
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ def main(args):
     fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
     all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
     all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-    with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+    with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
         f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
 
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_filters_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_filters_bench.py
index 09a47e346..f78d60904 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_filters_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_filters_bench.py
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.filters
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import skimage
 import skimage.filters
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.filters
+
 
 def main(args):
     pfile = "cucim_filters_results.pickle"
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ def main(args):
     fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
     all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
     all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-    with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+    with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
         f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
 
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_measure_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_measure_bench.py
index e7e7b40df..7f8c09f17 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_measure_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_measure_bench.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.measure
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
@@ -13,6 +11,9 @@
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
 from cucim_metrics_bench import MetricsBench
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.measure
+
 
 class LabelBench(ImageBench):
     def __init__(
@@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ def main(args):
     fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
     all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
     all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-    with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+    with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
         f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
 
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_metrics_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_metrics_bench.py
index 585dd7be8..4dd8aae49 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_metrics_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_metrics_bench.py
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.metrics
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import skimage
 import skimage.metrics
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
+
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.metrics
 from cucim.skimage import data, measure
 
 
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ def main(args):
     fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
     all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
     all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-    with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+    with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
         f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
 
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_morphology_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_morphology_bench.py
index 68c5aeefc..8056ad507 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_morphology_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_morphology_bench.py
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.morphology
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
@@ -17,6 +15,9 @@
 import skimage.morphology
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.morphology
+
 
 class BinaryMorphologyBench(ImageBench):
     def __init__(
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ def main(args):
     try:
         import tabular  # noqa: F401
 
-        with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+        with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
             f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
     except ImportError:
         pass
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_registration_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_registration_bench.py
index be5b94594..e35eaebf1 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_registration_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_registration_bench.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.registration
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
@@ -12,6 +10,9 @@
 import skimage.registration
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.registration
+
 
 class RegistrationBench(ImageBench):
     def set_args(self, dtype):
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ def main(args):
     try:
         import tabular  # noqa: F401
 
-        with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+        with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
             f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
     except ImportError:
         pass
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_restoration_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_restoration_bench.py
index c876cae12..c87eb84f0 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_restoration_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_restoration_bench.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.restoration
 import cupy as cp
 import cupyx.scipy.ndimage as ndi
 import numpy as np
@@ -12,9 +10,12 @@
 import skimage
 import skimage.restoration
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
-from cucim.skimage.restoration import denoise_tv_chambolle as tv_gpu
 from skimage.restoration import denoise_tv_chambolle as tv_cpu
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.restoration
+from cucim.skimage.restoration import denoise_tv_chambolle as tv_gpu
+
 
 class DenoiseBench(ImageBench):
     def set_args(self, dtype):
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ def main(args):
     try:
         import tabular  # noqa: F401
 
-        with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+        with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
             f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
     except ImportError:
         pass
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_segmentation_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_segmentation_bench.py
index 77bbae630..012420173 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_segmentation_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_segmentation_bench.py
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import skimage
 import skimage.segmentation
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
+
+import cucim.skimage
 from cucim.skimage import data, measure
 
 
@@ -296,7 +297,7 @@ def main(args):
     try:
         import tabular  # noqa: F401
 
-        with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+        with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
             f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
     except ImportError:
         pass
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_transform_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_transform_bench.py
index 6cc007af9..23b7832f2 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_transform_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cucim_transform_bench.py
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 
-import cucim.skimage
-import cucim.skimage.transform
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import skimage
 import skimage.transform
 from _image_bench import ImageBench
 
+import cucim.skimage
+import cucim.skimage.transform
+
 
 def main(args):
     pfile = "cucim_transform_results.pickle"
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ def main(args):
     try:
         import tabular  # noqa: F401
 
