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From: GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2023 14:13:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] site deploy

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Source  : 5ffd860c03059c6349a79050c2e4eb87674d3eb4
Branch  : md-outputs
Author  : GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Time    : 2023-11-18 14:12:41 +0000
Message : markdown source builds

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Source  : fa09269ff64e4a43a0e8a6674eb05922d116c023
Branch  : main
Author  : Matthieu Bruneaux <matthieu.bruneaux@gmail.com>
Time    : 2023-11-18 14:10:45 +0000
Message : Merge pull request #869 from emoryn/patch-1

Update 01-rstudio-intro.Rmd
---
 01-rstudio-intro.html                    |  25 +++---
 02-project-intro.html                    |   6 +-
 03-seeking-help.html                     |   4 +-
 04-data-structures-part1.html            |  34 ++++----
 05-data-structures-part2.html            |  12 +--
 06-data-subsetting.html                  |   4 +-
 07-control-flow.html                     |  14 +--
 08-plot-ggplot2.html                     |   4 +-
 09-vectorization.html                    |  12 +--
 10-functions.html                        |   4 +-
 11-writing-data.html                     |   4 +-
 12-plyr.html                             |  10 +--
 13-dplyr.html                            |  10 +--
 14-tidyr.html                            |   4 +-
 15-knitr-markdown.html                   |  12 +--
 16-wrap-up.html                          |   4 +-
 404.html                                 |   6 +-
 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html                     |   4 +-
 LICENSE.html                             |   4 +-
 aio.html                                 | 103 +++++++++++------------
 discuss.html                             |   4 +-
 images.html                              |   6 +-
 index.html                               |   6 +-
 instructor-notes.html                    |   6 +-
 instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html         |  25 +++---
 instructor/02-project-intro.html         |   6 +-
 instructor/03-seeking-help.html          |   4 +-
 instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html |  34 ++++----
 instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html |  12 +--
 instructor/06-data-subsetting.html       |   4 +-
 instructor/07-control-flow.html          |  14 +--
 instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html          |   4 +-
 instructor/09-vectorization.html         |  12 +--
 instructor/10-functions.html             |   4 +-
 instructor/11-writing-data.html          |   4 +-
 instructor/12-plyr.html                  |  10 +--
 instructor/13-dplyr.html                 |  10 +--
 instructor/14-tidyr.html                 |   4 +-
 instructor/15-knitr-markdown.html        |  12 +--
 instructor/16-wrap-up.html               |   4 +-
 instructor/404.html                      |   6 +-
 instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html          |   4 +-
 instructor/LICENSE.html                  |   4 +-
 instructor/aio.html                      | 103 +++++++++++------------
 instructor/discuss.html                  |   4 +-
 instructor/images.html                   |   6 +-
 instructor/index.html                    |   6 +-
 instructor/instructor-notes.html         |   6 +-
 instructor/key-points.html               |   6 +-
 instructor/profiles.html                 |   6 +-
 instructor/reference.html                |   4 +-
 key-points.html                          |   6 +-
 md5sum.txt                               |   2 +-
 pkgdown.yml                              |   2 +-
 profiles.html                            |   6 +-
 reference.html                           |   4 +-
 renv.lock                                |  83 +++++++++---------
 57 files changed, 361 insertions(+), 362 deletions(-)

diff --git a/01-rstudio-intro.html b/01-rstudio-intro.html
index a21c076b2..f71484aff 100644
--- a/01-rstudio-intro.html
+++ b/01-rstudio-intro.html
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
       </div>
       <hr></nav><main id="main-content" class="main-content"><div class="container lesson-content">
         <h1>Introduction to R and RStudio</h1>
-        <p> Last updated on 2023-11-16 | 
+        <p> Last updated on 2023-11-18 | 
         
         <a href="https://github.com/swcarpentry/r-novice-gapminder/edit/main/episodes/01-rstudio-intro.Rmd" class="external-link">Edit this page <i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="edit"></i></a></p>
         
