Enterprise.py

import numpy as np
import math
import torch
from torch.utils.data import TensorDataset
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from DatasetLoad import DatasetLoad
from DatasetLoad import AddGaussianNoise
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from torch import optim
import random
import copy
import time
from sys import getsizeof
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from hashlib import sha256
from Models import ConcatModel, CombinedModel, Generator
# FedAnil++: Consortium Blockchain
from Block import Block
# FedAnil++: Consortium Blockchain
from Consortium_Blockchain import Consortium_Blockchain
from torchvision import transforms
# FedAnil++: Affinity Propagation
from sklearn.cluster import AffinityPropagation
import sys
import warnings

import pyae
import tenseal as ts

import torch.nn as nn

warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
# FedAnil++: Cosine Similarity (Threshold 1 and 2) 
TRESHOLD1 = -0.7
TRESHOLD2 = 0.7

m_type = ["cnn", "glove", "resnet"]
flcnt = 0
lastprc = 0
class Enterprise:
	def __init__(self, idx, assigned_train_ds, assigned_test_dl, local_batch_size, learning_rate, loss_func, opti, network_stability, net, dev, miner_acception_wait_time, miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit, validator_threshold, pow_difficulty, even_link_speed_strength, base_data_transmission_speed, even_computation_power, is_malicious, noise_variance, check_signature, not_resync_chain, malicious_updates_discount, knock_out_rounds, lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds):
		self.idx = idx
		# deep learning variables
		self.train_ds = assigned_train_ds
		self.test_dl = assigned_test_dl
		self.local_batch_size = local_batch_size
		self.loss_func = loss_func
		self.network_stability = network_stability
		self.net = copy.deepcopy(net)
		if opti == "SGD":
			self.opti = optim.SGD(self.net.parameters(), lr=learning_rate, momentum=0.9)
		else:
			self.opti = optim.Adam(self.net.parameters(), lr=learning_rate, betas=(0.9, 0.9))
		self.dev = dev
		# in real system, new data can come in, so train_dl should get reassigned before training when that happens
		self.train_dl = DataLoader(self.train_ds, batch_size=self.local_batch_size, shuffle=True)
		self.local_train_parameters = None
		self.initial_net_parameters = None
		self.global_parameters = None
		# FedAnil++: Consortium_blockchain variables
		self.role = None
		self.pow_difficulty = pow_difficulty
		if even_link_speed_strength:
			self.link_speed = base_data_transmission_speed
		else:
			self.link_speed = random.random() * base_data_transmission_speed
		self.enterprises_dict = None
		self.aio = False
		''' simulating hardware equipment strength, such as good processors and RAM capacity. Following recorded times will be shrunk by this value of times
		# for local_enterprises, its update time
		# for miners, its PoW time
		# for validators, its validation time
		# might be able to simulate molopoly on computation power when there are block size limit, as faster enterprises' transactions will be accepted and verified first
		'''
		if even_computation_power:
			self.computation_power = 1
		else:
			self.computation_power = random.randint(0, 4)
		self.peer_list = set()
		# used in cross_verification and in the PoS
		self.online = True
		self.rewards = 0
		# FedAnil++: Consortium Blockchain
		self.consortium_blockchain = Consortium_Blockchain()
		# init key pair
		self.modulus = None
		self.private_key = None
		self.public_key = None
		self.generate_rsa_key()
		# black_list stores enterprise index rather than the object
		self.black_list = set()
		self.knock_out_rounds = knock_out_rounds
		self.lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds = lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds
		self.local_enterprise_accuracy_accross_records = {}
		self.has_added_block = False
		self.the_added_block = None
		self.is_malicious = is_malicious
		#if self.is_malicious:
		#	print(f"Malicious Node created {self.idx}")
		self.noise_variance = noise_variance
		self.check_signature = check_signature
		self.not_resync_chain = not_resync_chain
		self.malicious_updates_discount = malicious_updates_discount
		# used to identify slow or lazy local_enterprises
		self.active_local_enterprise_record_by_round = {}
		self.untrustworthy_local_enterprises_record_by_comm_round = {}
		self.untrustworthy_validators_record_by_comm_round = {}
		# for picking PoS legitimate blockd;bs
		# self.stake_tracker = {} # used some tricks in main.py for ease of programming
		# used to determine the slowest enterprise round end time to compare PoW with PoS round end time. If simulate under computation_power = 0, this may end up equaling infinity
		self.round_end_time = 0
		self.AE = None
		self.coded_data_after_ac = None
		''' For local_enterprises '''
		self.local_updates_rewards_per_transaction = 0
		self.received_block_from_miner = None
		self.accuracy_this_round = float('-inf')
		self.local_enterprise_associated_validator = None
		self.local_enterprise_associated_miner = None
		self.local_update_time = None
		self.local_total_epoch = 0
		# FedAnil++: Training Models via Models Random Selection by Each Enterprise.
		self.model_type = random.sample(m_type, random.randint(1, 3))
		''' For validators '''
		self.validator_associated_local_enterprise_set = set()
		self.validation_rewards_this_round = 0
		self.accuracies_this_round = {}
		self.validator_associated_miner = None
		# when validator directly accepts local_enterprises' updates
		self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions = {}
		self.validator_accepted_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions = None or []
		self.final_transactions_queue_to_validate = {}
		self.post_validation_transactions_queue = None or []
		self.validator_threshold = validator_threshold
		self.validator_local_accuracy = None
		''' For miners '''
		self.miner_associated_local_enterprise_set = set()
		self.miner_associated_validator_set = set()
		# dict cannot be added to set()
		self.unconfirmmed_transactions = None or []
		self.broadcasted_transactions = None or []
		self.mined_block = None
		self.received_propagated_block = None
		self.received_propagated_validator_block = None
		self.miner_acception_wait_time = miner_acception_wait_time
		self.miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit = miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit
		# when miner directly accepts validators' updates
		self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions = {}
		self.miner_accepted_broadcasted_validator_transactions = None or []
		self.final_candidate_transactions_queue_to_mine = {}
		self.block_generation_time_point = None
		self.unordered_propagated_block_processing_queue = {} # pure simulation queue and does not exist in real distributed system
		''' For malicious node '''
		self.variance_of_noises = None or []
		self.size_of_encoded_data = 0
		

	''' Common Methods '''

	''' setters '''

	def set_enterprises_dict_and_aio(self, enterprises_dict, aio):
		self.enterprises_dict = enterprises_dict
		self.aio = aio
	
	def generate_rsa_key(self):
		keyPair = RSA.generate(bits=1024)
		self.modulus = keyPair.n
		self.private_key = keyPair.d
		self.public_key = keyPair.e
	
	def init_global_parameters(self):
		self.initial_net_parameters = self.net.state_dict()
		self.global_parameters = self.net.state_dict()

	def return_global_parametesrs(self):
		return self.global_parameters
		
	def assign_role(self):
		# equal probability
		role_choice = random.randint(0, 2)
		if role_choice == 0:
			self.role = "local_enterprise"
		elif role_choice == 1:
			self.role = "miner"
		else:
			self.role = "validator"

	# used for hard_assign
	def assign_miner_role(self):
		self.role = "miner"

	def assign_local_enterprise_role(self):
		self.role = "local_enterprise"

	def assign_validator_role(self):
		self.role = "validator" 

	''' getters '''

	def return_idx(self):
		return self.idx
	
	def return_rsa_pub_key(self):
		return {"modulus": self.modulus, "pub_key": self.public_key}

	def return_peers(self):
		return self.peer_list

	def return_role(self):
		return self.role

	def is_online(self):
		return self.online

	def return_is_malicious(self):
		return self.is_malicious

	def return_black_list(self):
		return self.black_list
    # FedAnil++: Consortium Blockchain
	def return_consortium_blockchain_object(self):
		return self.consortium_blockchain

	def return_stake(self):
		return self.rewards

	def return_computation_power(self):
		return self.computation_power

	def return_the_added_block(self):
		return self.the_added_block

	def return_round_end_time(self):
		return self.round_end_time

	''' functions '''
	
	def sign_msg(self, msg):
		hash = int.from_bytes(sha256(str(msg).encode('utf-8')).digest(), byteorder='big')
		# pow() is python built-in modular exponentiation function
		signature = pow(hash, self.private_key, self.modulus)
		return signature

	def add_peers(self, new_peers):
		if isinstance(new_peers, Enterprise):
			self.peer_list.add(new_peers)
		else:
			self.peer_list.update(new_peers)

	def remove_peers(self, peers_to_remove):
		if isinstance(peers_to_remove, Enterprise):
			self.peer_list.discard(peers_to_remove)
		else:
			self.peer_list.difference_update(peers_to_remove)

	def return_model_type(self, index):
		return m_type[0]

	def online_switcher(self):
		old_status = self.online
		online_indicator = random.random()
		if online_indicator < self.network_stability:
			self.online = True
			# if back online, update peer and resync chain
			if old_status == False:
				print(f"{self.idx} goes back online.")
				# update peer list
				self.update_peer_list()
				# resync chain
				if self.pow_resync_chain():
					self.update_model_after_chain_resync()
		else:
			self.online = False
			print(f"{self.idx} goes offline.")
		return self.online

	def update_peer_list(self):
		print(f"\n{self.idx} - {self.role} is updating peer list...")
		old_peer_list = copy.copy(self.peer_list)
		online_peers = set()
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				online_peers.add(peer)
		# for online peers, suck in their peer list
		for online_peer in online_peers:
			self.add_peers(online_peer.return_peers())
		# remove itself from the peer_list if there is
		self.remove_peers(self)
		# remove malicious peers
		removed_peers = []
		potential_malicious_peer_set = set()
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.return_idx() in self.black_list:
				potential_malicious_peer_set.add(peer)
		self.remove_peers(potential_malicious_peer_set)
		removed_peers.extend(potential_malicious_peer_set)
		# print updated peer result
		if old_peer_list == self.peer_list:
			print("Peer list NOT changed.")
		else:
			print("Peer list has been changed.")
			added_peers = self.peer_list.difference(old_peer_list)
			if potential_malicious_peer_set:
				print("These malicious peers are removed")
				for peer in removed_peers:
					print(f"e_{peer.return_idx().split('_')[-1]} - {peer.return_role()[0]}", end=', ')
				print()
			if added_peers:
				print("These peers are added")
				for peer in added_peers:
					print(f"e_{peer.return_idx().split('_')[-1]} - {peer.return_role()[0]}", end=', ')
				print()
			print("Final peer list:")
			for peer in self.peer_list:
				print(f"e_{peer.return_idx().split('_')[-1]} - {peer.return_role()[0]}", end=', ')
			print()
		# WILL ALWAYS RETURN TRUE AS OFFLINE PEERS WON'T BE REMOVED ANY MORE, UNLESS ALL PEERS ARE Malicious Enterprises...but then it should not register with any other peer. Original purpose - if peer_list ends up empty, randomly register with another enterprise
		return False if not self.peer_list else True