-        with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+        with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
             f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
     except ImportError:
         pass
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_filter_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_filter_bench.py
index a820c699e..451040bf5 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_filter_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_filter_bench.py
@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@ def set_args(self, dtype):
 fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
 all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
 all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
     f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_fourier_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_fourier_bench.py
index 92a4795e0..c2e4160e7 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_fourier_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_fourier_bench.py
@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@ def set_args(self, dtype):
 fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
 all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
 all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
     f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_interp_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_interp_bench.py
index 63773732c..c6977cef4 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_interp_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_interp_bench.py
@@ -153,5 +153,5 @@ def set_args(self, dtype):
 fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
 all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
 all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
     f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_measurements_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_measurements_bench.py
index 61b3de5a4..e3975972b 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_measurements_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_measurements_bench.py
@@ -185,5 +185,5 @@ def set_args(self, dtype):
 fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
 all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
 all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
     f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
diff --git a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_morphology_bench.py b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_morphology_bench.py
index a177c99f9..a2e509a72 100644
--- a/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_morphology_bench.py
+++ b/benchmarks/skimage/cupyx_scipy_ndimage_morphology_bench.py
@@ -152,5 +152,5 @@ def set_args(self, dtype):
 fbase = os.path.splitext(pfile)[0]
 all_results.to_csv(fbase + ".csv")
 all_results.to_pickle(pfile)
-with open(fbase + ".md", "wt") as f:
+with open(fbase + ".md", "w") as f:
     f.write(all_results.to_markdown())
diff --git a/conda/environments/all_cuda-118_arch-x86_64.yaml b/conda/environments/all_cuda-118_arch-x86_64.yaml
index ae0fb8b46..12c523c2d 100644
--- a/conda/environments/all_cuda-118_arch-x86_64.yaml
+++ b/conda/environments/all_cuda-118_arch-x86_64.yaml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ dependencies:
 - pytest-lazy-fixtures>=1.0.0
 - pytest-xdist
 - pytest>=6.2.4,<8.0.0a0
-- python>=3.8,<3.12
+- python>=3.10,<3.12
 - pywavelets>=1.0
 - recommonmark
 - scikit-image>=0.19.0,<0.24.0a0
diff --git a/conda/environments/all_cuda-125_arch-x86_64.yaml b/conda/environments/all_cuda-125_arch-x86_64.yaml
index d647de8a2..a2039a8fd 100644
--- a/conda/environments/all_cuda-125_arch-x86_64.yaml
+++ b/conda/environments/all_cuda-125_arch-x86_64.yaml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ dependencies:
 - pytest-lazy-fixtures>=1.0.0
 - pytest-xdist
 - pytest>=6.2.4,<8.0.0a0
-- python>=3.8,<3.12
+- python>=3.10,<3.12
 - pywavelets>=1.0
 - recommonmark
 - scikit-image>=0.19.0,<0.24.0a0
diff --git a/cpp/plugins/cucim.kit.cuslide/src/cuslide/jpeg2k/gen_color_table.py b/cpp/plugins/cucim.kit.cuslide/src/cuslide/jpeg2k/gen_color_table.py
index 9d9de21f3..2b1d1b366 100644
--- a/cpp/plugins/cucim.kit.cuslide/src/cuslide/jpeg2k/gen_color_table.py
+++ b/cpp/plugins/cucim.kit.cuslide/src/cuslide/jpeg2k/gen_color_table.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def gen_b_cb():
     """
     b_cb = [0] * 256
     for i in range(256):
-        b_cb[i] = int((1.77204 * (i - 128)))
+        b_cb[i] = int(1.77204 * (i - 128))
     return b_cb
 
 
diff --git a/dependencies.yaml b/dependencies.yaml
index fca4b3e8a..0567f213e 100644
--- a/dependencies.yaml
+++ b/dependencies.yaml
@@ -232,14 +232,6 @@ dependencies:
     specific:
       - output_types: conda
         matrices:
-          - matrix:
-              py: "3.8"
-            packages:
-              - python=3.8
-          - matrix:
-              py: "3.9"
-            packages:
-              - python=3.9
           - matrix:
               py: "3.10"
             packages:
@@ -250,7 +242,7 @@ dependencies:
               - python=3.11
           - matrix:
             packages:
-              - python>=3.8,<3.12
+              - python>=3.10,<3.12
   rapids_build_setuptools:
     common:
       - output_types: [conda, requirements, pyproject]
diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index a7d832627..ee7ef06c8 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
 #
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@
 #
 import os
 import sys
+
 from packaging.version import Version
 
 import cucim
diff --git a/examples/python/distance_transform_edt_demo.py b/examples/python/distance_transform_edt_demo.py
index d9813b2f4..405cd0f23 100644
--- a/examples/python/distance_transform_edt_demo.py
+++ b/examples/python/distance_transform_edt_demo.py
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
     print("This demo requires the matplotlib and colorcet packages.")
     raise (e)
 
+from skimage import data
+
 from cucim.core.operations.morphology import distance_transform_edt
 from cucim.skimage.color import label2rgb
 from cucim.skimage.segmentation import relabel_sequential
-from skimage import data
 
 
 def coords_to_labels(coords):
diff --git a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_round_trip.py b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_round_trip.py
index 2335e73a0..21f4ec278 100644
--- a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_round_trip.py
+++ b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_round_trip.py
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 import os
 from time import time
 