@@ -538,8 +538,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 more information on indexing vectors, see <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting/index.html" class="external-link">Episode
 6: Subsetting Data</a>.</p>
 <p>If you type in an incomplete command, R will wait for you to complete
-it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize
-this<br>
+it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize this
 behavior from bash.</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -933,7 +932,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -969,7 +968,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <hr class="half-width"><p>One final thing to be aware of is that R is <em>vectorized</em>,
 meaning that variables and functions can have vectors as values. In
 contrast to physics and mathematics, a vector in R describes a set of
-values in a certain order of the same data type. For example</p>
+values in a certain order of the same data type. For example:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb47">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
 </h3>
@@ -1082,7 +1081,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
     }
     else all.names
 }
-&lt;bytecode: 0x55bec8f02a70&gt;
+&lt;bytecode: 0x55de69f00a80&gt;
 &lt;environment: namespace:base&gt;</code></pre>
 </div>
 <p>What’s going on here?</p>
@@ -1215,7 +1214,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1271,7 +1270,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1312,7 +1311,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1345,7 +1344,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1425,7 +1424,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1447,8 +1446,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/01-rstudio-intro.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/01-rstudio-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/02-project-intro.html b/02-project-intro.html
index d39776e75..554bbec1c 100644
--- a/02-project-intro.html
+++ b/02-project-intro.html
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/02-project-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/03-seeking-help.html b/03-seeking-help.html
index f8e794a03..9fc1bfa60 100644
--- a/03-seeking-help.html
+++ b/03-seeking-help.html
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/03-seeking-help.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/04-data-structures-part1.html b/04-data-structures-part1.html
index a77bd5aa7..0d8ddeead 100644
--- a/04-data-structures-part1.html
+++ b/04-data-structures-part1.html
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Discussion 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By keeping everything in a column the same, we allow ourselves to
 make simple assumptions about our data; if you can interpret one entry
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Tip 1.1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Show the content of any variable by typing its name.</p>
 <div class="section level3">
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Tip 1.2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In the chapter “Data types” we saw two functions that can show data
 types. One printed just a single word, the data type name. The other
@@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Tip 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Scroll up to the section about the <a href="#the-type-hierarchy">type
 hierarchy</a> to review the available data types</p>
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to Challenge 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul><li>Weight is expressed on a continuous scale (real numbers). The R data
 type for this is “double” (also known as “numeric”).</li>
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Tip 1.4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Revisit the hierarchy of data types when two different data types are
 combined.</p>
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Tip 1.5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The functions to convert data types start with <code>as.</code>. You
 can look for the function further up in the manuscript or use the
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb92">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution9">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9">
+<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>You get the names of an object by wrapping the object name inside
 <code>names(...)</code>. Similarly, you get the data type of the names
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution10">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10">
+<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre><code><span><span class="va">letter_no</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">26</span>   <span class="co"># or seq(1,26)</span></span>
 <span><span class="fu">names</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">letter_no</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">LETTERS</span></span>
@@ -1862,7 +1862,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution11">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11">
+<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb138">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -2124,7 +2124,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution12">
   Solution to Challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12">
+<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>What do you think will be the result of
 <code>length(matrix_example)</code>?</p>
@@ -2170,7 +2170,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution13">
   Solution to Challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13">
+<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Make another matrix, this time containing the numbers 1:50, with 5
 columns and 10 rows. Did the <code>matrix</code> function fill your
@@ -2212,7 +2212,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution14">
   Solution to Challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14">
+<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb173">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution15">
   Solution to Challenge 9
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15">
+<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Consider the R output of the matrix below:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper">
@@ -2342,7 +2342,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -2365,7 +2365,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/04-data-structures-part1.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/05-data-structures-part2.html b/05-data-structures-part2.html
index 69f91294b..5d3938aa7 100644
--- a/05-data-structures-part2.html
+++ b/05-data-structures-part2.html
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb30">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul><li>
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/05-data-structures-part2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/06-data-subsetting.html b/06-data-subsetting.html
index 6111e299b..9d336c602 100644
--- a/06-data-subsetting.html
+++ b/06-data-subsetting.html
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1960,7 +1960,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/07-control-flow.html b/07-control-flow.html
index 3a7149e3e..7a0618587 100644
--- a/07-control-flow.html
+++ b/07-control-flow.html
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/07-control-flow.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index 52447821e..212d52180 100644
--- a/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/09-vectorization.html b/09-vectorization.html
index dc9ea4fbd..d352e0e2e 100644
--- a/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/09-vectorization.html
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Let’s try this on the <code>pop</code> column of the
 <code>gapminder</code> dataset.</p>
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Refresh your plotting skills by plotting population in millions
 against year.</p>
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Given the following matrix:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb28">
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We’re interested in looking at the sum of the following sequence of
 fractions:</p>
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/09-vectorization.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/10-functions.html b/10-functions.html
index d4fa16de8..5fb8e36d4 100644
--- a/10-functions.html
+++ b/10-functions.html
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/10-functions.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/11-writing-data.html b/11-writing-data.html
index 83ed5265b..4d3eea7d8 100644
--- a/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/11-writing-data.html
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/11-writing-data.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/12-plyr.html b/12-plyr.html
index 5bd38bd54..5f0ccbe63 100644
--- a/12-plyr.html
+++ b/12-plyr.html
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb12">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb21">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Alternative Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Answer 3 will calculate the average life expectancy per
 continent.</p>
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/12-plyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/13-dplyr.html b/13-dplyr.html
index e5da2890e..2d165b6df 100644
--- a/13-dplyr.html
+++ b/13-dplyr.html
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/13-dplyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/14-tidyr.html b/14-tidyr.html
index eb2c52901..2a881fe69 100644
--- a/14-tidyr.html
+++ b/14-tidyr.html
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/14-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/15-knitr-markdown.html b/15-knitr-markdown.html
index 871fa46ea..e9c43e83c 100644
--- a/15-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/15-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/15-knitr-markdown.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/16-wrap-up.html b/16-wrap-up.html
index d4c71903b..a151cc455 100644
--- a/16-wrap-up.html
+++ b/16-wrap-up.html
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/16-wrap-up.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index a204080e6..7cdf74576 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -419,8 +419,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index 9f627c362..5e976fa87 100644
--- a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/LICENSE.html b/LICENSE.html
index 202d63078..000e581f0 100644
--- a/LICENSE.html
+++ b/LICENSE.html
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/aio.html b/aio.html
index 8faf3e3f9..670c999c6 100644
--- a/aio.html
+++ b/aio.html
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
         
