diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 09e1f3d3..c7ec1e45 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ rustc-hash = "2.0.0"
 salsa-macro-rules = { version = "0.1.0", path = "components/salsa-macro-rules" }
 salsa-macros = { path = "components/salsa-macros" }
 smallvec = "1.0.0"
+lazy_static = "1.5.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 annotate-snippets = "0.11.4"
diff --git a/components/salsa-macro-rules/src/setup_input_struct.rs b/components/salsa-macro-rules/src/setup_input_struct.rs
index 10257b6d..ccdc60c9 100644
--- a/components/salsa-macro-rules/src/setup_input_struct.rs
+++ b/components/salsa-macro-rules/src/setup_input_struct.rs
@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ macro_rules! setup_input_struct {
                     })
                 }
 
-                pub fn ingredient_mut(db: &mut dyn $zalsa::Database) -> (&mut $zalsa_struct::IngredientImpl<Self>, &mut $zalsa::Runtime) {
+                pub fn ingredient_mut(db: &mut dyn $zalsa::Database) -> (&mut $zalsa_struct::IngredientImpl<Self>, $zalsa::Revision) {
                     let zalsa_mut = db.zalsa_mut();
                     let index = zalsa_mut.add_or_lookup_jar_by_type(&<$zalsa_struct::JarImpl<$Configuration>>::default());
-                    let (ingredient, runtime) = zalsa_mut.lookup_ingredient_mut(index);
+                    let (ingredient, current_revision) = zalsa_mut.lookup_ingredient_mut(index);
                     let ingredient = ingredient.assert_type_mut::<$zalsa_struct::IngredientImpl<Self>>();
-                    (ingredient, runtime)
+                    (ingredient, current_revision)
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/src/accumulator.rs b/src/accumulator.rs
index f00be0d8..1e9c368d 100644
--- a/src/accumulator.rs
+++ b/src/accumulator.rs
@@ -81,8 +81,7 @@ impl<A: Accumulator> IngredientImpl<A> {
 
     pub fn push(&self, db: &dyn crate::Database, value: A) {
         local_state::attach(db, |state| {
-            let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
-            let current_revision = runtime.current_revision();
+            let current_revision = db.zalsa().current_revision();
             let (active_query, _) = match state.active_query() {
                 Some(pair) => pair,
                 None => {
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ impl<A: Accumulator> Ingredient for IngredientImpl<A> {
         output_key: Option<crate::Id>,
     ) {
         assert!(output_key.is_none());
-        let current_revision = db.zalsa().runtime().current_revision();
+        let current_revision = db.zalsa().current_revision();
         if let Some(mut v) = self.map.get_mut(&executor) {
             // The value is still valid in the new revision.
             v.produced_at = current_revision;
diff --git a/src/active_query.rs b/src/active_query.rs
index 46ef8f02..8f575b75 100644
--- a/src/active_query.rs
+++ b/src/active_query.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ use crate::{
     durability::Durability,
     hash::{FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet},
     key::{DatabaseKeyIndex, DependencyIndex},
+    local_state::EMPTY_DEPENDENCIES,
     tracked_struct::Disambiguator,
-    Cycle, Revision, Runtime,
+    Cycle, Revision,
 };
 
 use super::local_state::{EdgeKind, QueryEdges, QueryOrigin, QueryRevisions};
@@ -86,9 +87,9 @@ impl ActiveQuery {
         self.input_outputs.contains(&(EdgeKind::Output, key))
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn revisions(&self, runtime: &Runtime) -> QueryRevisions {
+    pub(crate) fn revisions(&self) -> QueryRevisions {
         let input_outputs = if self.input_outputs.is_empty() {
-            runtime.empty_dependencies()
+            EMPTY_DEPENDENCIES.clone()
         } else {
             self.input_outputs.iter().copied().collect()
         };
diff --git a/src/database.rs b/src/database.rs
index 5d01801b..ba39cf66 100644
--- a/src/database.rs
+++ b/src/database.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ pub trait Database: ZalsaDatabase + AsDynDatabase {
     /// will block until that snapshot is dropped -- if that snapshot
     /// is owned by the current thread, this could trigger deadlock.
     fn synthetic_write(&mut self, durability: Durability) {
-        let runtime = self.zalsa_mut().runtime_mut();
-        runtime.new_revision();
-        runtime.report_tracked_write(durability);
+        let zalsa_mut = self.zalsa_mut();
+        zalsa_mut.new_revision();
+        zalsa_mut.report_tracked_write(durability);
     }
 