	def check_pow_proof(self, block_to_check):
		# remove its block hash(compute_hash() by default) to verify pow_proof as block hash was set after pow
		pow_proof = block_to_check.return_pow_proof()
		# print("pow_proof", pow_proof)
		# print("compute_hash", block_to_check.compute_hash())
		return pow_proof.startswith('0' * self.pow_difficulty) and pow_proof == block_to_check.compute_hash()

	def check_chain_validity(self, chain_to_check):
		chain_len = chain_to_check.return_chain_length()
		if chain_len == 0 or chain_len == 1:
			pass
		else:
			chain_to_check = chain_to_check.return_chain_structure()
			for block in chain_to_check[1:]:
				if self.check_pow_proof(block) and block.return_previous_block_hash() == chain_to_check[chain_to_check.index(block) - 1].compute_hash(hash_entire_block=True):
					pass
				else:
					return False
		return True

	def accumulate_chain_stake(self, chain_to_accumulate):
		accumulated_stake = 0
		chain_to_accumulate = chain_to_accumulate.return_chain_structure()
		for block in chain_to_accumulate:
			accumulated_stake += self.enterprises_dict[block.return_mined_by()].return_stake()
		return accumulated_stake

	def resync_chain(self, mining_consensus):
		if self.not_resync_chain:
			return # temporary workaround to save GPU memory
		if mining_consensus == 'PoW':
			self.pow_resync_chain()
		else:
			self.pos_resync_chain()

	def pos_resync_chain(self):
		print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} is looking for a chain with the highest accumulated miner's stake in the network...")
		highest_stake_chain = None
		updated_from_peer = None
		# FedAnil++: Consortium Blockchain
		curr_chain_stake = self.accumulate_chain_stake(self.return_consortium_blockchain_object())
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				peer_chain = peer.return_consortium_blockchain_object()
				peer_chain_stake = self.accumulate_chain_stake(peer_chain)
				if peer_chain_stake > curr_chain_stake:
					if self.check_chain_validity(peer_chain):
						print(f"A chain from {peer.return_idx()} with total stake {peer_chain_stake} has been found (> currently compared chain stake {curr_chain_stake}) and verified.")
						# Higher stake valid chain found!
						curr_chain_stake = peer_chain_stake
						highest_stake_chain = peer_chain
						updated_from_peer = peer.return_idx()
					else:
						print(f"A chain from {peer.return_idx()} with higher stake has been found BUT NOT verified. Skipped this chain for syncing.")
		if highest_stake_chain:
			# compare chain difference
			highest_stake_chain_structure = highest_stake_chain.return_chain_structure()
			# need more efficient machenism which is to reverse updates by # of blocks
			self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().replace_chain(highest_stake_chain_structure)
			print(f"{self.idx} chain resynced from peer {updated_from_peer}.")
			#return block_iter
			return True 
		print("Chain not resynced.")
		return False

	def pow_resync_chain(self):
		print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} is looking for a longer chain in the network...")
		longest_chain = None
		updated_from_peer = None
		curr_chain_len = self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().return_chain_length()
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				peer_chain = peer.return_consortium_blockchain_object()
				if peer_chain.return_chain_length() > curr_chain_len:
					if self.check_chain_validity(peer_chain):
						print(f"A longer chain from {peer.return_idx()} with chain length {peer_chain.return_chain_length()} has been found (> currently compared chain length {curr_chain_len}) and verified.")
						# Longer valid chain found!
						curr_chain_len = peer_chain.return_chain_length()
						longest_chain = peer_chain
						updated_from_peer = peer.return_idx()
					else:
						print(f"A longer chain from {peer.return_idx()} has been found BUT NOT verified. Skipped this chain for syncing.")
		if longest_chain:
			# compare chain difference
			longest_chain_structure = longest_chain.return_chain_structure()
			# need more efficient machenism which is to reverse updates by # of blocks
			self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().replace_chain(longest_chain_structure)
			print(f"{self.idx} chain resynced from peer {updated_from_peer}.")
			#return block_iter
			return True 
		print("Chain not resynced.")
		return False
	
	
	def load_data_by_index(self, index):
		centers = [[1, 1], [-1, -1], [1, -1]]
		X, labels_true = make_blobs(
			n_samples=300, centers=centers, cluster_std=0.5, random_state=0
		)
		return X, labels_true

	def receive_rewards(self, rewards):
		self.rewards += rewards
	
	def verify_miner_transaction_by_signature(self, transaction_to_verify, miner_enterprise_idx):
		if miner_enterprise_idx in self.black_list:
			print(f"{miner_enterprise_idx} is in miner's blacklist. Trasaction won't get verified.")
			return False
		if self.check_signature:
			transaction_before_signed = copy.deepcopy(transaction_to_verify)
			del transaction_before_signed["miner_signature"]
			modulus = transaction_to_verify['miner_rsa_pub_key']["modulus"]
			pub_key = transaction_to_verify['miner_rsa_pub_key']["pub_key"]
			signature = transaction_to_verify["miner_signature"]
			# verify
			hash = int.from_bytes(sha256(str(sorted(transaction_before_signed.items())).encode('utf-8')).digest(), byteorder='big')
			hashFromSignature = pow(signature, pub_key, modulus)
			if hash == hashFromSignature:
				print(f"A transaction recorded by miner {miner_enterprise_idx} in the block is verified!")
				return True
			else:
				print(f"Signature invalid. Transaction recorded by {miner_enterprise_idx} is NOT verified.")
				return False
		else:
			print(f"A transaction recorded by miner {miner_enterprise_idx} in the block is verified!")
			return True
		
	def verify_block(self, block_to_verify, sending_miner):
		if not self.online_switcher():
			print(f"{self.idx} goes offline when verifying a block")
			return False, False
		verification_time = time.time()
		mined_by = block_to_verify.return_mined_by()
		if sending_miner in self.black_list:
			print(f"The miner propagating/sending this block {sending_miner} is in {self.idx}'s black list. Block will not be verified.")
			return False, False
		if mined_by in self.black_list:
			print(f"The miner {mined_by} mined this block is in {self.idx}'s black list. Block will not be verified.")
			return False, False
		# check if the proof is valid(verify _block_hash).
		if not self.check_pow_proof(block_to_verify):
			print(f"PoW proof of the block from miner {self.idx} is not verified.")
			return False, False
		# # check if miner's signature is valid
		if self.check_signature:
			signature_dict = block_to_verify.return_miner_rsa_pub_key()
			modulus = signature_dict["modulus"]
			pub_key = signature_dict["pub_key"]
			signature = block_to_verify.return_signature()
			# verify signature
			block_to_verify_before_sign = copy.deepcopy(block_to_verify)
			block_to_verify_before_sign.remove_signature_for_verification()
			hash = int.from_bytes(sha256(str(block_to_verify_before_sign.__dict__).encode('utf-8')).digest(), byteorder='big')
			hashFromSignature = pow(signature, pub_key, modulus)
			if hash != hashFromSignature:
				print(f"Signature of the block sent by miner {sending_miner} mined by miner {mined_by} is not verified by {self.role} {self.idx}.")
				return False, False
			# check previous hash based on own chain
			last_block = self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().return_last_block()
			if last_block is not None:
				# check if the previous_hash referred in the block and the hash of latest block in the chain match.
				last_block_hash = last_block.compute_hash(hash_entire_block=True)
				if block_to_verify.return_previous_block_hash() != last_block_hash:
					print(f"Block sent by miner {sending_miner} mined by miner {mined_by} has the previous hash recorded as {block_to_verify.return_previous_block_hash()}, but the last block's hash in chain is {last_block_hash}. This is possibly due to a forking event from last round. Block not verified and won't be added. Enterprise needs to resync chain next round.")
					return False, False
		# All verifications done.
		print(f"Block accepted from miner {sending_miner} mined by {mined_by} has been verified by {self.idx}!")
		verification_time = (time.time() - verification_time)/self.computation_power
		return block_to_verify, verification_time
	
	# FedAnil++: get global model from blockchain
	def fetch_global_model(self, blockchain):
		try:
			last_block_in_blockchain = blockchain.return_last_block()
			transaction = last_block_in_blockchain["transaction"]
			self.local_model = transaction["gradients"]
		except:
			pass

	# FedAnil++: upload local model in compressed format
	def upload_local_model(self, compress_parameters):
		new_transaction = {}
		new_transaction["gradients"] = compress_parameters
		new_block = Block(idx=-1, transactions=new_transaction, miner_rsa_pub_key=0)
		self.consortium_blockchain.new_local_block(new_block, self.coded_data_after_ac)
	
	# FedAnil++: fetch list ofcl all local models 
	def fetch_local_models(self):
		self.coded_data_after_ac = self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().return_last_cdata()
		return self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().return_local_chain()


	# FedAnil++: add consortium blockchain blockchain
	def add_block(self, block_to_add):
		self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().append_block(block_to_add)
		print(f"e_{self.idx.split('_')[-1]} - {self.role[0]} has appened a block to its chain. Chain length now - {self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().return_chain_length()}")
		# TODO delete has_added_block
		# self.has_added_block = True
		self.the_added_block = block_to_add
		return True

