Ph.D. dissertation citations.bib

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@article{Buckley2012,
abstract = {Shifts in phenology and distribution in response to both recent and paleon- tological climate changes vary markedly in both direction and extent among species. These individualistic shifts are inconsistent with common forecast- ing techniques based on environmental rather than biological niches. What biological details could enhance forecasts? Organismal characteristics such as thermal and hydric limits, seasonal timing and duration of the life cycle, ecological breadth and dispersal capacity, and fitness and evolutionary poten- tial are expected to influence climate change impacts. We review statistical and mechanistic approaches for incorporating traits in predictive models as well as the potential to use phylogeny as a proxy for traits. Traits generally account for a significant but modest fraction of the variation in phenologi- cal and range shifts. Further assembly of phenotypic and phylogenetic data coupled with the development of mechanistic approaches is essential to im- proved forecasts of the ecological consequences of climate change.},
author = {Buckley, L.B. and Kingsolver, J.G.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160516},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Buckley, Kingsolver{\_}2012{\_}Functional and phylogenetic approaches to forecasting species' responses to climate change.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1543-592X$\backslash$r1545-2069},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics},
keywords = {phenology,phenotype,phylogeny,range shift,trait},
pages = {205--226},
title = {{Functional and phylogenetic approaches to forecasting species' responses to climate change}},
volume = {43},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Fordham2012,
abstract = {The distributional ranges of many species are contracting with habitat conversion and climate change. For vertebrates, informed strategies for translocations are an essential option for decisions about their conservation management. The pygmy bluetongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis, is an endangered reptile with a highly restricted distribution, known from only a small number of natural grassland fragments in South Australia. Land-use changes over the last century have converted perennial native grasslands into croplands, pastures and urban areas, causing substantial contraction of the species' range due to loss of essential habitat. Indeed, the species was thought to be extinct until its rediscovery in 1992. We develop coupled-models that link habitat suitability with stochastic demographic processes to estimate extinction risk and to explore the efficacy of potential climate adaptation options. These coupled-models offer improvements over simple bioclimatic envelope models for estimating the impacts of climate change on persistence probability. Applying this coupled-model approach to T. adelaidensis, we show that: (i) climate-driven changes will adversely impact the expected minimum abundance of populations and could cause extinction without management intervention, (ii) adding artificial burrows might enhance local population density, however, without targeted translocations this measure has a limited effect on extinction risk, (iii) managed relocations are critical for safeguarding lizard population persistence, as a sole or joint action and (iv) where to source and where to relocate animals in a program of translocations depends on the velocity, extent and nonlinearities in rates of climate-induced habitat change. These results underscore the need to consider managed relocations as part of any multifaceted plan to compensate the effects of habitat loss or shifting environmental conditions on species with low dispersal capacity. More broadly, we provide the first step towards a more comprehensive framework for integrating extinction risk, managed relocations and climate change information into range-wide conservation management.},
author = {Fordham, D.A. and Watts, M.J. and Delean, S. and Brook, B.W. and Heard, L.M.B. and Bull, C.M.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02742.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Fordham et al.{\_}2012{\_}Managed relocation as an adaptation strategy for mitigating climate change threats to the persistence of an endanger.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1354-1013},
issn = {13541013},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
keywords = {Assisted colonization,Assisted migration,Bioclimate envelope,Coupled niche-population model,Mechanistic model,Metapopulation,Population viability analysis,Reptile,Species distribution model,Translocation},
number = {9},
pages = {2743--2755},
pmid = {24501053},
title = {{Managed relocation as an adaptation strategy for mitigating climate change threats to the persistence of an endangered lizard}},
volume = {18},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Walcott1971,
author = {Walcott, C. and Michener, M.C.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Walcott, Michener{\_}1971{\_}Sun navigation in homing pigeons—attempts to shift sun coordinates.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
pages = {291--316},
title = {{Sun navigation in homing pigeons—attempts to shift sun coordinates}},
url = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/237552244{\_}SUN{\_}NAVIGATION{\_}IN{\_}HOMING{\_}PIGEONSATTEMPTS{\_}TO{\_}SHIFT{\_}SUN{\_}COORDINATES/file/e0b49525eecd720d42.pdf},
volume = {54},
year = {1971}
}
@article{Porter1983,
address = {Cambridge},
author = {Porter, W.P. and Tracy, C.R.},
edition = {Huey, R.B.},
journal = {Lizard Ecology: Studies of a model organism},
pages = {55--83},
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
title = {{Biophysical analyses of energetics, time-space utilization, and distributional limits}},
url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en{\&}btnG=Search{\&}q=intitle:Biophysical+analysis+of+energetics,+time-space+utilization,+and+distributional+limits+of+lizards.{\#}0 http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en{\&}btnG=Search{\&}q=intitle:Biophysical+analyses+of+energet},
year = {1983}
}
@article{South1999,
author = {South, A.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/South{\_}1999{\_}Dispersal in spatially explicit population models.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
number = {5},
pages = {1039--1046},
title = {{Dispersal in spatially explicit population models}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98236.x/full},
volume = {13},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Parmesan2003,
author = {Parmesan, C. and Yohe, G.},
doi = {10.1038/nature01286},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Parmesan, Yohe{\_}2003{\_}A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6918},
pages = {37--42},
title = {{A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems.}},
volume = {421},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Barnosky2012,
author = {Barnosky, A.D. and Hadly, E.A. and Bascompte, J.},
doi = {10.1038/nature11018},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Barnosky, Hadly, Bascompte{\_}2012{\_}Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7401},
pages = {52--58},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11018 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7401/abs/nature11018.html},
volume = {486},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Alfriend2005,
author = {Alfriend, K.T. and Yan, H.},
doi = {10.2514/1.6691},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Alfriend, Yan{\_}2005{\_}Evaluation and comparison of relative motion theories.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0731-5090},
journal = {Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics},
number = {2},
pages = {254--261},
title = {{Evaluation and comparison of relative motion theories}},
volume = {28},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Pennycuick2003,
abstract = {The distance flown in gliding is proportional to the starting height, not to the starting potential energy, and it is independent of the body mass. By analogy, in powered flight, the quantity of stored fuel can be converted into a virtual "fuel energy height", defined as the height to which the fuel energy could lift the bird against gravity, if it were converted into work. This is a logarithmic function of the fuel fraction, not of the absolute amount of fuel, or of the body mass. It takes account of the strength of gravity, and of the efficiency with which fuel energy is converted into work. The "performance number" is the gradient on which a migrating bird comes "down" from its initial fuel energy height. It is mechanical (not physiological) in character, and corresponds to the lift:drag ratio in a fixed-wing aircraft. The concept of range as an initial energy height multiplied by a performance number can also be applied to swimming and running animals. Performance number, and also the related variable "cost of transport", are both independent of gravity in flying and running, but not in swimming. Migration by thermal soaring is analogous to powered flight with stopovers, except that the bird replenishes its potential energy by climbing in thermals, rather than replenishing fuel energy during stopovers. Rates of climb in thermals are typically higher than fuel energy rates of climb, but the available height band is two orders of magnitude smaller, and the intervals at which energy replenishment is needed are correspondingly shorter. Albatrosses replenish their kinetic energy by exploiting discontinuities in the wind flow over waves, requiring replenishment at intervals of tens of seconds, a further two orders of magnitude shorter than in thermal soaring. Fat energy height can be used as a measure of "condition", which is independent of the size or type of the animal. The fat energy height at which a migrant must arrive on the breeding grounds, in order to breed successfully, reflects the ecological characteristics of the habitat, not the size or character of the bird. Energy height expresses what an animal or machine can do with its stored energy, not the amount of energy. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
doi = {10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00157-7},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pennycuick{\_}2003{\_}The concept of energy height in animal locomotion Separating mechanics from physiology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-5193},
issn = {00225193},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
keywords = {Energy,Flight,Migration,Running,Swimming},
month = {sep},
pages = {189--203},
pmid = {12927526},
title = {{The concept of energy height in animal locomotion: Separating mechanics from physiology}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022519303001577 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519303001577},
volume = {224},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Jenni2003c,
abstract = {As a response to increasing spring temperature in temperate regions in recent years, populations of many plant and animal species, including migratory birds, have advanced the seasonal start of their reproduction or growth. However, the effects of climate changes on subsequent events of the annual cycle remain poorly understood. We investigated long-term changes in the timing of autumn migration in birds, a key event in the annual cycle limiting the reproductive period. Using data spanning a 42-year period, we analysed long-term changes in the passage of 65 species of migratory birds through Western Europe. The autumn passage of migrants wintering south of the Sahara has advanced in recent years, presumably as a result of selection pressure to cross the Sahel before its seasonal dry period. In contrast, migrants wintering north of the Sahara have delayed autumn passage. In addition, species with a variable rather than a fixed number of broods per year have delayed passage, possibly because they are free to attempt more broods. Recent climate changes seem to have a simple unidirectional effect on the seasonal onset of reproduction, but complex and opposing effects on the timing of subsequent events in the annual cycle, depending on the ecology and life history of a species. This complicates predictions of overall effects of global warming on avian communities.},
author = {Jenni, L. and K{\'{e}}ry, M.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2003.2394},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Jenni, K{\'{e}}ry{\_}2003{\_}Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change advances in long-distance migrants, delays in short-distance migr.pdf:pdf;:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Jenni, K{\'{e}}ry{\_}2003{\_}Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change advances in long-distance migrants, delays in short-distance m(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {Animal,Animals,Birds,Birds: physiology,Chronobiology Phenomena,Climate,Emigration and Immigration,Europe,Greenhouse Effect,Seasons,Sexual Behavior},
month = {jul},
number = {1523},
pages = {1467--1471},
pmid = {12965011},
title = {{Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change: advances in long-distance migrants, delays in short-distance migrants.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1691393{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {270},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Holyoak2008,
abstract = {Movement is important to all organisms, and accordingly it is addressed in a huge number of papers in the literature. Of nearly 26,000 papers referring to movement, an estimated 34{\%} focused on movement by measuring it or testing hypotheses about it. This enormous amount of information is difficult to review and highlights the need to assess the collective completeness of movement studies and identify gaps. We surveyed 1,000 randomly selected papers from 496 journals and compared the facets of movement studied with a suggested framework for movement ecology, consisting of internal state (motivation, physiology), motion and navigation capacities, and external factors (both the physical environment and living organisms), and links among these components. Most studies simply measured and described the movement of organisms without reference to ecological or internal factors, and the most frequently studied part of the framework was the link between external factors and motion capacity. Few studies looked at the effects on movement of navigation capacity, or internal state, and those were mainly from vertebrates. For invertebrates and plants most studies were at the population level, whereas more vertebrate studies were conducted at the individual level. Consideration of only population-level averages promulgates neglect of between-individual variation in movement, potentially hindering the study of factors controlling movement. Terminology was found to be inconsistent among taxa and subdisciplines. The gaps identified in coverage of movement studies highlight research areas that should be addressed to fully understand the ecology of movement.},