     /// Reports that the query depends on some state unknown to salsa.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub trait Database: ZalsaDatabase + AsDynDatabase {
     fn report_untracked_read(&self) {
         let db = self.as_dyn_database();
         local_state::attach(db, |state| {
-            state.report_untracked_read(db.zalsa().runtime().current_revision())
+            state.report_untracked_read(db.zalsa().current_revision())
         })
     }
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl<T: Database> AsDynDatabase for T {
 }
 
 pub fn current_revision<Db: ?Sized + Database>(db: &Db) -> Revision {
-    db.zalsa().runtime().current_revision()
+    db.zalsa().current_revision()
 }
 
 impl dyn Database {
diff --git a/src/function/accumulated.rs b/src/function/accumulated.rs
index e533fb28..d1fc003d 100644
--- a/src/function/accumulated.rs
+++ b/src/function/accumulated.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ where
     {
         local_state::attach(db, |local_state| {
             let zalsa = db.zalsa();
-            let current_revision = zalsa.runtime().current_revision();
+            let current_revision = zalsa.current_revision();
 
             let Some(accumulator) = <accumulator::IngredientImpl<A>>::from_db(db) else {
                 return vec![];
diff --git a/src/function/execute.rs b/src/function/execute.rs
index f564c3ce..7cbbf62d 100644
--- a/src/function/execute.rs
+++ b/src/function/execute.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ where
         opt_old_memo: Option<Arc<Memo<C::Output<'_>>>>,
     ) -> StampedValue<&C::Output<'db>> {
         let zalsa = db.zalsa();
-        let runtime = zalsa.runtime();
-        let revision_now = runtime.current_revision();
+        let revision_now = zalsa.current_revision();
         let database_key_index = active_query.database_key_index;
 
         tracing::info!("{:?}: executing query", database_key_index);
@@ -68,16 +67,7 @@ where
                 }
             }
         };
-        let mut revisions = active_query.pop(runtime);
-
-        // We assume that query is side-effect free -- that is, does
-        // not mutate the "inputs" to the query system. Sanity check
-        // that assumption here, at least to the best of our ability.
-        assert_eq!(
-            runtime.current_revision(),
-            revision_now,
-            "revision altered during query execution",
-        );
+        let mut revisions = active_query.pop();
 
         // If the new value is equal to the old one, then it didn't
         // really change, even if some of its inputs have. So we can
diff --git a/src/function/fetch.rs b/src/function/fetch.rs
index 5b25a70d..2474acbe 100644
--- a/src/function/fetch.rs
+++ b/src/function/fetch.rs
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ where
         let memo_guard = self.memo_map.get(key);
         if let Some(memo) = &memo_guard {
             if memo.value.is_some() {
-                let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
-                if self.shallow_verify_memo(db, runtime, self.database_key_index(key), memo) {
+                let zalsa = db.zalsa();
+                if self.shallow_verify_memo(db, zalsa, self.database_key_index(key), memo) {
                     let value = unsafe {
                         // Unsafety invariant: memo is present in memo_map
                         self.extend_memo_lifetime(memo).unwrap()
diff --git a/src/function/maybe_changed_after.rs b/src/function/maybe_changed_after.rs
index 80ec605a..a9426cf7 100644
--- a/src/function/maybe_changed_after.rs
+++ b/src/function/maybe_changed_after.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use crate::{
     key::DatabaseKeyIndex,
     local_state::{self, ActiveQueryGuard, EdgeKind, LocalState, QueryOrigin},
     runtime::StampedValue,
-    storage::ZalsaDatabase as _,
-    AsDynDatabase as _, Id, Revision, Runtime,
+    storage::{Zalsa, ZalsaDatabase as _},
+    AsDynDatabase as _, Id, Revision,
 };
 
 use super::{memo::Memo, Configuration, IngredientImpl};
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ where
         revision: Revision,
     ) -> bool {
         local_state::attach(db.as_dyn_database(), |local_state| {
-            let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
+            let zalsa = db.zalsa();
             local_state.unwind_if_revision_cancelled(db.as_dyn_database());
 
