Python Syntax

1. Hello World

print("Hello World")

print("1 first statement", end=" ")
print("1 second statement")

print("2 first statement", "2 second statement")

print("tan \nis good\t hi")
print("\"")

2. Comments

# This is a single line comment

""" This is a 
multiline comment """

3. Data Types

a = 1
b = 6.7
c = "word"
d = True
e = None

print(a, type(a))
print(b, type(b))
print(c, type(c))
print(d, type(d))
print(e, type(e))

var1 = 14
var2 = 76
var3 = "45"
var4 = "105"
print(var1 + var2)
print(var3 + var4)
print(str(14) + str(76))
print(10 * var3)

"""
Output:- 

1 <class 'int'>
6.7 <class 'float'>
word <class 'str'>
True <class 'bool'>
None <class 'NoneType'>
90
45105
1476
45454545454545454545
"""

4. User Input

a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
b = int(input("Enter another number: "))
print(a+b)

5. String

mystr = "This is a string"
print(len(mystr))
print(mystr)
print(mystr[4])
print(mystr[2:7])
print(mystr[2:9:2])
print(mystr[::])
print(mystr[::-1])
print(mystr.endswith("ing"))
print(mystr.count("i"))
print(mystr.capitalize())
print(mystr.upper())
print(mystr.lower())

"""
Output:- 

16
This is a string
 
is is
i sa
This is a string
gnirts a si sihT
True
3
This is a string
THIS IS A STRING
this is a string
"""

6. List and Tuple

mylst = ["Tanmay", "Tejas", "Parth", "Viraj"]
mynum = [5, 2, 6, 87, 1, 4]
print(mylst)
print(mylst[3])
print(mylst[0:3])
print(mynum)
mynum.sort()
mynum.reverse()
print(mynum)
print(min(mynum))
mynum.append(7)
print(mynum)
mynum.remove(6)
mynum.pop()
print(mynum)

mytp = (1, 6, 7)
print(type(mytp))

"""
Output:- 

['Tanmay', 'Tejas', 'Parth', 'Viraj']
Viraj
['Tanmay', 'Tejas', 'Parth']
[5, 2, 6, 87, 1, 4]
[87, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1]
1
[87, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 7]
[87, 5, 4, 2, 1]
<class 'tuple'>
"""

7. Dictionary

mydc = {
   "Tanmay": "Python",
   "Tejas": "C#",
   "Atharva": "C",
   "Yash": "C++",
   "nums": {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
}
print(mydc)
print(mydc["Tanmay"])
mydc["Viraj"] = "AutoCAD"
print(mydc["nums"]["one"])
print(mydc)
del mydc["Atharva"]
print(mydc)
ydc = mydc.copy()
print(ydc.items())

"""
Output:- 

{'Tanmay': 'Python', 'Tejas': 'C#', 'Atharva': 'C', 'Yash': 'C++', 'nums': {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}}
Python
1
{'Tanmay': 'Python', 'Tejas': 'C#', 'Atharva': 'C', 'Yash': 'C++', 'nums': {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}, 'Viraj': 'AutoCAD'}
{'Tanmay': 'Python', 'Tejas': 'C#', 'Yash': 'C++', 'nums': {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}, 'Viraj': 'AutoCAD'}
dict_items([('Tanmay', 'Python'), ('Tejas', 'C#'), ('Yash', 'C++'), ('nums', {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}), ('Viraj', 'AutoCAD')])
"""

8. Sets

st1 = {2, 3, 4, 5}
st2 = {5, 6, 7}
st2.add(8)
print(st1, st2)
st3 = st1.intersection(st2)
print(st3)

"""
Output:- 

{2, 3, 4, 5} {8, 5, 6, 7}
{5}
"""

9. Conditions

val = int(input("Enter your age: "))
if val < 18:
    print("You cant drive")
elif val >= 18:
    print("You can drive")
else:
    print("Go to hell")

intp = int(input("Enter num: "))
print("Less") if intp <= 100 else print("Great")

"""
Output:- 

Enter your age: 12
You cant drive
Enter num: 34
Less
"""

10. Loops

friend = ["Viraj", "Parth", "Sandeep", "Rohan", "Vaishnav"]
nums = [["one", 1], ["two", 2], ["three", 3], ["four", 4]]
dict1 = dict(nums)
for name in friend:
    print(name)
for word, num in nums:
    print(word, num)
for word, num in dict1.items():
    print(word, num)
for i in range(0,10):
    print(i)
m = 0
while m < 10:
    print(m)
    m += 1

"""
Output:- 

Viraj
Parth
Sandeep
Rohan
Vaishnav
one 1
two 2
three 3
four 4
one 1
two 2
three 3
four 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
"""

