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Notes on Magic Cards, aka UID changeable

This document is based mostly on information posted on http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=35372#p35372

Useful docs:

ISO14443A

Identifying broken ISO14443A magic

When a magic card configuration is really messed up and the card is not labeled, it may be hard to find out which type of card it is.

Here are some tips if the card doesn't react or gives error on a simple hf 14a reader:

Let's force a 4b UID anticollision and see what happens:

hf 14a config --atqa force --bcc ignore --cl2 skip --rats skip
hf 14a reader

It it responds, we know it's a TypeA card. But maybe it's a 7b UID, so let's force a 7b UID anticollision:

hf 14a config --atqa force --bcc ignore --cl2 force --cl3 skip --rats skip
hf 14a reader

At this stage, you know if it's a TypeA 4b or 7b card and you can check further on this page how to reconfigure different types of cards.

To restore anticollision config of the Proxmark3:

hf 14a config --std

MIFARE Classic

Referred as M1, S50 (1k), S70 (4k)

MIFARE Classic block0

UID 4b: (actually NUID as there are no more "unique" IDs on 4b)

11223344440804006263646566676869
^^^^^^^^                         UID
        ^^                       BCC
          ^^                     SAK(*)
            ^^^^                 ATQA
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Manufacturer data
(*) some cards have a different SAK in their anticollision and in block0: +0x80 in the block0 (e.g. 08->88, 18->98)

Computing BCC on UID 11223344: hf analyse lcr -d 11223344 = 44

UID 7b:

04112233445566884400c82000000000
^^                               Manufacturer byte
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^                   UID
              ^^                 SAK(*)
                ^^^^             ATQA
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Manufacturer data
(*) all? cards have a different SAK in their anticollision and in block0: +0x80 in the block0 (e.g. 08->88, 18->98)

MIFARE Classic Gen1A aka UID

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 1a

Magic commands

  • Wipe: 40(7), 41 (use 2000ms timeout)
  • Read: 40(7), 43, 30xx+crc
  • Write: 40(7), 43, A0xx+crc, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx+crc

Characteristics

  • UID: Only 4b versions
  • ATQA:
    • all cards play blindly the block0 ATQA bytes, beware!
  • SAK:
    • some cards play blindly the block0 SAK byte, beware!
    • some cards use a fix "08" in anticollision, no matter the block0
    • some cards use a fix "08" in anticollision, unless SAK in block0 has most significant bit "80" set, in which case SAK="88"
  • BCC:
    • all cards play blindly the block0 BCC byte, beware!
  • ATS:
    • no card with ATS

MIFARE Classic Gen1A flavour 1

  • SAK: play blindly the block0 SAK byte, beware!
  • PRNG: static 01200145
  • Wipe: filled with 0xFF

MIFARE Classic Gen1A flavour 2

  • SAK: play blindly the block0 SAK byte, beware!
  • PRNG: static 01200145
  • Wipe: filled with 0x00

MIFARE Classic Gen1A flavour 3

  • SAK: 08
  • PRNG: static 01200145
  • Wipe: filled with 0xFF

MIFARE Classic Gen1A flavour 4

  • SAK: 08
  • PRNG: weak
  • Wipe: timeout, no wipe

MIFARE Classic Gen1A flavour 5

  • SAK: 08
  • PRNG: weak
  • Wipe: reply ok but no wipe performed

MIFARE Classic Gen1A flavour 6

  • SAK: 08 or 88 if block0_SAK most significant bit is set
  • PRNG: weak
  • Wipe: timeout, no wipe

MIFARE Classic Gen1A flavour 7

  • SAK: 08 or 88 if block0_SAK most significant bit is set
  • PRNG: weak
  • Wipe: filled with 0x00

Proxmark3 commands

hf mf csetuid
hf mf cwipe
hf mf csetblk
hf mf cgetblk
hf mf cgetsc
hf mf cload 
hf mf csave
hf mf cview

When "soft-bricked" (by writing invalid data in block0), these ones may help:

# MFC Gen1A 1k:
hf mf cwipe -u 11223344 -a 0004 -s 08
# MFC Gen1A 4k:
hf mf cwipe -u 11223344 -a 0044 -s 18

or just fixing block0:

# MFC Gen1A 1k:
hf mf csetuid -u 11223344 -a 0004 -s 08
# MFC Gen1A 4k:
hf mf csetuid -u 11223344 -a 0044 -s 18

script run hf_mf_magicrevive

To execute commands manually:

hf 14a raw -a -k -b 7       40
hf 14a raw    -k            43
hf 14a raw    -k -c         A000
hf 14a raw       -c -t 1000 11223344440804006263646566676869

wipe:

hf 14a raw -a -k -b 7       40
hf 14a raw -t 1000          41

libnfc commands

nfc-mfsetuid
nfc-mfclassic R a u mydump
nfc-mfclassic W a u mydump

MIFARE Classic Gen1B

Similar to Gen1A, but supports directly read/write after command 40

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 1b

Magic commands

  • Read: 40(7), 30xx
  • Write: 40(7), A0xx+crc, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx+crc

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite aka Gen2 aka CUID

(also referred as MCT compatible by some sellers)

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 2 / CUID

Not all Gen2 cards can be identified with hf 14a info, only those replying to RATS.

To identify the other ones, you've to try to write to block0 and see if it works...

Magic commands

Android compatible

  • issue regular write to block0

Characteristics

  • UID: 4b and 7b versions
  • ATQA:
    • some cards play blindly the block0 ATQA bytes, beware!
    • some cards use a fix ATQA in anticollision, no matter the block0. Including all 7b.
  • SAK:
    • some cards play blindly the block0 SAK byte, beware!
    • some cards use a fix "08" or "18" in anticollision, no matter the block0. Including all 7b.
  • BCC:
    • some cards play blindly the block0 BCC byte, beware!
    • some cards compute a proper BCC in anticollision. Including all 7b computing their BCC0 and BCC1.
  • ATS:
    • some cards don't reply to RATS
    • some reply with an ATS

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite flavour 1

  • UID 4b
  • ATQA: play blindly the block0 ATQA bytes, beware!
  • SAK: play blindly the block0 SAK byte, beware!
  • BCC: play blindly the block0 BCC byte, beware!
  • ATS: no
  • PRNG: weak

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite flavour 2

  • UID 4b
  • ATQA: fixed
  • SAK: fixed
  • BCC: computed
  • ATS: 0978009102DABC1910F005
  • PRNG: weak

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite flavour 3

  • UID 4b
  • ATQA: play blindly the block0 ATQA bytes, beware!
  • SAK: fixed
  • BCC: play blindly the block0 BCC byte, beware!
  • ATS: no
  • PRNG: weak

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite flavour 4

  • UID 7b
  • ATQA: fixed
  • SAK: fixed
  • BCC: computed
  • ATS: 0978009102DABC1910F005
  • PRNG: static 00000000

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite flavour 5

  • UID 4b
  • ATQA: fixed
  • SAK: play blindly the block0 SAK byte, beware!
  • BCC: computed
  • ATS: no
  • PRNG: weak

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite flavour 6

TODO need more info

  • UID 7b
  • ATS: 0D780071028849A13020150608563D

Proxmark3 commands

hf mf wrbl --blk 0 -k FFFFFFFFFFFF -d 11223344440804006263646566676869

hf mf wipe --gen2

When "soft-bricked" (by writing invalid data in block0), these ones may help:

hf 14a config -h

e.g. for 4b UID:

hf 14a config --atqa force --bcc ignore --cl2 skip --rats skip
hf mf wrbl --blk 0 -k FFFFFFFFFFFF -d 11223344440804006263646566676869 # for 1k
hf mf wrbl --blk 0 -k FFFFFFFFFFFF -d 11223344441802006263646566676869 # for 4k
hf 14a config --std
hf 14a reader

e.g. for 7b UID:

hf 14a config --atqa force --bcc ignore --cl2 force --cl3 skip --rats skip
hf mf wrbl --blk 0 -k FFFFFFFFFFFF -d 04112233445566084400626364656667 # for 1k
hf mf wrbl --blk 0 -k FFFFFFFFFFFF -d 04112233445566184200626364656667 # for 4k
hf 14a config --std
hf 14a reader

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite, FUID version aka 1-write

Same as MIFARE Classic DirectWrite, but block0 can be written only once.

Initial UID is AA55C396

Identify

Only possible before personalization.

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Write Once / FUID

MIFARE Classic DirectWrite, UFUID version

Same as MIFARE Classic DirectWrite, but block0 can be locked with special command.