	# also accumulate rewards here
	def process_block(self, block_to_process, log_files_folder_path, conn, conn_cursor, when_resync=False):
		# collect usable updated params, malicious enterprises identification, get rewards and do local udpates
		processing_time = time.time()
		if not self.online_switcher():
			print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} goes offline when processing the added block. Model not updated and rewards information not upgraded. Outdated information may be obtained by this node if it never resyncs to a different chain.") # may need to set up a flag indicating if a block has been processed
		if block_to_process:
			mined_by = block_to_process.return_mined_by()
			if mined_by in self.black_list:
				# in this system black list is also consistent across enterprises as it is calculated based on the information on chain, but individual enterprise can decide its own validation/verification mechanisms and has its own 
				print(f"The added block is mined by miner {block_to_process.return_mined_by()}, which is in this enterprise's black list. Block will not be processed.")
			else:
				# process validator sig valid transactions
				# used to count positive and negative transactions local_enterprise by local_enterprise, select the transaction to do global update and identify potential malicious local_enterprise
				self_rewards_accumulator = 0
				valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise = {}
				valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transacitons_in_block = block_to_process.return_transactions()['valid_validator_sig_transacitons']
				comm_round = block_to_process.return_block_idx()
				self.active_local_enterprise_record_by_round[comm_round] = set()
				for valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton in valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transacitons_in_block:
					# verify miner's signature(miner does not get reward for receiving and aggregating)
					if self.verify_miner_transaction_by_signature(valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton, mined_by):
						local_enterprise_enterprise_idx = valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['local_enterprise_enterprise_idx']
						self.active_local_enterprise_record_by_round[comm_round].add(local_enterprise_enterprise_idx)
						if not local_enterprise_enterprise_idx in valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise.keys():
							valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx] = {}
							valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['positive_epochs'] = set()
							valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['negative_epochs'] = set()
							valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['all_valid_epochs'] = set()
							valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['finally_used_params'] = None
						# epoch of this local_enterprise's local update
						local_epoch_seq = valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['local_total_accumulated_epochs_this_round']
						positive_direction_validators = valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['positive_direction_validators']
						negative_direction_validators = valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['negative_direction_validators']
						#all_direction_validators = valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['all_valid_epochs']
						# FedAnil++: validation enterprise local update by all validators
						#if len(positive_direction_validators) >= len(negative_direction_validators):
						if len(negative_direction_validators) == 0:
							# local_enterprise transaction can be used
							valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['positive_epochs'].add(local_epoch_seq)
							valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['all_valid_epochs'].add(local_epoch_seq)
							# see if this is the latest epoch from this local_enterprise
							if local_epoch_seq == max(valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['all_valid_epochs']):
								valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['finally_used_params'] = valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['local_updates_params']
							# give rewards to this local_enterprise
							if self.idx == local_enterprise_enterprise_idx:
								self_rewards_accumulator += valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['local_updates_rewards']
						else:
							if self.malicious_updates_discount:
								# local_enterprise transaction voted negative and has to be applied for a discount
								valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['negative_epochs'].add(local_epoch_seq)
								valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['all_valid_epochs'].add(local_epoch_seq)
								# see if this is the latest epoch from this local_enterprise
								if local_epoch_seq == max(valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['all_valid_epochs']):
									# apply discount
									discounted_valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton_local_updates_params = copy.deepcopy(valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['local_updates_params'])
									for var in discounted_valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton_local_updates_params:
										discounted_valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton_local_updates_params[var] *= self.malicious_updates_discount
									valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['finally_used_params'] = discounted_valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton_local_updates_params
								# local_enterprise receive discounted rewards for negative update
								if self.idx == local_enterprise_enterprise_idx:
									self_rewards_accumulator += valid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['local_updates_rewards'] * self.malicious_updates_discount
							else:
								# discount specified as 0, local_enterprise transaction voted negative and cannot be used
								valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise[local_enterprise_enterprise_idx]['negative_epochs'].add(local_epoch_seq)
								# local_enterprise does not receive rewards for negative update
						# give rewards to validators and the miner in this transaction
						for validator_record in positive_direction_validators + negative_direction_validators:
							if self.idx == validator_record['validator']:
								self_rewards_accumulator += validator_record['validation_rewards']
							if self.idx == validator_record['miner_enterprise_idx']:
								self_rewards_accumulator += validator_record['miner_rewards_for_this_tx']
					else:
						print(f"one validator transaction miner sig found invalid in this block. {self.idx} will drop this block and roll back rewards information")
						return
				
				# identify potentially malicious local_enterprise
				self.untrustworthy_local_enterprises_record_by_comm_round[comm_round] = set()
				for local_enterprise_idx, local_updates_direction_records in valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise.items():
					if len(local_updates_direction_records['negative_epochs']) >  len(local_updates_direction_records['positive_epochs']):
						self.untrustworthy_local_enterprises_record_by_comm_round[comm_round].add(local_enterprise_idx)
						kick_out_accumulator = 1
						# check previous rounds
						for comm_round_to_check in range(comm_round - self.knock_out_rounds + 1, comm_round):
							if comm_round_to_check in self.untrustworthy_local_enterprises_record_by_comm_round.keys():
								if local_enterprise_idx in self.untrustworthy_local_enterprises_record_by_comm_round[comm_round_to_check]:
									kick_out_accumulator += 1
						if kick_out_accumulator == self.knock_out_rounds:
							# kick out
							self.black_list.add(local_enterprise_idx)
							# is it right?
							if when_resync:
								msg_end = " when resyncing!\n"
							else:
								msg_end = "!\n"
							if self.enterprises_dict[local_enterprise_idx].return_is_malicious():
								msg = f"{self.idx} has successfully identified a malicious local_enterprise enterprise {local_enterprise_idx} in comm_round {comm_round}{msg_end}"
								with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/correctly_kicked_local_enterprises.txt", 'a') as file:
									file.write(msg)
								conn_cursor.execute("INSERT INTO malicious_local_enterprises_log VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", (local_enterprise_idx, 1, self.idx, "", comm_round, when_resync))
								conn.commit()
							else:
								msg = f"WARNING: {self.idx} has mistakenly regard {local_enterprise_idx} as a malicious local_enterprise enterprise in comm_round {comm_round}{msg_end}"
								with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/mistakenly_kicked_local_enterprises.txt", 'a') as file:
									file.write(msg)
								conn_cursor.execute("INSERT INTO malicious_local_enterprises_log VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", (local_enterprise_idx, 0, "", self.idx, comm_round, when_resync))
								conn.commit()
							print(msg)
						   
							# cont = print("Press ENTER to continue")
				
				# identify potentially compromised validator
				self.untrustworthy_validators_record_by_comm_round[comm_round] = set()
				invalid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transacitons_in_block = block_to_process.return_transactions()['invalid_validator_sig_transacitons']
				for invalid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton in invalid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transacitons_in_block:
					if self.verify_miner_transaction_by_signature(invalid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton, mined_by):
						validator_enterprise_idx = invalid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['validator']
						self.untrustworthy_validators_record_by_comm_round[comm_round].add(validator_enterprise_idx)
						kick_out_accumulator = 1
						# check previous rounds
						for comm_round_to_check in range(comm_round - self.knock_out_rounds + 1, comm_round):
							if comm_round_to_check in self.untrustworthy_validators_record_by_comm_round.keys():
								if validator_enterprise_idx in self.untrustworthy_validators_record_by_comm_round[comm_round_to_check]:
									kick_out_accumulator += 1
						if kick_out_accumulator == self.knock_out_rounds:
							# kick out
							self.black_list.add(validator_enterprise_idx)
							print(f"{validator_enterprise_idx} has been regarded as a compromised validator by {self.idx} in {comm_round}.")
							# actually, we did not let validator do malicious thing if is_malicious=1 is set to this enterprise. In the submission of 2020/10, we only focus on catching malicious local_enterprise
							# is it right?
							# if when_resync:
							#	 msg_end = " when resyncing!\n"
							# else:
							#	 msg_end = "!\n"
							# if self.enterprises_dict[validator_enterprise_idx].return_is_malicious():
							#	 msg = f"{self.idx} has successfully identified a compromised validator enterprise {validator_enterprise_idx} in comm_round {comm_round}{msg_end}"
							#	 with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/correctly_kicked_validators.txt", 'a') as file:
							#		 file.write(msg)
							# else:
							#	 msg = f"WARNING: {self.idx} has mistakenly regard {validator_enterprise_idx} as a compromised validator enterprise in comm_round {comm_round}{msg_end}"
							#	 with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/mistakenly_kicked_validators.txt", 'a') as file:
							#		 file.write(msg)
							# print(msg)
							# cont = print("Press ENTER to continue")
					else:
						print(f"one validator transaction miner sig found invalid in this block. {self.idx} will drop this block and roll back rewards information")
						return
					# give rewards to the miner in this transaction
					if self.idx == invalid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['miner_enterprise_idx']:
						self_rewards_accumulator += invalid_validator_sig_local_enterprise_transaciton['miner_rewards_for_this_tx']
				# miner gets mining rewards
				if self.idx == mined_by:
					self_rewards_accumulator += block_to_process.return_mining_rewards()
				# set received rewards this round based on info from this block
				self.receive_rewards(self_rewards_accumulator)
				print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} has received total {self_rewards_accumulator} rewards for this comm round.")
				# collect usable local_enterprise updates and do global updates
				finally_used_local_params = []
				for local_enterprise_enterprise_idx, local_params_record in valid_transactions_records_by_local_enterprise.items():
					if local_params_record['finally_used_params']:
						# could be None
						finally_used_local_params.append((local_enterprise_enterprise_idx, local_params_record['finally_used_params']))
				if self.online_switcher():
					self.global_update(finally_used_local_params)
				else:
					print(f"Unfortunately, {self.role} {self.idx} goes offline when it's doing global_updates.")
		processing_time = (time.time() - processing_time)/self.computation_power
		return processing_time

	def add_to_round_end_time(self, time_to_add):
		self.round_end_time += time_to_add
	

	def other_tasks_at_the_end_of_comm_round(self, this_comm_round, log_files_folder_path):
		self.kick_out_slow_or_lazy_local_enterprises(this_comm_round, log_files_folder_path)