 <section id="aio-01-rstudio-intro"><p>Content from <a href="01-rstudio-intro.html">Introduction to R and RStudio</a></p>
 <hr>
-<p> Last updated on 2023-11-16 | 
+<p> Last updated on 2023-11-18 | 
         
         <a href="https://github.com/swcarpentry/r-novice-gapminder/edit/main/episodes/01-rstudio-intro.Rmd" class="external-link">Edit this page <i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="edit"></i></a></p>
 <div class="text-end">
@@ -616,8 +616,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 more information on indexing vectors, see <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting/index.html" class="external-link">Episode
 6: Subsetting Data</a>.</p>
 <p>If you type in an incomplete command, R will wait for you to complete
-it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize
-this<br>
+it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize this
 behavior from bash.</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1018,7 +1017,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -1055,7 +1054,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <p>One final thing to be aware of is that R is <em>vectorized</em>,
 meaning that variables and functions can have vectors as values. In
 contrast to physics and mathematics, a vector in R describes a set of
-values in a certain order of the same data type. For example</p>
+values in a certain order of the same data type. For example:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb47">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
 </h3>
@@ -1169,7 +1168,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
     }
     else all.names
 }
-&lt;bytecode: 0x55bec8f02a70&gt;
+&lt;bytecode: 0x55de69f00a80&gt;
 &lt;environment: namespace:base&gt;</code></pre>
 </div>
 <p>What’s going on here?</p>
@@ -1305,7 +1304,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1361,7 +1360,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1402,7 +1401,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1435,7 +1434,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1741,7 +1740,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -2787,7 +2786,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Discussion 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By keeping everything in a column the same, we allow ourselves to
 make simple assumptions about our data; if you can interpret one entry
@@ -3019,7 +3018,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Tip 1.1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Show the content of any variable by typing its name.</p>
 <div class="section level3">
@@ -3054,7 +3053,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Tip 1.2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In the chapter “Data types” we saw two functions that can show data
 types. One printed just a single word, the data type name. The other
@@ -3098,7 +3097,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Tip 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Scroll up to the section about the <a href="#the-type-hierarchy">type
 hierarchy</a> to review the available data types</p>
@@ -3113,7 +3112,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to Challenge 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul>
 <li>Weight is expressed on a continuous scale (real numbers). The R data
@@ -3149,7 +3148,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Tip 1.4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Revisit the hierarchy of data types when two different data types are
 combined.</p>
@@ -3190,7 +3189,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Tip 1.5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The functions to convert data types start with <code>as.</code>. You
 can look for the function further up in the manuscript or use the
@@ -3383,7 +3382,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb92">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -3615,7 +3614,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution9">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9">
+<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>You get the names of an object by wrapping the object name inside
 <code>names(...)</code>. Similarly, you get the data type of the names
@@ -3662,7 +3661,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution10">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10">
+<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre><code><span><span class="va">letter_no</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">26</span>   <span class="co"># or seq(1,26)</span></span>
 <span><span class="fu">names</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">letter_no</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">LETTERS</span></span>
@@ -3855,7 +3854,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution11">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11">
+<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb138">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -4118,7 +4117,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution12">
   Solution to Challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12">
+<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>What do you think will be the result of
 <code>length(matrix_example)</code>?</p>
@@ -4164,7 +4163,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution13">
   Solution to Challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13">
+<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Make another matrix, this time containing the numbers 1:50, with 5
 columns and 10 rows. Did the <code>matrix</code> function fill your
@@ -4208,7 +4207,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution14">
   Solution to Challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14">
+<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb173">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -4262,7 +4261,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution15">
   Solution to Challenge 9
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15">
+<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Consider the R output of the matrix below:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper">
@@ -4641,7 +4640,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb30">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -4933,7 +4932,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -4995,7 +4994,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -5048,7 +5047,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul>
@@ -6850,7 +6849,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -7197,7 +7196,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -7283,7 +7282,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -7366,7 +7365,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -7417,7 +7416,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -8294,7 +8293,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Let’s try this on the <code>pop</code> column of the
 <code>gapminder</code> dataset.</p>
@@ -8346,7 +8345,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Refresh your plotting skills by plotting population in millions
 against year.</p>
@@ -8528,7 +8527,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Given the following matrix:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb28">
@@ -8613,7 +8612,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We’re interested in looking at the sum of the following sequence of
 fractions:</p>
@@ -10026,7 +10025,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb12">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10258,7 +10257,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb21">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10364,7 +10363,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Alternative Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Answer 3 will calculate the average life expectancy per
 continent.</p>
@@ -10641,7 +10640,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10776,7 +10775,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -11144,7 +11143,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -12111,7 +12110,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -12194,7 +12193,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -12286,7 +12285,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -12337,7 +12336,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -12610,7 +12609,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer>
@@ -12633,8 +12632,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/aio.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/aio.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/discuss.html b/discuss.html
index 4fca4a2a0..0ccd64a0e 100644
--- a/discuss.html
+++ b/discuss.html
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/discuss.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/images.html b/images.html
index 5347bce01..2a7ac3d73 100644
--- a/images.html
+++ b/images.html
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ <h3 id="15-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer>
@@ -613,8 +613,8 @@ <h3 id="15-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/images.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/images.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 30aeb132a..3abcdf469 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -432,8 +432,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/index.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/index.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor-notes.html b/instructor-notes.html
index 6860720b1..46f0ad152 100644
--- a/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor-notes.html
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">BASH<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer>
@@ -595,8 +595,8 @@ <h3 class="code-label">BASH<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor-notes.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor-notes.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html b/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
index 7772c5738..466ea0a1b 100644
--- a/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
+++ b/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
       </div>
       <hr></nav><main id="main-content" class="main-content"><div class="container lesson-content">
         <h1>Introduction to R and RStudio</h1>
-        <p> Last updated on 2023-11-16 | 
+        <p> Last updated on 2023-11-18 | 
         