             loop {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ where
                 // Check if we have a verified version: this is the hot path.
                 let memo_guard = self.memo_map.get(key);
                 if let Some(memo) = &memo_guard {
-                    if self.shallow_verify_memo(db, runtime, database_key_index, memo) {
+                    if self.shallow_verify_memo(db, zalsa, database_key_index, memo) {
                         return memo.revisions.changed_at > revision;
                     }
                     drop(memo_guard); // release the arc-swap guard before cold path
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ where
     pub(super) fn shallow_verify_memo(
         &self,
         db: &C::DbView,
-        runtime: &Runtime,
+        zalsa: &dyn Zalsa,
         database_key_index: DatabaseKeyIndex,
         memo: &Memo<C::Output<'_>>,
     ) -> bool {
         let verified_at = memo.verified_at.load();
-        let revision_now = runtime.current_revision();
+        let revision_now = zalsa.current_revision();
 
         tracing::debug!("{database_key_index:?}: shallow_verify_memo(memo = {memo:#?})",);
 
@@ -116,10 +116,10 @@ where
             return true;
         }
 
-        if memo.check_durability(runtime) {
+        if memo.check_durability(zalsa) {
             // No input of the suitable durability has changed since last verified.
             let db = db.as_dyn_database();
-            memo.mark_as_verified(db, runtime, database_key_index);
+            memo.mark_as_verified(db, revision_now, database_key_index);
             memo.mark_outputs_as_verified(db, database_key_index);
             return true;
         }
@@ -141,12 +141,12 @@ where
         old_memo: &Memo<C::Output<'_>>,
         active_query: &ActiveQueryGuard<'_>,
     ) -> bool {
-        let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
+        let zalsa = db.zalsa();
         let database_key_index = active_query.database_key_index;
 
         tracing::debug!("{database_key_index:?}: deep_verify_memo(old_memo = {old_memo:#?})",);
 
-        if self.shallow_verify_memo(db, runtime, database_key_index, old_memo) {
+        if self.shallow_verify_memo(db, zalsa, database_key_index, old_memo) {
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -215,7 +215,11 @@ where
             }
         }
 
-        old_memo.mark_as_verified(db.as_dyn_database(), runtime, database_key_index);
+        old_memo.mark_as_verified(
+            db.as_dyn_database(),
+            zalsa.current_revision(),
+            database_key_index,
+        );
         true
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/function/memo.rs b/src/function/memo.rs
index 074fcf1a..ef26a014 100644
--- a/src/function/memo.rs
+++ b/src/function/memo.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use arc_swap::{ArcSwap, Guard};
 use crossbeam::atomic::AtomicCell;
 
 use crate::{
-    hash::FxDashMap, key::DatabaseKeyIndex, local_state::QueryRevisions, Event, EventKind, Id,
-    Revision, Runtime,
+    hash::FxDashMap, key::DatabaseKeyIndex, local_state::QueryRevisions, storage::Zalsa, Event,
+    EventKind, Id, Revision,
 };
 
 use super::Configuration;
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ impl<V> Memo<V> {
         }
     }
     /// True if this memo is known not to have changed based on its durability.
-    pub(super) fn check_durability(&self, runtime: &Runtime) -> bool {
-        let last_changed = runtime.last_changed_revision(self.revisions.durability);
+    pub(super) fn check_durability(&self, zalsa: &dyn Zalsa) -> bool {
+        let last_changed = zalsa.last_changed_revision(self.revisions.durability);
         let verified_at = self.verified_at.load();
         tracing::debug!(
             "check_durability(last_changed={:?} <= verified_at={:?}) = {:?}",
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ impl<V> Memo<V> {
     pub(super) fn mark_as_verified(
         &self,
         db: &dyn crate::Database,
-        runtime: &crate::Runtime,
+        revision_now: Revision,
         database_key_index: DatabaseKeyIndex,
     ) {
         db.salsa_event(Event {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl<V> Memo<V> {
             },
         });
 