Identify

TODO

Proxmark3 commands

To lock definitively block0:

hf 14a raw -a -k -b 7 40
hf 14a raw    -k      43
hf 14a raw    -k -c   e000
hf 14a raw       -c   85000000000000000000000000000008

MIFARE Classic, other versions

TODO

  • ZXUID, EUID, ICUID ?
  • Some cards exhibit a specific SAK=28 ??

MIFARE Classic Gen3 aka APDU

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 3 / APDU

Magic commands

Android compatible

  • issue special APDUs
cla  ins p1  p2  len
 90  F0  CC  CC  10 <block0>  - write block 0
 90  FB  CC  CC  07 <uid>     - change uid (independently of block0 data)
 90  FD  11  11  00           - lock permanently

It seems the length byte gets ignored anyway.

Note: it seems some cards only accept the "change UID" command.

It accepts direct read of block0 (and only block0) without prior auth.

Writing to block 0 has some side-effects:

  • It changes also the UID. Changing the UID does not change block 0.
  • ATQA and SAK bytes are automatically replaced by fixed values.
  • On 4-byte UID cards, BCC byte is automatically corrected.

Characteristics

  • UID: 4b and 7b versions
  • ATQA/SAK: fixed
  • BCC: auto
  • ATS: none

Proxmark3 commands

# change just UID:
hf mf gen3uid
# write block0:
hf mf gen3blk
# lock (uid/block0?) forever:
hf mf gen3freeze

See also

script run hf_mf_gen3_writer -h

Equivalent:

# change just UID:
hf 14a raw -s -c  -t 2000  90FBCCCC07 11223344556677
# read block0:
hf 14a raw -s -c 3000
# write block0:
hf 14a raw -s -c  -t 2000  90F0CCCC10 041219c3219316984200e32000000000
# lock (uid/block0?) forever:
hf 14a raw -s -c 90FD111100

MIFARE Classic Gen3 aka GTU

Identify

Tag doesn't get identified by latest Proxmark3 client correct but instead mislabled as Gen2/CUID

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 2 / CUID

Magic commands

Android compatible - unknown status

  • issue special APDUs
cla ins p1 p2 len
 CF  00 00 00 00 32 <param>
 CF  00 00 00 00 35 <ATQA><SAK>
 CF  00 00 00 00 34 <length><ATS>
 CF  00 00 00 00 68 <param>
 CF  00 00 00 00 69 <00>
 CF  00 00 00 00 CE <block number>                    // Backdoor read card
 CF  00 00 00 00 CD <block number><single block data> // Backdoor write card
 CF  00 00 00 00 FE aabbccdd                          // set password to AABBCCDD
 CF  00 00 00 00 F1                                   // fuse is set  ???
 CF  00 00 00 00 F0                                   // fuse ???

Note: It doesn't seem to follow a APDU structure per default,

Characteristics

  • UID: 4b, 7b and 10b versions
  • ATQA/SAK: changeable
  • BCC:
  • ATS: changeable
  • Card Type: changeable
  • Shadow mode: GTU
  • Backdoor password mode:

Possible card types

Known Preset Change Available:

  • MIFARE Mini
  • MIFARE 1k S50 4 byte UID
  • MIFARE 1k S50 7 byte UID
  • MIFARE 1k S50 10 byte UID
  • MIFARE 4k S70 4 byte UID
  • MIFARE 4k S70 7 byte UID
  • MIFARE 4k S70 10 byte UID
  • Ultralight
  • Ultralight-C
  • Ultralight Ev1
  • NTAG

Proxmark3 commands

# view contents of tag memory:
hf mf gview

Equivalent:

change ATQA / SAK

hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf0000000035<ATQA><SAK>
hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf0000000035440028    //  ATQA 00 44 SAK 28

change ATS

It should be noted that when SAK=20,28, ATS must be turned on, otherwise the card will not be recognized!

hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf0000000034<length><ATS>
hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf000000003406067577810280  // ATS to 0606757781028002F0
  • length 0, ATS is not sent
  • when SAK is 20 or 28, ATS must be set, otherwise the card cannot be read
  • the last two digits of ATS are CRC and cannot be counted as length

set UID length (4, 7, 10)

hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf0000000068<Param>
hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf000000006801  // set UID length to 7 bytes
  • param=00: 4 bytes 01: 7 bytes 02: 10 bytes

Set 14443A/B-UID

--> missing instructions.