         <a href="https://github.com/swcarpentry/r-novice-gapminder/edit/main/episodes/01-rstudio-intro.Rmd" class="external-link">Edit this page <i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="edit"></i></a></p>
         
@@ -539,8 +539,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 more information on indexing vectors, see <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting/index.html" class="external-link">Episode
 6: Subsetting Data</a>.</p>
 <p>If you type in an incomplete command, R will wait for you to complete
-it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize
-this<br>
+it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize this
 behavior from bash.</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -934,7 +933,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -970,7 +969,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <hr class="half-width"><p>One final thing to be aware of is that R is <em>vectorized</em>,
 meaning that variables and functions can have vectors as values. In
 contrast to physics and mathematics, a vector in R describes a set of
-values in a certain order of the same data type. For example</p>
+values in a certain order of the same data type. For example:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb47">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
 </h3>
@@ -1083,7 +1082,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
     }
     else all.names
 }
-&lt;bytecode: 0x55bec8f02a70&gt;
+&lt;bytecode: 0x55de69f00a80&gt;
 &lt;environment: namespace:base&gt;</code></pre>
 </div>
 <p>What’s going on here?</p>
@@ -1216,7 +1215,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1272,7 +1271,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1313,7 +1312,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1346,7 +1345,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1426,7 +1425,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1448,8 +1447,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/02-project-intro.html b/instructor/02-project-intro.html
index 7e6abeab1..cd7d0b3d1 100644
--- a/instructor/02-project-intro.html
+++ b/instructor/02-project-intro.html
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/02-project-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/03-seeking-help.html b/instructor/03-seeking-help.html
index eb8606b4a..f2258c796 100644
--- a/instructor/03-seeking-help.html
+++ b/instructor/03-seeking-help.html
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/03-seeking-help.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html b/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html
index 219a51016..aeab474c4 100644
--- a/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html
+++ b/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Discussion 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By keeping everything in a column the same, we allow ourselves to
 make simple assumptions about our data; if you can interpret one entry
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Tip 1.1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Show the content of any variable by typing its name.</p>
 <div class="section level3">
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Tip 1.2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In the chapter “Data types” we saw two functions that can show data
 types. One printed just a single word, the data type name. The other
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Tip 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Scroll up to the section about the <a href="#the-type-hierarchy">type
 hierarchy</a> to review the available data types</p>
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to Challenge 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul><li>Weight is expressed on a continuous scale (real numbers). The R data
 type for this is “double” (also known as “numeric”).</li>
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Tip 1.4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Revisit the hierarchy of data types when two different data types are
 combined.</p>
@@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Tip 1.5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The functions to convert data types start with <code>as.</code>. You
 can look for the function further up in the manuscript or use the
@@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb92">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution9">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9">
+<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>You get the names of an object by wrapping the object name inside
 <code>names(...)</code>. Similarly, you get the data type of the names
@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution10">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10">
+<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre><code><span><span class="va">letter_no</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">26</span>   <span class="co"># or seq(1,26)</span></span>
 <span><span class="fu">names</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">letter_no</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">LETTERS</span></span>
@@ -1863,7 +1863,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution11">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11">
+<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb138">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution12">
   Solution to Challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12">
+<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>What do you think will be the result of
 <code>length(matrix_example)</code>?</p>
@@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution13">
   Solution to Challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13">
+<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Make another matrix, this time containing the numbers 1:50, with 5
 columns and 10 rows. Did the <code>matrix</code> function fill your
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution14">
   Solution to Challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14">
+<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb173">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -2265,7 +2265,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution15">
   Solution to Challenge 9
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15">
+<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Consider the R output of the matrix below:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper">
@@ -2343,7 +2343,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -2366,7 +2366,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html b/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html
index 32a70b412..af4ffe2bd 100644
--- a/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html
+++ b/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb30">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul><li>
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html b/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
index 678b29d37..71edccda7 100644
--- a/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
+++ b/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
@@ -1938,7 +1938,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1961,7 +1961,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/07-control-flow.html b/instructor/07-control-flow.html
index 5928714b8..895453a89 100644
--- a/instructor/07-control-flow.html
+++ b/instructor/07-control-flow.html
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -954,7 +954,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
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       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/07-control-flow.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index 02b592ca0..ca5603806 100644
--- a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/09-vectorization.html b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
index f4737c273..6e2dcd42f 100644
--- a/instructor/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Let’s try this on the <code>pop</code> column of the
 <code>gapminder</code> dataset.</p>
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Refresh your plotting skills by plotting population in millions
 against year.</p>
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Given the following matrix:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb28">
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We’re interested in looking at the sum of the following sequence of
 fractions:</p>
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
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 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/09-vectorization.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
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diff --git a/instructor/10-functions.html b/instructor/10-functions.html
index ee89c10f9..ed54dc1c7 100644
--- a/instructor/10-functions.html
+++ b/instructor/10-functions.html
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/10-functions.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
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diff --git a/instructor/11-writing-data.html b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
index bdc0a6b5d..53c6d8a64 100644
--- a/instructor/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/11-writing-data.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
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diff --git a/instructor/12-plyr.html b/instructor/12-plyr.html
index bb5bcb8f5..dbd3a3ee5 100644
--- a/instructor/12-plyr.html
+++ b/instructor/12-plyr.html
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb12">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
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 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb21">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Alternative Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Answer 3 will calculate the average life expectancy per
 continent.</p>
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
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 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/12-plyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/13-dplyr.html b/instructor/13-dplyr.html
index 09314ab7c..8dc2bc59b 100644
--- a/instructor/13-dplyr.html
+++ b/instructor/13-dplyr.html
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
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 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
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 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
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@@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/13-dplyr.html",
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   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
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diff --git a/instructor/14-tidyr.html b/instructor/14-tidyr.html
index fe96b8614..94eae60ae 100644
--- a/instructor/14-tidyr.html
+++ b/instructor/14-tidyr.html
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/14-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
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diff --git a/instructor/15-knitr-markdown.html b/instructor/15-knitr-markdown.html
index 305756903..50b0e7e42 100644
--- a/instructor/15-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/instructor/15-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
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       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/15-knitr-markdown.html",
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   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
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diff --git a/instructor/16-wrap-up.html b/instructor/16-wrap-up.html
index ec83ba028..ec18a8cdc 100644
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+++ b/instructor/16-wrap-up.html
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Keypoints<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/16-wrap-up.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/404.html b/instructor/404.html
index 75b38a63d..1670eb891 100644
--- a/instructor/404.html
+++ b/instructor/404.html
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -419,8 +419,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index b6059dea3..96288ada4 100644
--- a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/LICENSE.html b/instructor/LICENSE.html
index 851ee3547..f37d6e663 100644
--- a/instructor/LICENSE.html
+++ b/instructor/LICENSE.html
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/aio.html b/instructor/aio.html
index 24d14692a..529fd4895 100644
--- a/instructor/aio.html
+++ b/instructor/aio.html
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
         
 <section id="aio-01-rstudio-intro"><p>Content from <a href="01-rstudio-intro.html">Introduction to R and RStudio</a></p>
 <hr>
-<p> Last updated on 2023-11-16 | 
+<p> Last updated on 2023-11-18 | 
         