author = {Holyoak, M. and Casagrandi, R.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0800483105},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Holyoak, Casagrandi{\_}2008{\_}Trends and missing parts in the study of movement ecology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Animal Migration,Animals,Ecology,Ecology: trends,Movement},
month = {dec},
number = {49},
pages = {19060--19065},
pmid = {19060194},
title = {{Trends and missing parts in the study of movement ecology}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2614715{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract http://www.pnas.org/content/105/49/19060.short},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Papi2001,
author = {Papi, F.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Papi{\_}2001{\_}Animal navigation at the end of the century A retrospect and a look forward.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Italian Journal of Zoology},
number = {3},
pages = {171--180},
title = {{Animal navigation at the end of the century : A retrospect and a look forward}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11250000109356405 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11250000109356405},
volume = {63},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Laube2005,
abstract = {Technological advances in position?aware devices are leading to a wealth of data documenting motion. The integration of spatio?temporal data?mining techniques in GIScience is an important research field to overcome the limitations of static Geographic Information Systems with respect to the emerging volumes of data describing dynamics. This paper presents a generic geographic knowledge discovery approach for exploring the motion of moving point objects, the prime modelling construct to represent GPS tracked animals, people, or vehicles. The approach is based on the concept of geospatial lifelines and presents a formalism for describing different types of lifeline patterns that are generalizable for many application domains. Such lifeline patterns allow the identification and quantification of remarkable individual motion behaviour, events of distinct group motion behaviour, so as to relate the motion of individuals to groups. An application prototype featuring novel data?mining algorithms has been implemented and tested with two case studies: tracked soccer players and data points representing political entities moving in an abstract ideological space. In both case studies, a set of non?trivial and meaningful motion patterns could be identified, for instance highlighting the characteristic ?offside trap? behaviour in the first case and identifying trendsetting districts anticipating a political transformation in the latter case. Technological advances in position?aware devices are leading to a wealth of data documenting motion. The integration of spatio?temporal data?mining techniques in GIScience is an important research field to overcome the limitations of static Geographic Information Systems with respect to the emerging volumes of data describing dynamics. This paper presents a generic geographic knowledge discovery approach for exploring the motion of moving point objects, the prime modelling construct to represent GPS tracked animals, people, or vehicles. The approach is based on the concept of geospatial lifelines and presents a formalism for describing different types of lifeline patterns that are generalizable for many application domains. Such lifeline patterns allow the identification and quantification of remarkable individual motion behaviour, events of distinct group motion behaviour, so as to relate the motion of individuals to groups. An application prototype featuring novel data?mining algorithms has been implemented and tested with two case studies: tracked soccer players and data points representing political entities moving in an abstract ideological space. In both case studies, a set of non?trivial and meaningful motion patterns could be identified, for instance highlighting the characteristic ?offside trap? behaviour in the first case and identifying trendsetting districts anticipating a political transformation in the latter case.},
author = {Laube, P. and Imfeld, S. and Weibel, R.},
doi = {10.1080/13658810500105572},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Laube, Imfeld, Weibel{\_}2005{\_}Discovering relative motion patterns in groups of moving point objects.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1365-8816},
issn = {1365-8816},
journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
keywords = {databases,knowledge discovery in,moving point objects,pattern matching,relative motion,spatio-temporal data mining,temporal granularity},
number = {6},
pages = {639--668},
title = {{Discovering relative motion patterns in groups of moving point objects}},
volume = {19},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Hufbauer2015b,
author = {Hufbauer, R.A. and Szucs, M. and Kasyon, E. and Youngberg, C. and Koontz, M.J. and Richards, C. and Tuff, T. and Melbourne, B.A.},
doi = {10.5061/dryad.p96b7},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hufbauer et al.{\_}2015{\_}Three types of rescue can avert extinction in a changing environment.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {33},
pages = {10557--10562},
title = {{Three types of rescue can avert extinction in a changing environment}},
volume = {112},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Guilford2009,
abstract = {The migratory movements of seabirds (especially smaller species) remain poorly understood, despite their role as harvesters of marine ecosystems on a global scale and their potential as indicators of ocean health. Here we report a successful attempt, using miniature archival light loggers (geolocators), to elucidate the migratory behaviour of the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus, a small (400 g) Northern Hemisphere breeding procellariform that undertakes a trans-equatorial, trans-Atlantic migration. We provide details of over-wintering areas, of previously unobserved marine stopover behaviour, and the long-distance movements of females during their pre-laying exodus. Using salt-water immersion data from a subset of loggers, we introduce a method of behaviour classification based on Bayesian machine learning techniques. We used both supervised and unsupervised machine learning to classify each bird's daily activity based on simple properties of the immersion data. We show that robust activity states emerge, characteristic of summer feeding, winter feeding and active migration. These can be used to classify probable behaviour throughout the annual cycle, highlighting the likely functional significance of stopovers as refuelling stages.},
author = {Guilford, T. and Meade, J. and Willis, J. and Phillips, R.A. and Boyle, D. and Roberts, S. and Collett, M. and Freeman, R. and Perrins, C.M.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.1577},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Guilford et al.{\_}2009{\_}Migration and stopover in a small pelagic seabird, the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus insights from machine lear.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {Animal Migration,Animal Migration: physiology,Animals,Artificial Intelligence,Bayes Theorem,Birds,Birds: physiology,Female,Oceans and Seas,Telemetry},
month = {apr},
number = {1660},
pages = {1215--1223},
pmid = {19141421},
title = {{Migration and stopover in a small pelagic seabird, the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus: insights from machine learning.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2660961{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {276},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kreyling2011b,
abstract = {Assisted colonization as an adaptation strategy to conserve or restore biodiversity in the face of climate change deservedly evokes controversy. Assisted colonization is perceived by some as a last option for conserving endangered species and by others as a risky and unwise management effort due to current gaps of knowledge. Based on the pros and cons of the recent debate, we show that the current discussion mainly focuses on the assisted colonization of rare and endangered species beyond their natural range of distribution. We suggest that a more useful approach for the conservation of endangered species could occur by focusing on the relevant foundation or keystone species, which ensure ecosystem integrity for a multitude of dependent species by governing the habitat structure and micro-climate of the site. Examples of foundation species include dominant tree species in forests or dominant corals in coral reefs. For a given conservation or restoration need (e.g. conservation of rare species), we recommend the assisted colonization of pre-adapted ecotypes of the relevant foundation species from climates similar to future expectations for the target site. This approach could lead to climate-safe habitats for endangered species with minimal adverse effects on recipient ecosystems. {\textcopyright} 2011 Society for Ecological Restoration International.},
author = {Kreyling, J. and Bittner, T. and Jaeschke, A. and Jentsch, A. and Steinbauer, M.J. and Thiel, D. and Beierkuhnlein, C.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00777.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Kreyling et al.{\_}2011{\_}Assisted colonization A question of focal units and recipient localities(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1061-2971},
issn = {10612971},
journal = {Restoration Ecology},
keywords = {Adaptation strategy,Assisted migration,Core species,Ecosystem engineers,Managed relocation,Managed translocation,Species conservation},
number = {4},
pages = {433--440},
title = {{Assisted colonization: A question of focal units and recipient localities}},
volume = {19},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Visser2010,
abstract = {Phenology refers to the periodic appearance of life-cycle events and currently receives abundant attention as the effects of global change on phenology are so apparent. Phenology as a discipline observes these events and relates their annual variation to variation in climate. But phenology is also studied in other disciplines, each with their own perspective. Evolutionary ecologists study variation in seasonal timing and its fitness consequences, whereas chronobiologists emphasize the periodic nature of life-cycle stages and their underlying timing programmes (e.g. circannual rhythms). The (neuro-) endocrine processes underlying these life-cycle events are studied by physiologists and need to be linked to genes that are explored by molecular geneticists. In order to fully understand variation in phenology, we need to integrate these different perspectives, in particular by combining evolutionary and mechanistic approaches. We use avian research to characterize different perspectives and to highlight integration that has already been achieved. Building on this work, we outline a route towards uniting the different disciplines in a single framework, which may be used to better understand and, more importantly, to forecast climate change impacts on phenology.},
annote = {Intro







- some species show extreme reliability in year-to-year phenology (i.e. birds) while others show great variation between years. 
- temperate zone, temperature usually the best predictor of phenology.
- needed -- ability to predict phenology shifts well outside the current projected range of observed data to address climate change. Hence, we need a unified framework that incorporates an ecological and evolutionary prospective. 
- look up -- cirannual thythms.







Different Perspectives







-Phenologists -- record life-cycle events over long periods of time and relate the inter-annual variations to climatic variables.
- focus on seasonal recurrence in its own right.
- focus on first individuals or population mean rather than variation among individuals of the population.
- Individual approach -- The date that something happens is a phenotype and should be treated accordingly.
- variation in date will be the result of phenotypic plastisity and is this shaped by the interaction between the genotype and the environment.
- Evolutionary ecologist -- refer to it as "seasonal timing." Emphasize variation among individuals within years and between years. 
- "birds have been selected for their ability to have their chicks in the nest at the time of peak food abundance." -- I think the link to evolution is correct, but I don't think it has as much to do with food as it does with temperature. 
- have birds evoloved the ability to CORRECTLY interpret proximate cues (interpreted well before the actual breeding event) to hit a particular optimal date?
- cues should provide the ability to predict the future environment under which the phenotype will be selected. Including: conspecific and multi-trophic interactions. 
- these cues must actually be a suite of cues on a multi-dimensional enivronmental axis. 
- Mainly study organisms in the wild to observe fitness benifits and selection events on timing.
- Physiologists -- how do the changes within annual cycles causally come about? How can environmental cues adjust morphology, physiology, and behaviour over an annual schedule?
- strong emphasis on photoperiod. 
- hypothalamo-pituitary-honadal (HPG) axis is the well studied mechanism for translating photoperiod cues to behavioral action in birds.
- shown that temp, social, moisture, and food availability cues are also important, but the mechanism for translation is not as well known as the HPG axis.
- most of this work is done at the individual behavioral level, in a lab.
- test usually conducted under controlled temp (usually warmer than natural conditions and constant) with a heavy bias toward males rather than females (because females usually don't reach full reproductive maturity in captivity). 
- one useful proxy used in field experiments is gonadal development rather than actual egg laying. 
- Chronobiologist -- focus on internal timing programmes that enable organisms to cope with, and anticipate, geophysical cycles in the enivronment.
- this is the internal clock that persists even without external cues. 
-work on daily or yearly cycles
- seperate period (length of cycle) from phase (time when that cycle occurs). 
- less interested in variation between years or individuals 
- focus on avvual cycle and variation over the year.
- events occur based on the interplay between internal time-structuring and environmental cues. 