	def kick_out_slow_or_lazy_local_enterprises(self, this_comm_round, log_files_folder_path):
		for enterprise in self.peer_list:
			if enterprise.return_role() == 'local_enterprise':
				if this_comm_round in self.active_local_enterprise_record_by_round.keys():
					if not enterprise.return_idx() in self.active_local_enterprise_record_by_round[this_comm_round]:
						not_active_accumulator = 1
						# check if not active for the past (lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds - 1) rounds
						for comm_round_to_check in range(this_comm_round - self.lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds + 1, this_comm_round):
							if comm_round_to_check in self.active_local_enterprise_record_by_round.keys():
								if not enterprise.return_idx() in self.active_local_enterprise_record_by_round[comm_round_to_check]:
									not_active_accumulator += 1
						if not_active_accumulator == self.lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds:
							# kick out
							self.black_list.add(enterprise.return_idx())
							msg = f"local_enterprise {enterprise.return_idx()} has been regarded as a lazy local_enterprise by {self.idx} in comm_round {this_comm_round}.\n"
							with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/kicked_lazy_local_enterprises.txt", 'a') as file:
								file.write(msg)
				else:
					# this may happen when a enterprise is put into black list by every local_enterprise in a certain comm round
					pass

	def update_model_after_chain_resync(self, log_files_folder_path, conn, conn_cursor):
		# reset global params to the initial weights of the net
		self.global_parameters = copy.deepcopy(self.initial_net_parameters)
		# in future version, develop efficient updating algorithm based on chain difference
		for block in self.return_consortium_blockchain_object().return_chain_structure():
			self.process_block(block, log_files_folder_path, conn, conn_cursor, when_resync=True)

	def return_pow_difficulty(self):
		return self.pow_difficulty

	def register_in_the_network(self, check_online=False):
		if self.aio:
			self.add_peers(set(self.enterprises_dict.values()))
		else:
			potential_registrars = set(self.enterprises_dict.values())
			# it cannot register with itself
			potential_registrars.discard(self)		
			# pick a registrar
			registrar = random.sample(potential_registrars, 1)[0]
			if check_online:
				if not registrar.is_online():
					online_registrars = set()
					for registrar in potential_registrars:
						if registrar.is_online():
							online_registrars.add(registrar)
					if not online_registrars:
						return False
					registrar = random.sample(online_registrars, 1)[0]
			# registrant add registrar to its peer list
			self.add_peers(registrar)
			# this enterprise sucks in registrar's peer list
			self.add_peers(registrar.return_peers())
			# registrar adds registrant(must in this order, or registrant will add itself from registrar's peer list)
			registrar.add_peers(self)
			return True
			
	''' Local Enterprise '''	
	def malicious_local_enterprise_add_noise_to_weights(self, m):
		with torch.no_grad():
			if hasattr(m, 'weight'):
				noise = self.noise_variance * torch.randn(m.weight.size())
				variance_of_noise = torch.var(noise)
				m.weight.add_(noise.to(self.dev))
				self.variance_of_noises.append(float(variance_of_noise))

	def malicious_local_enterprise_add_noise_to_datas(self, m):
		# done in DatasetLoad.py
		pass

	# TODO change to computation power
	# FedAnil++: Local Update
	def local_enterprise_local_update(self, rewards, log_files_folder_path_comm_round, comm_round, local_epochs=1):
		print(f"Local Enterprise {self.idx} is doing local_update with computation power {self.computation_power} and link speed {round(self.link_speed,3)} bytes/s")
		self.net.load_state_dict(self.global_parameters, strict=True)
		# Total Computation Cost (Second)
		self.local_update_time = time.time()
		# local local_enterprise update by specified epochs
		# usually, if validator acception time is specified, local_epochs should be 1
		# logging maliciousness
		is_malicious_node = "M" if self.return_is_malicious() else "B"
		self.local_updates_rewards_per_transaction = 0
		# FedAnil++: Training the models that were selected.
		for mt in self.model_type:
			model_type_name = self.return_model_type(mt)
			for epoch in range(local_epochs):
				for data, label in self.train_dl:
					data, label = data.to(self.dev), label.to(self.dev)
					preds = self.net(data, model_type_name)
					loss = self.loss_func(preds, label)
					loss.backward()
					self.opti.step()
					self.opti.zero_grad()
					self.local_updates_rewards_per_transaction += rewards * (label.shape[0])
				# record accuracies to find good -vh
				with open(f"{log_files_folder_path_comm_round}/local_enterprise_{self.idx}_{is_malicious_node}_local_updating_accuracies_comm_{comm_round}.txt", "a") as file:
					file.write(f"{self.return_idx()} epoch_{epoch+1} {self.return_role()} {is_malicious_node}: {self.validate_model_weights(self.net.state_dict())}\n")
				self.local_total_epoch += 1
		# FedAnil++: Sparsification
		self.net.first_filter(self.global_parameters)
		# FedAnil++: K-Medoids based Quantization
		self.net.kmedoids_update()
		# FedAnil++: Arithmetic Entropy Encoding
		self.arithmetic_entropy_coding()
		# FedAnil++: Homomorphic Encryption
		self.homomorphic_encryption()
		# local update done
		# Total Computation Cost (Second)
		try:
			self.local_update_time = (time.time() - self.local_update_time)/self.computation_power
		except:
			self.local_update_time = float('inf')
		#if self.is_malicious:
			#self.net.apply(self.malicious_local_enterprise_add_noise_to_weights)
			#print(f"malicious local_enterprise {self.idx} has added noise to its local updated weights before transmitting")
			#with open(f"{log_files_folder_path_comm_round}/comm_{comm_round}_variance_of_noises.txt", "a") as file:
				#file.write(f"{self.return_idx()} {self.return_role()} {is_malicious_node} noise variances: {self.variance_of_noises}\n")
		# 

		# record accuracies to find good -vh
		with open(f"{log_files_folder_path_comm_round}/local_enterprise_final_local_accuracies_comm_{comm_round}.txt", "a") as file:
			file.write(f"{self.return_idx()} {self.return_role()} {is_malicious_node}: {self.validate_model_weights(self.net.state_dict())}\n")
		print(f"Done {local_epochs} epoch(s) and total {self.local_total_epoch} epochs")
		self.local_train_parameters = self.net.state_dict()
		self.upload_local_model(self.net.state_dict())
		return self.local_update_time

	# used to simulate time waste when local_enterprise goes offline during transmission to validator
	def waste_one_epoch_local_update_time(self, opti):
		if self.computation_power == 0:
			return float('inf'), None
		else:
			validation_net = copy.deepcopy(self.net)
			currently_used_lr = 0.01
			for param_group in self.opti.param_groups:
				currently_used_lr = param_group['lr']
			# by default use SGD. Did not implement others
			if opti == 'SGD':
				validation_opti = optim.SGD(validation_net.parameters(), lr=currently_used_lr, momentum=0.9)
			else:
				validation_opti = optim.Adam(validation_net.parameters(), lr=currently_used_lr, betas=(0.9, 0.9))
			local_update_time = time.time()
			for data, label in self.train_dl:
				data, label = data.to(self.dev), label.to(self.dev)
				preds = validation_net(data)
				loss = self.loss_func(preds, label)
				loss.backward()
				validation_opti.step()
				validation_opti.zero_grad()
			return (time.time() - local_update_time)/self.computation_power, validation_net.state_dict()

	def set_accuracy_this_round(self, accuracy):
		self.accuracy_this_round = accuracy

	def return_accuracy_this_round(self):
		return self.accuracy_this_round

	def return_link_speed(self):
		return self.link_speed

	def return_local_updates_and_signature(self, comm_round):
		# local_total_accumulated_epochs_this_round also stands for the lastest_epoch_seq for this transaction(local params are calculated after this amount of local epochs in this round)
		# last_local_iteration(s)_spent_time may be recorded to determine calculating time? But what if nodes do not wish to disclose its computation power
		local_updates_dict = {'local_enterprise_enterprise_idx': self.idx, 'in_round_number': comm_round, "local_updates_params": copy.deepcopy(self.local_train_parameters), "local_updates_rewards": self.local_updates_rewards_per_transaction, "local_iteration(s)_spent_time": self.local_update_time, "local_total_accumulated_epochs_this_round": self.local_total_epoch, "local_enterprise_rsa_pub_key": self.return_rsa_pub_key()}
		local_updates_dict["local_enterprise_signature"] = self.sign_msg(sorted(local_updates_dict.items()))
		return local_updates_dict

	def local_enterprise_reset_vars_for_new_round(self):
		self.received_block_from_miner = None
		self.accuracy_this_round = float('-inf')
		self.local_updates_rewards_per_transaction = 0
		self.has_added_block = False
		self.the_added_block = None
		self.local_enterprise_associated_validator = None
		self.local_enterprise_associated_miner = None
		self.local_update_time = None
		self.local_total_epoch = 0
		self.variance_of_noises.clear()
		self.round_end_time = 0

	def receive_block_from_miner(self, received_block, source_miner):
		if not (received_block.return_mined_by() in self.black_list or source_miner in self.black_list):
			self.received_block_from_miner = copy.deepcopy(received_block)
			print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} has received a new block from {source_miner} mined by {received_block.return_mined_by()}.")
		else:
			print(f"Either the block sending miner {source_miner} or the miner {received_block.return_mined_by()} mined this block is in local_enterprise {self.idx}'s black list. Block is not accepted.")
			