         <a href="https://github.com/swcarpentry/r-novice-gapminder/edit/main/episodes/01-rstudio-intro.Rmd" class="external-link">Edit this page <i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="edit"></i></a></p>
 <p>Estimated time <i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="clock"></i> 55 minutes </p>
@@ -613,8 +613,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
 more information on indexing vectors, see <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting/index.html" class="external-link">Episode
 6: Subsetting Data</a>.</p>
 <p>If you type in an incomplete command, R will wait for you to complete
-it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize
-this<br>
+it. If you are familiar with Unix Shell’s bash, you may recognize this
 behavior from bash.</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1015,7 +1014,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -1052,7 +1051,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <p>One final thing to be aware of is that R is <em>vectorized</em>,
 meaning that variables and functions can have vectors as values. In
 contrast to physics and mathematics, a vector in R describes a set of
-values in a certain order of the same data type. For example</p>
+values in a certain order of the same data type. For example:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb47">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
 </h3>
@@ -1166,7 +1165,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">OUTPUT<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"><
     }
     else all.names
 }
-&lt;bytecode: 0x55bec8f02a70&gt;
+&lt;bytecode: 0x55de69f00a80&gt;
 &lt;environment: namespace:base&gt;</code></pre>
 </div>
 <p>What’s going on here?</p>
@@ -1302,7 +1301,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1358,7 +1357,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1399,7 +1398,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1432,7 +1431,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1739,7 +1738,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -2787,7 +2786,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Discussion 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By keeping everything in a column the same, we allow ourselves to
 make simple assumptions about our data; if you can interpret one entry
@@ -3019,7 +3018,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Tip 1.1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Show the content of any variable by typing its name.</p>
 <div class="section level3">
@@ -3054,7 +3053,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Tip 1.2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In the chapter “Data types” we saw two functions that can show data
 types. One printed just a single word, the data type name. The other
@@ -3098,7 +3097,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Tip 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Scroll up to the section about the <a href="#the-type-hierarchy">type
 hierarchy</a> to review the available data types</p>
@@ -3113,7 +3112,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to Challenge 1.3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul>
 <li>Weight is expressed on a continuous scale (real numbers). The R data
@@ -3149,7 +3148,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Tip 1.4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Revisit the hierarchy of data types when two different data types are
 combined.</p>
@@ -3190,7 +3189,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Tip 1.5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The functions to convert data types start with <code>as.</code>. You
 can look for the function further up in the manuscript or use the
@@ -3383,7 +3382,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb92">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -3615,7 +3614,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution9">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9">
+<div id="collapseSolution9" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution9" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution9">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>You get the names of an object by wrapping the object name inside
 <code>names(...)</code>. Similarly, you get the data type of the names
@@ -3662,7 +3661,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution10">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10">
+<div id="collapseSolution10" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution10" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution10">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre><code><span><span class="va">letter_no</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">26</span>   <span class="co"># or seq(1,26)</span></span>
 <span><span class="fu">names</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">letter_no</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">LETTERS</span></span>
@@ -3855,7 +3854,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution11">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11">
+<div id="collapseSolution11" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution11" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution11">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb138">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -4118,7 +4117,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution12">
   Solution to Challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12">
+<div id="collapseSolution12" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution12" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution12">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>What do you think will be the result of
 <code>length(matrix_example)</code>?</p>
@@ -4164,7 +4163,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution13">
   Solution to Challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13">
+<div id="collapseSolution13" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution13" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution13">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Make another matrix, this time containing the numbers 1:50, with 5
 columns and 10 rows. Did the <code>matrix</code> function fill your
@@ -4208,7 +4207,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution14">
   Solution to Challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14">
+<div id="collapseSolution14" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution14" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution14">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb173">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -4262,7 +4261,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution15">
   Solution to Challenge 9
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15">
+<div id="collapseSolution15" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution15" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution15">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Consider the R output of the matrix below:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper">
@@ -4642,7 +4641,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb30">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -4934,7 +4933,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -4996,7 +4995,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -5049,7 +5048,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul>
@@ -6853,7 +6852,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -7200,7 +7199,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -7286,7 +7285,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -7369,7 +7368,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -7420,7 +7419,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -8299,7 +8298,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Let’s try this on the <code>pop</code> column of the
 <code>gapminder</code> dataset.</p>
@@ -8351,7 +8350,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Refresh your plotting skills by plotting population in millions
 against year.</p>
@@ -8533,7 +8532,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Given the following matrix:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb28">
@@ -8618,7 +8617,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We’re interested in looking at the sum of the following sequence of
 fractions:</p>
@@ -10034,7 +10033,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb12">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10266,7 +10265,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb21">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10372,7 +10371,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Alternative Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Answer 3 will calculate the average life expectancy per
 continent.</p>
@@ -10650,7 +10649,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10785,7 +10784,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -11153,7 +11152,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -12122,7 +12121,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -12205,7 +12204,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -12297,7 +12296,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -12348,7 +12347,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
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diff --git a/instructor/discuss.html b/instructor/discuss.html
index 1a2746319..59e5a61ae 100644
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@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
         
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@@ -609,8 +609,8 @@ <h3 id="15-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
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diff --git a/instructor/index.html b/instructor/index.html
index 4deae4fc8..5ad96f2f2 100644
--- a/instructor/index.html
+++ b/instructor/index.html
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
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-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
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@@ -592,8 +592,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
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diff --git a/instructor/instructor-notes.html b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
index 6e9290790..1619b9b05 100644
--- a/instructor/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">BASH<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
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diff --git a/instructor/key-points.html b/instructor/key-points.html
index 5c874de8e..0f4b0ca57 100644
--- a/instructor/key-points.html
+++ b/instructor/key-points.html
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
         
