Postgres-XL Docker

Postgres-XL Docker is a container image for Postgres-XL, the scalable open-source PostgreSQL-based database cluster.

The images allow for arbitrary database cluster topologies, allowing GTM, GTM Proxy, Coordinator, and Datanode nodes to be created and added as desired. Each service runs in its own container, communicating over a backend network. Coordinator nodes also connect to a frontend network.

Previously, Postgres-XL Docker used pgxc_ctl for initialisation and control, running SSH servers as well as database services. This has now been completely redesigned to run database services directly without SSH, initialising using included helper scripts, and allowing full flexibility with regard to cluster topologies. The pgxc_ctl binary is no longer included in the image, since the recommended Postgres-XL Docker workflow is to not use it.

Usage

Instructions are for running on Docker using Docker Compose. It should be possible to boot an entire Postgres-XL cluster using these instructions. For running on Docker Swarm, you'll likely have to make minor tweaks. Please wave if something isn't clear or you have questions when doing this.

It seems some people think that the way to use Postgres-XL Docker is to build it themselves from the Compose file. This is not the case; the images are published to Docker Hub, and those should normally be used instead. There's no need to compile this locally, unless you actually want to develop Postgres-XL Docker (or possibly Postgres-XL) itself. The supplied docker-compose.image.yml provides an example of how to do this; however, note that the latest tag is for testing and caching only; if you install a production database using latest or no tag at all, then you are doing it wrong, and your production will break at some point in the future. You have been warned. :)

Note that the pg_hba.conf written is wide-open for any user on the backend network; if you use this method, be sure that you trust all users on that network, and isolate client connections using a frontend network. Alternatively, you might like to configure ident or md5, edit pg_hba.conf yourself, or not use the provided init.sh helper scripts.

These instructions, along with the provided docker-compose.yml file, create:

• 1 GTM (master) (gtm_1)
• 2 Coordinators (master) (coord_1, coord_2)
• 2 Datanodes (master) (data_1, data_2)

                                 --------------
                                 |   gtm_1    |
                                 --------------
                                / |          | \
                              /   |          |   \
                            /     |          |     \
                          /       |          |       \
                        /         |          |         \
                      /           |          |           \
                    /             |          |             \
                  /               |          |               \
                /       ------------        ------------      \
               |        | coord_1  |        | coord_2  |       |
               |        ------------        ------------       |
               |       /             \    /             \      |
               |     /                 \/                 \    |
         ------------      ------------/\------------      ------------
         |  data_1  |     /                          \     |  data_2  |
         ------------ ----                            ---- ------------

Other topologies are possible; you likely only need to edit docker-compose.yml, potentially setting additional environment variables.

Build

Clone repository. Pull source with git submodule update --init --recursive. Edit docker-compose.yml to reflect the desired topology.

Build services by bringing them up.

docker-compose up

This will create backend (db_a) and frontend (db_b) networks.

Clustering (Automatically)

Prepare an example cluster locally, using the provided example init script. This is not designed for production. Instead, configure by hand using whichever orchestrator you use, or write your own scripts.

bin/init-eg

Clustering (Swarm; Automatically)

If you're running on Docker Swarm, you can use the provided example docker-compose.stack.yml as a starting point, deploying with docker stack deploy, along with the init script. Note that the example makes various assumptions, such as that the Swarm node is a manager, that it is tagged with grp=dbxl, and that db_a has a lower subnet than db_b (which might or might not happen automatically; create the networks manually, if you're having trouble).

bin/init-eg-swarm STACK_NAME

Note there are various caveats to using this, which you can read about in detail here:

• #27
• #28

Clustering (Kubernetes; Automatically)

Please keep in mind:

1. So as docker stack doesn't support depends_on option, it may cause errors until GTM node will be loaded.
2. Scripts below are using kubectl to execute commands on the K8s cluster.