11. Break and Continue

i=0
while(True):
    if i < 5:
        i+=1
        continue
    print(i)
    if i==44:
        break
    i+=1

"""
Output:- 

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
"""

12. Operators

# Arithmetic
print(4+5)
print(8-6)
print(9/3)
print(5*2)
print(5//2)
print(5%2)
print(2**2)

# assignment
x = 5
x+=5
print(x)

# Comparison
print(5==5)

# Logical
a = True
b = False
print(a and b)

# identity
print(a is not b)

# membership
lst = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
print(5 in lst)

# bitwise
a = 0
b = 1
print(a&b)
print(a|b)

"""
Output:- 

9
2
3.0
10
2
1
4
10
True
False
True
True
0
1
"""

13. Functions

def add(a:int, b:int):
    """Addition function"""
    c = a+b
    return c

print(add(4, 5))
print(add.__doc__)

"""
Output:- 

9
Addition function
"""

Exception Handling

try:
    a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    b = int(input("Enter another number: "))
    print(a+b)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

"""
Output:- 

Enter a number: r
invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'r'
"""

15. File Handling

f = open("15_file.txt", 'r')
content = f.read(19)
print(content)
content = f.read(10)
print(content)
f.close()

f = open("15_file.txt", 'r')
for l in f:
    print(l, end="")
f.close()

f = open("15_file.txt", 'r')
print(f.readline())
print(f.readline())
f.close()

f = open("15_file.txt", 'a')
f.write("\nHello\n")
f.close()

f = open("15_file.txt", 'r')
print(f.tell())
print(f.readline())
print(f.tell())
f.seek(0)
print(f.tell())
f.close()

with open("15_file.txt") as f:
    print(f.read())

16. Global Variables

def tan():
    x = 20
    def rock():
        global x
        x = 40
        print(x)
    print(x)
    rock()

tan()

"""
Output:- 

20
40
"""

17. Recursion

def factorial(n):
    if n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return n * factorial(n-1)

print(factorial(5))

18. Lambda

add = lambda a,b : a+b
print(add(5, 6))

19. Fstring

a = 10
print(f"statement {a}")

20. Args and Kwargs

def myfunc(normal, *args , **kwargs):
    print(normal)
    for i in args:
        print(i)
    for key , value in kwargs.items():
        print(key, value)
    
normal = "Tanmay"
args = ["Pizza", "Burgar", "Samosa", "Vada Pav", "Missal", "Dosa"]
kwargs = {
    "Tanmay": "Python",
    "Tejas": "C#",
    "Viraj": "AutoCAD",
    "Yash": "C++",
    "Atharva": "C" 
}

myfunc(normal, *args, **kwargs)

"""
Output:- 

Tanmay
Pizza
Burgar
Samosa
Vada Pav
Missal
Dosa
Tanmay Python
Tejas C#
Viraj AutoCAD
Yash C++
Atharva C
"""

21. Enumerate

lst = ["Pizza", "Burger", "Vada Pav", "Biryani", "Samosa"]

for index, item in enumerate(lst):
    if index%2==0:
        print(item)

"""
Output:- 

Pizza
Vada Pav
Samosa
"""

22. Join

lst = ["Pizza", "Burger", "Vada Pav", "Biryani", "Samosa"]
print(" , ".join(lst))

"""
Output:-

Pizza , Burger , Vada Pav , Biryani , Samosa
"""

23. Map, Filter and Reduce

# Map
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
sq = list(map(lambda x: x*x, nums))
print(sq)

# Filter
num1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ,7, 8, 9]
nlst = list(filter(lambda x: x>5, num1))
print(nlst)

# Reduce
from functools import reduce
num2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
nlst2 = reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, num2)
print(nlst2)

"""
Output:- 

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49]
[6, 7, 8, 9]
15
"""

24. Decorators

def dec1(func):
    def nowexec():
        print("Module starting")
        func()
        print("Ending")
    return nowexec

@dec1
def command():
    print("This is a test command")

command()

"""
Module starting
This is a test command
Ending
"""

25. Classes

class Student:
    pass

tanmay = Student()
viraj = Student()

tanmay.std = 12
tanmay.age = 18
print(tanmay.age)

"""
Output:- 

18
"""

26. Constructor

class Employee:
    def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.salary = salary
    def printdetails(self):
        print(f"{self.name} {self.age} {self.salary}")
emp1 = Employee("Tanmay", 27, 56000)
emp1.printdetails()

"""
Output:-

Tanmay 27 56000
"""

27. Classmethod

class Employee:
    no_of_leaves = 5
    def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.salary = salary
    def printdetails(self):
        print(f"{self.name} {self.age} {self.salary}")
    @classmethod
    def changeleaves(cls, leaves):
        cls.no_of_leaves = leaves
emp1 = Employee("Tanmay", 27, 56000)
emp1.printdetails()
print(emp1.no_of_leaves)
emp1.changeleaves(45)
print(emp1.no_of_leaves)