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diff --git a/instructor/profiles.html b/instructor/profiles.html
index f939ea17b..a750f6eca 100644
--- a/instructor/profiles.html
+++ b/instructor/profiles.html
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
         
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-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
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@@ -369,8 +369,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
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-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
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diff --git a/instructor/reference.html b/instructor/reference.html
index 1eac9ca0a..731f18d1e 100644
--- a/instructor/reference.html
+++ b/instructor/reference.html
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
         
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-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
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index 09ced9fe1..881b9fbce 100644
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 "episodes/03-seeking-help.Rmd" "d24c310b8f36930e70379458f3c93461" "site/built/03-seeking-help.md" "2023-11-16"
 "episodes/04-data-structures-part1.Rmd" "5ec938f71a9cec633cef9329d214c3a0" "site/built/04-data-structures-part1.md" "2023-11-16"
diff --git a/pkgdown.yml b/pkgdown.yml
index 9eff1cf50..0fb1bbf7d 100644
--- a/pkgdown.yml
+++ b/pkgdown.yml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ pandoc: 2.19.2
 pkgdown: 2.0.7
 pkgdown_sha: ~
 articles: {}
-last_built: 2023-11-16T22:06Z
+last_built: 2023-11-18T14:12Z
 
diff --git a/profiles.html b/profiles.html
index fa3d41fdd..f0f5f2dbe 100644
--- a/profiles.html
+++ b/profiles.html
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "dateModified": "2023-11-18",
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/reference.html b/reference.html
index b75c4d172..f1f684d96 100644
--- a/reference.html
+++ b/reference.html
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
         
