I need to learn with WinAPI....

[DeafMan1983]

Hello I am here now.

I axam about initial MessageBox() inside WinMain().
Now I expect that WinAPI is very harder than X11 because I have learned with X11 or Gtk3/4.

For X11 has many seperated libaries like X11, Xext, XRender, Xaw etc..
But It is funny that Xt is like WinAPI and it has too many private functions for C#.

How do I find good tutorial for WinAPI? Like books or online documentations?

I made initial test with WinAPI. Why does it shows Chinese or Japanese Language?
I am in Germany here. Why did I get Chinese or Japanese?

I know far but why does WinAPI have built sometimes features like HMenu, HButton or HDialog or HBrush etc...

namespace DeafMan1983.Examples.WinAPI;

using TerraFX.Interop.Windows;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.Windows;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.WM;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.WS;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.SW;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.CS;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.IDC;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.IDI;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.PAINTSTRUCT;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

unsafe class Program
{
    static string DesktopAppStr = "DesktopApp";
    static string TitleStr = "Windows Desktop Guided Tour Application";
    static HINSTANCE hInst;
    static int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hInstPrev, sbyte* cmdline, int nCmdShow)
    {
        fixed (char* szWindowClass = DesktopAppStr)
        fixed (char* szTitle = TitleStr)
        fixed (char* registerClassErrorMsg = "Call to RegisterClassEx failed!")
        fixed (char* msgboxTitle = "Windows Desktop Guided Tour")
        fixed (char* createWindowFailedMsg = "Call to CreateWindow failed!")
        {
            var wcex = new WNDCLASSEXW
            {
                cbSize = (uint)sizeof(WNDCLASSEXA),
                style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW,
                lpfnWndProc = &WndProc,
                cbClsExtra = 0,
                cbWndExtra = 0,
                hInstance = hInstance
            };
            wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);
            wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(HINSTANCE.NULL, IDC_ARROW);
            wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(5 + 1);
            wcex.lpszMenuName = null;
            wcex.lpszClassName = (char*)szWindowClass;
            wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

            if (RegisterClassEx(&wcex) == 0)
            {
                MessageBox(HWND.NULL,
                   registerClassErrorMsg,
                   msgboxTitle,
                   0);

                return 1;
            }

            hInst = hInstance;

            HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
                WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                (char*)szWindowClass,
                (char*)szTitle,
                WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                500, 100,
                HWND.NULL,
                HMENU.NULL,
                hInstance,
                null
            );

            if (hWnd == HWND.NULL)
            {
                MessageBox(HWND.NULL,
                    createWindowFailedMsg,
                    msgboxTitle,
                    0);

                return 1;
            }

            ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
            UpdateWindow(hWnd);

            MSG msg;
            while (GetMessage(&msg, HWND.NULL, 0, 0))
            {
                TranslateMessage(&msg);
                DispatchMessage(&msg);
            }

            return (int)msg.wParam;
        }
    }
    static int Main(string[] args)
    {
        hInst = GetModuleHandleW(null);
        return WinMain(hInst, HINSTANCE.NULL, null, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
    }

    [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
    static LRESULT WndProc(HWND hWnd, uint message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
        fixed (char* greeting = "Hello, Windows desktop!")
        {
            switch (message)
            {
                case WM_PAINT:
                    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

                    TextOut(hdc,
                       5, 5,
                       greeting, "Hello, Windows desktop!".Length);
                    EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
                    break;
                case WM_DESTROY:
                    PostQuitMessage(0);
                    break;
                default:
                    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }

            return 0;
        }
    }

}

It looks beautifully.

Kind regards

[DeafMan1983]

[tannergooding]

You've called RegisterClassEx and not RegisterClass as the sample does. WNDCLASSEX has additional fields, notably cbSize, which must be set to the correct value.

Thus RegisterClassEx is returning 0, indicating a failure and getlasterror would provide the info that the input is wrong.

[DeafMan1983]

Yeaaahh I am very excited to my own UTF16 converter :D

I would like to support your own char* - string converter

I give you nice own 3 functions for CharPointerToString(), StringToCharPointer() and CharPointerLength()

Please do not forget to put my credit!
And It works fine like String UTF8 to CharPointer UTF16

See Nuget Package DeafMan1983.Utilities PS Please remove my copyrighted sourtce thank you!

For Example I have replaced fixed statements to normal converter-functions

namespace WinAPP;

using static DeafMan1983.Utilities.UtilitiesForUTF16;
using TerraFX.Interop.Windows;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.Windows;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.WM;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.WS;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.SW;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.CS;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.IDC;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.IDI;
using static TerraFX.Interop.Windows.PAINTSTRUCT;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

unsafe class Program
{
    static string DesktopAppStr = "DesktopApp";
    static string TitleStr = "Windows Desktop Guided Tour Application";
    static string CreateWindowFailureMessage = "Call to CreateWindow failed!";
    static string RegisterClassFailureMessage = "Call to RegisterClassEx failed!";
    static string MessageBoxTitle = "Windows Desktop Guided Tour";
    static HINSTANCE hInst;
    static int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hInstPrev, sbyte* cmdline, int nCmdShow)
    {
        var wcex = new WNDCLASSEXW
        {
            cbSize = (uint)sizeof(WNDCLASSEXA),
            style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW,
            lpfnWndProc = &WndProc,
            cbClsExtra = 0,
            cbWndExtra = 0,
            hInstance = hInstance
        };
        wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);
        wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(HINSTANCE.NULL, IDC_ARROW);
        wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(5 + 1);
        wcex.lpszMenuName = null;
        wcex.lpszClassName = StringToCharPointer(DesktopAppStr);
        wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

        if (RegisterClassEx(&wcex) == 0)
        {
            MessageBox(HWND.NULL,
                StringToCharPointer(RegisterClassFailureMessage),
                StringToCharPointer(MessageBoxTitle),
                0);

            return 1;
        }

        hInst = hInstance;

        HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
            WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            StringToCharPointer(DesktopAppStr),
            StringToCharPointer(TitleStr),
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
            500, 100,
            HWND.NULL,
            HMENU.NULL,
            hInstance,
            null
        );

        if (hWnd == HWND.NULL)
        {
            MessageBox(HWND.NULL,
                StringToCharPointer(CreateWindowFailureMessage),
                StringToCharPointer(MessageBoxTitle),
                0);

            return 1;
        }

        ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
        UpdateWindow(hWnd);

        MSG msg;
        while (GetMessage(&msg, HWND.NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }

        return (int)msg.wParam;
    }
    static int Main(string[] args)
    {
        hInst = GetModuleHandleW(null);
        return WinMain(hInst, HINSTANCE.NULL, null, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
    }

    [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
    static LRESULT WndProc(HWND hWnd, uint message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
        string MessageGreeting = "Hello, Windows desktop!";
        switch (message)
        {
            case WM_PAINT:
                hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

                TextOut(hdc,
                    5, 5,
                    StringToCharPointer(MessageGreeting), CharPointerLength(StringToCharPointer(MessageGreeting)));
                EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
                break;
            case WM_DESTROY:
                PostQuitMessage(0);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
        }

        return 0;
    }
}

Enjoy your relief and happy Pentecost/Whitsun!