-        self.verified_at.store(runtime.current_revision());
+        self.verified_at.store(revision_now);
     }
 
     pub(super) fn mark_outputs_as_verified(
diff --git a/src/function/specify.rs b/src/function/specify.rs
index 9d2a3dd2..37e88082 100644
--- a/src/function/specify.rs
+++ b/src/function/specify.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ where
             // - a result that is verified in the current revision, because it was set, which will use the set value
             // - a result that is NOT verified and has untracked inputs, which will re-execute (and likely panic)
 
-            let revision = db.zalsa().runtime().current_revision();
+            let revision = db.zalsa().current_revision();
             let mut revisions = QueryRevisions {
                 changed_at: current_deps.changed_at,
                 durability: current_deps.durability,
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ where
         executor: DatabaseKeyIndex,
         key: Id,
     ) {
-        let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
+        let zalsa = db.zalsa();
 
         let memo = match self.memo_map.get(key) {
             Some(m) => m,
@@ -119,6 +119,10 @@ where
         }
 
         let database_key_index = self.database_key_index(key);
-        memo.mark_as_verified(db.as_dyn_database(), runtime, database_key_index);
+        memo.mark_as_verified(
+            db.as_dyn_database(),
+            zalsa.current_revision(),
+            database_key_index,
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/function/sync.rs b/src/function/sync.rs
index d59cc7e5..0f1d5178 100644
--- a/src/function/sync.rs
+++ b/src/function/sync.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl SyncMap {
         local_state: &LocalState,
         database_key_index: DatabaseKeyIndex,
     ) -> Option<ClaimGuard<'me>> {
-        let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
+        let runtime = db.zalsa().runtimex();
         let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
         match self.sync_map.entry(database_key_index.key_index) {
             dashmap::mapref::entry::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
diff --git a/src/handle.rs b/src/handle.rs
index 6b4dd167..28661888 100644
--- a/src/handle.rs
+++ b/src/handle.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl<Db: Database> Handle<Db> {
     /// same database!
     fn cancel_others(&mut self) {
         let zalsa = self.db().zalsa();
-        zalsa.runtime().set_cancellation_flag();
+        zalsa.set_cancellation_flag();
 
         self.db().salsa_event(Event {
             thread_id: std::thread::current().id(),
diff --git a/src/input.rs b/src/input.rs
index ba1bd41a..6fa683e6 100644
--- a/src/input.rs
+++ b/src/input.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use crate::{
     key::{DatabaseKeyIndex, DependencyIndex},
     local_state::{self, QueryOrigin},
     plumbing::{Jar, Stamp},
-    runtime::Runtime,
     storage::IngredientIndex,
     Database, Durability, Id, Revision,
 };
@@ -121,18 +120,17 @@ impl<C: Configuration> IngredientImpl<C> {
     /// * `setter`, function that modifies the fields tuple; should only modify the element for `field_index`
     pub fn set_field<R>(
         &mut self,
-        runtime: &mut Runtime,
+        current_revision: Revision,
         id: C::Struct,
         field_index: usize,
         durability: Durability,
         setter: impl FnOnce(&mut C::Fields) -> R,
     ) -> R {
-        let revision = runtime.current_revision();
         let id: Id = id.as_id();
         let mut r = self.struct_map.update(id);
         let stamp = &mut r.stamps[field_index];
         stamp.durability = durability;
-        stamp.changed_at = revision;
+        stamp.changed_at = current_revision;
         setter(&mut r.fields)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/input/setter.rs b/src/input/setter.rs
index a976aad0..e19d9c95 100644
--- a/src/input/setter.rs
+++ b/src/input/setter.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use crate::input::{Configuration, IngredientImpl};
-use crate::{Durability, Runtime};
+use crate::{Durability, Revision};
 
 /// Setter for a field of an input.
 pub trait Setter: Sized {
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub trait Setter: Sized {
 
 #[must_use]
 pub struct SetterImpl<'setter, C: Configuration, S, F> {
-    runtime: &'setter mut Runtime,
+    current_revision: Revision,
     id: C::Struct,
     ingredient: &'setter mut IngredientImpl<C>,
     durability: Durability,
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ where
     S: FnOnce(&mut C::Fields, F) -> F,
 {
     pub fn new(
-        runtime: &'setter mut Runtime,
+        current_revision: Revision,
         id: C::Struct,
         field_index: usize,
         ingredient: &'setter mut IngredientImpl<C>,
         setter: S,
     ) -> Self {
         SetterImpl {
-            runtime,
+            current_revision,
             id,
             field_index,
             ingredient,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ where
 
     fn to(self, value: F) -> F {
         let Self {
-            runtime,
+            current_revision,
             id,
             ingredient,
             durability,
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ where
             phantom: _,
         } = self;
 