         <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="external-link">Template licensed under CC-BY 4.0</a> by <a href="https://carpentries.org" class="external-link">The Carpentries</a></p>
         <p>Built with <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/sandpaper/tree/0.14.1" class="external-link">sandpaper (0.14.1)</a>,
-        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.1" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.1)</a>,
+        <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/pegboard/tree/0.7.2" class="external-link">pegboard (0.7.2)</a>,
       and <a href="https://github.com/carpentries/varnish/tree/0.3.3" class="external-link">varnish (0.3.3)</a>.</p>
 			</div>
 		</footer></div> <!-- / div.container -->
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/reference.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2023-11-16",
-  "datePublished": "2023-11-16"
+  "datePublished": "2023-11-18"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/renv.lock b/renv.lock
index e7d643c03..b5e8065a8 100644
--- a/renv.lock
+++ b/renv.lock
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     },
     "Matrix": {
       "Package": "Matrix",
-      "Version": "1.6-1",
+      "Version": "1.6-1.1",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
         "stats",
         "utils"
       ],
-      "Hash": "cb6855ac711958ca734b75e631b2035d"
+      "Hash": "1a00d4828f33a9d690806e98bd17150c"
     },
     "R6": {
       "Package": "R6",
@@ -288,26 +288,26 @@
     },
     "evaluate": {
       "Package": "evaluate",
-      "Version": "0.21",
+      "Version": "0.23",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "R",
         "methods"
       ],
-      "Hash": "d59f3b464e8da1aef82dc04b588b8dfb"
+      "Hash": "daf4a1246be12c1fa8c7705a0935c1a0"
     },
     "fansi": {
       "Package": "fansi",
-      "Version": "1.0.4",
+      "Version": "1.0.5",
       "Source": "Repository",
-      "Repository": "RSPM",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "R",
         "grDevices",
         "utils"
       ],
-      "Hash": "1d9e7ad3c8312a192dea7d3db0274fde"
+      "Hash": "3e8583a60163b4bc1a80016e63b9959e"
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     "farver": {
       "Package": "farver",
@@ -359,9 +359,9 @@
     },
     "ggplot2": {
       "Package": "ggplot2",
-      "Version": "3.4.3",
+      "Version": "3.4.4",
       "Source": "Repository",
-      "Repository": "RSPM",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "MASS",
         "R",
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
         "vctrs",
         "withr"
       ],
-      "Hash": "85846544c596e71f8f46483ab165da33"
+      "Hash": "313d31eff2274ecf4c1d3581db7241f9"
     },
     "glue": {
       "Package": "glue",
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
     },
     "htmltools": {
       "Package": "htmltools",
-      "Version": "0.5.6",
+      "Version": "0.5.7",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
         "rlang",
         "utils"
       ],
-      "Hash": "a2326a66919a3311f7fbb1e3bf568283"
+      "Hash": "2d7b3857980e0e0d0a1fd6f11928ab0f"
     },
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       "Package": "htmlwidgets",
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@
     },
     "knitr": {
       "Package": "knitr",
-      "Version": "1.43",
+      "Version": "1.45",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@
         "xfun",
         "yaml"
       ],
-      "Hash": "9775eb076713f627c07ce41d8199d8f6"
+      "Hash": "1ec462871063897135c1bcbe0fc8f07d"
     },
     "labeling": {
       "Package": "labeling",
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
     },
     "lattice": {
       "Package": "lattice",
-      "Version": "0.21-8",
+      "Version": "0.22-5",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
         "stats",
         "utils"
       ],
-      "Hash": "0b8a6d63c8770f02a8b5635f3c431e6b"
+      "Hash": "7c5e89f04e72d6611c77451f6331a091"
     },
     "lifecycle": {
       "Package": "lifecycle",
@@ -689,21 +689,24 @@
