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@article{Gueymard2008,
author = {Gueymard, CA},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gueymard{\_}2008{\_}Solar radiation measurement Progress in radiometry for improved modeling.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Modeling Solar Radiation at the Earth{\&}{\#}39;s},
title = {{Solar radiation measurement: Progress in radiometry for improved modeling}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/X283136W7P705720.pdf},
year = {2008}
}
@article{South1999,
author = {South, A.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/South{\_}1999{\_}Dispersal in spatially explicit population models.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
number = {5},
pages = {1039--1046},
title = {{Dispersal in spatially explicit population models}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98236.x/full},
volume = {13},
year = {1999}
}
@article{West2009,
abstract = {We present the first part of a quantitative theory for the structure and dynamics of forests at demographic and resource steady state. The theory uses allometric scaling relations, based on metabolism and biomechanics, to quantify how trees use resources, fill space, and grow. These individual-level traits and properties scale up to predict emergent properties of forest stands, including size-frequency distributions, spacing relations, resource flux rates, and canopy configurations. Two insights emerge from this analysis: (i) The size structure and spatial arrangement of trees in the entire forest are emergent manifestations of the way that functionally invariant xylem elements are bundled together to conduct water and nutrients up from the trunks, through the branches, to the leaves of individual trees. (ii) Geometric and dynamic properties of trees in a forest and branches in trees scale identically, so that the entire forest can be described mathematically and behaves structurally and functionally like a scaled version of the branching networks in the largest tree. This quantitative framework uses a small number of parameters to predict numerous structural and dynamical properties of idealized forests.},
author = {West, Geoffrey B and Enquist, Brian J and Brown, James H},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0812294106},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/West, Enquist, Brown{\_}2009{\_}A general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0812294106},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Biological,Ecosystem,Forestry,Models,Trees,Trees: growth {\&} development},
month = {apr},
number = {17},
pages = {7040--5},
pmid = {19363160},
title = {{A general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2678479{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Huey1991,
author = {Huey, RB},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Huey{\_}1991{\_}Physiological Consequences of Habitat Selection.pdf:pdf},
journal = {American Naturalist},
title = {{Physiological Consequences of Habitat Selection}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2462290},
volume = {137},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Lamigueiro2010,
author = {Lamigueiro, Oscar Perpi{\~{n}}{\'{a}}n},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lamigueiro{\_}2010{\_}Introduction to solaR Values of global horizontal irradiation are commonly available , either as monthly averages of dai.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Evolution},
number = {September},
pages = {1--35},
title = {{Introduction to solaR Values of global horizontal irradiation are commonly available , either as monthly averages of daily values or as a}},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Walsberg1993,
author = {Walsberg, GE},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Walsberg{\_}1993{\_}Thermal Consequences of Diurnal Microhabitat Selection in a Small Bird.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ornis Scandinavica},
number = {3},
pages = {174--182},
title = {{Thermal Consequences of Diurnal Microhabitat Selection in a Small Bird}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3676733},
volume = {24},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Buse1999,
author = {Buse, A and Dury, S J and Woodburn, R J W and Perrins, C M and Good, J E G},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Buse et al.{\_}1999{\_}Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions the case of Pedunculate Oak , Winter Moth and Tits.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
number = {Betts 1955},
pages = {74--82},
title = {{Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions : the case of Pedunculate Oak , Winter Moth and Tits}},
volume = {13},
year = {1999}
}
@article{West2004a,
author = {West, G. B. and Brown, J. H. and Enquist, B. J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00857.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/West, Brown, Enquist{\_}2004{\_}Growth models based on first principles or phenomenology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0269-8463},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {188--196},
title = {{Growth models based on first principles or phenomenology?}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00857.x},
volume = {18},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Webb1987,
author = {Webb, D. R.},
doi = {10.2307/1368537},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Webb{\_}1987{\_}Thermal Tolerance of Avian Embryos A Review.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00105422},
journal = {The Condor},
month = {nov},
number = {4},
pages = {874},
title = {{Thermal Tolerance of Avian Embryos: A Review}},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0010-5422{\%}2528198711{\%}252989{\%}253A4{\%}253C874{\%}253ATTOAEA{\%}253E2.0.CO{\%}253B2-Q{\&}origin=crossref},
volume = {89},
year = {1987}
}
@article{Bakken1992,
author = {Bakken, GS},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bakken{\_}1992{\_}Measurement and Application of Operative and Standard Operative Temperatures in Ecology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {American Zoologist},
number = {2},
pages = {194--216},
title = {{Measurement and Application of Operative and Standard Operative Temperatures in Ecology}},
url = {http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/2/194.short},
volume = {32},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Mendez2012,
abstract = {We have derived reaction-dispersal-aggregation equations from Markovian reaction-random walks with density-dependent jump rate or density-dependent dispersal kernels. From the corresponding diffusion limit we recover well-known reaction-diffusion-aggregation and reaction-diffusion-advection-aggregation equations. It is found that the ratio between the reaction and jump rates controls the onset of spatial patterns. We have analyzed the qualitative properties of the emerging spatial patterns. We have compared the conditions for the possibility of spatial instabilities for reaction-dispersal and reaction-diffusion processes with aggregation and have found that dispersal process is more stabilizing than diffusion. We have obtained a general threshold value for dispersal stability and have analyzed specific examples of biological interest.},
author = {M{\'{e}}ndez, Vicen{\c{c}} and Campos, Daniel and Pagonabarraga, Ignacio and Fedotov, Sergei},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.06.015},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/M{\'{e}}ndez et al.{\_}2012{\_}Density-dependent dispersal and population aggregation patterns.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-8541},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
keywords = {Animal Distribution,Animal Distribution: physiology,Animals,Diffusion,Models, Biological,Population Density,Population Dynamics},
month = {sep},
pages = {113--20},
pmid = {22727766},
title = {{Density-dependent dispersal and population aggregation patterns.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22727766},
volume = {309},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Chalfoun2002,
author = {Chalfoun, Anna D. and Thompson, Frank R. and Ratnaswamy, Mary J.},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00308.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Chalfoun, Thompson, Ratnaswamy{\_}2002{\_}Nest Predators and Fragmentation a Review and Meta-Analysis.pdf:pdf},
issn = {08888892},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {306--318},
title = {{Nest Predators and Fragmentation: a Review and Meta-Analysis}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00308.x},
volume = {16},
year = {2002}
}
@unpublished{Wu2013,
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1308.5513v2},
author = {Wu, Lingfei and Zhang, Jiang and Zhao, Min},
booktitle = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.5513},
eprint = {arXiv:1308.5513v2},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wu, Zhang, Zhao{\_}2013{\_}The Metabolism and Growth of Web Forums.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--23},
title = {{The Metabolism and Growth of Web Forums}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.5513},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Bakken1980,
author = {Bakken, GS},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bakken{\_}1980{\_}The Use of Standard Operative Temperature in the Study of the Thermal Energetics of Birds.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Physiological Zoology},
number = {1},
pages = {108--119},