- seasonal clock determines how sensitive an animal is to external cues. The individual will respond to cues during some times of the year and not others. 
- for birds -- the circadian clock internally references 24 hours for the bird to compare the photoperiod to, to determine if a day is "long" (larger proportion of 24) or "short" (smaller proportion of 24). 
- If the bird is in the correct phase for photostimulation, a cascade of gene expression starts. 
- includes citations for comparisons of this process between different taxa. 
- Molecular Geneticist -- what are the genes controlling timing and how do those genes vary between individuals.
- have shown that a latitudinal gradient exists in the mean repeat lenght (more repeats at hight lats) exists in the one known candidate gene for timing. 
- females with shorter repeat lengths layed eggs earlier. 
- these studies completely absent in wild birds. 
- OTL studies are monitoring gene expression to try to find the genes controlling these cycles. Looking at both the genes that do the work and the genes that set that work into motion. 







Integration toward a single framework







- evolution is the primary controlling force. phenotype controlled by selection.
-relatively small changes in reproduction date have large fitness consequences. 
-because fitness consequences depend on a species' ecology, and the particular environment, "there is no single mechanism that fits all species."
-- I don't think this is exactly true... I'm trying to define the environment 
within with species or individual 
compete and set their date.
-a crucial step is taking account of variation between species or populations, as well as between individuals with a population. 
- 



















































animals must use cues to predict selection



















































. 
- so, the animal will use a cue that predicts indirect effects. i.e. precip -{\textgreater} grass -{\textgreater} food source.
- quails require a combined reduction in temperature and photoperiod to stop reproduction entirely. 
- the same temperature can have a stronger effect on a species during longer photoperiod than shorter photoperiod. 
- in very long photoperiods, individuals can breed under very low abient temperatures. 
- if things go wrong and you lay out of optimal zone or a severe weather event takes place, then individuals may switch to an emergency life-history stage. 
- phenotypic reaction norm -- a distribution where the breadth determines how broadly selection can act on a trait and the hight determines how strongly selection can act on a trait. 
- selection can not act on the translation and response to cues, not on date itself. probably also works on a suite of traits rather than a specific one.
-- similarities to spatial movement. 
We sense our location based on cues, 
not the location itself.
- the cues do not happen in the same environment as the reproduction. Again, prediction. 
- 














only if the environment of selection is predicted by an environmental variable can it serve as a predictive cue














. 








- Blue tit case study.








- Outlook -- where to go from here.
- climate change is effecting phenology, but how and why?
- If climate change affets the environmental variables that serve as cues differently from the from the environmental variables that form the environment at the time of selection, then the response to climate change will no longer be adaptive. Cues lose their predictive value. 
- for things to survive climate change, their phenotypic plasticity must be greater than the change in the environment.
- does learning play a role over the lifetime of individuals? probably...},
author = {Visser, M.E. and Caro, S.P.},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2010.0111},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Visser, Caro{\_}2010{\_}Phenology, seasonal timing and circannual rhythms towards a unified framework.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {avian reproduction,circannual rhythms,molecular genetics,phenology,reproductive physiology,seasonal timing},
month = {oct},
number = {1555},
pages = {3113--3127},
pmid = {20819807},
title = {{Phenology, seasonal timing and circannual rhythms: towards a unified framework}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20819807 http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1555/3113.short},
volume = {365},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Dobzhansky1950,
abstract = {None},
author = {Dobzhansky, T.},
doi = {10.2307/27826306},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dobzhansky{\_}1950{\_}Evolution in the tropics.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00030996},
issn = {00063606},
journal = {American Scientist},
number = {2},
pages = {209--221},
pmid = {49},
title = {{Evolution in the tropics}},
url = {http://www.uic.edu/labs/igic/courses/BIOS532/Dobzhansky1950.html{\%}5Cnhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/27826306 .},
volume = {38},
year = {1950}
}
@article{Hoegh-Guldberg2008a,
abstract = {Moving species outside their historic ranges may mitigate loss of biodiversity in the face of global climate change},
author = {Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and Hughes, L. and McIntyre, S. and Lindenmayer, D. B. and Parmesan, C. and Possingham, H. P. and Thomas, C. D.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1157897},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hoegh-Guldberg et al.{\_}2008{\_}Assisted colonization and rapid climate change.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
issn = {10959203},
journal = {Science},
number = {5887},
pages = {345--346},
pmid = {18635780},
title = {{Assisted colonization and rapid climate change}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1157897},
volume = {321},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Akesson2007,
author = {{\AA}kesson, S. and Hedenstr{\"{o}}m, A.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/{\AA}kesson, Hedenstr{\"{o}}m{\_}2007{\_}How migrants get there migratory performance and orientation.pdf:pdf},
journal = {BioScience},
keywords = {migration,migration routes,navigation,rules of thumb,strategies},
number = {2},
pages = {123--133},
title = {{How migrants get there: migratory performance and orientation}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1641/B570207 http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1641/B570207},
volume = {57},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Buonomano2007,
author = {Buonomano, D.V.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Buonomano{\_}2007{\_}The biology of time across different scales.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Nature Chemical Biology},
number = {10},
pages = {594--597},
title = {{The biology of time across different scales}},
url = {http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/mcb572/pdfs 2007/buomono time.pdf},
volume = {3},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Huey1989,
author = {Huey, R.B. and Kingsolver, J.G.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Huey, Kingsolver{\_}1989{\_}Evolution of thermal sensitivity of ectotherm performance.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
number = {5},
pages = {131--135},
title = {{Evolution of thermal sensitivity of ectotherm performance}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534789902115},
volume = {4},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Safi2013,
author = {Safi, K. and Kranstauber, B. and Weinzierl, R. and Griffin, L.},
doi = {10.1186/2051-3933-1-4},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Safi et al.{\_}2013{\_}Flying with the wind Scale dependency of speed and direction measurements in the modelling of wind support in avian fli.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Movement Ecology},
keywords = {aves,correspondence,de,doppler-shift,ecmwf,flight direction,flight speed,gps,ksafi,measurement error,mpg,noaa,orn,scaling},
pages = {1--13},
title = {{Flying with the wind: Scale dependency of speed and direction measurements in the modelling of wind support in avian flight}},
url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/2051-3933-1-4.pdf},
volume = {1},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Lazarus2014,
abstract = {Plants and animals have responded to past climate changes by migrating with habitable environments, sometimes shifting the boundaries of their geographic ranges by tens of kilometers per year or more. Species migrating in response to present climate conditions, however, must contend with landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic disturbance. We consider this problem in the context of wind-dispersed tree species. Mechanisms of long-distance seed dispersal make these species capable of rapid migration rates. Models of species-front migration suggest that even tree species with the capacity for long-distance dispersal will be unable to keep pace with future spatial changes in temperature gradients, exclusive of habitat fragmentation effects. Here we present a numerical model that captures the salient dynamics of migration by long-distance dispersal for a generic tree species. We then use the model to explore the possible effects of assisted colonization within a fragmented landscape under a simulated tree-planting scheme. Our results suggest that an assisted-colonization program could accelerate species-front migration rates enough to match the speed of climate change, but such a program would involve an environmental-sustainability intervention at a massive scale.},
author = {Lazarus, E.D. and McGill, B.J.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0105380},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lazarus, McGill{\_}2014{\_}Pushing the pace of tree species migration.PDF:PDF},
isbn = {1932-6203},
issn = {19326203},
journal = {PloS One},
number = {8},
pages = {e105380 1--7},
pmid = {25162663},
title = {{Pushing the pace of tree species migration}},
volume = {9},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Sanders2005,
abstract = {Various experimental studies carried out over the last 30-40 years have examined the effects of the chronic or acute exposure of laboratory animals to static magnetic fields. Many of the earlier studies have been adequately reviewed elsewhere; few adverse effects were identified. This review focuses on studies carried out more recently, mostly those using vertebrates, particularly mammals. Four main areas of investigation have been covered, viz., nervous system and behavioural studies, cardiovascular system responses, reproduction and development, and genotoxicity and cancer. Work on the role of the natural geomagnetic field in animal orientation and migration has been omitted. Generally, the acute responses found during exposure to static fields above about 4 T are consistent with those found in volunteer studies, namely the induction of flow potentials around the heart and the development of aversive/avoidance behaviour resulting from body movement in such fields. No consistently demonstrable effects of exposure to fields of approximately 1T and above have been seen on other behavioural or cardiovascular endpoints. In addition, no adverse effects of such fields on reproduction and development or on the growth and development of tumours have been firmly established. Overall, however, far too few animal studies have been carried out to reach any firm conclusions.},
author = {Sanders, R.},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.09.001},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Sanders{\_}2005{\_}Static magnetic fields animal studies.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0079-6107},
journal = {Progress in Biophysics and Melecular Biology},
keywords = {Animal,Animal: radiation effects,Animals,Behavior,Blood Flow Velocity,Blood Flow Velocity: radiation effects,Blood-Brain Barrier,Blood-Brain Barrier: radiation effects,Circadian Rhythm,Circadian Rhythm: radiation effects,DNA Damage,DNA Damage: radiation effects,Fertility,Fertility: radiation effects,Magnetics,Magnetics: adverse effects,Mice,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: radiation effects,Xenopus laevis},
pages = {225--239},
pmid = {15556661},
title = {{Static magnetic fields: animal studies}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15556661 http://www.pnas.org/content/105/6/1965.short},
volume = {87},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Gilbert1980,
abstract = {(1) This paper compares the dynamics of thimbleberry aphid on its wild perennial host at different parts of its geographical range, and examines the external factors which restrict both the dynamics and the range. The insect occurs along the Pacific coast from British Columbia to California. (2) In any one region, different populations have sharply different densities, predation loads and lengths of season, but successive generations are well synchronized in all populations of the region. (3) Population dynamics in California are similar to those further north, but the insects' temperature requirements are adjusted to local conditions. (4) The edge of the range is determined by the time (three generations) needed to maintain existing populations in every season, plus the extra time (two generations) taken to cross gaps of 1 km or more in the distribution of host plants. Populations at the edge of the range are as dense and persistent as those at the centre. (5) Egg hatch is closely timed to bud break in the host plant. The relative survival and reproductive rates of early- and late-hatching fundatrices are compared. (6) Laboratory experiments show that fecundity and proportion of sexual males are determined by host plant quality and by non-genetical maternal effects. There is little or no genetical variation. (7) The density-dependent reduction in fecundity is due to competition between adult mothers, and is equally severe in different populations.},
author = {Gilbert, N.},
doi = {10.2307/4251},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gilbert{\_}1980{\_}Comparative dynamics of a single-host aphid. I. The evidence.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218790},
journal = {The Journal of Animal Ecology},
number = {2},
pages = {351--369},
title = {{Comparative dynamics of a single-host aphid. I. The evidence}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4251},
volume = {49},
year = {1980}
}
@book{MacArthur1972,