	def toss_received_block(self):
		self.received_block_from_miner = None

	def reset_last(self):
		global lastprc
		lastprc = 0

	def return_received_block_from_miner(self):
		return self.received_block_from_miner
	# FedAnil++: Total Accuracy (%)
	def validate_model_weights(self, weights_to_eval=None):
		with torch.no_grad():
			if weights_to_eval:
				self.net.load_state_dict(weights_to_eval, strict=True)
			else:
				self.net.load_state_dict(self.global_parameters, strict=True)
			sum_accu = 0
			num = 0
			for data, label in self.test_dl:
				data, label = data.to(self.dev), label.to(self.dev)
				preds = self.net(data)
				preds = torch.argmax(preds, dim=1)
				sum_accu += (preds == label).float().mean()
				num += 1
				
			return sum_accu / num

    # FedAnil++: Global Update
	def global_update(self, local_update_params_potentially_to_be_used): #global update
		# FedAnil++: get local updates from consortium blockchain
		self.get_local_params_by_local_enterprises = self.fetch_local_models()
		self.global_time = time.time()
		# FedAnil++: Arithmetic Entropy Decoding
		self.arithmetic_entropy_decoding()
		# FedAnil++: Calculating of Cosine Similarity: Object Handler
		cosine_similarity_operator = torch.nn.CosineSimilarity(dim=0)
		# filter local_params
		global lastprc, flcnt
		local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises = []
		for (local_enterprise_enterprise_idx, local_params) in local_update_params_potentially_to_be_used:
			if not local_enterprise_enterprise_idx in self.black_list:
				local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises.append(local_params)
			else:
				print(f"global update skipped for a local_enterprise {local_enterprise_enterprise_idx} in {self.idx}'s black list")
		if local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises:
			nums_of_local_params = len(local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises)
			nums_of_local_param_len = len(local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises[0])
			similarity_matrix = np.zeros((nums_of_local_params, nums_of_local_param_len))
			i = 0
			sum_parameters = None
			for local_updates_params in local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises:
				j = 0
				for var in local_updates_params:
					# FedAnil++: Calculating of Cosine Similarity: Distance of Local Models and Global Model in Prior Round
					similarity = cosine_similarity_operator(local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises[i][var].view(-1), self.global_parameters[var].view(-1))
					if similarity > TRESHOLD1 and similarity < TRESHOLD2:
						#sum_parameters[var] += local_updates_params[var]
						similarity_matrix[i, j] = similarity
					j += 1
				i += 1
			# FedAnil++: Affinity Propagation 
			try:
				affinity_propagation = AffinityPropagation().fit(similarity_matrix)
				cluster_centers = affinity_propagation.cluster_centers_
				labels = affinity_propagation.labels_
				cluster_nums = np.zeros((len(cluster_centers), 1))
				sum_of_params_by_ap = np.zeros((len(cluster_centers), nums_of_local_param_len))
				for it in range(nums_of_local_params):
					cluster_index = labels[it]
					for var in local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises[it]:
						sum_of_params_by_ap[cluster_index][var] += local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises[it][var]
					cluster_nums[cluster_index] += 1 
			except:
				pass
			# FedAnil++: FedAvg the gradients
			num_participants = len(local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises)
			sum_parameters = None
			for mt in m_type:
				for local_updates_params in local_params_by_benign_local_enterprises:
					if sum_parameters is None:
						sum_parameters = copy.deepcopy(local_updates_params)
					else:
						for var in sum_parameters:
							if var.startswith(mt):
								sum_parameters[var] += local_updates_params[var]
			for var in self.global_parameters:
				self.global_parameters[var] = (sum_parameters[var] / num_participants)
			print(f"global updates done by {self.idx}")
		else:
			print(f"There are no available local params for {self.idx} to perform global updates in this comm round.")
		if 1 > lastprc:
			lastprc = lastprc + 1


			# FedAnil++: GAN
			print("Genrative Adversial Network process start")
			for mt in ['cnn', 'resnet', 'glove']:
				#print(f"GAN ({mt})")
				self.GAN(mt)
			#print("GAN end")
		self.global_time = time.time() - self.global_time

	def GAN(self, model_type):
		#print("GAN start")
		select_model = model_type
		discriminator = CombinedModel()
		discriminator.load_state_dict(self.global_parameters)
		generator = Generator()

		batch_size = self.local_batch_size
		lr = 0.001
		num_epochs = 5
		loss_function = nn.MSELoss()
		train_loader = self.train_dl

		optimizer_discriminator = torch.optim.Adam(discriminator.parameters(), lr=lr)
		optimizer_generator     = torch.optim.Adam(generator.parameters(), lr=lr)

		for epoch in range(num_epochs):
			for n, (real_samples, _) in enumerate(train_loader):
				# Data for training the discriminator
				real_samples_labels = torch.ones((batch_size, 1))
				latent_space_samples = torch.randn((batch_size, 2))
				generated_samples = generator(latent_space_samples)
				generated_samples_labels = torch.zeros((batch_size, 1))
				all_samples = torch.cat((real_samples, generated_samples))
				all_samples_labels = torch.cat((real_samples_labels, generated_samples_labels))
				#print(f"all sample {all_samples.shape} = {real_samples.size()} + {generated_samples.size()}")
				#print(f"all sample labels = {all_samples_labels.size()} = {real_samples_labels.size()} + {generated_samples_labels.size()}")
				# Training the discriminator
				discriminator.zero_grad()
				output_discriminator = discriminator(all_samples)
				if output_discriminator.shape[0] == all_samples_labels.shape[0]:
					#print(f"###> all_label= ({all_samples_labels.shape}) - output= ({output_discriminator.shape}) - all_view= ({all_samples_labels.view(1, -1).shape})")
					loss_discriminator = loss_function(output_discriminator, all_samples_labels)
					loss_discriminator.backward()
					optimizer_discriminator.step()

				# Data for training the generator
				latent_space_samples = torch.randn((batch_size, 2))

				# Training the generator
				generator.zero_grad()
				generated_samples = generator(latent_space_samples)
				output_discriminator_generated = discriminator(generated_samples)
				if output_discriminator_generated.shape[0] == real_samples_labels.shape[0]:
					loss_generator = loss_function(output_discriminator_generated, real_samples_labels)
					loss_generator.backward()
					optimizer_generator.step()
		return None
		
	''' miner '''

	def request_to_download(self, block_to_download, requesting_time_point):
		print(f"miner {self.idx} is requesting its associated enterprises to download the block it just added to its chain")
		enterprises_in_association = self.miner_associated_validator_set.union(self.miner_associated_local_enterprise_set)
		for enterprise in enterprises_in_association:
			# theoratically, one enterprise is associated to a specific miner, so we don't have a miner_block_arrival_queue here
			if self.online_switcher() and enterprise.online_switcher():
				miner_link_speed = self.return_link_speed()
				enterprise_link_speed = enterprise.return_link_speed()
				lower_link_speed = enterprise_link_speed if enterprise_link_speed < miner_link_speed else miner_link_speed
				transmission_delay = getsizeof(str(block_to_download.__dict__))/lower_link_speed
				verified_block, verification_time = enterprise.verify_block(block_to_download, block_to_download.return_mined_by())
				if verified_block:
					# forgot to check for maliciousness of the block miner
					enterprise.add_block(verified_block)
				enterprise.add_to_round_end_time(requesting_time_point + transmission_delay + verification_time)
			else:
				print(f"Unfortunately, either miner {self.idx} or {enterprise.return_idx()} goes offline while processing this request-to-download block.")

	def propagated_the_block(self, propagating_time_point, block_to_propagate):
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				if peer.return_role() == "miner":
					if not peer.return_idx() in self.black_list:
						print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} is propagating its mined block to {peer.return_role()} {peer.return_idx()}.")
						if peer.online_switcher():
							peer.accept_the_propagated_block(self, self.block_generation_time_point, block_to_propagate)
					else:
						print(f"Destination miner {peer.return_idx()} is in {self.role} {self.idx}'s black_list. Propagating skipped for this dest miner.")
   
	def accept_the_propagated_block(self, source_miner, source_miner_propagating_time_point, propagated_block):
		if not source_miner.return_idx() in self.black_list:
			source_miner_link_speed = source_miner.return_link_speed()
			this_miner_link_speed = self.link_speed
			lower_link_speed = this_miner_link_speed if this_miner_link_speed < source_miner_link_speed else source_miner_link_speed
			transmission_delay = getsizeof(str(propagated_block.__dict__))/lower_link_speed
			self.unordered_propagated_block_processing_queue[source_miner_propagating_time_point + transmission_delay] = propagated_block
			print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} has accepted accepted a propagated block from miner {source_miner.return_idx()}")
		else:
			print(f"Source miner {source_miner.return_role()} {source_miner.return_idx()} is in {self.role} {self.idx}'s black list. Propagated block not accepted.")

	def add_propagated_block_to_processing_queue(self, arrival_time, propagated_block):
		self.unordered_propagated_block_processing_queue[arrival_time] = propagated_block
	
	def return_unordered_propagated_block_processing_queue(self):
		return self.unordered_propagated_block_processing_queue
	
	def return_associated_validators(self):
		return self.miner_associated_validator_set

	def return_miner_acception_wait_time(self):
		return self.miner_acception_wait_time

	def return_miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit(self):
		return self.miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit

	def return_miners_eligible_to_continue(self):
		miners_set = set()
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.return_role() == 'miner':
				miners_set.add(peer)
		miners_set.add(self)
		return miners_set

	def return_accepted_broadcasted_transactions(self):
		return self.broadcasted_transactions

	def verify_validator_transaction(self, transaction_to_verify):
		if self.computation_power == 0:
			print(f"miner {self.idx} has computation power 0 and will not be able to verify this transaction in time")
			return False, None
		else:
			transaction_validator_idx = transaction_to_verify['validation_done_by']
			if transaction_validator_idx in self.black_list:
				print(f"{transaction_validator_idx} is in miner's blacklist. Trasaction won't get verified.")
				return False, None
			verification_time = time.time()
			if self.check_signature:
				transaction_before_signed = copy.deepcopy(transaction_to_verify)
				del transaction_before_signed["validator_signature"]
				modulus = transaction_to_verify['validator_rsa_pub_key']["modulus"]
				pub_key = transaction_to_verify['validator_rsa_pub_key']["pub_key"]
				signature = transaction_to_verify["validator_signature"]
				# begin verification
				hash = int.from_bytes(sha256(str(sorted(transaction_before_signed.items())).encode('utf-8')).digest(), byteorder='big')
				hashFromSignature = pow(signature, pub_key, modulus)
				if hash == hashFromSignature:
					print(f"Signature of transaction from validator {transaction_validator_idx} is verified by {self.role} {self.idx}!")
					verification_time = (time.time() - verification_time)/self.computation_power
					return verification_time, True
				else:
					print(f"Signature invalid. Transaction from validator {transaction_validator_idx} is NOT verified.")
					return (time.time() - verification_time)/self.computation_power, False
			else:
				print(f"Signature of transaction from validator {transaction_validator_idx} is verified by {self.role} {self.idx}!")
				verification_time = (time.time() - verification_time)/self.computation_power
				return verification_time, True

	def sign_candidate_transaction(self, candidate_transaction):
		signing_time = time.time()
		candidate_transaction['miner_rsa_pub_key'] = self.return_rsa_pub_key()
		if 'miner_signature' in candidate_transaction.keys():
			del candidate_transaction['miner_signature']
		candidate_transaction["miner_signature"] = self.sign_msg(sorted(candidate_transaction.items()))
		signing_time = (time.time() - signing_time)/self.computation_power
		return signing_time

	def mine_block(self, candidate_block, rewards, starting_nonce=0):
		candidate_block.set_mined_by(self.idx)
		pow_mined_block = self.proof_of_work(candidate_block)
		# pow_mined_block.set_mined_by(self.idx)
		pow_mined_block.set_mining_rewards(rewards)
		return pow_mined_block
	
	def proof_of_work(self, candidate_block, starting_nonce=0):
		candidate_block.set_mined_by(self.idx)
		''' Brute Force the nonce '''
		candidate_block.set_nonce(starting_nonce)
		current_hash = candidate_block.compute_hash()
		# candidate_block.set_pow_difficulty(self.pow_difficulty)
		while not current_hash.startswith('0' * self.pow_difficulty):
			candidate_block.nonce_increment()
			current_hash = candidate_block.compute_hash()
		# return the qualified hash as a PoW proof, to be verified by other enterprises before adding the block
		# also set its hash as well. block_hash is the same as pow proof
		candidate_block.set_pow_proof(current_hash)
		return candidate_block

	def set_block_generation_time_point(self, block_generation_time_point):
		self.block_generation_time_point = block_generation_time_point
	
	def return_block_generation_time_point(self):
		return self.block_generation_time_point

	def receive_propagated_block(self, received_propagated_block):
		if not received_propagated_block.return_mined_by() in self.black_list:
			self.received_propagated_block = copy.deepcopy(received_propagated_block)
			print(f"Miner {self.idx} has received a propagated block from {received_propagated_block.return_mined_by()}.")
		else:
			print(f"Propagated block miner {received_propagated_block.return_mined_by()} is in miner {self.idx}'s blacklist. Block not accepted.")