title = {{The Use of Standard Operative Temperature in the Study of the Thermal Energetics of Birds}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/30155779},
volume = {53},
year = {1980}
}
@article{Dzialowski2005,
author = {Dzialowski, EM},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.01.005},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dzialowski{\_}2005{\_}Use of operative temperature and standard operative temperature models in thermal biology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Thermal Biology},
keywords = {ecology,ectotherm,endotherm,energetics,operative temperature,standard operative temperature,thermoregulation},
pages = {317--334},
title = {{Use of operative temperature and standard operative temperature models in thermal biology}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456505000185},
volume = {30},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Girondot2004,
author = {Girondot, M. and Delmas, V. and Rivalan, P. and Courchamp, F. and Pr{\'{e}}vot-Julliard, A.C. and Godfrey, M.H.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Girondot et al.{\_}2004{\_}Implications of temperature-dependent sex determination for population dynamics.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Temperature-dependent sex determination in vertebrates},
pages = {148--155},
title = {{Implications of temperature-dependent sex determination for population dynamics}},
url = {http://www.ese.u-psud.fr/bases/upresa/pages/rivalan/publi/Girondot{\_}etal{\_}TSD.pdf},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Allen2005,
author = {Allen, a. P. and Gillooly, J. F. and Brown, J. H.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00952.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Allen, Gillooly, Brown{\_}2005{\_}Linking the global carbon cycle to individual metabolism.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0269-8463},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {202--213},
title = {{Linking the global carbon cycle to individual metabolism}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00952.x},
volume = {19},
year = {2005}
}
@article{OConnor2000,
author = {O'Connor, MP},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/O'Connor{\_}2000{\_}Extracting operative temperatures from temperatures of physical models with thermal inertia.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1215895127},
journal = {Journal of Thermal Biology},
keywords = {body temperature,cooling,heating,operative temperature,operative temperature models,reptile,thermoregulation},
pages = {329--343},
title = {{Extracting operative temperatures from temperatures of physical models with thermal inertia}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456599001023},
volume = {25},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Hirata2008,
author = {Hirata, Masanori and Higashi, Seigo},
doi = {10.1007/s00265-008-0552-1},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Hirata, Higashi{\_}2008{\_}Degree-day accumulation controlling allopatric and sympatric variations in the sociality of sweat bees, Lasioglossu.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0340-5443},
journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
keywords = {social evolution,social polymorphism,sweat bee,sympatric variation},
month = {feb},
number = {8},
pages = {1239--1247},
title = {{Degree-day accumulation controlling allopatric and sympatric variations in the sociality of sweat bees, Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) baleicum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00265-008-0552-1},
volume = {62},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Huston2003,
author = {Huston, MA},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Huston{\_}2003{\_}Heat and biodiversity.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science (New York, NY)},
number = {January},
title = {{Heat and biodiversity.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12546005},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Clarke2006,
abstract = {In recent years, a number of species-energy hypotheses have been developed to explain global patterns in plant and animal diversity. These hypotheses frequently fail to distinguish between fundamentally different forms of energy which influence diversity in dissimilar ways. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) can be utilized only by plants, though their abundance and growth rate is also greatly influenced by water. The Gibbs free energy (chemical energy) retained in the reduced organic compounds of tissue can be utilized by all heterotrophic organisms. Neither PAR nor chemical energy influences diversity directly. Both, however, influence biomass and/or abundance; diversity may then increase as a result of secondary population dynamic or evolutionary processes. Temperature is not a form of energy, though it is often used loosely by ecologists as a proxy for energy; it does, however, influence the rate of utilization of chemical energy by organisms. It may also influence diversity by allowing a greater range of energetic lifestyles at warmer temperatures (the metabolic niche hypothesis). We conclude that there is no single species/energy mechanism; fundamentally different processes link energy to abundance in plants and animals, and diversity is affected secondarily. If we are to make progress in elucidating these mechanisms, it is important to distinguish climatic effects on species' distribution and abundance from processes linking energy supply to plant and animal diversity.},
author = {Clarke, A. and Gaston, K.J.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2006.3545},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Clarke, Gaston{\_}2006{\_}Climate, energy and diversity.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Preceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {Animals,Biodiversity,Climate,Energy Metabolism,Energy Metabolism: physiology,Plants},
month = {sep},
number = {1599},
pages = {2257--2266},
pmid = {16928626},
title = {{Climate, energy and diversity.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1636092{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {273},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Bakken1974,
author = {Bakken, G.S. and Gates, D.M. and Strunk, T.H. and Kleiber, M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bakken et al.{\_}1974{\_}Linearized heat transfer relations in biology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science},
number = {4128},
pages = {976--978},
title = {{Linearized heat transfer relations in biology}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/183/4128/976.short},
volume = {183},
year = {1974}
}
@article{Jun2003,
author = {Jun, Joseph and Pepper, JW and Savage, VM and Gillooly, James F. and Brown, James H.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Jun et al.{\_}2003{\_}Allometric scaling of ant foraging trail networks.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Evolutionary Ecology {\ldots}},
keywords = {allometry,coloniality,foraging,optimal networks,social insects},
pages = {297--303},
title = {{Allometric scaling of ant foraging trail networks}},
url = {http://samoa.santafe.edu/media/workingpapers/03-02-005.pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?rep=rep1{\&}type=pdf{\&}doi=10.1.1.225.8354},
volume = {5},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Rowhani2008,
author = {Rowhani, Pedram and Lepczyk, Christopher a. and Linderman, Marc a. and Pidgeon, Anna M. and Radeloff, Volker C. and Culbert, Patrick D. and Lambin, Eric F.},
doi = {10.1007/s10021-008-9165-9},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Rowhani et al.{\_}2008{\_}Variability in Energy Influences Avian Distribution Patterns Across the USA.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1432-9840},
journal = {Ecosystems},
keywords = {avian ecology,bbs,biodiversity,breeding bird survey,energy variability,modis},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {854--867},
title = {{Variability in Energy Influences Avian Distribution Patterns Across the USA}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10021-008-9165-9},
volume = {11},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Huey2009,
abstract = {Biological impacts of climate warming are predicted to increase with latitude, paralleling increases in warming. However, the magnitude of impacts depends not only on the degree of warming but also on the number of species at risk, their physiological sensitivity to warming and their options for behavioural and physiological compensation. Lizards are useful for evaluating risks of warming because their thermal biology is well studied. We conducted macrophysiological analyses of diurnal lizards from diverse latitudes plus focal species analyses of Puerto Rican Anolis and Sphaerodactyus. Although tropical lowland lizards live in environments that are warm all year, macrophysiological analyses indicate that some tropical lineages (thermoconformers that live in forests) are active at low body temperature and are intolerant of warm temperatures. Focal species analyses show that some tropical forest lizards were already experiencing stressful body temperatures in summer when studied several decades ago. Simulations suggest that warming will not only further depress their physiological performance in summer, but will also enable warm-adapted, open-habitat competitors and predators to invade forests. Forest lizards are key components of tropical ecosystems, but appear vulnerable to the cascading physiological and ecological effects of climate warming, even though rates of tropical warming may be relatively low.},