author = {MacArthur, R.H.},
publisher = {Princeton University Press},
title = {{Geographical ecology: patterns in the distribution of species}},
year = {1972}
}
@article{Colwell2009,
author = {Colwell, R.K. and Rangel, T.F.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Colwell, Rangel{\_}2009{\_}Hutchinson's duality the once and future niche.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
pages = {19651--19658},
title = {{Hutchinson's duality: the once and future niche}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/106/Supplement{\_}2/19651.short},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Gaston2009,
abstract = {Widespread recognition of the importance of biological studies at large spatial and temporal scales, particularly in the face of many of the most pressing issues facing humanity, has fueled the argument that there is a need to reinvigorate such studies in physiological ecology through the establishment of a macrophysiology. Following a period when the fields of ecology and physiological ecology had been regarded as largely synonymous, studies of this kind were relatively commonplace in the first half of the twentieth century. However, such large-scale work subsequently became rather scarce as physiological studies concentrated on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the capacities and tolerances of species. In some sense, macrophysiology is thus an attempt at a conceptual reunification. In this article, we provide a conceptual framework for the continued development of macrophysiology. We subdivide this framework into three major components: the establishment of macrophysiological patterns, determining the form of those patterns (the very general ways in which they are shaped), and understanding the mechanisms that give rise to them. We suggest ways in which each of these components could be developed usefully.},
author = {Gaston, K.J. and Chown, S.L. and Calosi, P. and Bernardo, J. and Bilton, D.T. and Clarke, A. and Clusella-Trullas, S. and Ghalambor, C.K. and Konarzewski, M. and Peck, L.S. and Porter, W.P. and P{\"{o}}rtner, H.O. and Rezende, E.L. and Schulte, P.M. and Spicer, J.I. and Stillman, J.H. and Terblanche, J.S. and van Kleunen, M.},
doi = {10.1086/605982},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gaston et al.{\_}2009{\_}Macrophysiology a conceptual reunification.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1740551109},
issn = {1537-5323},
journal = {The American naturalist},
keywords = {Biological,Ecosystem,Models,Physiology},
number = {5},
pages = {595--612},
pmid = {19788354},
title = {{Macrophysiology: a conceptual reunification.}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/605982 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788354},
volume = {174},
year = {2009}
}
@book{Mendez2014a,
abstract = {This book presents the fundamental theory for non-standard diffusion problems in movement ecology. L{\'{e}}vy processes and anomalous diffusion have shown to be both powerful and useful tools for qualitatively and quantitatively describing a wide variety of spatial population ecological phenomena and dynamics, such as invasion fronts and search strategies.},
address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
author = {M{\'{e}}ndez, V. and Campos, D. and Bartumeus, F.},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-39010-4},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/M{\'{e}}ndez, Campos, Bartumeus{\_}2014{\_}Stochastic foundations in movement ecology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-3-642-39009-8},
pages = {321},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Springer Series in Synergetics},
title = {{Stochastic foundations in movement ecology}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-39010-4},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Yeow2001,
author = {Yeow, T.S.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Yeow{\_}2001{\_}The analemma for latitudinally-challenged people.pdf:pdf},
journal = {National University of Singapore Publication},
title = {{The analemma for latitudinally-challenged people}},
url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.139.8420{\&}rep=rep1{\&}type=pdf},
volume = {2},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Shaffer2006,
abstract = {Electronic tracking tags have revolutionized our understanding of broad-scale movements and habitat use of highly mobile marine animals, but a large gap in our knowledge still remains for a wide range of small species. Here, we report the extraordinary transequatorial postbreeding migrations of a small seabird, the sooty shearwater, obtained with miniature archival tags that log data for estimating position, dive depth, and ambient temperature. Tracks (262+/-23 days) reveal that shearwaters fly across the entire Pacific Ocean in a figure-eight pattern while traveling 64,037+/-9,779 km roundtrip, the longest animal migration ever recorded electronically. Each shearwater made a prolonged stopover in one of three discrete regions off Japan, Alaska, or California before returning to New Zealand through a relatively narrow corridor in the central Pacific Ocean. Transit rates as high as 910+/-186 km.day-1 were recorded, and shearwaters accessed prey resources in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere's most productive waters from the surface to 68.2 m depth. Our results indicate that sooty shearwaters integrate oceanic resources throughout the Pacific Basin on a yearly scale. Sooty shearwater populations today are declining, and because they operate on a global scale, they may serve as an important indicator of climate change and ocean health.},
author = {Shaffer, S.A. and Tremblay, Y. and Weimerskirch, H. and Scott, D. and Thompson, D.R. and Sagar, P.M. and Moller, Henrik and Taylor, Graeme a and Foley, David G and Block, Barbara a and Costa, Daniel P},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0603715103},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Shaffer et al.{\_}2006{\_}Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Animal Identification Systems,Animal Migration,Animal Migration: physiology,Animals,Birds,Birds: physiology,Pacific Ocean,Rain,Seasons},
month = {aug},
number = {34},
pages = {12799--12802},
pmid = {16908846},
title = {{Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1568927{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract http://www.pnas.org/content/103/34/12799.short},
volume = {103},
year = {2006}
}
@book{Darwin1859,
author = {Darwin, C.},
title = {{On the origin of species by natural selection}},
year = {1859}
}
@article{Pennycuick1998,
abstract = {The mechanical power required from a bird's flight muscles was recalculated at regular intervals (default 6 min), and the energy consumed in the interval was accounted for by reducing fuel reserves, which also reduced the all-up mass and the body cross-sectional area. Part of the energy requirement was met by consuming flight muscle tissue, according to one of three alternative "muscle burn criteria". These were (1) specific work held constant, (2) power density held constant and (3) muscle mass held constant, i.e. no muscle consumed. Holding the specific work constant produced results in the best agreement with the results of other studies. This criterion was therefore selected to compare simulated flights of three very different species whose flight and migrations have been extensively studied, (1) Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia), (2) Knot (Calidris canutus) and (3) Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus). The ratio of protein to fat consumed ranged from 0.19 to 0.36, depending mainly on the starting value assumed for the muscle fraction. Specific work and starting power density were much higher for the Whooper Swan than for the two smaller species, suggesting that the latter have power to spare for climbing to high cruising altitudes, whereas the swan has not. If all three species were able to reach high cruising altitudes, the result would be a large reduction in journey time, which in turn would result in a small increase in range, due to a saving of energy required for basal metabolism. On current assumptions, the proportion of the fuel energy spent on basal metabolism would be eight times higher in the Thrush Nightingale than in the Whooper Swan, consequently the gain in range due to flying high would be greater in the smaller bird. In order to run the simulation, assumptions have been made at the primary physical level, to calculate the mechanical power required, and also at the secondary physiological level, to convert this into fuel consumption. The physical assumptions mostly take the form of variables whose existence is not in doubt, but whose values are poorly known, whereas in the case of some of the most important physiological variables, even the principles are unknown. Attention is drawn to a number of problems in need of attention, including (1) the mass and energy requirements of respiratory and circulatory organs required to sustain aerobically a given level of mechanical power; (2) the capabilities of bird lungs at high altitudes; (3) the possibility that heart muscle and lung tissue may be consumed in flight; (4) the two "biological constants", isometric force per myosin fibril and inverse power density of mitochondria; (5) the energy density of different fuels, and the conversion efficiency of the flight muscles; and (6) the manner in which basal metabolism combines with other demands for power in an exercising animal. Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited},
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
doi = {10.1006/jtbi.1997.0572},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pennycuick{\_}1998{\_}Computer simulation of fat and muscle burn in long-distance bird migration.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-8541},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
month = {mar},
pages = {47--61},
pmid = {9593656},
title = {{Computer simulation of fat and muscle burn in long-distance bird migration}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9593656 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519397905725},
volume = {191},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Chevin2010,
abstract = {Many species are experiencing sustained environmental change mainly due to human activities. The unusual rate and extent of anthropogenic alterations of the environment may exceed the capacity of developmental, genetic, and demographic mechanisms that populations have evolved to deal with environmental change. To begin to understand the limits to population persistence, we present a simple evolutionary model for the critical rate of environmental change beyond which a population must decline and go extinct. We use this model to highlight the major determinants of extinction risk in a changing environment, and identify research needs for improved predictions based on projected changes in environmental variables. Two key parameters relating the environment to population biology have not yet received sufficient attention. Phenotypic plasticity, the direct influence of environment on the development of individual phenotypes, is increasingly considered an important component of phenotypic change in the wild and should be incorporated in models of population persistence. Environmental sensitivity of selection, the change in the optimum phenotype with the environment, still crucially needs empirical assessment. We use environmental tolerance curves and other examples of ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change to illustrate how these mechanistic approaches can be developed for predictive purposes.},
author = {Chevin, L.M. and Lande, R. and Mace, G.M.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1000357},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Chevin, Lande, Mace{\_}2010{\_}Adaptation, plasticity, and extinction in a changing environment towards a predictive theory.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1545-7885},
journal = {PLoS biology},
keywords = {Adaptation,Animals,Biological,Biological Evolution,Climate Change,Environment,Extinction,Forecasting,Genetic,Genetic Variation,Humans,Models,Phenotype,Physiological,Selection},
month = {jan},
number = {4},
pages = {e1000357 1--8},
pmid = {20463950},
title = {{Adaptation, plasticity, and extinction in a changing environment: towards a predictive theory.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2864732{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {8},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Woodward1990,
abstract = {The physiological responses of plants to elevated CO2 have not been incorporated into most models of ecosystem function under changed climate. These responses are now well documented, and recent work demonstrates that they can be readily included in ecosystem models. Simulations show that the effects of elevated CO2 levels on transpiration and gas exchange will increase the sensitivity of community structure (particularly of forests) to climate change. ?? 1990.},
author = {Woodward, F. I.},
doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(90)90087-T},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Woodward{\_}1990{\_}Global change Translating plant ecophysiological responses to ecosystems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0169-5347},
issn = {01695347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
number = {9},
pages = {308--311},
pmid = {21232380},
title = {{Global change: Translating plant ecophysiological responses to ecosystems}},
volume = {5},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Hummel2000,
abstract = {To investigate the responses of Cordia alliodora associated with tree density, three permanent Nelder plots and 31 temporary 0.09 ha plots in northern Costa Rica, representing a range of densities (100-195 883 per hectare), ages (1-45 years), and elevation (30-430 m), were measured between 1993 and 1996. Tree height, age, stem diameter at breast height, and crown diameter were analyzed with regression techniques. The height of C. alliodora was significantly associated with tree age and stem diameter, but not with density. Stem diameter decreased with increasing tree density. Results were consistent with competition-density patterns observed in temperate forest trees. The ratio between the crown diameter and stem diameter in C. alliodora was not significantly related to density, although this ratio varied directly with tree age. These results suggest that the merchantable yield of C. alliodora in the low-elevation moist tropics of Atlantic Costa Rica may be increased via stand-density management. Study results also indicate that silvicultural research techniques developed in temperate forests can be used to study tropical species. Tropical trees that regenerate in even-aged stands and that permit an estimate of age are the best candidates for such techniques. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.},