	def receive_propagated_validator_block(self, received_propagated_validator_block):
		if not received_propagated_validator_block.return_mined_by() in self.black_list:
			self.received_propagated_validator_block = copy.deepcopy(received_propagated_validator_block)
			print(f"Miner {self.idx} has received a propagated validator block from {received_propagated_validator_block.return_mined_by()}.")
		else:
			print(f"Propagated validator block miner {received_propagated_validator_block.return_mined_by()} is in miner {self.idx}'s blacklist. Block not accepted.")
	
	def return_propagated_block(self):
		return self.received_propagated_block

	def return_propagated_validator_block(self):
		return self.received_propagated_validator_block
		
	def toss_propagated_block(self):
		self.received_propagated_block = None
		
	def toss_ropagated_validator_block(self):
		self.received_propagated_validator_block = None

	def miner_reset_vars_for_new_round(self):
		self.miner_associated_local_enterprise_set.clear()
		self.miner_associated_validator_set.clear()
		self.unconfirmmed_transactions.clear()
		self.broadcasted_transactions.clear()
		# self.unconfirmmed_validator_transactions.clear()
		# self.validator_accepted_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions.clear()
		self.mined_block = None
		self.received_propagated_block = None
		self.received_propagated_validator_block = None
		self.has_added_block = False
		self.the_added_block = None
		self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions.clear()
		self.miner_accepted_broadcasted_validator_transactions.clear()
		self.block_generation_time_point = None
#		self.block_to_add = None
		self.unordered_propagated_block_processing_queue.clear()
		self.round_end_time = 0
	
	def set_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions(self, unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions):
		self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions = unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions
	
	def return_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions(self):
		return self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions

	def miner_broadcast_validator_transactions(self):
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				if peer.return_role() == "miner":
					if not peer.return_idx() in self.black_list:
						print(f"miner {self.idx} is broadcasting received validator transactions to miner {peer.return_idx()}.")
						final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions_for_dest_miner = copy.copy(self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions)
						# offline situation similar in validator_broadcast_local_enterprise_transactions()
						for arrival_time, tx in self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions.items():
							if not (self.online_switcher() and peer.online_switcher()):
								del final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions_for_dest_miner[arrival_time]
						peer.accept_miner_broadcasted_validator_transactions(self, final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions_for_dest_miner)
						print(f"miner {self.idx} has broadcasted {len(final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_validator_transactions_for_dest_miner)} validator transactions to miner {peer.return_idx()}.")
					else:
						print(f"Destination miner {peer.return_idx()} is in miner {self.idx}'s black_list. broadcasting skipped for this dest miner.")

	def accept_miner_broadcasted_validator_transactions(self, source_enterprise, unordered_transaction_arrival_queue_from_source_miner):
		# discard malicious node
		if not source_enterprise.return_idx() in self.black_list:
			self.miner_accepted_broadcasted_validator_transactions.append({'source_enterprise_link_speed': source_enterprise.return_link_speed(),'broadcasted_transactions': copy.deepcopy(unordered_transaction_arrival_queue_from_source_miner)})
			print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} has accepted validator transactions from {source_enterprise.return_role()} {source_enterprise.return_idx()}")
		else:
			print(f"Source miner {source_enterprise.return_role()} {source_enterprise.return_idx()} is in {self.role} {self.idx}'s black list. Broadcasted transactions not accepted.")
	
	def return_accepted_broadcasted_validator_transactions(self):
		return self.miner_accepted_broadcasted_validator_transactions

	def set_candidate_transactions_for_final_mining_queue(self, final_transactions_arrival_queue):
		self.final_candidate_transactions_queue_to_mine = final_transactions_arrival_queue

	def return_final_candidate_transactions_mining_queue(self):
		return self.final_candidate_transactions_queue_to_mine

	''' validator '''
	def validator_reset_vars_for_new_round(self):
		self.validation_rewards_this_round = 0
		# self.accuracies_this_round = {}
		self.has_added_block = False
		self.the_added_block = None
		self.validator_associated_miner = None
		self.validator_local_accuracy = None
		self.validator_associated_local_enterprise_set.clear()
		#self.post_validation_transactions.clear()
		#self.broadcasted_post_validation_transactions.clear()
		self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions.clear()
		self.final_transactions_queue_to_validate.clear()
		self.validator_accepted_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions.clear()
		self.post_validation_transactions_queue.clear()
		self.round_end_time = 0

	def add_post_validation_transaction_to_queue(self, transaction_to_add):
		self.post_validation_transactions_queue.append(transaction_to_add)
	
	def return_post_validation_transactions_queue(self):
		return self.post_validation_transactions_queue

	def return_online_local_enterprises(self):
		online_local_enterprises_in_peer_list = set()
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				if peer.return_role() == "local_enterprise":
					online_local_enterprises_in_peer_list.add(peer)
		return online_local_enterprises_in_peer_list


	def return_validations_and_signature(self, comm_round):
		validation_transaction_dict = {'validator_enterprise_idx': self.idx, 'round_number': comm_round, 'accuracies_this_round': copy.deepcopy(self.accuracies_this_round), 'validation_effort_rewards': self.validation_rewards_this_round, "rsa_pub_key": self.return_rsa_pub_key()}
		validation_transaction_dict["signature"] = self.sign_msg(sorted(validation_transaction_dict.items()))
		return validation_transaction_dict

	def add_local_enterprise_to_association(self, local_enterprise_enterprise):
		if not local_enterprise_enterprise.return_idx() in self.black_list:
			self.associated_local_enterprise_set.add(local_enterprise_enterprise)
		else:
			print(f"WARNING: {local_enterprise_enterprise.return_idx()} in validator {self.idx}'s black list. Not added by the validator.")

	def associate_with_miner(self):
		miners_in_peer_list = set()
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.return_role() == "miner":
				if not peer.return_idx() in self.black_list:
					miners_in_peer_list.add(peer)
		if not miners_in_peer_list:
			return False
		self.validator_associated_miner = random.sample(miners_in_peer_list, 1)[0]
		return self.validator_associated_miner


	''' miner and validator '''
	def add_enterprise_to_association(self, to_add_enterprise):
		if not to_add_enterprise.return_idx() in self.black_list:
			vars(self)[f'{self.role}_associated_{to_add_enterprise.return_role()}_set'].add(to_add_enterprise)
		else:
			print(f"WARNING: {to_add_enterprise.return_idx()} in {self.role} {self.idx}'s black list. Not added by the {self.role}.")

	def return_associated_local_enterprises(self):
		return vars(self)[f'{self.role}_associated_local_enterprise_set']

	def sign_block(self, block_to_sign):
		block_to_sign.set_signature(self.sign_msg(block_to_sign.__dict__))

	def add_unconfirmmed_transaction(self, unconfirmmed_transaction, souce_enterprise_idx):
		if not souce_enterprise_idx in self.black_list:
			self.unconfirmmed_transactions.append(copy.deepcopy(unconfirmmed_transaction))
			print(f"{souce_enterprise_idx}'s transaction has been recorded by {self.role} {self.idx}")
		else:
			print(f"Source enterprise {souce_enterprise_idx} is in the black list of {self.role} {self.idx}. Transaction has not been recorded.")

	def return_unconfirmmed_transactions(self):
		return self.unconfirmmed_transactions

	def broadcast_transactions(self):
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				if peer.return_role() == self.role:
					if not peer.return_idx() in self.black_list:
						print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} is broadcasting transactions to {peer.return_role()} {peer.return_idx()}.")
						peer.accept_broadcasted_transactions(self, self.unconfirmmed_transactions)
					else:
						print(f"Destination {peer.return_role()} {peer.return_idx()} is in {self.role} {self.idx}'s black_list. broadcasting skipped.")

	def accept_broadcasted_transactions(self, source_enterprise, broadcasted_transactions):
		# discard malicious node
		if not source_enterprise.return_idx() in self.black_list:
			self.broadcasted_transactions.append(copy.deepcopy(broadcasted_transactions))
			print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} has accepted transactions from {source_enterprise.return_role()} {source_enterprise.return_idx()}")
		else:
			print(f"Source {source_enterprise.return_role()} {source_enterprise.return_idx()} is in {self.role} {self.idx}'s black list. Transaction not accepted.")