author = {Huey, Raymond B and Deutsch, Curtis a and Tewksbury, Joshua J and Vitt, Laurie J and Hertz, Paul E and {Alvarez P{\'{e}}rez}, H{\'{e}}ctor J and Garland, Theodore},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.1957},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Huey et al.{\_}2009{\_}Why tropical forest lizards are vulnerable to climate warming.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society},
keywords = {Acclimatization,Animals,Body Temperature,Ecosystem,Geography,Greenhouse Effect,Lizards,Lizards: classification,Lizards: physiology,Phylogeny,Puerto Rico,Temperature,Tropical Climate},
month = {jun},
number = {1664},
pages = {1939--48},
pmid = {19324762},
title = {{Why tropical forest lizards are vulnerable to climate warming.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2677251{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {276},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Vallino2010,
abstract = {We examine the application of the maximum entropy production principle for describing ecosystem biogeochemistry. Since ecosystems can be functionally stable despite changes in species composition, we use a distributed metabolic network for describing biogeochemistry, which synthesizes generic biological structures that catalyse reaction pathways, but is otherwise organism independent. Allocation of biological structure and regulation of biogeochemical reactions is determined via solution of an optimal control problem in which entropy production is maximized. However, because synthesis of biological structures cannot occur if entropy production is maximized instantaneously, we propose that information stored within the metagenome allows biological systems to maximize entropy production when averaged over time. This differs from abiotic systems that maximize entropy production at a point in space-time, which we refer to as the steepest descent pathway. It is the spatio-temporal averaging that allows biological systems to outperform abiotic processes in entropy production, at least in many situations. A simulation of a methanotrophic system is used to demonstrate the approach. We conclude with a brief discussion on the implications of viewing ecosystems as self-organizing molecular machines that function to maximize entropy production at the ecosystem level of organization.},
author = {Vallino, Joseph J},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2009.0272},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Vallino{\_}2010{\_}Ecosystem biogeochemistry considered as a distributed metabolic network ordered by maximum entropy production.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
keywords = {Biochemistry,Biological Evolution,Climate,Computer Simulation,Ecosystem,Energy Metabolism,Entropy,Methane,Methane: metabolism,Models, Biological},
month = {may},
number = {1545},
pages = {1417--27},
pmid = {20368260},
title = {{Ecosystem biogeochemistry considered as a distributed metabolic network ordered by maximum entropy production.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2871896{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {365},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Delmas2008a,
author = {Delmas, V and Prevot-Julliard, A.C. and Pieau, C and Girondot, M},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.0},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Delmas et al.{\_}2008{\_}A mechanistic model of temperature-dependent sex determination in a chelonian the European pond turtle.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
pages = {84--93},
title = {{A mechanistic model of temperature-dependent sex determination in a chelonian : the European pond turtle}},
volume = {22},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Enquist1998,
author = {Enquist, B.J. and Brown, J.H. and West, G.B.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Enquist, Brown, West{\_}1998{\_}Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6698},
pages = {163--165},
publisher = {London)},
title = {{Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density}},
url = {http://hermes.ffn.ub.es/oscar/Biologia/Escala/Nature{\_}395{\_}163{\_}1998.pdf},
volume = {395},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Lambrechts2004,
author = {Lambrechts, Marcel M},
doi = {10.1016/S0065-2504(04)35005-1},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Lambrechts{\_}2004{\_}Global Climate Change Leads to Mistimed Avian Reproduction.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Advances},
number = {04},
title = {{Global Climate Change Leads to Mistimed Avian Reproduction}},
volume = {35},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Hazel1995,
author = {Hazel, J.R.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Hazel{\_}1995{\_}Thermal adaptation in biological membranes is homeoviscous adaptation the explanation.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Annual Review of Physiology},
number = {1},
pages = {19--42},
publisher = {Annual Reviews 4139 El Camino Way, PO Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139, USA},
title = {{Thermal adaptation in biological membranes: is homeoviscous adaptation the explanation?}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.000315},
volume = {57},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Price2012,
abstract = {The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) predicts the effects of body size and temperature on metabolism through considerations of vascular distribution networks and biochemical kinetics. MTE has also been extended to characterise processes from cellular to global levels. MTE has generated both enthusiasm and controversy across a broad range of research areas. However, most efforts that claim to validate or invalidate MTE have focused on testing predictions. We argue that critical evaluation of MTE also requires strong tests of both its theoretical foundations and simplifying assumptions. To this end, we synthesise available information and find that MTE's original derivations require additional assumptions to obtain the full scope of attendant predictions. Moreover, although some of MTE's simplifying assumptions are well supported by data, others are inconsistent with empirical tests and even more remain untested. Further, although many predictions are empirically supported on average, work remains to explain the often large variability in data. We suggest that greater effort be focused on evaluating MTE's underlying theory and simplifying assumptions to help delineate the scope of MTE, generate new theory and shed light on fundamental aspects of biological form and function.},
author = {Price, Charles a and Weitz, Joshua S and Savage, Van M and Stegen, James and Clarke, Andrew and Coomes, David a and Dodds, Peter S and Etienne, Rampal S and Kerkhoff, Andrew J and McCulloh, Katherine and Niklas, Karl J and Olff, Han and Swenson, Nathan G and Chave, Jerome},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01860.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Price et al.{\_}2012{\_}Testing the metabolic theory of ecology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461-0248},
journal = {Ecology letters},
keywords = {Animals,Body Size,Energy Metabolism,Mammals,Mammals: anatomy {\&} histology,Mammals: metabolism,Models, Biological,Plants,Plants: anatomy {\&} histology,Plants: metabolism,Temperature},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {1465--74},
pmid = {22931542},
title = {{Testing the metabolic theory of ecology.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22931542},
volume = {15},
year = {2012}
}
@article{MacArthur1966,
author = {MacArthur, RH and Pianka, ER},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/MacArthur, Pianka{\_}1966{\_}On Optimal use of a patchy environment.pdf:pdf},
journal = {American Naturalist},
title = {{On Optimal use of a patchy environment}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2459298},
year = {1966}
}
@article{Savage2004a,
abstract = {For at least 200 years, since the time of Malthus, population growth has been recognized as providing a critical link between the performance of individual organisms and the ecology and evolution of species. We present a theory that shows how the intrinsic rate of exponential population growth, rmax, and the carrying capacity, K, depend on individual metabolic rate and resource supply rate. To do this, we construct equations for the metabolic rates of entire populations by summing over individuals, and then we combine these population-level equations with Malthusian growth. Thus, the theory makes explicit the relationship between rates of resource supply in the environment and rates of production of new biomass and individuals. These individual-level and population-level processes are inextricably linked because metabolism sets both the demand for environmental resources and the resource allocation to survival, growth, and reproduction. We use the theory to make explicit how and why rmax exhibits its characteristic dependence on body size and temperature. Data for aerobic eukaryotes, including algae, protists, insects, zooplankton, fishes, and mammals, support these predicted scalings for rmax. The metabolic flux of energy and materials also dictates that the carrying capacity or equilibrium density of populations should decrease with increasing body size and increasing temperature. Finally, we argue that body mass and body temperature, through their effects on metabolic rate, can explain most of the variation in fecundity and mortality rates. Data for marine fishes in the field support these predictions for instantaneous rates of mortality. This theory links the rates of metabolism and resource use of individuals to life-history attributes and population dynamics for a broad assortment of organisms, from unicellular organisms to mammals.},