author = {Hummel, S.},
doi = {10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00120-6},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hummel{\_}2000{\_}Height, diameter and crown dimensions of Cordia alliodora associated with tree density.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0378-1127},
issn = {03781127},
journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
keywords = {Competition density relations,Costa Rica,La selva biological station,Nelder density plots},
number = {1-3},
pages = {31--40},
pmid = {3336},
title = {{Height, diameter and crown dimensions of Cordia alliodora associated with tree density}},
volume = {127},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Shaw2013,
abstract = {Migration, the seasonal movement of individuals among different locations, is a behavior found throughout the animal kingdom. Although migration is widely studied at taxonomically restricted levels, cross-taxonomic syntheses of migration are less common. As a result, we lack answers to broad questions such as what ultimate factors generally drive animal migration. Here we present such a synthesis by using a spatially explicit, individual-based model in which we evolve behavior rules via simulations under a wide range of ecological conditions to answer two questions. First, under what types of ecological conditions can an individual maximize its fitness by migrating (vs. being a resident)? Second, what types of information do individuals use to guide their movement? We show that migration is selected for when resource distributions are dominated more by seasonality than by local patchiness, and residency (nonmigratory behavior) is selected for when the reverse is true. When selected for, migration evolves as both a movement behavior and an information usage strategy. We also find that different types of migration can evolve, depending on the ecological conditions and availability of information. Finally, we present empirical support for our main results, drawn from migration patterns exhibited by a variety of taxonomic groups.},
author = {Shaw, A.K. and Couzin, I.D.},
doi = {10.1086/668600},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Shaw, Couzin{\_}2013{\_}Migration or residency The evolution of movement behavior and information usage in seasonal environments.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0003-0147},
issn = {1537-5323},
journal = {The American Naturalist},
keywords = {Animal Migration,Animals,Biological,Biological Evolution,Environment,Genetic,Genetic Fitness,Models,Seasons,Selection},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {114--124},
pmid = {23234849},
title = {{Migration or residency? The evolution of movement behavior and information usage in seasonal environments.}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/10.1086/668600 http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/668600 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23234849},
volume = {181},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Cunningham2016,
abstract = {A long-standing macroecological hypothesis posits that species range limits are primarily determined by abiotic factors (e.g. climate) at poleward boundaries and biotic factors (e.g. competition) at equatorward boundaries. Using correlative environmental niche models we test this hypothesis for 214 amphibian and reptile species endemic to the United States (U.S.). As predicted, we find a closer association between climate and northern (poleward) range limits than at southern (equatorward) boundaries. However when we separately analyze amphibians and reptiles, only reptiles show the predicted pattern; amphibians show the opposite pattern. We also find more unoccupied, but climatically habitable, area beyond species' southern range limits for reptiles but not amphibians. This suggests that factors other than climate limit distributions at southern boundaries for reptiles and at northern boundaries for amphibians. These contrasting results suggest that even in the same biogeographic regions, this macroecological hypothesis does not hold. Further studies should investigate, preferably via experimental approaches, the proximate and ultimate mechanisms responsible for range limits.},
author = {Cunningham, H.R. and Rissler, L.J. and Buckley, L.B. and Urban, M.C.},
doi = {10.1111/ecog.01369},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Cunningham et al.{\_}2016{\_}Abiotic and biotic constraints across reptile and amphibian ranges.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0906-7590},
issn = {16000587},
journal = {Ecography},
number = {1},
pages = {1--8},
title = {{Abiotic and biotic constraints across reptile and amphibian ranges}},
volume = {39},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Angert2005,
author = {Angert, A.L. and Schemske, D.W.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Angert, Schemske{\_}2005{\_}The evolution of species' distributions reciprocal transplants across the elevation ranges of Mimulus cardinalis.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0014-3820},
journal = {Evolution},
keywords = {2005,accepted june 6,distribution,elevation gradient,range limit,received february 24,reciprocal transplant,survivorship analysis},
number = {8},
pages = {1671--1684},
title = {{The evolution of species' distributions: reciprocal transplants across the elevation ranges of Mimulus cardinalis and M. lewisii}},
volume = {59},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Makarieva2013b,
abstract = {Phase transitions of atmospheric water play a ubiquitous role in the Earth's climate system, but their direct impact on atmospheric dynamics has escaped wide attention. Here we examine and advance a theory as to how condensation influences atmospheric pressure through the mass removal of water from the gas phase with a simultaneous account of the latent heat release. Building from the fundamental physical principles we show that condensation is associated with a decline in air pressure in the lower atmosphere. This decline occurs up to a certain height, which ranges from 3 to 4 km for surface temperatures from 10 to 30 deg C. We then estimate the horizontal pressure differences associated with water vapor condensation and find that these are comparable in magnitude with the pressure differences driving observed circulation patterns. The water vapor delivered to the atmosphere via evaporation represents a store of potential energy available to accelerate air and thus drive winds. Our estimates suggest that the global mean power at which this potential energy is released by condensation is around one per cent of the global solar power -- this is similar to the known stationary dissipative power of general atmospheric circulation. We conclude that condensation and evaporation merit attention as major, if previously overlooked, factors in driving atmospheric dynamics.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1004.0355},
author = {Makarieva, A.M. and Gorshkov, V.G. and Sheil, D. and Nobre, A.D. and Li, B.L.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-13-1039-2013},
eprint = {1004.0355},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Makarieva et al.{\_}2013{\_}Where do winds come from A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1310392013},
issn = {16807316},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
pages = {1039--1056},
title = {{Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics}},
volume = {13},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Chen2011a,
abstract = {The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported. The distances moved by species are greatest in studies showing the highest levels of warming, with average latitudinal shifts being generally sufficient to track temperature changes. However, individual species vary greatly in their rates of change, suggesting that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change. Rapid average shifts derive from a wide diversity of responses by individual species.},
author = {Chen, I.C. and Hill, J.K. and Ohlem{\"{u}}ller, R. and Roy, D.B and Thomas, C.D.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1206432},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Chen et al.{\_}2011{\_}Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Altitude,Animal,Animals,Behavior,Climate Change,Ecosystem,Environment,Geography,Population Dynamics,Species Specificity,Time Factors},
month = {aug},
number = {6045},
pages = {1024--1026},
pmid = {21852500},
title = {{Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852500},
volume = {333},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Elton1954,
abstract = {Elton, C.S.},
author = {Elton, C.S. and Miller, R.S.},
doi = {10.2307/2256872},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Elton, Miller{\_}1954{\_}The ecological survey of animal communities with a practical system of classifying habitats by structural characters.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-0477},
issn = {0022-0477},
journal = {The Journal of Ecology},
number = {2},
pages = {460--496},
pmid = {617},
publisher = {JSTOR},
title = {{The ecological survey of animal communities: with a practical system of classifying habitats by structural characters}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2256872},
volume = {42},
year = {1954}
}
@article{Zhou2010,
author = {Zhou, Y. and Kot, M.},
doi = {10.1007/s12080-010-0071-3},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Zhou, Kot{\_}2010{\_}Discrete-time growth-dispersal models with shifting species ranges.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1208001000},
issn = {1874-1738},
journal = {Theoretical Ecology},
keywords = {climate change,integrodifference equation,population persistence,range shift},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {13--25},
title = {{Discrete-time growth-dispersal models with shifting species ranges}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12080-010-0071-3},
volume = {4},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Alerstam2007,
abstract = {Flight speed is expected to increase with mass and wing loading among flying animals and aircraft for fundamental aerodynamic reasons. Assuming geometrical and dynamical similarity, cruising flight speed is predicted to vary as (body mass)(1/6) and (wing loading)(1/2) among bird species. To test these scaling rules and the general importance of mass and wing loading for bird flight speeds, we used tracking radar to measure flapping flight speeds of individuals or flocks of migrating birds visually identified to species as well as their altitude and winds at the altitudes where the birds were flying. Equivalent airspeeds (airspeeds corrected to sea level air density, Ue) of 138 species, ranging 0.01-10 kg in mass, were analysed in relation to biometry and phylogeny. Scaling exponents in relation to mass and wing loading were significantly smaller than predicted (about 0.12 and 0.32, respectively, with similar results for analyses based on species and independent phylogenetic contrasts). These low scaling exponents may be the result of evolutionary restrictions on bird flight-speed range, counteracting too slow flight speeds among species with low wing loading and too fast speeds among species with high wing loading. This compression of speed range is partly attained through geometric differences, with aspect ratio showing a positive relationship with body mass and wing loading, but additional factors are required to fully explain the small scaling exponent of Ue in relation to wing loading. Furthermore, mass and wing loading accounted for only a limited proportion of the variation in Ue. Phylogeny was a powerful factor, in combination with wing loading, to account for the variation in Ue. These results demonstrate that functional flight adaptations and constraints associated with different evolutionary lineages have an important influence on cruising flapping flight speed that goes beyond the general aerodynamic scaling effects of mass and wing loading.},
author = {Alerstam, T. and Ros{\'{e}}n, M. and B{\"{a}}ckman, J. and Ericson, G.P. and Hellgren, O.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Alerstam et al.{\_}2007{\_}Flight speeds among bird species allometric and phylogenetic effects.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1545-7885},
journal = {PLoS biology},
keywords = {Animal,Animal Migration,Animals,Biological,Biological Evolution,Biomechanical Phenomena,Biometry,Birds,Birds: anatomy {\&} histology,Birds: classification,Birds: physiology,Body Size,Flight,Models,Phylogeny,Radar},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {e197 1656--1662},
pmid = {17645390},
title = {{Flight speeds among bird species: allometric and phylogenetic effects.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1914071{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {5},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Aubin2011,
abstract = {Aubin, I., Garbe, C. M., Colombo, S., Drever, C. R., Mckenney, D. W., Messier, C., {\ldots} Saner, M. A. (2011). Why we disagree about assisted migration 1 : Ethical implications of a key debate regarding the future of Canada ' s forests. The Forestry Chronicle, 87(6), 755–765.},
author = {Aubin, I and Garbe, C.M. and Colombo, S. and Drever, C.R. and Mckenney, D.W. and Messier, C. and Pedlar, J. and Saner, M.A.},
doi = {10.5558/tfc2011-092},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Aubin et al.{\_}2011{\_}Why we disagree about assisted migration 1 Ethical implications of a key debate regarding the future of Canada's for.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {6138312236},
issn = {0015-7546},
journal = {The Forestry Chronicle},
keywords = {assisted colonization,climate change,environmental ethics,forest management,species conservation},
number = {6},
pages = {755--765},
title = {{Why we disagree about assisted migration 1: Ethical implications of a key debate regarding the future of Canada's forests}},