	''' local_enterprise and validator '''

	def set_mined_block(self, mined_block):
		self.mined_block = mined_block

	def return_mined_block(self):
		return self.mined_block

	def associate_with_enterprise(self, to_associate_enterprise_role):
		to_associate_enterprise = vars(self)[f'{self.role}_associated_{to_associate_enterprise_role}']
		shuffled_peer_list = list(self.peer_list)
		random.shuffle(shuffled_peer_list)
		for peer in shuffled_peer_list:
			# select the first found eligible enterprise from a shuffled order
			if peer.return_role() == to_associate_enterprise_role and peer.is_online():
				if not peer.return_idx() in self.black_list:
					to_associate_enterprise = peer
		if not to_associate_enterprise:
			# there is no enterprise matching the required associated role in this enterprise's peer list
			return False
		print(f"{self.role} {self.idx} associated with {to_associate_enterprise.return_role()} {to_associate_enterprise.return_idx()}")
		return to_associate_enterprise
	# FedAnil++: Arithmetic Encoding: EnCoding
	def arithmetic_entropy_coding(self):
		clusters_and_labels_from_kmedoids = self.net.kmedoids_update()
		coded_data = {}
		byte_size = 0
		for var in clusters_and_labels_from_kmedoids:
			data_to_encode = clusters_and_labels_from_kmedoids[var].labels_
			unique_labels_, counts_ = np.unique(data_to_encode, return_counts=True)
			count_of_any_elements = dict(zip(unique_labels_, counts_))
			AE = pyae.ArithmeticEncoding(count_of_any_elements, save_stages=False)
			encoded_msg, encoder , interval_min_value, interval_max_value = AE.encode(msg=data_to_encode, probability_table=AE.probability_table)

			one_var_dict = {}
			one_var_dict["labels"] = encoded_msg
			one_var_dict["lobj"] = AE

			data_centers = clusters_and_labels_from_kmedoids[var].cluster_centers_
			data_to_encode = [item for sublist in data_centers for item in sublist]
			unique_labels_, counts_ = np.unique(data_to_encode, return_counts=True)
			count_of_any_elements = dict(zip(unique_labels_, counts_))
			AE = pyae.ArithmeticEncoding(count_of_any_elements, save_stages=False)
			encoded_msg, encoder , interval_min_value, interval_max_value = AE.encode(msg=data_to_encode, probability_table=AE.probability_table)
			one_var_dict["clusters"] = encoded_msg
			one_var_dict["cobj"] = AE
			coded_data[var] = one_var_dict
			# Total Communication Cost (Byte): (initial gradients using the cluster head index + cluster head and their index)
			try:
				byte_size += math.ceil((len(one_var_dict["clusters"]) + len(one_var_dict["labels"]))/ 8) + getsizeof(clusters_and_labels_from_kmedoids[var].cluster_centers_)
			except:
				byte_size += 0
		self.size_of_encoded_data = byte_size
		self.coded_data_after_ac = coded_data
		return coded_data
	# FedAnil++: Arithmetic Encoding: DeCoding
	def arithmetic_entropy_decoding(self, coded_data=None):
		data_encoded = self.coded_data_after_ac
		data_decoded = None
		try:
			for var in data_encoded:
				data_item = data_encoded[var]
				data_to_encode = data_item["labels"]
				unique_labels_, counts_ = np.unique(data_to_encode, return_counts=True)
				count_of_any_elements = dict(zip(unique_labels_, counts_))
				AE = data_item["lobj"]
				data_decoded, decoder = AE.decode(encoded_msg=coded_data, msg_length=6, probability_table=self.AE.probability_table)
		except:
			pass
		return data_decoded
	# FedAnil++: Homomorphic encryption 
	def homomorphic_encryption(self):
		context = ts.context(ts.SCHEME_TYPE.CKKS, poly_modulus_degree=8192, coeff_mod_bit_sizes=[60, 40, 40, 60])
		context.generate_galois_keys()
		context.global_scale = 2**40
		plain_data = self.coded_data_after_ac
		encrypted_data = {}
		try:
			for var in plain_data:
				encrypted_vars = {}
				labels_data = var["labels"]
				encrypted_vars["labels"] = ts.ckks_vector(context, labels_data)
				clusters_data = var["clusters"]
				encrypted_vars["clusters"] = ts.ckks_vector(context, clusters_data)
				encrypted_data[var] = encrypted_vars
		except:
			print("")
			print("")
			print(plain_data)
			print("")
		return encrypted_data

	''' validator '''

	def set_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions(self, unordered_transaction_arrival_queue):
		self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions = unordered_transaction_arrival_queue

	def return_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions(self):
		return self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions

	def validator_broadcast_local_enterprise_transactions(self):
		for peer in self.peer_list:
			if peer.is_online():
				if peer.return_role() == "validator":
					if not peer.return_idx() in self.black_list:
						print(f"validator {self.idx} is broadcasting received validator transactions to validator {peer.return_idx()}.")
						final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions_for_dest_validator = copy.copy(self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions)
						# if offline, it's like the broadcasted transaction was not received, so skip a transaction
						for arrival_time, tx in self.unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions.items():
							if not (self.online_switcher() and peer.online_switcher()):
								del final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions_for_dest_validator[arrival_time]
						# in the real distributed system, it should be broadcasting transaction one by one. Here we send the all received transactions(while online) and later calculate the order for the individual broadcasting transaction's arrival time mixed with the transactions itself received
						peer.accept_validator_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions(self, final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions_for_dest_validator)
						print(f"validator {self.idx} has broadcasted {len(final_broadcasting_unordered_arrival_time_accepted_local_enterprise_transactions_for_dest_validator)} local_enterprise transactions to validator {peer.return_idx()}.")
					else:
						print(f"Destination validator {peer.return_idx()} is in this validator {self.idx}'s black_list. broadcasting skipped for this dest validator.")

	def accept_validator_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions(self, source_validator, unordered_transaction_arrival_queue_from_source_validator):
		if not source_validator.return_idx() in self.black_list:
			self.validator_accepted_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions.append({'source_validator_link_speed': source_validator.return_link_speed(),'broadcasted_transactions': copy.deepcopy(unordered_transaction_arrival_queue_from_source_validator)})
			print(f"validator {self.idx} has accepted local_enterprise transactions from validator {source_validator.return_idx()}")
		else:
			print(f"Source validator {source_validator.return_idx()} is in validator {self.idx}'s black list. Broadcasted transactions not accepted.")

	def return_accepted_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions(self):
		return self.validator_accepted_broadcasted_local_enterprise_transactions

	def set_transaction_for_final_validating_queue(self, final_transactions_arrival_queue):
		self.final_transactions_queue_to_validate = final_transactions_arrival_queue

	def return_final_transactions_validating_queue(self):
		return self.final_transactions_queue_to_validate

	def validator_update_model_by_one_epoch_and_validate_local_accuracy(self, opti):
		# return time spent
		print(f"validator {self.idx} is performing one epoch of local update and validation")
		if self.computation_power == 0:
			print(f"validator {self.idx} has computation power 0 and will not be able to complete this validation")
			return float('inf')
		else:
			updated_net = copy.deepcopy(self.net)
			currently_used_lr = 0.01
			for param_group in self.opti.param_groups:
				currently_used_lr = param_group['lr']
			# by default use SGD. Did not implement others
			if opti == 'SGD':
				validation_opti = optim.SGD(updated_net.parameters(), lr=currently_used_lr, momentum=0.9)
			else:
				validation_opti = optim.Adam(updated_net.parameters(), lr=currently_used_lr, betas=(0.9, 0.9))
			local_validation_time = time.time()
			for data, label in self.train_dl:
				data, label = data.to(self.dev), label.to(self.dev)
				preds = updated_net(data)
				loss = self.loss_func(preds, label)
				loss.backward()
				validation_opti.step()
				validation_opti.zero_grad()
			# validate by local test set
			with torch.no_grad():
				sum_accu = 0
				num = 0
				for data, label in self.test_dl:
					data, label = data.to(self.dev), label.to(self.dev)
					preds = updated_net(data)
					preds = torch.argmax(preds, dim=1)
					sum_accu += (preds == label).float().mean()
					num += 1
			self.validator_local_accuracy = sum_accu / num
			print(f"validator {self.idx} locally updated model has accuracy {self.validator_local_accuracy} on its local test set")
			return (time.time() - local_validation_time)/self.computation_power