author = {Savage, Van M and Gilloly, James F and Brown, James H and Charnov, Eric L},
doi = {10.1086/381872},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Savage et al.{\_}2004{\_}Effects of body size and temperature on population growth.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1537-5323},
journal = {The American naturalist},
keywords = {Animals,Biomass,Body Size,Body Temperature,Energy Metabolism,Fertility,Models, Biological,Mortality,Population Growth},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {429--41},
pmid = {15026978},
title = {{Effects of body size and temperature on population growth.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15026978},
volume = {163},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Wang2009,
abstract = {The increase of biodiversity from poles to equator is one of the most pervasive features of nature. For 2 centuries since von Humboldt, Wallace, and Darwin, biogeographers and ecologists have investigated the environmental and historical factors that determine the latitudinal gradient of species diversity, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The recently proposed metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) aims to explain ecological patterns and processes, including geographical patterns of species richness, in terms of the effects of temperature and body size on the metabolism of organisms. Here we use 2 comparable databases of tree distributions in eastern Asia and North America to investigate the roles of environmental temperature and spatial scale in shaping geographical patterns of species diversity. We find that number of species increases exponentially with environmental temperature as predicted by the MTE, and so does the rate of spatial turnover in species composition (slope of the species-area relationship). The magnitude of temperature dependence of species richness increases with spatial scale. Moreover, the relationship between species richness and temperature is much steeper in eastern Asia than in North America: in cold climates at high latitudes there are more tree species in North America, but the reverse is true in warmer climates at lower latitudes. These patterns provide evidence that the kinetics of ecological and evolutionary processes play a major role in the latitudinal pattern of biodiversity.},
author = {Wang, Zhiheng and Brown, James H and Tang, Zhiyao and Fang, Jingyun},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0905030106},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wang et al.{\_}2009{\_}Temperature dependence, spatial scale, and tree species diversity in eastern Asia and North America.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Asia,Biodiversity,Environment,North America,Rain,Regression Analysis,Species Specificity,Temperature,Trees,Trees: physiology},
month = {aug},
number = {32},
pages = {13388--92},
pmid = {19628692},
title = {{Temperature dependence, spatial scale, and tree species diversity in eastern Asia and North America.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2714761{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Bakken1989,
author = {Bakken, GS},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bakken{\_}1989{\_}Arboreal Perch Properties and the Operative Temperature Experienced by Small Animals.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {boundary layer,color,lizard,microclimate,operative temperature,perch selection,predation,solar radiation,thermal conduction,thermal energy budget,thermal radiation,thermoreg-},
number = {4},
pages = {922--930},
title = {{Arboreal Perch Properties and the Operative Temperature Experienced by Small Animals}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2307/1941359},
volume = {70},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Stearns1976a,
author = {Stearns, SC},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Stearns{\_}1976{\_}Life-History Tactics A Review of the Ideas.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The Quarterly Review of Biology},
title = {{Life-History Tactics: A Review of the Ideas}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2825234},
year = {1976}
}
@article{Vanclay1994,
author = {Vanclay, JK},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Vanclay{\_}1994{\_}Modelling forest growth and yield applications to mixed tropical forests.pdf:pdf},
journal = {School of Environmental Science and Management {\ldots}},
title = {{Modelling forest growth and yield : applications to mixed tropical forests}},
url = {http://epubs.scu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1538{\&}context=esm{\_}pubs},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Angilletta2002a,
abstract = {Biologists usually refer to mammals and birds as homeotherms, but these animals universally experience regional and temporal variations in body temperature. These variations could represent adaptive strategies of heterothermy, which in turn would favor genotypes that function over a wide range of temperatures. This coadaptation of thermoregulation and thermosensitivity has been studied extensively among ectotherms, but remains unexplored among endotherms. In this review, we apply classical models of thermal adaptation to predict variation in body temperature within and among populations of mammals and birds. We then relate these predictions to observations generated by comparative and experimental studies. In general, optimality models can explain the qualitative effects of abiotic and biotic factors on thermoregulation. Similar insights should emerge when using models to predict variation in the thermosensitivity of endotherms, but the dearth of empirical data on this subject precludes a rigorous analysis at this time. Future research should focus on the selective pressures imposed by regional and temporal heterothermy in endotherms.},
author = {Angilletta, MJ and Niewiarowski, Peter H. and Navas, Carlos Arturo},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Angilletta, Niewiarowski, Navas{\_}2002{\_}The evolution of thermal physiology in endotherms.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1945-0508},
journal = {Journal of Thermal Biology},
keywords = {Adaptation,Animals,Biological Evolution,Body Temperature Regulation,Physiological},
month = {jan},
pages = {249--268},
pmid = {20515760},
title = {{The evolution of thermal physiology in endotherms.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20515760 http://angilletta.lab.asu.edu/Publications/Angilletta et al 2010b.pdf},
volume = {27},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Zuo2009,
author = {Zuo, Wenyun and Moses, ME and Hou, Chen and Woodruff, WH},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Zuo et al.{\_}2009{\_}Response to comments on “Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny”.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science},
number = {September},
pages = {3--4},
title = {{Response to comments on “Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny”}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/325/5945/1206.3.short},
volume = {325},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kingsolver2008,
author = {Kingsolver, JG and Huey, RB},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Kingsolver, Huey{\_}2008{\_}Size, temperature, and fitness three rules.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Evolutionary Ecology Research},
keywords = {body size,development time,fitness metrics,haiku,phenotypic plasticity},
pages = {251--268},
title = {{Size, temperature, and fitness: three rules}},
url = {http://jgking.web.unc.edu/files/2012/06/KingsolverHuey.EER{\_}.2008.pdf},
volume = {10},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Spotila1973,
author = {Spotila, J.R. and Lommen, P.W. and Bakken, G.S. and Gates, D.M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Spotila et al.{\_}1973{\_}A mathematical model for body temperatures of large reptiles Implications for dinosaur ecology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {American Naturalist},
number = {955},
pages = {391--404},
title = {{A mathematical model for body temperatures of large reptiles : Implications for dinosaur ecology}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2459539},
volume = {107},
year = {1973}
}
@article{Edmunds2006,
abstract = {The evolutionary success of animal design is strongly affected by scaling and virtually all metazoans are constrained by allometry. One body plan that appears to relax these constraints is a colonial modular (CM) design, in which modular iteration is hypothesized to support isometry and indeterminate colony size. In this study, growth rates of juvenile scleractinians (less than 40mm diameter) with a CM design were used to test this assertion using colony diameters recorded annually for a decade and scaling exponents (b) for growth calculated from double logarithmic plots of final versus initial diameters. For all juvenile corals, b differed significantly among years, with isometry (b=1) in 4 years, but positive allometry (b{\textgreater}1) in 5 years. The study years were characterized by differences in seawater temperature that were associated significantly with b for growth, with isometry in warm years but positive allometry in cool years. These results illustrate variable growth scaling in a CM taxon and suggest that the switch between scaling modes is mediated by temperature. For the corals studied, growth was not constrained by size, but this outcome was achieved through both isometry and positive allometry. Under cooler conditions, positive allometry may be beneficial as it represents a growth advantage that increases with size.},