     },
     "plyr": {
       "Package": "plyr",
-      "Version": "1.8.8",
+      "Version": "1.8.9",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "R",
         "Rcpp"
       ],
-      "Hash": "d744387aef9047b0b48be2933d78e862"
+      "Hash": "6b8177fd19982f0020743fadbfdbd933"
     },
     "prettyunits": {
       "Package": "prettyunits",
-      "Version": "1.1.1",
+      "Version": "1.2.0",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
-      "Hash": "95ef9167b75dde9d2ccc3c7528393e7e"
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "6b01fc98b1e86c4f705ce9dcfd2f57c7"
     },
     "progress": {
       "Package": "progress",
@@ -768,28 +771,28 @@
     },
     "renv": {
       "Package": "renv",
-      "Version": "1.0.2",
+      "Version": "1.0.3",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "utils"
       ],
-      "Hash": "4b22ac016fe54028b88d0c68badbd061"
+      "Hash": "41b847654f567341725473431dd0d5ab"
     },
     "rlang": {
       "Package": "rlang",
-      "Version": "1.1.1",
+      "Version": "1.1.2",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "R",
         "utils"
       ],
-      "Hash": "a85c767b55f0bf9b7ad16c6d7baee5bb"
+      "Hash": "50a6dbdc522936ca35afc5e2082ea91b"
     },
     "rmarkdown": {
       "Package": "rmarkdown",
-      "Version": "2.24",
+      "Version": "2.25",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
@@ -809,7 +812,7 @@
         "xfun",
         "yaml"
       ],
-      "Hash": "3854c37590717c08c32ec8542a2e0a35"
+      "Hash": "d65e35823c817f09f4de424fcdfa812a"
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     "rstudioapi": {
       "Package": "rstudioapi",
@@ -940,13 +943,13 @@
     },
     "tinytex": {
       "Package": "tinytex",
-      "Version": "0.46",
+      "Version": "0.48",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "xfun"
       ],
-      "Hash": "0c41a73214d982f539c56a7773c7afa5"
+      "Hash": "8f96d229b7311beb32b94cf413b13f84"
     },
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       "Package": "tzdb",
@@ -961,17 +964,17 @@
     },
     "utf8": {
       "Package": "utf8",
-      "Version": "1.2.3",
+      "Version": "1.2.4",
       "Source": "Repository",
-      "Repository": "RSPM",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "R"
       ],
-      "Hash": "1fe17157424bb09c48a8b3b550c753bc"
+      "Hash": "62b65c52671e6665f803ff02954446e9"
     },
     "vctrs": {
       "Package": "vctrs",
-      "Version": "0.6.3",
+      "Version": "0.6.4",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
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@@ -981,7 +984,7 @@
         "lifecycle",
         "rlang"
       ],
-      "Hash": "d0ef2856b83dc33ea6e255caf6229ee2"
+      "Hash": "266c1ca411266ba8f365fcc726444b87"
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@@ -1026,7 +1029,7 @@
     },
     "vroom": {
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-      "Version": "1.6.3",
+      "Version": "1.6.4",
       "Source": "Repository",
       "Repository": "CRAN",
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@@ -1048,31 +1051,31 @@
         "vctrs",
         "withr"
       ],
-      "Hash": "8318e64ffb3a70e652494017ec455561"
+      "Hash": "9db52c1656cf19c124f93124ea57f0fd"
     },
     "withr": {
       "Package": "withr",
-      "Version": "2.5.0",
+      "Version": "2.5.2",
       "Source": "Repository",
-      "Repository": "RSPM",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
         "R",
         "grDevices",
         "graphics",
         "stats"
       ],
-      "Hash": "c0e49a9760983e81e55cdd9be92e7182"
+      "Hash": "4b25e70111b7d644322e9513f403a272"
     },
     "xfun": {
       "Package": "xfun",
-      "Version": "0.40",
+      "Version": "0.41",
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       "Repository": "CRAN",
       "Requirements": [
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         "tools"
       ],
-      "Hash": "be07d23211245fc7d4209f54c4e4ffc8"
+      "Hash": "460a5e0fe46a80ef87424ad216028014"
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