# TO UP
docker stack deploy --orchestrator=kubernetes --namespace=default -c docker-compose.stack.yml pxl_stack
# After you deployed pxl_stack, you need to initialize it (if it didn't do early or you purged PVC)
./bin/init-eg-stack

# TO DOWN
docker stack rm --orchestrator=kubernetes pxl_stack
# Keep in mind that Persistent volumes (PVC) are NOT Docker volumes
# If you want to purge that, you can to remove !!! ALL !!! PVC 👇
kubectl delete pvc --all
# To show all volumes use 👇
kubectl get pv

# TO PORT FORWARD
kubectl port-forward <NAME-OF-POD> 5432:5432
# Also Kubernetes will make port-forwarding. You can find localhost port below 👇
kubectl get service

# TO GET INFO
kubectl get all
# or
docker stack ps --orchestrator=kubernetes pxl_stack

# TO GET LOGS
kubectl describe pod db-data-2-0
kubectl logs db-data-2-0

# TO DEBUG
kubectl exec db-gtm-1-0 -i -t -- bash -il
# Where instead ☝️ db-gtm-1-0 may be used db-coord-1-0, db-coord-2-0, db-data-1-0, db-data-2-0
# If you wanna run psql inside container, I suggest to add /usr/local/lib/postgresql/bin to $PATH var
PATH=/usr/local/lib/postgresql/bin/:${PATH}

Pgpool

Also you can add pgpool load balacer to the solution. It needs to make base enter point to database cluster and load balansing between coordinators. It sees cordinators nodes. For that:

1. Download pgpool.conf from gist.

2. Add these strings below to a docker-compose file

     pgpool:
       image: smirart/pgpool:latest
       ports:
         - "5432:5432"
       volumes:
         - ./pgpool.conf:/etc/pgpool/pgpool.conf
       restart: always
       networks:
         - db-b
   

You can build your own pgpool image, otherwise use the prebuild image smirart/pgpool:latest.

As pgpool alternativity you can use HAProxy.

Clustering (Manually)

Prepare a clustering query, able to be executed on each node. Simplest is to use the same query for each node, open psql for each, and paste it into each. If you do this rather than crafting each line separately, expect some lines to error.

On coordinators and datanodes:

ALTER NODE data_1 WITH (TYPE = 'datanode');
ALTER NODE data_2 WITH (TYPE = 'datanode');
CREATE NODE coord_1 WITH (TYPE = 'coordinator', HOST = 'db_coord_1', PORT = 5432);
CREATE NODE coord_2 WITH (TYPE = 'coordinator', HOST = 'db_coord_2', PORT = 5432);
CREATE NODE data_1  WITH (TYPE = 'datanode',    HOST = 'db_data_1',  PORT = 5432);
CREATE NODE data_2  WITH (TYPE = 'datanode',    HOST = 'db_data_2',  PORT = 5432);
SELECT pgxc_pool_reload();

The ALTER lines fix the datanodes to have the correct types within the cluster. The CREATE lines specify the cluster topology, but the line for the localhost will fail. The pgxc_pool_reload() reloads the configuration.

Optionally, set preferred nodes. This could be a good idea if you've constrained nodes to run on specific hosts. For example, if you run coord_1 and data_1 on the same physical host, you might like to run this to ensure cross-network traffic is minimised.

On coord_1:

ALTER NODE data_1 WITH (PRIMARY, PREFERRED);
SELECT pgxc_pool_reload();

On coord_2:

ALTER NODE data_2 WITH (PRIMARY, PREFERRED);
SELECT pgxc_pool_reload();

View the topologies on each node:

SELECT * FROM pgxc_node;

Testing

Test the cluster using the instructions provided in https://www.postgres-xl.org/documentation/tutorial-createcluster.html.

For example, based on those instructions:

On a coordinator:

CREATE TABLE disttab (col1 int, col2 int, col3 text) DISTRIBUTE BY HASH(col1);
\d+ disttab
CREATE TABLE repltab (col1 int, col2 int) DISTRIBUTE BY REPLICATION;
\d+ repltab
INSERT INTO disttab SELECT generate_series(1, 100), generate_series(101, 200), 'foo';
INSERT INTO repltab SELECT generate_series(1, 100), generate_series(101, 200);
SELECT count(*) FROM disttab;
SELECT xc_node_id, count(*) FROM disttab GROUP BY xc_node_id;
SELECT count(*) FROM repltab;
SELECT xc_node_id, count(*) FROM repltab GROUP BY xc_node_id;

Blessing

May you find peace, and help others to do likewise.

Contact

tiredpixel.com · tp@tiredpixel.com

LinkedIn: in/nic-williams · Twitter: tiredpixel · GitHub: tiredpixel

Licence

Copyright © 2016-2020 Nic Williams, and other contributors. It is free software, released under the MIT licence, and may be redistributed under the terms specified in LICENSE.