-import cucim.skimage.filters
 import cupy as cp
 import kvikio
 import kvikio.defaults
 import numpy as np
-from cucim.core.operations.color import image_to_absorbance
 from cupyx.profiler import benchmark
 from demo_implementation import cupy_to_zarr, read_tiled
 
+import cucim.skimage.filters
+from cucim.core.operations.color import image_to_absorbance
+
 data_dir = os.environ.get("WHOLE_SLIDE_DATA_DIR", os.path.dirname("__file__"))
 fname = os.path.join(data_dir, "resize.tiff")
 if not os.path.exists(fname):
diff --git a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_zarr_write.py b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_zarr_write.py
index f1f4a021b..13376f410 100644
--- a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_zarr_write.py
+++ b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/benchmark_zarr_write.py
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 import cupy as cp
 import kvikio.defaults
 import numpy as np
-from cucim.core.operations.color import image_to_absorbance
 from cupyx.profiler import benchmark
 from demo_implementation import cupy_to_zarr, get_n_tiles, read_tiled
 from tifffile import TiffFile
 
+from cucim.core.operations.color import image_to_absorbance
+
 data_dir = os.environ.get("WHOLE_SLIDE_DATA_DIR", os.path.dirname("__file__"))
 fname = os.path.join(data_dir, "resize.tiff")
 if not os.path.exists(fname):
diff --git a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/demo_implementation.py b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/demo_implementation.py
index 89cb69342..7d02c8407 100644
--- a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/demo_implementation.py
+++ b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/demo_implementation.py
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@
 import numpy as np
 import openslide
 import tifffile
-from cucim.clara import filesystem
 from kvikio.cufile import IOFuture
 from kvikio.zarr import GDSStore
 from tifffile import TiffFile
 from zarr import DirectoryStore
 from zarr.creation import init_array
 
+from cucim.clara import filesystem
+
 """
 Developed with Dask 2022.05.2
 zarr >= 2.13.2
diff --git a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/lz4_nvcomp.py b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/lz4_nvcomp.py
index 19fc5f3d9..a02d6c962 100644
--- a/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/lz4_nvcomp.py
+++ b/examples/python/gds_whole_slide/lz4_nvcomp.py
@@ -66,9 +66,7 @@ def ensure_contiguous_ndarray(buf, max_buffer_size=None, flatten=True):
         raise ValueError("an array with contiguous memory is required")
 
     if max_buffer_size is not None and arr.nbytes > max_buffer_size:
-        msg = "Codec does not support buffers of > {} bytes".format(
-            max_buffer_size
-        )
+        msg = f"Codec does not support buffers of > {max_buffer_size} bytes"
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
     return arr
@@ -148,7 +146,7 @@ def decode(self, buf, out=None):
         return ndarray_copy(decompressed, out)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        r = "%s" % type(self).__name__
+        r = f"{type(self).__name__}"
         return r
 
 
diff --git a/examples/python/tiff_image/main.py b/examples/python/tiff_image/main.py
index 42adf36e0..c36149a9e 100644
--- a/examples/python/tiff_image/main.py
+++ b/examples/python/tiff_image/main.py
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 import json
 
 import numpy as np
-from cucim import CuImage
 from PIL import Image
 
+from cucim import CuImage
+
 img = CuImage("image.tif")
 
 print(img.is_loaded)  # True if image data is loaded & available.
diff --git a/experiments/Supporting_Aperio_SVS_Format/benchmark.py b/experiments/Supporting_Aperio_SVS_Format/benchmark.py
index db5deac70..24787ed6d 100644
--- a/experiments/Supporting_Aperio_SVS_Format/benchmark.py
+++ b/experiments/Supporting_Aperio_SVS_Format/benchmark.py
@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@
 from itertools import repeat
 from time import perf_counter
 
+from openslide import OpenSlide
+
 from cucim import CuImage
 from cucim.clara.filesystem import discard_page_cache  # noqa: F401
-from openslide import OpenSlide
 
 
 class Timer(ContextDecorator):
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ def __enter__(self):
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, exc_tb):
         if not self.end:
             self.elapsed_time()
-        print("{} : {}".format(self.message, self.end - self.start))
+        print(f"{self.message} : {self.end - self.start}")
 
 
 def load_tile_openslide(slide, start_loc, patch_size):
diff --git a/experiments/Using_Cache/benchmark.py b/experiments/Using_Cache/benchmark.py
index b1f69c5dc..c811b6f9a 100644
--- a/experiments/Using_Cache/benchmark.py
+++ b/experiments/Using_Cache/benchmark.py
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 import rasterio
-from cucim import CuImage
 from openslide import OpenSlide
 from rasterio.windows import Window
 