-        ingredient.set_field(runtime, id, field_index, durability, |tuple| {
+        ingredient.set_field(current_revision, id, field_index, durability, |tuple| {
             setter(tuple, value)
         })
     }
diff --git a/src/local_state.rs b/src/local_state.rs
index c83f9c90..4531809d 100644
--- a/src/local_state.rs
+++ b/src/local_state.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ use crate::Database;
 use crate::Event;
 use crate::EventKind;
 use crate::Revision;
-use crate::Runtime;
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::ptr::NonNull;
@@ -317,21 +316,20 @@ impl LocalState {
     /// `salsa_event` is emitted when this method is called, so that should be
     /// used instead.
     pub(crate) fn unwind_if_revision_cancelled(&self, db: &dyn Database) {
-        let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
         let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
         db.salsa_event(Event {
             thread_id,
 
             kind: EventKind::WillCheckCancellation,
         });
-        if runtime.load_cancellation_flag() {
-            self.unwind_cancelled(runtime);
+        let zalsa = db.zalsa();
+        if zalsa.load_cancellation_flag() {
+            self.unwind_cancelled(zalsa.current_revision());
         }
     }
 
     #[cold]
-    pub(crate) fn unwind_cancelled(&self, runtime: &Runtime) {
-        let current_revision = runtime.current_revision();
+    pub(crate) fn unwind_cancelled(&self, current_revision: Revision) {
         self.report_untracked_read(current_revision);
         Cancelled::PendingWrite.throw();
     }
@@ -410,6 +408,10 @@ pub enum EdgeKind {
     Output,
 }
 
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    pub(crate) static ref EMPTY_DEPENDENCIES: Arc<[(EdgeKind, DependencyIndex)]> = Arc::new([]);
+}
+
 /// The edges between a memoized value and other queries in the dependency graph.
 /// These edges include both dependency edges
 /// e.g., when creating the memoized value for Q0 executed another function Q1)
@@ -493,14 +495,14 @@ impl ActiveQueryGuard<'_> {
     /// which summarizes the other queries that were accessed during this
     /// query's execution.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn pop(self, runtime: &Runtime) -> QueryRevisions {
+    pub(crate) fn pop(self) -> QueryRevisions {
         // Extract accumulated inputs.
         let popped_query = self.complete();
 
         // If this frame were a cycle participant, it would have unwound.
         assert!(popped_query.cycle.is_none());
 
-        popped_query.revisions(runtime)
+        popped_query.revisions()
     }
 
     /// If the active query is registered as a cycle participant, remove and
diff --git a/src/runtime.rs b/src/runtime.rs
index 04b83645..3db4a6a6 100644
--- a/src/runtime.rs
+++ b/src/runtime.rs
@@ -8,13 +8,9 @@ use crossbeam::atomic::AtomicCell;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 
 use crate::{
-    active_query::ActiveQuery,
-    cycle::CycleRecoveryStrategy,
-    durability::Durability,
-    key::{DatabaseKeyIndex, DependencyIndex},
-    local_state::{EdgeKind, LocalState},
-    revision::AtomicRevision,
-    Cancelled, Cycle, Database, Event, EventKind, Revision,
+    active_query::ActiveQuery, cycle::CycleRecoveryStrategy, durability::Durability,
+    key::DatabaseKeyIndex, local_state::LocalState, revision::AtomicRevision, Cancelled, Cycle,
+    Database, Event, EventKind, Revision,
 };
 
 use self::dependency_graph::DependencyGraph;
@@ -25,9 +21,6 @@ pub struct Runtime {
     /// Stores the next id to use for a snapshotted runtime (starts at 1).
     next_id: AtomicUsize,
 