author = {Edmunds, Peter J},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2006.3589},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Edmunds{\_}2006{\_}Temperature-mediated transitions between isometry and allometry in a colonial, modular invertebrate.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society},
keywords = {Animals,Anthozoa,Anthozoa: growth {\&} development,Ecosystem,Temperature,Time Factors},
month = {sep},
number = {1599},
pages = {2275--81},
pmid = {16928628},
title = {{Temperature-mediated transitions between isometry and allometry in a colonial, modular invertebrate.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1636087{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {273},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Kleidon2010,
abstract = {The coupled biosphere-atmosphere system entails a vast range of processes at different scales, from ecosystem exchange fluxes of energy, water and carbon to the processes that drive global biogeochemical cycles, atmospheric composition and, ultimately, the planetary energy balance. These processes are generally complex with numerous interactions and feedbacks, and they are irreversible in their nature, thereby producing entropy. The proposed principle of maximum entropy production (MEP), based on statistical mechanics and information theory, states that thermodynamic processes far from thermodynamic equilibrium will adapt to steady states at which they dissipate energy and produce entropy at the maximum possible rate. This issue focuses on the latest development of applications of MEP to the biosphere-atmosphere system including aspects of the atmospheric circulation, the role of clouds, hydrology, vegetation effects, ecosystem exchange of energy and mass, biogeochemical interactions and the Gaia hypothesis. The examples shown in this special issue demonstrate the potential of MEP to contribute to improved understanding and modelling of the biosphere and the wider Earth system, and also explore limitations and constraints to the application of the MEP principle.},
author = {Kleidon, Axel and Malhi, Yadvinder and Cox, Peter M},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2010.0018},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Kleidon, Malhi, Cox{\_}2010{\_}Maximum entropy production in environmental and ecological systems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
keywords = {Animals,Earth (Planet),Ecosystem,Entropy,Environment,Thermodynamics},
month = {may},
number = {1545},
pages = {1297--302},
pmid = {20368247},
title = {{Maximum entropy production in environmental and ecological systems.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2871911{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {365},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Gaston2009c,
abstract = {Understanding of the determinants of species' geographic range limits remains poorly integrated. In part, this is because of the diversity of perspectives on the issue, and because empirical studies have lagged substantially behind developments in theory. Here, I provide a broad overview, drawing together many of the disparate threads, considering, in turn, how influences on the terms of a simple single-population equation can determine range limits. There is theoretical and empirical evidence for systematic changes towards range limits under some circumstances in each of the demographic parameters. However, under other circumstances, no such changes may take place in particular parameters, or they may occur in a different direction, with limitation still occurring. This suggests that (i) little about range limitation can categorically be inferred from many empirical studies, which document change in only one demographic parameter, (ii) there is a need for studies that document variation in all of the parameters, and (iii) in agreement with theoretical evidence that range limits can be formed in the presence or absence of hard boundaries, environmental gradients or biotic interactions, there may be few general patterns as to the determinants of these limits, with most claimed generalities at least having many exceptions.},
author = {Gaston, K.J.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.1480},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gaston{\_}2009{\_}Geographic range limits achieving synthesis(2).pdf:pdf;:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gaston{\_}2009{\_}Geographic range limits achieving synthesis.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0962-8452 (Print)$\backslash$n0962-8452 (Linking)},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {births,deaths,emigration,immigration,population size,range limits},
number = {1661},
pages = {1395--1406},
pmid = {19324809},
title = {{Geographic range limits: achieving synthesis.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324809},
volume = {276},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Ernest2003,
author = {Ernest, S. K. Morgan and Enquist, Brian J. and Brown, James H. and Charnov, Eric L. and Gillooly, James F. and Savage, Van M. and White, Ethan P. and Smith, Felisa a. and Hadly, Elizabeth a. and Haskell, John P. and Lyons, S. Kathleen and Maurer, Brian a. and Niklas, Karl J. and Tiffney, Bruce},
doi = {10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00526.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Ernest et al.{\_}2003{\_}Thermodynamic and metabolic effects on the scaling of production and population energy use.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {allometry,annual biomass production,brian j,cross-taxonomic comparison,energy use,k,macroecology,metabolism,morgan ernest 1,s,scaling,trophic energy transfer},
month = {sep},
number = {11},
pages = {990--995},
title = {{Thermodynamic and metabolic effects on the scaling of production and population energy use}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00526.x},
volume = {6},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Smith2010,
abstract = {The extinction of dinosaurs at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary was the seminal event that opened the door for the subsequent diversification of terrestrial mammals. Our compilation of maximum body size at the ordinal level by sub-epoch shows a near-exponential increase after the K/Pg. On each continent, the maximum size of mammals leveled off after 40 million years ago and thereafter remained approximately constant. There was remarkable congruence in the rate, trajectory, and upper limit across continents, orders, and trophic guilds, despite differences in geological and climatic history, turnover of lineages, and ecological variation. Our analysis suggests that although the primary driver for the evolution of giant mammals was diversification to fill ecological niches, environmental temperature and land area may have ultimately constrained the maximum size achieved.},
author = {Smith, Felisa a and Boyer, Alison G and Brown, James H and Costa, Daniel P and Dayan, Tamar and Ernest, S K Morgan and Evans, Alistair R and Fortelius, Mikael and Gittleman, John L and Hamilton, Marcus J and Harding, Larisa E and Lintulaakso, Kari and Lyons, S Kathleen and McCain, Christy and Okie, Jordan G and Saarinen, Juha J and Sibly, Richard M and Stephens, Patrick R and Theodor, Jessica and Uhen, Mark D},
doi = {10.1126/science.1194830},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Smith et al.{\_}2010{\_}The evolution of maximum body size of terrestrial mammals.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Animals,Atmosphere,Biological Evolution,Body Size,Ecosystem,Environment,Extinction, Biological,Fossils,Geography,Mammals,Mammals: anatomy {\&} histology,Mammals: classification,Mammals: growth {\&} development,Models, Biological,Oxygen,Phylogeny,Temperature},
month = {nov},
number = {6008},
pages = {1216--9},
pmid = {21109666},
title = {{The evolution of maximum body size of terrestrial mammals.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109666},
volume = {330},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Kendall1789,
author = {Kendall, BE and Briggs, CJ and Murdoch, WW and Turchin, P and SP},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Kendall et al.{\_}1789{\_}Why do populations cycle.pdf:pdf},
journal = {A synthesis of statistical},
title = {{Why do populations cycle}},
url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en{\&}btnG=Search{\&}q=intitle:Why+do+populations+cycle?.pdf{\#}4},
year = {1789}
}
@article{Hendrichsen2009,
abstract = {Statistical autoregressive analyses of direct and delayed density dependence are widespread in ecological research. The models suggest that changes in ecological factors affecting density dependence, like predation and landscape heterogeneity are directly portrayed in the first and second order autoregressive parameters, and the models are therefore used to decipher complex biological patterns. However, independent tests of model predictions are complicated by the inherent variability of natural populations, where differences in landscape structure, climate or species composition prevent controlled repeated analyses. To circumvent this problem, we applied second-order autoregressive time series analyses to data generated by a realistic agent-based computer model. The model simulated life history decisions of individual field voles under controlled variations in predator pressure and landscape fragmentation. Analyses were made on three levels: comparisons between predated and non-predated populations, between populations exposed to different types of predators and between populations experiencing different degrees of habitat fragmentation.},