volume = {87},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Alerstam2003,
abstract = {Long-distance migration has evolved in many organisms moving through different media and using various modes of locomotion and transport. Migration continues to evolve or become suppressed as shown by ongoing dynamic and rapid changes of migration patterns. This great evolutionary flexibility may seem surprising for such a complex attribute as migration. Even if migration in most cases has evolved basically as a strategy to maximise fitness in a seasonal environment, its occurrence and extent depend on a multitude of factors. We give a brief overview of different factors (e.g. physical, geographical, historical, ecological) likely to facilitate and/or constrain the evolution of long-distance migration and discuss how they are likely to affect migration. The basic driving forces for migration are ecological and biogeographic factors like seasonality, spatiotemporal distributions of resources, habitats, predation and competition. The benefit of increased resource availability will be balanced by costs associated with the migratory process in terms of time (incl. losses of prior occupancy advantages), energy and mortality (incl. increased exposure to parasites). Furthermore, migration requires genetic instructions (allowing substantial room for learning in some of the traits) about timing, duration and distance of migration as well as about behavioural and physiological adaptations (fuelling, organ flexibility, locomotion, use of environmental transport etc) and control of orientation and navigation. To what degree these costs and requirements put constraints on migra- tion often depends on body size according to different scaling relationships. From this expose ´ it is clear that research on migration warrants a multitude of techniques and approaches for a complete as possible understanding of a very complex evolu- tionary syndrome. In addition, we also present examples of migratory distances in a variety of taxons. In recent years new techniques, especially satellite radio telemetry, provide new information of unprecedented accuracy about journeys of individual animals, allowing re-evaluation of migration, locomotion and navigation theories.},
author = {Alerstam, T. and Hedenstrom, A. and Akesson, S.},
doi = {migration dispersion evolution adaptation strategie tactique contrainte comportement physiologie orientation},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Alerstam, Hedenstrom, Akesson{\_}2003{\_}Long-distance migration evolution and determinants.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0030-1299},
issn = {0030-1299},
journal = {Oikos},
pages = {247--260},
pmid = {642},
title = {{Long-distance migration: evolution and determinants}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12559.x/full},
volume = {103},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Pedlar2012,
author = {Pedlar, J.H. and Kenney, D.W.M and Aubin, I. and Beardmore, T. and Beaulieu, J. and Iverson, L. and Neill, G.A.O. and Winder, R.S. and Ste-marie, C.},
doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.10},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pedlar et al.{\_}2012{\_}Placing forestry in the assisted migration debate.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00063568},
journal = {BioScience},
keywords = {assisted migration,climate change,conservation,forestry,trees},
number = {9},
pages = {835--842},
title = {{Placing forestry in the assisted migration debate}},
url = {http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.10},
volume = {62},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Hufbauer2015a,
abstract = {Wootton and Pfister (1) note the striking contrast between the results of their elegant field study (2) and our laboratory study (3), both of which manipulated genetic diversity and population size independently. Wootton and Pfister (1) found that population size most strongly influences extinction risk, whereas we (3) found that genetic diversity matters as much as population size in reducing extinction, and that genetic diversity also increases long-term growth rates of extant populations. Given the implications for management of small populations, it is crucial to understand why our results differ.},
author = {Hufbauer, R.A. and Szűcs, M. and Kasyon, E. and Youngberg, C. and Koontz, M.J. and Richards, C. and Tuff, T. and Melbourne, B.A.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1517210112},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hufbauer et al.{\_}2015{\_}Reply to Wootton and Pfister The search for general context should include synthesis with laboratory model syste(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1516561112},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {44},
pages = {E5904--E5904},
pmid = {26483510},
title = {{Reply to Wootton and Pfister: The search for general context should include synthesis with laboratory model systems.}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/16/1517210112.extract.html?etoc},
volume = {12},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Prince1985,
abstract = {(1) Lactuca serriola is a winter or spring annual weed confined in England to the south-east. Each summer from 1976 to 1981 counts were made of the numbers of L. serriola plants between posts 100 m apart along the whole length of the M5 motorway from Exeter to Birmingham (250 km). This motorway twice crosses the geographical distribution limit of L. serriola and its verges provide a set of habitable sites for the species in which local variation is minimized so that geographical trends in its abundance can be discerned. (2) Its distribution on the motorway was closely related to altitude; it seldom occurred above 85 m, but below 60 m it was common. Colonies of the plant did not become smaller or sparser towards its northern or southern distribution limits which were therefore abrupt both spatially and relative to the environmental gradients. These facts suggest that very small changes in the controlling factors may determine the position of the limit. (3) There was a large and unexpected increase in its abundance and range in 1977 as compared with 1976. This appears to have been caused by the exceptional hot dry weather of 1976. In subsequent years its population density slowly returned to that of 1976. (4) Abrupt geographical distribution limits of the sort described here have seldom been identified, but they may be frequent in fugitive species.},
author = {Prince, S.D. and Carter, R.N. and Dancy, K.J.},
doi = {10.2307/2259766},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Prince, Carter, Dancy{\_}1985{\_}The geographical distribution of Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca Serriola) II. Characteristics of populations near i.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00220477},
issn = {00220477},
journal = {Journal of Ecology},
number = {1},
pages = {39--48},
title = {{The geographical distribution of Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca Serriola): II. Characteristics of populations near its distribution limit in Britain}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2259766},
volume = {73},
year = {1985}
}
@article{Liechti1996,
author = {Liechti, F. and Ehrich, D. and Bruderer, B.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Liechti, Ehrich, Bruderer{\_}1996{\_}Flight Behaviour of White Storks ciconia ciconia on thier migration over southern israel.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ardea},
number = {1/2},
pages = {3--13},
title = {{Flight Behaviour of White Storks ciconia ciconia on thier migration over southern israel}},
url = {http://infonet.vogelwarte.ch/upload/00544921.pdf},
volume = {84},
year = {1996}
}
@incollection{Bjorkstedt2012,
author = {Bjorkstedt, E.P.},
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology},
pages = {632--636},
title = {{Ricker model}},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Anstis2014,
author = {Anstis, S. and Kaneko, S.},
doi = {10.1068/i0695sas},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Anstis, Kaneko{\_}2014{\_}Illusory drifting within a window that moves across a flickering background.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20416695},
journal = {i-Perception},
keywords = {Illusion,Motion,Position-shift,Reverse-phi},
number = {7},
pages = {585--588},
title = {{Illusory drifting within a window that moves across a flickering background}},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Ricker1954,
author = {Ricker, W.E.},
journal = {Journal of Fisheries},
number = {5},
pages = {559--623},
title = {{Stock and recruitment}},
volume = {11.5},
year = {1954}
}
@article{Chown2004,
author = {Chown, S.L.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Chown{\_}2004{\_}Macrophysiology large-scale patterns in physiological.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
pages = {159--167},
title = {{Macrophysiology: large-scale patterns in physiological}},
volume = {18},
year = {2004}
}
@book{Yahya2003,
author = {Yahya, S.M.},
pages = {625},
publisher = {New Age International},
title = {{Fundamentals of compressible flow: SI units with aircraft and rocket propulsion}},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Gwinner1996,
author = {Gwinner, E.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gwinner{\_}1996{\_}Circadian and circannual programmes in avian migration.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
keywords = {birds,circadian rhythm,circannual rhythm,migration},
pages = {39--48},
title = {{Circadian and circannual programmes in avian migration}},
url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/content/199/1/39.short},
volume = {48},
year = {1996}
}
@misc{Mathot2012,
author = {Mathot, S.},
booktitle = {www.cogsci.nl},
title = {{Relative motion in Super Mario land}},
url = {http://www.cogsci.nl/illusions/relative-motion-in-super-mario-land},
urldate = {2016-07-13},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Green2010,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Assisted migration or translocation of species to ameliorate effects of habitat loss or changing environment is currently under scrutiny as a conservation tool. A large scale experiment of assisted migration over hundreds of kilometres was tested on a morph from a commercial fishery of southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii, to enhance depleted populations, improve the yield and sustainability of the fishery, and test resilience to a changing climate.$\backslash$n$\backslash$nMETHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Approximately 10,000 lower-valued, pale-coloured lobsters were moved from deep water to inshore sites (2 in Tasmania [TAS] and 2 in South Australia [SA]) where the high-value, red morph occurs. In TAS this was a northwards movement of 1° latitude. Growth was measured only in TAS lobsters, and reproductive status was recorded in lobsters from all locations. Pale females (TAS) grew 4 times faster than resident pale lobsters from the original site and twice as fast as red lobsters at their new location. Approximately 30{\%} of translocated pale lobsters deferred reproduction for one year after release (SA and TAS), and grew around 1 mm yr(-1) less compared to translocated pale lobsters that did not defer reproduction. In spite of this stress response to translocation, females that deferred reproduction still grew 2-6 mm yr(-1) more than lobsters at the source site. Lobsters have isometric growth whereby volume increases as a cube of length. Consequently despite the one-year hiatus in reproduction, increased growth increases fecundity of translocated lobsters, as the increase in size provided a larger volume for producing and incubating eggs in future years.$\backslash$n$\backslash$nCONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Assisted migration improved egg production and growth, despite a temporary stress response, and offers a tool to improve the production, sustainability and resilience of the fishery.},
author = {Green, B.S. and Gardner, C. and Linnane, A. and Hawthorne, P.J.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0014160},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Green et al.{\_}2010{\_}The good, the bad and the recovery in an assisted migration.PDF:PDF},
isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)$\backslash$n1932-6203 (Linking)},
issn = {19326203},
journal = {PLoS One},
number = {11},
pages = {e14160 1--8},
pmid = {21151965},
title = {{The good, the bad and the recovery in an assisted migration}},
volume = {5},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Cahill2012,
abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical support. We find 136 case studies of climatic impacts that are potentially relevant to this topic. However, only seven ident- ified proximate causes of demonstrated local extinctions due to anthropogenic climate change. Among these seven studies, the proximate causes vary widely. Surprisingly, none show a straightforward relation- ship between local extinction and limited tolerances to high temperature. Instead, many studies implicate species interactions as an important proximate cause, especially decreases in food availability. We find very similar patterns in studies showing decreases in abundance associated with climate change, and in those studies showing impacts of climatic oscillations. Collectively, these results highlight our disturbingly limited knowledge of this crucial issue but also support the idea that changing species interactions are an important cause of documented population declines and extinctions related to climate change. Finally, we briefly outline general research strategies for identifying these proximate causes in future studies.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {20083154849},
author = {Cahill, A. E. and Aiello-Lammens, M. E. and Fisher-Reid, M. C. and Hua, X. and Karanewsky, C. J. and {Yeong Ryu}, H. and Sbeglia, G. C. and Spagnolo, F. and Waldron, J. B. and Warsi, O. and Wiens, J. J.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.1890},
eprint = {20083154849},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Cahill et al.{\_}2012{\_}How does climate change cause extinction.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0962-8452},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {climate change,extinction,physiological tolerances,species interactions},
number = {1750},
pages = {1--9},