-    /// Vector we can clone
-    empty_dependencies: Arc<[(EdgeKind, DependencyIndex)]>,
-
     /// Set to true when the current revision has been canceled.
     /// This is done when we an input is being changed. The flag
     /// is set back to false once the input has been changed.
@@ -89,7 +82,6 @@ impl Default for Runtime {
                 .map(|_| AtomicRevision::start())
                 .collect(),
             next_id: AtomicUsize::new(1),
-            empty_dependencies: None.into_iter().collect(),
             revision_canceled: Default::default(),
             dependency_graph: Default::default(),
         }
@@ -112,10 +104,6 @@ impl Runtime {
         self.revisions[0].load()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn empty_dependencies(&self) -> Arc<[(EdgeKind, DependencyIndex)]> {
-        self.empty_dependencies.clone()
-    }
-
     /// Reports that an input with durability `durability` changed.
     /// This will update the 'last changed at' values for every durability
     /// less than or equal to `durability` to the current revision.
diff --git a/src/storage.rs b/src/storage.rs
index 3139cbd6..0ecf132e 100644
--- a/src/storage.rs
+++ b/src/storage.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::ingredient::{Ingredient, Jar};
 use crate::nonce::{Nonce, NonceGenerator};
 use crate::runtime::Runtime;
 use crate::views::{Views, ViewsOf};
-use crate::Database;
+use crate::{Database, Durability, Revision};
 
 pub fn views<Db: ?Sized + Database>(db: &Db) -> &Views {
     db.zalsa().views()
@@ -55,17 +55,36 @@ pub trait Zalsa {
     /// Gets an `&`-ref to an ingredient by index
     fn lookup_ingredient(&self, index: IngredientIndex) -> &dyn Ingredient;
 
-    /// Gets an `&mut`-ref to an ingredient by index; also returns the runtime for further use
+    /// Gets an `&mut`-ref to an ingredient by index.
+    /// 
+    /// **Triggers a new revision.** Returns the `&mut` reference 
+    /// along with the new revision index.
     fn lookup_ingredient_mut(
         &mut self,
         index: IngredientIndex,
-    ) -> (&mut dyn Ingredient, &mut Runtime);
+    ) -> (&mut dyn Ingredient, Revision);
 
-    /// Gets the salsa runtime
-    fn runtime(&self) -> &Runtime;
+    fn runtimex(&self) -> &Runtime;
 
-    /// Gets the salsa runtime
-    fn runtime_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Runtime;
+    /// Return the current revision
+    fn current_revision(&self) -> Revision;
+
+    /// Increment revision counter.
+    /// 
+    /// **Triggers a new revision.**
+    fn new_revision(&mut self) -> Revision;
+
+    /// Return the time when an input of durability `durability` last changed
+    fn last_changed_revision(&self, durability: Durability) -> Revision;
+
+    /// True if any threads have signalled for cancellation
+    fn load_cancellation_flag(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Signal for cancellation, indicating current thread is trying to get unique access.
+    fn set_cancellation_flag(&self);
+
+    /// Reports a (synthetic) tracked write to "some input of the given durability".
+    fn report_tracked_write(&mut self, durability: Durability);
 }
 
 impl<Db: Database> Zalsa for Storage<Db> {
@@ -119,19 +138,11 @@ impl<Db: Database> Zalsa for Storage<Db> {
         &**self.ingredients_vec.get(index.as_usize()).unwrap()
     }
 
-    fn runtime(&self) -> &Runtime {
-        &self.runtime
-    }
-
-    fn runtime_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Runtime {
-        &mut self.runtime
-    }
-
     fn lookup_ingredient_mut(
         &mut self,
         index: IngredientIndex,
-    ) -> (&mut dyn Ingredient, &mut Runtime) {
-        self.runtime.new_revision();
+    ) -> (&mut dyn Ingredient, Revision) {
+        let new_revision = self.runtime.new_revision();
 
         for index in self.ingredients_requiring_reset.iter() {
             self.ingredients_vec
@@ -142,9 +153,37 @@ impl<Db: Database> Zalsa for Storage<Db> {
 