"""
Output:- 

Tanmay 27 56000
5
45
"""

28. Staticmethod

class Employee:
    no_of_leaves = 5
    def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.salary = salary
    def printdetails(self):
        print(f"{self.name} {self.age} {self.salary}")
    @classmethod
    def changeleaves(cls, leaves):
        cls.no_of_leaves = leaves
    @staticmethod
    def printsom(val):
        print("This is a " + val)
emp1 = Employee("Tanmay", 27, 56000)
emp1.printdetails()
print(emp1.no_of_leaves)
emp1.changeleaves(45)
print(emp1.no_of_leaves)
Employee.printsom("Statement")

"""
Output:- 

Tanmay 27 56000
5
45
This is a Statement
"""

29. Single Inheritance

class Employee:
    def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.salary = salary
    def printdetails(self):
        print(f"{self.name} {self.age} {self.salary}")
class Programmer(Employee):
    pass
prog1 = Programmer("Tanmay", 18, None)
prog1.printdetails()

"""
Output:- 

Tanmay 18 None
"""

30. Multiple Inheritance

class Employee:
    def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.salary = salary
    def printdetails(self):
        print(f"{self.name} {self.age} {self.salary}")
class Programmer:
     def __init__(self, name, language):
         self.name = name
         self.language = language
class CoolGuy(Employee, Programmer):
    pass
a = CoolGuy("Tanmay", 16, None)
a.printdetails()

"""
Output:-

Tanmay 16 None
"""

31. Multilevel Inheritance

class Grandfather:
    def def1(self):
        print("grandfather")
class Father(Grandfather):
    def def2(self):
        print("father")
class Son(Father):
    def def3(self):
        print("son")
obj = Son()
obj.def1()
obj.def2()
obj.def3()

"""
Output:-

grandfather
father
son
"""

32. Access Modifier

class Employee:
    var = 34
    _myprotec = 5
    __protected = 45
obj = Employee()
print(obj.var)
print(obj._myprotec)
print(obj._Employee__protected)

"""
Output:-

34
5
45
tan
"""

33. Super init

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.var1 = "class A var1"
        self.var2 = "class A var2"
class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
obj = B()
print(obj.var1)

"""
Output:-

class A var1
"""

34. Diamond Inheritance

class A:
    def met(self):
        print("A")
class B(A):
    def met(self):
        print("B")
class C(A):
    def met(self):
        print("C")
class D(B, C):
    def met(self):
        print("D")
a = A()
b = B()
c = C()
d = D()
d.met()

"""
Ouput:- 

D
"""

35. Overloading

class complex:
    def __init__(self, real, imag):
        self.real = real
        self.imag = imag
    def __add__(self, other):
        real = self.real + other.real
        imag = self.imag + other.imag
        return f"{real} + ({imag})i"
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"{self.real} + ({self.imag})i"
obj1 = complex(4, 5)
obj2 = complex(5, 4)
print(obj1 + obj2)
print(obj1)

"""
Ouput:-

9 + (9)i
4 + (5)i
"""

36. Abstract Class

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def printarea():
        return 0
class Rectangle(Shape):
    def printarea():
        return 0
obj = Rectangle()

37. Generator

def gen(n):
    for i in range(n):
        yield i
g = gen(34)
print(g.__next__())
print(g.__next__())
print(g.__next__())

"""
Output:-

0
1
2
"""

38. Comprehension

print([i for i in range(100) if i%3 == 0])
print({i:f"item{i}" for i in range(1000) if i%100==0})

"""
Output:-

[0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99]
{0: 'item0', 100: 'item100', 200: 'item200', 300: 'item300', 400: 'item400', 500: 'item500', 600: 'item600', 700: 'item700', 800: 'item800', 900: 'item900'}
"""

Files

readme.md

Latest commit

History

readme.md

File metadata and controls

Python Syntax

1. Hello World

2. Comments

3. Data Types

4. User Input

5. String

6. List and Tuple

7. Dictionary

8. Sets

9. Conditions

10. Loops

11. Break and Continue

12. Operators

13. Functions

Exception Handling

15. File Handling

16. Global Variables

17. Recursion

18. Lambda

19. Fstring

20. Args and Kwargs

21. Enumerate

22. Join

23. Map, Filter and Reduce

24. Decorators

25. Classes

26. Constructor

27. Classmethod

28. Staticmethod

29. Single Inheritance

30. Multiple Inheritance

31. Multilevel Inheritance

32. Access Modifier

33. Super init

34. Diamond Inheritance

35. Overloading

36. Abstract Class

37. Generator

38. Comprehension