pmid = {23075836},
title = {{How does climate change cause extinction?}},
url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1750/20121890.short http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rspb.2012.1890},
volume = {280},
year = {2012}
}
@book{Barros2014,
abstract = {The Working Group III Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN) presents an assessment of the literature on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of the contribution of six renewable energy (RE) sources to the mitigation of climate change. It is intended to provide policy relevant information to governments, intergovernmental processes and other interested parties. This Summary for Policymakers provides an overview of the SRREN, summarizing the essential findings.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Barros, V.R. and Dokken, D.J. and Mach, K.J. and Mastrandrea, M.D. and Bilir, T.E. and Chatterjee, M and Ebi, K.L. and Estrada, Y.O. and Genova, B. and Girma, B. and Kissel, E.S. and Levy, A.N. and MacCracken, S. and Mastrandrea, P.R. and White, L.L.},
booktitle = {Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change},
doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2009.11.012},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Barros et al.{\_}2014{\_}Summary for policymakers.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781139177245},
issn = {09601481},
keywords = {adaptation,climate change impacts,vulnerability},
pages = {1--32},
pmid = {12515354},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
title = {{Summary for policymakers}},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Parmesan2013,
abstract = {There is increasing pressure from policymakers for ecologists to generate more detailed 'attribution' analyses aimed at quantitatively estimating relative contributions of different driving forces, including anthropogenic climate change (ACC), to observed biological changes. Here, we argue that this approach is not productive for ecological studies. Global meta-analyses of diverse species, regions and ecosystems have already given us 'very high confidence' [sensu Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)] that ACC has impacted wild species in a general sense. Further, for well-studied species or systems, synthesis of experiments and models with long-term observations has given us similarly high confidence that they have been impacted by regional climate change (regardless of its cause). However, the role of greenhouse gases in driving these impacts has not been estimated quantitatively. Should this be an ecological research priority? We argue that development of quantitative ecological models for this purpose faces several impediments, particularly the existence of strong, non-additive interactions among different external factors. However, even with current understanding of impacts of global warming, there are myriad climate change adaptation options already developed in the literature that could be, and in fact are being, implemented now.},
author = {Parmesan, C. and Burrows, M.T. and Duarte, C.M. and Poloczanska, E.S. and Richardson, A.J. and Schoeman, D.S. and Singer, M.C.},
doi = {10.1111/ele.12098},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Parmesan et al.{\_}2013{\_}Beyond climate change attribution in conservation and ecological research.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-023X},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Anthropogenic climate change,Biodiversity,Biological projections,Climate change,Climate change attribution,Conservation planning,Ecological modelling,Global warming,IPCC},
number = {SUPPL.1},
pages = {58--71},
pmid = {23679010},
title = {{Beyond climate change attribution in conservation and ecological research}},
volume = {16},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Benito-Garzon2015,
abstract = {One approach to compensating for rapid climate change and protecting bio- diversity is assisted migration (AM) of key tree species. However, tools for evaluating the sensitivity of target sites and identifying potential sources have not yet been developed. We used the National Forest Inventories of Spain and France to design scenarios for AM between and within both countries. We characterized sensitivity to climate change as the expected changes in volume and mortality of Pinus halepensis Miller and Pinus pinaster Aiton between the present and 2050. Target zones were selected from provenances with high sensitivity and seed zones from provenances with low sensitivity to climate change; the latter can be considered ‘‘seed refugia'' as the climate changes. Three plausible sce- narios for translocation to the target zone were developed on the basis of volume simulations calibrated with different planting strategies: (1) seeds only from foreign provenances; (2) foreign provenances plus local seeds; and (3) only local seeds. The results for both species show that models based on foreign ‘‘top-three'' provenances always in- creased the standing volume of the target zone. Models run with only local seeds predicted increased volume for P. halepensis but not for P. pinaster. Our results suggest that volume and mortality trends are not always correlated with seed sources and targets, that projected provenances mortality do not follow always a southern–northern pattern and that seed refugia, if any, may be useful for compensating for the effects of climate change only in a subset of provenances.},
author = {Benito-Garz{\'{o}}n, M. and Fern{\'{a}}ndez-Manjarr{\'{e}}s, J.F.},
doi = {10.1007/s11056-015-9481-9},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Benito-Garz{\'{o}}n, Fern{\'{a}}ndez-Manjarr{\'{e}}s{\_}2015{\_}Testing scenarios for assisted migration of forest trees in Europe.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0169-4286},
journal = {New Forests},
number = {5-6},
pages = {979--994},
title = {{Testing scenarios for assisted migration of forest trees in Europe}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11056-015-9481-9},
volume = {48},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Fernandez-Duran2007,
abstract = {Johnson and Wehrly (1978, Journal of the American Statistical Association 73, 602-606) and Wehrly and Johnson (1980, Biometrika 67, 255-256) show one way to construct the joint distribution of a circular and a linear random variable, or the joint distribution of a pair of circular random variables from their marginal distributions and the density of a circular random variable, which in this article is referred to as joining circular density. To construct flexible models, it is necessary that the joining circular density be able to present multimodality and/or skewness in order to model different dependence patterns. Fern{\'{a}}ndez-Dur{\'{a}}n (2004, Biometrics 60, 499-503) constructed circular distributions based on nonnegative trigonometric sums that can present multimodality and/or skewness. Furthermore, they can be conveniently used as a model for circular-linear or circular-circular joint distributions. In the current work, joint distributions for circular-linear and circular-circular data constructed from circular distributions based on nonnegative trigonometric sums are presented and applied to two data sets, one for circular-linear data related to the air pollution patterns in Mexico City and the other for circular-circular data related to the pair of dihedral angles between consecutive amino acids in a protein.},
author = {Fern{\'{a}}ndez-Dur{\'{a}}n, J.J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00716.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Fern{\'{a}}ndez-Dur{\'{a}}n{\_}2007{\_}Models for circular-linear and circular-circular data constructed from circular distributions based on nonnegativ.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0006-341X},
journal = {Biometrics},
keywords = {Biometry,Chemical,Data Interpretation,Linear Models,Models,Molecular Structure,Proteins,Proteins: chemistry,Statistical},
month = {jun},
pages = {579--585},
pmid = {17688510},
title = {{Models for circular-linear and circular-circular data constructed from circular distributions based on nonnegative trigonometric sums.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17688510},
volume = {63},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Holt2009b,
abstract = {G. Evelyn Hutchinson more than a half century ago proposed that one could characterize the ecological niche of a species as an abstract mapping of population dynamics onto an environmental space, the axes of which are abiotic and biotic factors that influence birth and death rates. If a habitat has conditions within a species' niche, a population should persist without immigration from external sources, whereas if conditions are outside the niche, it faces extinction. Analyses of species' niches are essential to understanding controls on species' geographical range limits and how these limits might shift in our rapidly changing world. Recent developments in ecology and evolutionary biology suggest it is time to revisit and refine Hutchinson's niche concept. After reviewing techniques for quantifying niches, I examine subtleties that arise because of impacts species have on their own environments, the density-dependent modulation of how individuals experience environments, and the interplay of dispersal and temporal heterogeneity in determining population persistence. Moreover, the evolutionary record over all time scales reveals a spectrum of rates of change in species' niches, from rapid niche evolution to profound niche conservatism. Substantial challenges revolving around the evolutionary dimension of the Hutchinsonian niche include quantifying the magnitude of evolved intraspecific and clade-level variation in niches and understanding the factors that govern where along the spectrum of potential evolutionary rates any given lineage lies. A growing body of theory provides elements of a conceptual framework for understanding niche conservatism and evolution, paving the way for an evolutionary theory of the niche.},
author = {Holt, R.D.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0905137106},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Holt{\_}2009{\_}Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century ecological and evolutionary perspectives.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Animals,Biological,Biological Evolution,Ecosystem,Models},
month = {nov},
number = {Supplement 2},
pages = {19659--19659},
pmid = {19903876},
title = {{Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century: ecological and evolutionary perspectives.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2780934{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Seddon2010,
abstract = {Translocation, the intentional movement of living organ- isms from one area to another is increasingly being used as a conservation tool to overcome barriers to dispersal. A dichotomy exists for conservation-oriented transloca- tions: on one hand, there are those that release plants or animals into known historic ranges and on the other hand, there are releases outside historic distributions.Mis- use of or attempts to redefine established terms and a proliferation of variants of new terms such as assisted col- onization, confuse and hamper communication. The aim of this opinion article is to describe and define a conserva- tion translocation spectrum, from species reintroductions to assisted colonization, and beyond, and in so doing pro- vide a standard framework and terminology for discussing translocation options. I suggest that we are moving along this spectrum, away from the dictates of historical species},
author = {Seddon, P.J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00724.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Seddon{\_}2010{\_}From reintroduction to assisted colonization moving along the conservation translocation spectrum.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1061-2971},
issn = {10612971},
journal = {Restoration Ecology},
keywords = {Ecological engineering,Novel ecosystems,Population restoration,Species introductions},
number = {6},
pages = {796--802},
pmid = {906},
title = {{From reintroduction to assisted colonization: moving along the conservation translocation spectrum}},
volume = {18},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Hewitt2011,
author = {Hewitt, N. and Klenk, N. and Smith, A.L. and Bazely, D.R. and Yan, N. and Wood, S. and MacLellan, J.I. and Lipsig-Mumme, C. and Henriques, I.},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.031},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hewitt et al.{\_}2011{\_}Taking stock of the assisted migration debate.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
pages = {2560--2572},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Taking stock of the assisted migration debate}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320711001728},
volume = {144},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{Googledevelopmentteam2016,
author = {Google development team},
title = {{Google earth}},
url = {https://www.google.com/earth/},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pearman2008,
author = {Pearman, P.B. and Guisan, A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2007.11.005},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pearman, Guisan{\_}2008{\_}Niche dynamics in space and time.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
number = {3},
pages = {149--158},
title = {{Niche dynamics in space and time}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534708000372},
volume = {23},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Szucs2014,
author = {Szucs, M. and Melbourne, B.A. and Tuff, T. and Hufbauer, R.A.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Szucs et al.{\_}2014{\_}The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {ecology,evolution,genetics},
number = {1792},
pages = {1--8},
title = {{The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization}},
volume = {281},
year = {2014}
}
@incollection{Costantino1991,
author = {Costantino, R.F. and Desharnais, R.A.},
booktitle = {Population Dynamics and the Tribolium Model: Genetics and Demography},
pages = {214--237},
title = {{Dynamics and the Tribolium model}},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Joly2009,