         (
             &mut **self.ingredients_vec.get_mut(index.as_usize()).unwrap(),
-            &mut self.runtime,
+            new_revision,
         )
     }
+    
+    fn current_revision(&self) -> Revision {
+        self.runtime.current_revision()
+    }
+    
+    fn load_cancellation_flag(&self) -> bool {
+        self.runtime.load_cancellation_flag()
+    }
+    
+    fn report_tracked_write(&mut self, durability: Durability) {
+        self.runtime.report_tracked_write(durability)
+    }
+    
+    fn runtimex(&self) -> &Runtime {
+        &self.runtime
+    }
+    
+    fn last_changed_revision(&self, durability: Durability) -> Revision {
+        self.runtime.last_changed_revision(durability)
+    }
+    
+    fn set_cancellation_flag(&self) {
+        self.runtime.set_cancellation_flag()
+    }
+    
+    fn new_revision(&mut self) -> Revision {
+        self.runtime.new_revision()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Nonce type representing the underlying database storage.
diff --git a/src/tracked_struct.rs b/src/tracked_struct.rs
index 78bba1d8..0621782b 100644
--- a/src/tracked_struct.rs
+++ b/src/tracked_struct.rs
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ where
             let (id, new_id) = self.intern(entity_key);
             local_state.add_output(self.database_key_index(id).into());
 
-            let current_revision = zalsa.runtime().current_revision();
+            let current_revision = zalsa.current_revision();
             if new_id {
                 // This is a new tracked struct, so create an entry in the struct map.
 
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ where
     ///
     /// If the struct has not been created in this revision.
     pub fn lookup_struct<'db>(&'db self, db: &'db dyn Database, id: Id) -> C::Struct<'db> {
-        let current_revision = db.zalsa().runtime().current_revision();
+        let current_revision = db.zalsa().current_revision();
         self.struct_map.get(current_revision, id)
     }
 
@@ -458,9 +458,9 @@ where
         _executor: DatabaseKeyIndex,
         output_key: Option<crate::Id>,
     ) {
-        let runtime = db.zalsa().runtime();
+        let current_revision = db.zalsa().current_revision();
         let output_key = output_key.unwrap();
-        self.struct_map.validate(runtime, output_key);
+        self.struct_map.validate(current_revision, output_key);
     }
 
     fn remove_stale_output(
diff --git a/src/tracked_struct/struct_map.rs b/src/tracked_struct/struct_map.rs
index 4779a278..b8ea1578 100644
--- a/src/tracked_struct/struct_map.rs
+++ b/src/tracked_struct/struct_map.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
 use crossbeam::queue::SegQueue;
 use dashmap::mapref::one::RefMut;
 
-use crate::{alloc::Alloc, hash::FxDashMap, Id, Revision, Runtime};
+use crate::{alloc::Alloc, hash::FxDashMap, Id, Revision};
 
 use super::{Configuration, KeyStruct, Value};
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ where
         unsafe { C::struct_from_raw(pointer) }
     }
 
-    pub fn validate<'db>(&'db self, runtime: &'db Runtime, id: Id) {
+    pub fn validate<'db>(&'db self, current_revision: Revision, id: Id) {
         let mut data = self.map.get_mut(&id).unwrap();
 
         // UNSAFE: We never permit `&`-access in the current revision until data.created_at
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ where
         let data = unsafe { data.as_mut() };
 
         // Never update a struct twice in the same revision.
-        let current_revision = runtime.current_revision();
         assert!(data.created_at < current_revision);
         data.created_at = current_revision;
     }
diff --git a/src/tracked_struct/tracked_field.rs b/src/tracked_struct/tracked_field.rs
index a10eb31f..7a6b7b42 100644
--- a/src/tracked_struct/tracked_field.rs
+++ b/src/tracked_struct/tracked_field.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ where
     /// The caller is responible for selecting the appropriate element.
     pub fn field<'db>(&'db self, db: &'db dyn Database, id: Id) -> &'db C::Fields<'db> {
         local_state::attach(db, |local_state| {
-            let current_revision = db.zalsa().runtime().current_revision();
+            let current_revision = db.zalsa().current_revision();
             let data = self.struct_map.get(current_revision, id);
             let data = C::deref_struct(data);
             let changed_at = data.revisions[self.field_index];
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ where
         input: Option<Id>,
         revision: crate::Revision,
     ) -> bool {
-        let current_revision = db.zalsa().runtime().current_revision();
+        let current_revision = db.zalsa().current_revision();
         let id = input.unwrap();
         let data = self.struct_map.get(current_revision, id);
         let data = C::deref_struct(data);