author = {Hendrichsen, Ditte K and Topping, Chris J and Forchhammer, Mads C},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6785-9-10},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hendrichsen, Topping, Forchhammer{\_}2009{\_}Predation and fragmentation portrayed in the statistical structure of prey time series.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1472678591},
issn = {1472-6785},
journal = {BMC ecology},
keywords = {Animals,Arvicolinae,Arvicolinae: physiology,Computer Simulation,Ecology,Ecosystem,Environment,Models, Biological,Population Dynamics,Predatory Behavior},
month = {jan},
pages = {10},
pmid = {19419539},
title = {{Predation and fragmentation portrayed in the statistical structure of prey time series.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2689204{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {9},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Karasov1986,
abstract = {The magnitude of energy flow through individual animals and their populations is potentially limited by several physiological factors. These include thermal constraints affecting the time available for foraging, physiological design constraints affecting foraging mode and the rate of prey capture, and digestive constraints on how much food can be processed per day. Over short periods (hours or less), maximal rates of metabolism may determine survival during exposure to cold or when fleeing predators. Energetics, physiology and ecology can be usefully integrated within the context of the concept of maximum rate of energy flow.},
author = {Karasov, W H},
doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(86)90034-0},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Karasov{\_}1986{\_}Energetics, physiology and vertebrate ecology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0169-5347 (Print)$\backslash$r0169-5347 (Linking)},
issn = {01695347},
journal = {Trends in ecology {\&} evolution (Personal edition)},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {101--104},
pmid = {21227790},
title = {{Energetics, physiology and vertebrate ecology.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21227790 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534786900340},
volume = {1},
year = {1986}
}
@article{Weiner1992,
author = {Weiner, January},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Weiner{\_}1992{\_}Physiological limits to Sustainable Energy Budgets in Birds and Mammals Ecological Implications.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
number = {11},
title = {{Physiological limits to Sustainable Energy Budgets in Birds and Mammals : Ecological Implications}},
url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en{\&}btnG=Search{\&}q=intitle:Physiological+limits+to+Sustainable+Energy+Budgets+in+Birds+and+Mammals+:+Ecological+Implications{\#}0},
volume = {7},
year = {1992}
}
@misc{Corripio2012,
author = {Corripio, Maintainer Javier G},
booktitle = {CRAN package},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Corripio{\_}2012{\_}Package ‘ insol '.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Package ‘ insol '}},
year = {2012}
}
@article{PerpinanLmigueiro2010,
author = {{Perpinan Lmigueiro}, O.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Perpinan Lmigueiro{\_}2010{\_}Package ‘solaR'.pdf:pdf},
journal = {R Package Documentation},
title = {{Package ‘solaR'}},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Porter1969b,
author = {Porter, W.P. and Gates, D.M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Porter, Gates{\_}1969{\_}Thermodynamic equilibria of animals with environment.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecological Monographs},
number = {3},
pages = {227--244},
title = {{Thermodynamic equilibria of animals with environment}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1948545},
volume = {39},
year = {1969}
}
@article{Hertz1992a,
abstract = {The field thermal biology of sympatric Anolis cooki and A. eristateIlus were evaluated in January and in August in desert scrub forest at Playa de Tamarindo near Guanica, Puerto Rico. Data on randomly posi- tioned copper models of lizards, each equipped with a built-in thermocouple, established null hypotheses about basking frequency and operative temperatures (T{\~{}}) against which the behavior and body temperatures (Tb) of live lizards were evaluated. Both species exhibited non-random hourly basking rates (more marked in cris- tatellus than in cooki), and cristatellus was virtually inac- tive during the warm mid-day hours. The relationship between lizards' T b and randomly sampled T{\~{}} differed between the species: eristatellus's mean Tb was 2 {\~{}} to 3 {\~{}} C lower than randomly sampled mean To in both months, whereas cooki's mean Tb was slightly higher than mean T{\~{}} in January and slightly lower in August. Although cooki's mean T b was higher than that of cristatellus in both months, the Tb'S of the two species overlapped substantially over an annual cycle. Given the similarities in their field active T b and the low thermal heterogeneity among microsites at Playa de Tamarindo, these species appear not to partition the thermal environment there in a coarse-grained way. Instead, the relatively small dif- ferences in their field active T b probably result from small differences in their use of similar microhabitats within their mutually exclusive territories. Thermal resource partitioning by territorial animals is unlikely unless ther- mal heterogeneity is coarse-grained in relation to territo- ry size},
author = {Hertz, P. E.},
file = {::},
issn = {0029-8549},
journal = {Oecologia},
keywords = {anolis thermal biology,partitioning thermal},
pages = {127--136},
title = {{Evaluating thermal resource partitioning}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00317818},
volume = {90},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Gillooly2006,
author = {et al. Gillooly, J F},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gillooly{\_}2006{\_}Response to Clarke and Fraser effects of temperature.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
pages = {400--404},
title = {{Response to Clarke and Fraser : effects of temperature}},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Hechinger2011,
abstract = {The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the -{\&}frac34; power. This result indicates "production equivalence," where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic.},
author = {Hechinger, Ryan F and Lafferty, Kevin D and Dobson, Andy P and Brown, James H and Kuris, Armand M},
doi = {10.1126/science.1204337},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hechinger et al.{\_}2011{\_}A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Animals,Biodiversity,Biomass,Birds,Birds: metabolism,Birds: physiology,Body Size,Body Temperature,Ecosystem,Energy Metabolism,Fishes,Fishes: metabolism,Fishes: physiology,Food Chain,Invertebrates,Invertebrates: metabolism,Invertebrates: physiology,Linear Models,Parasites,Parasites: metabolism,Parasites: physiology,Population Dynamics,Regression Analysis,Vertebrates,Vertebrates: metabolism,Vertebrates: physiology},
month = {jul},
number = {6041},
pages = {445--8},
pmid = {21778398},
title = {{A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3236646{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {333},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Nikolov1992,
author = {Nikolov, N.T. and Zeller, K.F.},
doi = {10.1016/0304-3800(92)90015-7},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Nikolov, Zeller{\_}1992{\_}A solar radiation algorithm for ecosystem dynamic models.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043800},
journal = {Ecological Modelling},
month = {jun},
pages = {149--168},
title = {{A solar radiation algorithm for ecosystem dynamic models}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304380092900157},
volume = {61},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Rubincam1994,
author = {Rubincam, D. P.},
doi = {10.1007/BF00867049},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Rubincam{\_}1994{\_}Insolation in terms of Earth's orbital parameters.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0177-798X},
journal = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology},
number = {4},
pages = {195--202},
title = {{Insolation in terms of Earth's orbital parameters}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00867049},
volume = {48},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Shepard2013,