	# TODO validator_threshold
	def validate_local_enterprise_transaction(self, transaction_to_validate, rewards, log_files_folder_path, comm_round, malicious_validator_on):
		log_files_folder_path_comm_round = f"{log_files_folder_path}/comm_{comm_round}"
		if self.computation_power == 0:
			print(f"validator {self.idx} has computation power 0 and will not be able to validate this transaction in time")
			return False, False
		else:
			local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx = transaction_to_validate['local_enterprise_enterprise_idx']
			if local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx in self.black_list:
				print(f"{local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} is in validator's blacklist. Trasaction won't get validated.")
				return False, False
			validation_time = time.time()
			if self.check_signature:
				transaction_before_signed = copy.deepcopy(transaction_to_validate)
				del transaction_before_signed["local_enterprise_signature"]
				modulus = transaction_to_validate['local_enterprise_rsa_pub_key']["modulus"]
				pub_key = transaction_to_validate['local_enterprise_rsa_pub_key']["pub_key"]
				signature = transaction_to_validate["local_enterprise_signature"]
				# begin validation
				# 1 - verify signature
				hash = int.from_bytes(sha256(str(sorted(transaction_before_signed.items())).encode('utf-8')).digest(), byteorder='big')
				hashFromSignature = pow(signature, pub_key, modulus)
				if hash == hashFromSignature:
					print(f"Signature of transaction from local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} is verified by validator {self.idx}!")
					transaction_to_validate['local_enterprise_signature_valid'] = True
				else:
					print(f"Signature invalid. Transaction from local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} does NOT pass verification.")
					# will also add sig not verified transaction due to the validator's verification effort and its rewards needs to be recorded in the block
					transaction_to_validate['local_enterprise_signature_valid'] = False
			else:
				print(f"Signature of transaction from local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} is verified by validator {self.idx}!")
				transaction_to_validate['local_enterprise_signature_valid'] = True
			# 2 - validate local_enterprise's local_updates_params if local_enterprise's signature is valid
			if transaction_to_validate['local_enterprise_signature_valid']:
				# accuracy validated by local_enterprise's update
				accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data = self.validate_model_weights(transaction_to_validate["local_updates_params"])
				# if local_enterprise's accuracy larger, or lower but the difference falls within the validator threshold value, meaning local_enterprise's updated model favors validator's dataset, so their updates are in the same direction - True, otherwise False. We do not consider the accuracy gap so far, meaning if local_enterprise's update is way too good, it is still fine
				print(f'validator updated model accuracy - {self.validator_local_accuracy}')
				print(f"After applying local_enterprise's update, model accuracy becomes - {accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data}")
				# record their accuracies and difference for choosing a good validator threshold
				is_malicious_validator = "M" if self.is_malicious else "B"
				with open(f"{log_files_folder_path_comm_round}/validator_{self.idx}_{is_malicious_validator}_validation_records_comm_{comm_round}.txt", "a") as file:
					is_malicious_node = "M" if self.enterprises_dict[local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx].return_is_malicious() else "B"
					file.write(f"{accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data - self.validator_local_accuracy}: validator {self.return_idx()} {is_malicious_validator} in round {comm_round} evluating local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx}, diff = v_acc:{self.validator_local_accuracy} - w_acc:{accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx}_maliciousness: {is_malicious_node}\n")
				if accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data - self.validator_local_accuracy < self.validator_threshold * -1:
					transaction_to_validate['update_direction'] = False
					print(f"NOTE: local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx}'s updates is deemed as suspiciously malicious by validator {self.idx}")
					# is it right?
					if not self.enterprises_dict[local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx].return_is_malicious():
						print(f"Warning - {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} is benign and this validation is wrong.")
						# for experiments
						with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/false_negative_good_nodes_inside_victims.txt", 'a') as file:
							file.write(f"{self.validator_local_accuracy - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} = current_validator_accuracy {self.validator_local_accuracy} - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data {accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} , by validator {self.idx} on local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} in round {comm_round}\n")
					else:
						with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/true_negative_malicious_nodes_inside_caught.txt", 'a') as file:
							file.write(f"{self.validator_local_accuracy - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} = current_validator_accuracy {self.validator_local_accuracy} - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data {accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} , by validator {self.idx} on local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} in round {comm_round}\n")
				else:
					transaction_to_validate['update_direction'] = True
					print(f"local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx}'s' updates is deemed as GOOD by validator {self.idx}")
					# is it right?
					if self.enterprises_dict[local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx].return_is_malicious():
						print(f"Warning - {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} is malicious and this validation is wrong.")
						# for experiments
						with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/false_positive_malious_nodes_inside_slipped.txt", 'a') as file:
							file.write(f"{self.validator_local_accuracy - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} = current_validator_accuracy {self.validator_local_accuracy} - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data {accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} , by validator {self.idx} on local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} in round {comm_round}\n")
					else:
						with open(f"{log_files_folder_path}/true_positive_good_nodes_inside_correct.txt", 'a') as file:
							file.write(f"{self.validator_local_accuracy - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} = current_validator_accuracy {self.validator_local_accuracy} - accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data {accuracy_by_local_enterprise_update_using_own_data} , by validator {self.idx} on local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} in round {comm_round}\n")
				if self.is_malicious and malicious_validator_on:
					old_voting = transaction_to_validate['update_direction']
					transaction_to_validate['update_direction'] = not transaction_to_validate['update_direction']
					with open(f"{log_files_folder_path_comm_round}/malicious_validator_log.txt", 'a') as file:
						file.write(f"malicious validator {self.idx} has flipped the voting of local_enterprise {local_enterprise_transaction_enterprise_idx} from {old_voting} to {transaction_to_validate['update_direction']} in round {comm_round}\n")
				transaction_to_validate['validation_rewards'] = rewards
			else:
				transaction_to_validate['update_direction'] = 'N/A'
				transaction_to_validate['validation_rewards'] = 0
			transaction_to_validate['validation_done_by'] = self.idx
			validation_time = (time.time() - validation_time)/self.computation_power
			transaction_to_validate['validation_time'] = validation_time
			transaction_to_validate['validator_rsa_pub_key'] = self.return_rsa_pub_key()
			# assume signing done in negligible time
			transaction_to_validate["validator_signature"] = self.sign_msg(sorted(transaction_to_validate.items()))
			return validation_time, transaction_to_validate

class EnterprisesInNetwork(object):
	def __init__(self, data_set_name, is_iid, batch_size, learning_rate, loss_func, opti, num_enterprises, network_stability, net, dev, knock_out_rounds, lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds, shard_test_data, miner_acception_wait_time, miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit, validator_threshold, pow_difficulty, even_link_speed_strength, base_data_transmission_speed, even_computation_power, malicious_updates_discount, num_malicious, noise_variance, check_signature, not_resync_chain):
		self.data_set_name = data_set_name
		self.is_iid = is_iid
		self.batch_size = batch_size
		self.learning_rate = learning_rate
		self.loss_func = loss_func
		self.opti = opti
		self.num_enterprises = num_enterprises
		self.net = net
		self.dev = dev
		self.enterprises_set = {}
		self.knock_out_rounds = knock_out_rounds
		self.lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds = lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds
		# self.test_data_loader = None
		self.default_network_stability = network_stability
		self.shard_test_data = shard_test_data
		self.even_link_speed_strength = even_link_speed_strength
		self.base_data_transmission_speed = base_data_transmission_speed
		self.even_computation_power = even_computation_power
		self.num_malicious = num_malicious
		self.malicious_updates_discount = malicious_updates_discount
		self.noise_variance = noise_variance
		self.check_signature = check_signature
		self.not_resync_chain = not_resync_chain
		# distribute dataset
		''' validator '''
		self.validator_threshold = validator_threshold
		''' miner '''
		self.miner_acception_wait_time = miner_acception_wait_time
		self.miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit = miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit
		self.pow_difficulty = pow_difficulty
		''' shard '''
		self.data_set_balanced_allocation()

	# distribute the dataset evenly to the enterprises
	def data_set_balanced_allocation(self):
		# read dataset
		oarf_dataset = DatasetLoad(self.data_set_name, self.is_iid)
		
		# perpare training data
		train_data = oarf_dataset.train_data
		train_label = oarf_dataset.train_label
		# shard dataset and distribute among enterprises
		# shard train
		shard_size_train = oarf_dataset.train_data_size // self.num_enterprises // 2
		shards_id_train = np.random.permutation(oarf_dataset.train_data_size // shard_size_train)

		# perpare test data
		if not self.shard_test_data:
			test_data = torch.tensor(oarf_dataset.test_data)
			test_label = torch.argmax(torch.tensor(oarf_dataset.test_label), dim=1)
			test_data_loader = DataLoader(TensorDataset(test_data, test_label), batch_size=128, shuffle=False)
		else:
			test_data = oarf_dataset.test_data
			test_label = oarf_dataset.test_label
			# shard test
			shard_size_test = oarf_dataset.test_data_size // self.num_enterprises // 2
			shards_id_test = np.random.permutation(oarf_dataset.test_data_size // shard_size_test)
		
		# Collude Attack
		malicious_nodes_set = []
		if self.num_malicious:
			malicious_nodes_set = random.sample(range(self.num_enterprises), self.num_malicious)
		str_malicious_nodes = ""
		for mn in malicious_nodes_set:
			str_malicious_nodes += str(mn+1) + ", "
		print(f"Malicious Enterprises: [{str_malicious_nodes}]\n")
		for i in range(self.num_enterprises):
			is_malicious = False
			# make it more random by introducing two shards
			shards_id_train1 = shards_id_train[i * 2]
			shards_id_train2 = shards_id_train[i * 2 + 1]
			# distribute training data
			data_shards1 = train_data[shards_id_train1 * shard_size_train: shards_id_train1 * shard_size_train + shard_size_train]
			data_shards2 = train_data[shards_id_train2 * shard_size_train: shards_id_train2 * shard_size_train + shard_size_train]
			label_shards1 = train_label[shards_id_train1 * shard_size_train: shards_id_train1 * shard_size_train + shard_size_train]
			label_shards2 = train_label[shards_id_train2 * shard_size_train: shards_id_train2 * shard_size_train + shard_size_train]
			local_train_data, local_train_label = np.vstack((data_shards1, data_shards2)), np.vstack((label_shards1, label_shards2))
			local_train_label = np.argmax(local_train_label, axis=1)
			if i in malicious_nodes_set:
				is_malicious = True
			# distribute test data
			if self.shard_test_data:
				shards_id_test1 = shards_id_test[i * 2]
				shards_id_test2 = shards_id_test[i * 2 + 1]
				data_shards1 = test_data[shards_id_test1 * shard_size_test: shards_id_test1 * shard_size_test + shard_size_test]
				data_shards2 = test_data[shards_id_test2 * shard_size_test: shards_id_test2 * shard_size_test + shard_size_test]
				label_shards1 = test_label[shards_id_test1 * shard_size_test: shards_id_test1 * shard_size_test + shard_size_test]
				label_shards2 = test_label[shards_id_test2 * shard_size_test: shards_id_test2 * shard_size_test + shard_size_test]
				local_test_data, local_test_label = np.vstack((data_shards1, data_shards2)), np.vstack((label_shards1, label_shards2))
				local_test_label = torch.argmax(torch.tensor(local_test_label), dim=1)
				test_data_loader = DataLoader(TensorDataset(torch.tensor(local_test_data), torch.tensor(local_test_label)), batch_size=100, shuffle=False)
				if is_malicious:
					# add Gussian Noise
					test_data_loader = DataLoader(TensorDataset(torch.tensor(local_test_data), torch.tensor(local_test_label)), batch_size=128, shuffle=False, transform=transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,)), AddGaussianNoise(0., 0.2/len(malicious_nodes_set))]))
			# assign data to a enterprise and put in the enterprises set
			enterprise_idx = f'enterprise_{i+1}'
			a_enterprise = Enterprise(enterprise_idx, TensorDataset(torch.tensor(local_train_data), torch.tensor(local_train_label)), test_data_loader, self.batch_size, self.learning_rate, self.loss_func, self.opti, self.default_network_stability, self.net, self.dev, self.miner_acception_wait_time, self.miner_accepted_transactions_size_limit, self.validator_threshold, self.pow_difficulty, self.even_link_speed_strength, self.base_data_transmission_speed, self.even_computation_power, is_malicious, self.noise_variance, self.check_signature, self.not_resync_chain, self.malicious_updates_discount, self.knock_out_rounds, self.lazy_local_enterprise_knock_out_rounds)
			# enterprise index starts from 1
			self.enterprises_set[enterprise_idx] = a_enterprise
			print(f"Sharding dataset to {enterprise_idx} done.")
		print(f"Sharding dataset done!")