+from cucim import CuImage
+
 
 class Timer(ContextDecorator):
     def __init__(self, message):
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ def __enter__(self):
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, exc_tb):
         if not self.end:
             self.elapsed_time()
-        print("{} : {}".format(self.message, self.end - self.start))
+        print(f"{self.message} : {self.end - self.start}")
 
 
 def load_tile_openslide(slide, start_loc, patch_size):
diff --git a/python/cucim/pyproject.toml b/python/cucim/pyproject.toml
index dfedea36c..7bfbd5f35 100644
--- a/python/cucim/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/cucim/pyproject.toml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ authors = [
     { name = "NVIDIA Corporation" },
 ]
 license = { text = "Apache 2.0" }
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
     "click",
     "cupy-cuda11x>=12.0.0",
@@ -147,9 +147,6 @@ filterwarnings = [
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff]
-# see: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/
-select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "UP"]
-fixable = ["ALL"]
 exclude = [
     # TODO: Remove this in a follow-up where we fix __all__.
     ".tox",
@@ -159,17 +156,29 @@ exclude = [
     "dist",
     ".git",
     "__pycache__",
-    "doc/conf.py",
-    "doc/sphinxext",
+    "docs/source/conf.py",
+    "docs/source/ext",
     "__init__.py",
+    "python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored",
 ]
 line-length = 80
 fix = true
 
-[tool.ruff.per-file-ignores]
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+# see: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/
+select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "UP"]
+ignore = [
+    # (pycodestyle) Use `is` and `is not` for type comparisons, or `isinstance()` for isinstance checks
+    "E721",
+    # (pyupgrade) Use `X | Y` in `isinstance` call instead of `(X, Y)`
+    "UP038",
+]
+fixable = ["ALL"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
 # "src/cucim/skimage/util/tests/test_shape.py" = ["E201", "E202"]
 
-[tool.ruff.isort]
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 combine-as-imports = true
 force-single-line = false
 known-first-party = ["cucim"]
@@ -177,7 +186,7 @@ order-by-type = true
 
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 80
-target-version = ["py39"]
+target-version = ["py310"]
 include = '\.py?$'
 exclude = '''
 /(
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/jitter.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/jitter.py
index 67b70dfc2..313b24d99 100755
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/jitter.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/jitter.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import numbers
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 import cupy
 import numpy as np
@@ -51,17 +51,11 @@ def _check_input(
 
 
 def _get_params(
-    brightness: Optional[list[float]],
-    contrast: Optional[list[float]],
-    saturation: Optional[list[float]],
-    hue: Optional[list[float]],
-) -> tuple[
-    np.ndarray,
-    Optional[float],
-    Optional[float],
-    Optional[float],
-    Optional[float],
-]:
+    brightness: list[float] | None,
+    contrast: list[float] | None,
+    saturation: list[float] | None,
+    hue: list[float] | None,
+) -> tuple[np.ndarray, float | None, float | None, float | None, float | None,]:
     fn_idx = np.random.permutation(4)
 
     b = None
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/stain_normalizer.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/stain_normalizer.py
index 84638b4e0..08c0f9129 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/stain_normalizer.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/color/stain_normalizer.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import math
-from typing import Union
 
 import cupy as cp
 import numpy as np
@@ -446,12 +445,13 @@ def normalize_colors_pca(
     source_intensity: float = 240.0,
     alpha: float = 1.0,
     beta: float = 0.345,
-    ref_stain_coeff: Union[tuple, cp.ndarray] = (
+    ref_stain_coeff: tuple
+    | cp.ndarray = (
         (0.5626, 0.2159),
         (0.7201, 0.8012),
         (0.4062, 0.5581),
     ),
-    ref_max_conc: Union[tuple, cp.ndarray] = (1.9705, 1.0308),
+    ref_max_conc: tuple | cp.ndarray = (1.9705, 1.0308),
     image_type: str = "intensity",
     channel_axis: int = 0,
 ):
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/intensity/zoom.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/intensity/zoom.py
index 3312a0638..b875bc3b6 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/intensity/zoom.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/core/operations/intensity/zoom.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import math
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 import cupy
 import numpy as np
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ def get_block_size(output_size_cu, H, W):
 
 
 def get_zoom_factor(
-    min_zoom: Union[Sequence[float], float] = 0.9,
-    max_zoom: Union[Sequence[float], float] = 1.1,
+    min_zoom: Sequence[float] | float = 0.9,
+    max_zoom: Sequence[float] | float = 1.1,
 ):
     R = np.random.RandomState()
     try:
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ def get_zoom_factor(
 