abstract = {Abstract The metabolic costs of animal movement have been studied extensively under laboratory conditions, although frequently these are a poor approximation of the costs of operating in the natural, heterogeneous environment. Construction of "energy landscapes," which relate animal locality to the cost of transport, can clarify whether, to what extent, and how movement properties are attributable to environmental heterogeneity. Although behavioral responses to aspects of the energy landscape are well documented in some fields (notably, the selection of tailwinds by aerial migrants) and scales (typically large), the principles of the energy landscape extend across habitat types and spatial scales. We provide a brief synthesis of the mechanisms by which environmentally driven changes in the cost of transport can modulate the behavioral ecology of animal movement in different media, develop example cost functions for movement in heterogeneous environments, present methods for visualizing these energy landscapes, and derive specific predictions of expected outcomes from individual- to population- and species-level processes. Animals modulate a suite of movement parameters (e.g., route, speed, timing of movement, and tortuosity) in relation to the energy landscape, with the nature of their response being related to the energy savings available. Overall, variation in movement costs influences the quality of habitat patches and causes nonrandom movement of individuals between them. This can provide spatial and/or temporal structure to a range of population- and species-level processes, ultimately including gene flow. Advances in animal-attached technology and geographic information systems are opening up new avenues for measuring and mapping energy landscapes that are likely to provide new insight into their influence in animal ecology.},
author = {Shepard, E.L.C and Wilson, R.P. and Rees, W.G. and Grundy, E. and Lambertucci, S.A. and Vosper, S.B.},
doi = {10.1086/671257},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Shepard et al.{\_}2013{\_}Energy landscapes shape animal movement ecology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1537-5323},
journal = {The American naturalist},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {298--312},
pmid = {23933722},
title = {{Energy landscapes shape animal movement ecology.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23933722},
volume = {182},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Arnett2003,
author = {Arnett, AE and Gotelli, NJ},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Arnett, Gotelli{\_}2003{\_}Bergmann's rule in larval ant lions testing the starvation resistance hypothesis.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecological Entomology},
keywords = {ant lion,bergmann,body size,immaculatus,latitudinal gradients,myrmeleon,s rule,starvation resistance},
pages = {645--650},
title = {{Bergmann's rule in larval ant lions: testing the starvation resistance hypothesis}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2003.00554.x/full},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Parmesan2006a,
abstract = {Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are heavily biased in the directions predicted from global warming and have been linked to local or regional climate change through correlations between climate and biological variation, field and laboratory experiments, and physiological research. Range-restricted species, particularly polar and mountain top species, show severe range contractions and have been the first groups in which entire species have gone extinct due to recent climate change. Tropical coral reefs and amphibians have been most negatively affected. Predator-prey and plant-insect interactions have been disrupted when interacting species have responded differently to warming. Evolutionary adaptations to warmer conditions have occurred in the interiors of species' ranges, and resource use and dispersal have evolved rapidly at expanding range margins. Observed genetic shifts modulate local effects of climate change, but there is little evidence that they will mitigate negative effects at the species level},
author = {Parmesan, Camille},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Parmesan{\_}2006{\_}Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1543-592X},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
keywords = {ANIMALS,BUTTERFLY METAPOPULATION,CLIMATE,CLIMATE-CHANGE,CORAL-REEFS,ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE,EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES,HUDSON-BAY,NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION,PLANT,PLANTS,POLAR BEARS,POPULATION ECOLOGY,RANGE,RANGE MARGINS,RANGES,REGIONAL CLIMATE,RESPONSES,SHIFT,SHIFTS,SPECIES RANGE,TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS,TIME,TIMES,UNITED-STATES,WESTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL,adaptation,animal,aquatic,climate change,condition,dispersal,distribution,evolutionary response,global warming,phenology,plant-insect interactions,range shift,terrestrial,trophic,trophic asynchrony},
number = {1},
pages = {637--669},
pmid = {243038500023},
title = {{Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100 isi:000243038500023{\%}5Cnhttp://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100},
volume = {37},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Jetz2004,
abstract = {Space used by animals increases with increasing body size. Energy requirements alone can explain how population density decreases, but not the steep rate at which home range area increases. We present a general mechanistic model that predicts the frequency of interaction, spatial overlap, and loss of resources to neighbors. Extensive empirical evidence supports the model, demonstrating that spatial constraints on defense cause exclusivity of home range use to decrease with increasing body size. In large mammals, over 90{\%} of available resources may be lost to neighbors. Our model offers a general framework to understand animal space use and sociality.},
author = {Jetz, Walter and Carbone, Chris and Fulford, Jenny and Brown, James H},
doi = {10.1126/science.1102138},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Jetz et al.{\_}2004{\_}The scaling of animal space use.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Animals,Body Constitution,Body Weight,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecosystem,Energy Metabolism,Environment,Homing Behavior,Mammals,Mammals: anatomy {\&} histology,Mammals: metabolism,Mathematics,Models, Biological,Physical Phenomena,Physics,Population Density},
month = {oct},
number = {5694},
pages = {266--8},
pmid = {15472074},
title = {{The scaling of animal space use.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472074},
volume = {306},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Prinzing2003,
author = {Prinzing, Andreas},
doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1744:AGPFTA]2.0.CO;2},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Prinzing{\_}2003{\_}Are Generalists Pressed for Time an Interspecific Test of the Time-Limited Disperser Model.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0012-9658},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {arachnida,behavioral ecology,canopy,constraint,insecta,life history,microhabitat,niche breadth,optimal foraging,search time,specialization,time-limited disperser model,use},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {1744--1755},
title = {{Are Generalists Pressed for Time? an Interspecific Test of the Time-Limited Disperser Model}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658{\%}25282003{\%}2529084{\%}255B1744{\%}253AAGPFTA{\%}255D2.0.CO{\%}253B2},
volume = {84},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Gillooly2001,
author = {Gillooly, JF and Brown, JH and West, GB and Savage, Van M. and Charnov, Eric L.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gillooly et al.{\_}2001{\_}Effects of Size and Temperature on Metabolic Rate.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science},
pages = {2248--2251},
title = {{Effects of Size and Temperature on Metabolic Rate}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/293/5538/2248.short},
volume = {293},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Anderson2006,
abstract = {Rates of ecosystem recovery following disturbance affect many ecological processes, including carbon cycling in the biosphere. Here, we present a model that predicts the temperature dependence of the biomass accumulation rate following disturbances in forests. Model predictions are derived based on allometric and biochemical principles that govern plant energetics and are tested using a global database of 91 studies of secondary succession compiled from the literature. The rate of biomass accumulation during secondary succession increases with average growing season temperature as predicted based on the biochemical kinetics of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. In addition, the rate of biomass accumulation is greater in angiosperm-dominated communities than in gymnosperm-dominated ones and greater in plantations than in naturally regenerating stands. By linking the temperature-dependence of photosynthesis to the rate of whole-ecosystem biomass accumulation during secondary succession, our model and results provide one example of how emergent, ecosystem-level rate processes can be predicted based on the kinetics of individual metabolic rate.},
author = {Anderson, Kristina J and Allen, Andrew P and Gillooly, James F and Brown, James H},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00914.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Anderson et al.{\_}2006{\_}Temperature-dependence of biomass accumulation rates during secondary succession.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461-0248},
journal = {Ecology letters},
keywords = {Biomass,Energy Metabolism,Forecasting,Kinetics,Models, Theoretical,Photosynthesis,Plant Physiological Phenomena,Population Dynamics,Temperature,Trees,Trees: growth {\&} development,Trees: metabolism},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {673--82},
pmid = {16706912},