Set Ultralight mode

hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf0000000069<00>
  • 01: UL agreement opened
  • 00: UL agreement closed
  • in this mode, if SAK=00 ATQA=0044 (Pm3 sequence), it can become an Ultralight card

set shadow mode (GTU)

This mode is divided into four states: off (pre-write), on (on restore), don’t care, and high-speed read and write. If you use it, please enter the pre-write mode first. At this time, write the full card data. After writing, set it to on. At this time, after writing the data, the first time you read the data just written, the next time you read It is the pre-written data. All modes support this operation. It should be noted that using any block to read and write in this mode may give wrong results.

hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf0000000032<param>

Param | Description 00 | Closed, shadow data can be written at this time 01 | Open, start restore 02 | Turn it off completely, as a normal card 03 | High-speed read and write mode

Any block read and write

Using the backdoor command can read and write any area without password, similar to UID card, it should be noted that this command must be used to modify UID.

hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf00000000CE<block number>                    // Backdoor read card
hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf00000000CD<block number><single block data> // Backdoor write card

set backdoor password

All backdoor operations are protected by passwords. If password is forgotten, the card will be scrapped default password is 00000000

hf 14a raw -s -c -t 1000 cf00000000feaabbccdd   // set password to AABBCCDD

MIFARE Classic Super

It behaves like DirectWrite but records reader auth attempts.

To change UID: same commands as for MFC DirectWrite

To do reader-only attack: at least two versions exist.

Identify

Only type 1 at the moment:

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : super card

MIFARE Ultralight

MIFARE Ultralight blocks 0..2

SN0  SN1  SN2  BCC0
SN3  SN4  SN5  SN6
BCC1 Int  LCK0 LCK1

UID is made of SN0..SN6 bytes

Computing BCC0 on UID 04112233445566: analyse lcr -d 88041122 = bf

Computing BCC1 on UID 04112233445566: analyse lcr -d 33445566 = 44

Int is internal, typically 0x48

Anticol shortcut (CL1/3000) is supported for UL, ULC, NTAG except NTAG I2C

MIFARE Ultralight Gen1A

Identify

TODO

Characteristics

Magic commands

TODO

UID

Only 7b versions

SAK, ATQA, BCC, ATS

TODO need more tests

Proxmark3 commands

script run hf_mfu_setuid -h

When "soft-bricked" (by writing invalid data in block0), these ones may help:

hf 14a config -h
script run hf_mf_magicrevive -u

MIFARE Ultralight DirectWrite

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 2 / CUID

It seems so far that all MFUL DW have an ATS.

Magic commands

Issue three regular MFU write commands in a row to write first three blocks.

Characteristics

  • UID: Only 7b versions
  • ATQA:
    • all cards play fix ATQA
  • SAK:
    • all cards play fix SAK
  • BCC:
    • some cards play blindly the block0 BCC0 and block2 BCC1 bytes, beware!
    • some cards compute proper BCC0 and BCC1 in anticollision
  • ATS:
    • all cards reply with an ATS

MIFARE Ultralight DirectWrite flavour 1

  • BCC: computed
  • ATS: 0A78008102DBA0C119402AB5
  • Anticol shortcut (CL1/3000): fails

MIFARE Ultralight DirectWrite flavour 2

  • BCC: play blindly the block0 BCC0 and block2 BCC1 bytes, beware!
  • ATS: 850000A00A000AB00000000000000000184D
  • Anticol shortcut (CL1/3000): succeeds

Proxmark3 commands

hf mfu setuid -h

Equivalent: don't use hf mfu wrbl as you need to write three blocks in a row, but do, with proper BCCx:

hf 14a raw -s -c -k a2 00 041122bf 
hf 14a raw    -c -k a2 01 33445566
hf 14a raw    -c    a2 02 44480000

When "soft-bricked" (by writing invalid data in block0), these ones may help:

hf 14a config -h

E.g.:

hf 14a config --atqa force --bcc ignore --cl2 force --cl3 skip --rats skip
hf mfu setuid --uid 04112233445566
hf 14a config --std
hf 14a reader

libnfc commands

nfc-mfultralight -h

See --uid and --full

Android

  • MIFARE++ Ultralight

MIFARE Ultralight EV1 DirectWrite

Similar to MFUL DirectWrite

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 2 / CUID

Characteristics

  • UID: Only 7b versions
  • ATQA:
    • all cards play fix ATQA
  • SAK:
    • all cards play fix SAK
  • BCC:
    • cards play blindly the block0 BCC0 and block2 BCC1 bytes, beware!
  • ATS:
    • all cards reply with an ATS