 def rand_zoom(
     img: Any,
-    min_zoom: Union[Sequence[float], float] = 0.9,
-    max_zoom: Union[Sequence[float], float] = 1.1,
+    min_zoom: Sequence[float] | float = 0.9,
+    max_zoom: Sequence[float] | float = 1.1,
     prob: float = 0.1,
     whole_batch: bool = False,
 ):
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_shared/version_requirements.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_shared/version_requirements.py
index 17c7afcc5..e5bf41e36 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_shared/version_requirements.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_shared/version_requirements.py
@@ -79,9 +79,12 @@ def is_installed(name, version=None):
         symb = version[: match.start()]
         if not symb:
             symb = "="
-        assert symb in (">=", ">", "=", "<"), (
-            "Invalid version condition '%s'" % symb
-        )
+        assert symb in (
+            ">=",
+            ">",
+            "=",
+            "<",
+        ), f"Invalid version condition '{symb}'"
         version = version[match.start() :]
         return _check_version(actver, version, symb)
 
@@ -115,10 +118,9 @@ def func_wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
             if is_installed(name, version):
                 return obj(*args, **kwargs)
             else:
-                msg = '"%s" in "%s" requires "%s'
-                msg = msg % (obj, obj.__module__, name)
+                msg = f'"{obj}" in "{obj.__module__}" requires "{name}"'
                 if version is not None:
-                    msg += " %s" % version
+                    msg += f" {version}"
                 raise ImportError(msg + '"')
 
         return func_wrapped
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/pad.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/pad.py
index 249a2c1ed..a3d22a7a0 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/pad.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/pad.py
@@ -666,9 +666,7 @@ def pad(array, pad_width, mode="constant", **kwargs):
         raise ValueError(f"mode '{mode}' is not supported")
     if unsupported_kwargs:
         raise ValueError(
-            "unsupported keyword arguments for mode '{}': {}".format(
-                mode, unsupported_kwargs
-            )
+            f"unsupported keyword arguments for mode '{mode}': {unsupported_kwargs}"
         )
 
     if _use_elementwise_kernel(array, mode, kwargs):
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/time.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/time.py
index 5ec1156ce..e55027212 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/time.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/_vendored/time.py
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ def _to_str_per_item(device_name, t):
 
         s = f"    {device_name}:{t_us.mean():9.03f} us"
         if t.size > 1:
-            s += "   +/-{:6.03f} (min:{:9.03f} / max:{:9.03f}) us".format(
-                t_us.std(), t_us.min(), t_us.max()
-            )
+            s += f"   +/-{t_us.std():6.03f} (min:{t_us.min():9.03f} / max:{t_us.max():9.03f}) us"
         return s
 
     def to_str(self, show_gpu=False):
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/metrics/_structural_similarity.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/metrics/_structural_similarity.py
index 04ad88ab2..d89e28c70 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/metrics/_structural_similarity.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/metrics/_structural_similarity.py
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ def structural_similarity(
         if cp.issubdtype(im1.dtype, cp.integer) and (im1.dtype != cp.uint8):
             warn(
                 "Setting data_range based on im1.dtype. "
-                + ("data_range = %.0f. " % data_range)
+                + f"data_range = {data_range:.0f}. "
                 + "Please specify data_range explicitly to avoid mistakes.",
                 stacklevel=2,
             )
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/transform/_geometric.py b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/transform/_geometric.py
index 25347db26..47cc133b8 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/transform/_geometric.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/cucim/skimage/transform/_geometric.py
@@ -1936,7 +1936,7 @@ def estimate_transform(ttype, src, dst, *args, **kwargs):
     ttype = ttype.lower()
     if ttype not in TRANSFORMS:
         raise ValueError(
-            "the transformation type '%s' is not" "implemented" % ttype
+            f"the transformation type '{ttype}' is not" "implemented"
         )
 
     tform = TRANSFORMS[ttype](dimensionality=src.shape[1])
diff --git a/python/cucim/src/localtest.py b/python/cucim/src/localtest.py
index f5794dd43..c80949f7b 100644
--- a/python/cucim/src/localtest.py
+++ b/python/cucim/src/localtest.py
@@ -148,7 +148,5 @@ def load_tile_cucim(slide, start_loc, tile_size):
 print("Total time (OpenSlide):", openslide_tot_time)
 print("Total time (cuCIM):", cucim_tot_time)
 print(
-    "Average performance gain (OpenSlide/cuCIM): {}".format(
-        openslide_tot_time / cucim_tot_time
-    )
+    f"Average performance gain (OpenSlide/cuCIM): {openslide_tot_time / cucim_tot_time}"  # noqa: E501
 )