title = {{Temperature-dependence of biomass accumulation rates during secondary succession.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16706912},
volume = {9},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Bruinzeel1998,
author = {Bruinzeel, LW and Piersma, T},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bruinzeel, Piersma{\_}1998{\_}Cost reduction in the cold heat generated by terrestrial locomotion partly substitutes for thermoregulation cost.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ibis},
title = {{Cost reduction in the cold: heat generated by terrestrial locomotion partly substitutes for thermoregulation costs in Knot Calidris canutus}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04396.x/full},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Angilletta2002,
abstract = {Eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) exhibit a distinct thermal preference that might be related to the thermal optimum for physiological performance. Sprint speed and treadmill endurance of S. undulatus were insensitive to body temperature in the ranges of 28-38°C and 25-36°C, respectively. Both locomotor and digestive performances are optimized at the preferred body temperature of S. undulatus, but thermoregulatory behavior is more closely related to the thermal sensitivity of digestive performance than that of locomotor performance. {\textcopyright} 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Angilletta, Michael J. and Hill, Tracy and Robson, Michael a.},
doi = {10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00084-5},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Angilletta, Hill, Robson{\_}2002{\_}Is physiological performance optimized by thermoregulatory behavior a case study of the eastern fence liza.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0306-4565},
issn = {03064565},
journal = {Journal of Thermal Biology},
keywords = {Body temperature,Coadaptation,Endurance,Sceloporus,Sprint speed,Thermal optimum,Thermal sensitivity},
month = {jun},
number = {3},
pages = {199--204},
title = {{Is physiological performance optimized by thermoregulatory behavior?: A case study of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306456501000845 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456501000845},
volume = {27},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Brown2006,
abstract = {The recently formulated metabolic theory of ecology has profound implications for the evolution of life histories. Metabolic rate constrains the scaling of production with body mass, so that larger organisms have lower rates of production on a mass-specific basis than smaller ones. Here, we explore the implications of this constraint for life-history evolution. We show that for a range of very simple life histories, Darwinian fitness is equal to birth rate minus death rate. So, natural selection maximizes birth and production rates and minimizes death rates. This implies that decreased body size will generally be favored because it increases production, so long as mortality is unaffected. Alternatively, increased body size will be favored only if it decreases mortality or enhances reproductive success sufficiently to override the preexisting production constraint. Adaptations that may favor evolution of larger size include niche shifts that decrease mortality by escaping predation or that increase fecundity by exploiting new abundant food sources. These principles can be generalized to better understand the intimate relationship between the genetic currency of evolution and the metabolic currency of ecology.},
author = {Brown, James H and Sibly, Richard M},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0608522103},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Brown, Sibly{\_}2006{\_}Life-history evolution under a production constraint.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological,Animals,Biological Evolution,Body Size,Ecology,Life Cycle Stages,Mathematics,Models, Biological,Reproduction},
month = {nov},
number = {47},
pages = {17595--9},
pmid = {17090668},
title = {{Life-history evolution under a production constraint.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1693791{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {103},
year = {2006}
}
@book{Gates1980a,
abstract = {This classic text discusses radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporation, surveying methods for the study of photosynthesis in plants and energy budgets in animals an excellent resource for a variety of fields, particularly ecology, agronomy, forestry, botany, and zoology.},
author = {Gates, D.M.},
booktitle = {The Journal of Ecology},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4612-6024-0},
edition = {Paperback},
editor = {Reichle, David E.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gates{\_}1980{\_}Biophysical ecology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4612-6026-4},
issn = {00220477},
number = {1},
pages = {379},
pmid = {999999},
publisher = {Dover Books on Biology},
title = {{Biophysical ecology}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en{\&}lr={\&}id=5NooAwAAQBAJ{\&}oi=fnd{\&}pg=PP1{\&}dq=Biophysical+Ecology{\&}ots=RhmavmE5-V{\&}sig=ESFiec4CQPw8REdK85PVD71G9fY http://www.jstor.org/stable/2259893?origin=crossref{\%}5Cnhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-6024-0},
volume = {70},
year = {1980}
}
@article{Sheridan2011,
author = {Sheridan, JA and Bickford, David},
doi = {10.1038/NCLIMATE1259},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Sheridan, Bickford{\_}2011{\_}Shrinking body size as an ecological response to climate change.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Nature climate change},
number = {October},
pages = {401--406},
title = {{Shrinking body size as an ecological response to climate change}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1259.html},
volume = {1},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Rapoport2010,
author = {Rapoport, Benjamin I.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000960},
editor = {Bourne, Philip E.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Rapoport{\_}2010{\_}Metabolic Factors Limiting Performance in Marathon Runners.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1553-7358},
journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {e1000960},
title = {{Metabolic Factors Limiting Performance in Marathon Runners}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000960},
volume = {6},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Spritzer2002,
author = {Spritzer, M.D.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Spritzer{\_}2002{\_}Diet, microhabitat use and seasonal activity patterns of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in hammock and upland pine.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The American Midland Naturalist},
number = {2},
publisher = {BioOne},
title = {{Diet, microhabitat use and seasonal activity patterns of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in hammock and upland pine forest}},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148{\%}255B0271:DMUASA{\%}255D2.0.CO{\%}253B2},
volume = {148},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Brock1981,
abstract = {Several approaches are presented which permit calculation by computer or hand calculator of solar radiation for any place on Earth. Some of the approaches require input of certain measured data for the location of interest, but others permit an approximation even without actual data. Calculation of solar radiation is especially useful in aquatic ecology studies on primary production, and may also be useful in ecological modeling work when solar radiation is being used as an independent variable.},
author = {Brock, T.D.},
doi = {10.1016/0304-3800(81)90011-9},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Brock{\_}1981{\_}Calculating solar radiation for ecological studies.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0304-3800},
issn = {03043800},
journal = {Ecological Modelling},
pages = {1--19},
pmid = {1507},
title = {{Calculating solar radiation for ecological studies}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304380081900119},
volume = {14},
year = {1981}
}
@article{Frazier2010,
author = {Frazier, Melanie R and Woods, H Arthur and Harrison, Jon F},
file = {:Users/Ty/Desktop/30162163.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Physiological and Biochemical Zoology},
number = {5},
pages = {641--650},
title = {{Interactive Effects of Rearing Temperature and Oxygen on the Development of Drosophila melanogaster}},
volume = {74},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Basset2012,
author = {Basset, Alberto and Cozzoli, Francesco and Paparella, Francesco},
doi = {10.1890/ES11-00249.1},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Basset, Cozzoli, Paparella{\_}2012{\_}A unifying approach to allometric scaling of resource ingestion rates under limiting conditions.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2150-8925},
journal = {Ecosphere},
keywords = {accepted 4 november 2011,body size,corresponding editor,december 2011,final version received 6,g,holling,individual-based resource perception,kleiber,metabolic,published 10 january 2012,received 25 august 2011,resource availability,revised 26 october 2011,s functional response,s law,theory,ziv},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {art2},
title = {{A unifying approach to allometric scaling of resource ingestion rates under limiting conditions}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00249.1},
volume = {3},
year = {2012}
}