MIFARE Ultralight EV1 DirectWrite flavour 1

  • BCC: play blindly the block0 BCC0 and block2 BCC1 bytes, beware!
  • ATS: 850000A000000AC30004030101000B0341DF

MIFARE Ultralight EV1 DirectWrite flavour 2

  • BCC: play blindly the block0 BCC0 and block2 BCC1 bytes, beware!
  • ATS: 850000A00A000AC30004030101000B0316D7

MIFARE Ultralight C Gen1A

Similar to MFUL Gen1A

MIFARE Ultralight C DirectWrite

Similar to MFUL DirectWrite

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 2 / CUID

Characteristics

  • UID: Only 7b versions
  • ATQA:
    • all cards play fix ATQA
  • SAK:
    • all cards play fix SAK
  • BCC:
    • cards compute proper BCC0 and BCC1 in anticollision
  • ATS:
    • all cards reply with an ATS

MIFARE Ultralight C DirectWrite flavour 1

  • BCC: computed
  • ATS: 0A78008102DBA0C119402AB5
  • Anticol shortcut (CL1/3000): fails

NTAG

NTAG213 DirectWrite

Similar to MFUL DirectWrite

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : Gen 2 / CUID

Characteristics

  • UID: Only 7b versions
  • ATQA:
    • all cards play fix ATQA
  • SAK:
    • all cards play fix SAK
  • BCC:
    • cards play blindly the block0 BCC0 and block2 BCC1 bytes, beware!
  • ATS:
    • all cards reply with an ATS

NTAG213 DirectWrite flavour 1

  • BCC: play blindly the block0 BCC0 and block2 BCC1 bytes, beware!
  • ATS: 0A78008102DBA0C119402AB5
  • Anticol shortcut (CL1/3000): succeeds

NTAG21x

Identify

hf 14a info
...
[+] Magic capabilities : NTAG21x

Characteristics

Emulates fully NTAG213, 213F, 215, 216, 216F

Emulates partially UL EV1 48k/128k, NTAG210, NTAG212, NTAGI2C 1K/2K, NTAGI2C 1K/2K PLUS

Anticol shortcut (CL1/3000): fails

Proxmark3 commands

script run hf_mfu_magicwrite -h

DESFire

"DESFire" APDU, 7b UID

Identify

TODO

Magic commands

Android compatible

  • issue special APDUs

Characteristics

  • ATQA: 0344
  • SAK: 20
  • ATS: 0675338102005110 or 06757781028002F0

Only mimics DESFire anticollision (but wrong ATS), no further DESFire support

Proxmark commands

UID 04112233445566

hf 14a raw -s -c 0200ab00000704112233445566

or equivalently

hf 14a apdu -s 00ab00000704112233445566

libnfc commands

pn53x-tamashell
4a0100
420200ab00000704112233445566

"DESFire" APDU, 4b UID

Magic commands

Android compatible

  • issue special APDUs

Characteristics

  • ATQA: 0008 ??? This is not DESFire, 0008/20 doesn't match anything
  • SAK: 20
  • ATS: 0675338102005110 or 06757781028002F0

Only mimics DESFire anticollision (but wrong ATS), no further DESFire support

Proxmark commands

UID 04112233445566

hf 14a raw -s -c 0200ab00000411223344

or equivalently

hf 14a apdu -s 00ab00000411223344

It accepts longer UID but that doesn't affect BCC/ATQA/SAK

pn53x-tamashell commands

4a0100
420200ab00000411223344

Remarks

The same effect (with better ATQA!) can be obtained with a MFC Gen1A that uses SAK defined in block0:

hf mf csetblk --blk 0 -d 1122334444204403A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8
hf 14a info
[+]  UID: 11 22 33 44 
[+] ATQA: 03 44
[+]  SAK: 20 [1]
[+] Possible types:
[+]    MIFARE DESFire MF3ICD40

ISO14443B

ISO14443B magic

No such card is available.

Some vendor allow to specify an ID (PUPI) when ordering a card.

ISO15693

ISO15693 magic

Identify

TODO

Proxmark3 commands

Always set a UID starting with E0.

hf 15 csetuid E011223344556677

or (ignore errors):

script run hf_15_magic -u E004013344556677