abstract = {Climate change will likely lead to dramatic transformations of habitats critical to many species. One proposed solution to this problem is assisted migration. No federal agency has yet developed any rules specifically regarding assisted migration in response to climate change. However, the existing laws, regulations, and policies do provide guidance that would affect any federally sponsored or permitted assisted migration program. This Article examines those laws, regulations, and policies currently in place that may challenge or facilitate assisted migration programs. Given this legal structure, we find that assisted migration is a legal option on most federal lands under certain circumstances.},
author = {Joly, J.L. and Fuller, N.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Joly, Fuller{\_}2009{\_}Advising Noah A legal analysis of assisted migration.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Environmental Law Reporter},
number = {5},
pages = {10413--10425},
title = {{Advising Noah : A legal analysis of assisted migration}},
volume = {297},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Clarke2006,
abstract = {In recent years, a number of species-energy hypotheses have been developed to explain global patterns in plant and animal diversity. These hypotheses frequently fail to distinguish between fundamentally different forms of energy which influence diversity in dissimilar ways. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) can be utilized only by plants, though their abundance and growth rate is also greatly influenced by water. The Gibbs free energy (chemical energy) retained in the reduced organic compounds of tissue can be utilized by all heterotrophic organisms. Neither PAR nor chemical energy influences diversity directly. Both, however, influence biomass and/or abundance; diversity may then increase as a result of secondary population dynamic or evolutionary processes. Temperature is not a form of energy, though it is often used loosely by ecologists as a proxy for energy; it does, however, influence the rate of utilization of chemical energy by organisms. It may also influence diversity by allowing a greater range of energetic lifestyles at warmer temperatures (the metabolic niche hypothesis). We conclude that there is no single species/energy mechanism; fundamentally different processes link energy to abundance in plants and animals, and diversity is affected secondarily. If we are to make progress in elucidating these mechanisms, it is important to distinguish climatic effects on species' distribution and abundance from processes linking energy supply to plant and animal diversity.},
author = {Clarke, A. and Gaston, K.J.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2006.3545},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Clarke, Gaston{\_}2006{\_}Climate, energy and diversity.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Preceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {Animals,Biodiversity,Climate,Energy Metabolism,Energy Metabolism: physiology,Plants},
month = {sep},
number = {1599},
pages = {2257--2266},
pmid = {16928626},
title = {{Climate, energy and diversity.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1636092{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {273},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Chown2015b,
abstract = {* Macrophysiology is the investigation of variation in physiological traits over large geographic and temporal scales and the ecological implications of this variation. It has now been undertaken, as a defined field, for a decade. * Here, we overview its conceptual foundations, methodological approaches and insights, together with challenges the field is facing currently. * Macrophysiology builds on approaches that investigate the ecological and evolutionary significance of physiological trait variation and feedbacks in these processes. One of its key strengths is its ability to provide a basis for examining interactions among the intraspecific, interspecific and assemblage levels. * Macrophysiology is distinct from and typically concerns larger spatial and temporal scales than conservation physiology, whereas it is in several respects similar to, but antecedes, functional biogeography. Contrary to some claims, macrophysiology is not concerned only with the implications for geographic ranges of physiological trait variation. * Several insights, which would not otherwise have been achieved, have arisen from the field, notably the understanding of variation in global patterns of upper and lower lethal temperature limits and organism performance, which have important implications for forecasting the impacts of climate change. * Ten major challenges are identified for the field of macroecology, including better integration of approaches and information for plants and animals. Nonetheless, the prospects for macrophysiology as a significant way to understand our world remain bright.},
author = {Chown, S.L. and Gaston, K.J.},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12510},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Chown, Gaston{\_}2015{\_}Macrophysiology - progress and prospects.pdf:pdf},
issn = {02698463},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
pages = {2--15},
title = {{Macrophysiology - progress and prospects}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2435.12510},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Marsico2009,
abstract = {Determining limitations on poleward range expansion is important for predicting how climate change will alter the distribution of species. For most species, it is not known what factors set their distributional limits and the role dispersal limitation might play if range-limiting factors were altered. We conducted a transplant study of three related and co-occurring Lomatium species at their northern range limits to test competing hypotheses of range limitation. We added seeds to experimental plots inside and outside the species' geographic range (a regional treatment) in a replicated design with vegetation intact and vegetation reduced (a disturbance treatment) and with herbivore access and herbivore exclusion (an herbivory treatment). Germination and reemergence were measured through two growing seasons, along with community-level variables. A fully-crossed linear mixed model revealed that Lomatium survivorship outside the current range was as good or better than survivorship within the range, at least when the vegetative community remained intact. This suggests that the species are dispersal limited. Germination often was improved in the presence of an intact vegetative community, but this potentially facilitative effect was absent in second-year reemergence. Plots exposed to herbivory had slightly, but significantly, reduced germination, though reemergence did not differ between herbivore treatments. Lomatium dissectum, a rare species, had significantly lower survivorship than its congeners, suggesting that range shifts in rare taxa may be particularly difficult. Seed additions beyond species' range limits may be a strategy for overcoming dispersal limitation and assisting species in poleward migrations.},
author = {Marsico, T.D. and Hellmann, J.J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17698.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Marsico, Hellmann{\_}2009{\_}Dispersal limitation inferred from an experimental translocation of Lomatium (Apiaceae) species outside their geo.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0030-1299},
issn = {00301299},
journal = {Oikos},
pages = {1783--1792},
title = {{Dispersal limitation inferred from an experimental translocation of Lomatium (Apiaceae) species outside their geographic ranges}},
volume = {118},
year = {2009}
}
@article{LaSorte2012,
abstract = {1. Global climate has changed significantly during the past 30 years and especially in northern temperate regions which have experienced poleward shifts in temperature regimes. While there is evidence that some species have responded by moving their distributions to higher latitudes, the efficiency of this response in tracking species' climatic niche boundaries over time has yet to be addressed. 2. Here, we provide a continental assessment of the temporal structure of species responses to recent spatial shifts in climatic conditions. We examined geographic associations with minimum winter temperature for 59 species of winter avifauna at 476 Christmas Bird Count circles in North America from 1975 to 2009 under three sampling schemes that account for spatial and temporal sampling effects. 3. Minimum winter temperature associated with species occurrences showed an overall increase with a weakening trend after 1998. Species displayed highly variable responses that, on average and across sampling schemes, contained a strong lag effect that weakened in strength over time. In general, the conservation of minimum winter temperature was relevant when all species were considered together but only after an initial lag period (c. 35 years) was overcome. The delayed niche tracking observed at the combined species level was likely supported by the post1998 lull in the warming trend. 4. There are limited geographic and ecological explanations for the observed variability, suggesting that the efficiency of species' responses under climate change is likely to be highly idiosyncratic and difficult to predict. This outcome is likely to be even more pronounced and time lags more persistent for less vagile taxa, particularly during the periods of consistent or accelerating warming. Current modelling efforts and conservation strategies need to better appreciate the variation, strength and duration of lag effects and their association with climatic variability. Conservation strategies in particular will benefit through identifying and maintaining dispersal corridors that accommodate diverging dispersal strategies and timetables.},
author = {{La Sorte}, F.A. and Jetz, W.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01958.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/La Sorte, Jetz{\_}2012{\_}Tracking of climatic niche boundaries under recent climate change.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1365-2656},
issn = {00218790},
journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
keywords = {Christmas bird count,Climate change,Distributional response,Lag effects,Niche tracking,North America,Temperature niche,Winter avifauna},
month = {jul},
pages = {914--925},
pmid = {22372840},
title = {{Tracking of climatic niche boundaries under recent climate change}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22372840 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01958.x/full},
volume = {81},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Bakken1974,
author = {Bakken, G.S. and Gates, D.M. and Strunk, T.H. and Kleiber, M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bakken et al.{\_}1974{\_}Linearized heat transfer relations in biology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science},
number = {4128},
pages = {976--978},
title = {{Linearized heat transfer relations in biology}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/183/4128/976.short},
volume = {183},
year = {1974}
}
@article{Felicisimo2008,
abstract = {Global wind patterns influence dispersal and migration processes of aerial organisms, propagules and particles, which ultimately could determine the dynamics of colonizations, invasions or spread of pathogens. However, studying how wind-mediated movements actually happen has been hampered so far by the lack of high resolution global wind data as well as the impossibility to track aerial movements. Using concurrent data on winds and actual pathways of a tracked seabird, here we show that oceanic winds define spatiotemporal pathways and barriers for large-scale aerial movements. We obtained wind data from NASA SeaWinds scatterometer to calculate wind cost (impedance) models reflecting the resistance to the aerial movement near the ocean surface. We also tracked the movements of a model organism, the Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea), a pelagic bird known to perform long distance migrations. Cost models revealed that distant areas can be connected through "wind highways" that do not match the shortest great circle routes. Bird routes closely followed the low-cost "wind-highways" linking breeding and wintering areas. In addition, we found that a potential barrier, the near surface westerlies in the Atlantic sector of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), temporally hindered meridional trans-equatorial movements. Once the westerlies vanished, birds crossed the ITCZ to their winter quarters. This study provides a novel approach to investigate wind-mediated movements in oceanic environments and shows that large-scale migration and dispersal processes over the oceans can be largely driven by spatiotemporal wind patterns.},
author = {Felic{\'{i}}simo, A.M. and Mu{\~{n}}oz, J. and Gonz{\'{a}}lez-Solis, J.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0002928},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Felic{\'{i}}simo, Mu{\~{n}}oz, Gonz{\'{a}}lez-Solis{\_}2008{\_}Ocean surface winds drive dynamics of transoceanic aerial movements(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS One},
keywords = {Air,Air Microbiology,Animal,Animals,Birds,Birds: physiology,Climate,Earth (Planet),Flight,Microwaves,Oceans and Seas,Seawater,Wind},
month = {jan},
number = {8},
pages = {e2928 1--7},
pmid = {18698354},
title = {{Ocean surface winds drive dynamics of transoceanic aerial movements.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2491555{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {3},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Sinervo2010,
abstract = {It is predicted that climate change will cause species extinctions and distributional shifts in coming decades, but data to validate these predictions are relatively scarce. Here, we compare recent and historical surveys for 48 Mexican lizard species at 200 sites. Since 1975, 12{\%} of local populations have gone extinct. We verified physiological models of extinction risk with observed local extinctions and extended projections worldwide. Since 1975, we estimate that 4{\%} of local populations have gone extinct worldwide, but by 2080 local extinctions are projected to reach 39{\%} worldwide, and species extinctions may reach 20{\%}. Global extinction projections were validated with local extinctions observed from 1975 to 2009 for regional biotas on four other continents, suggesting that lizards have already crossed a threshold for extinctions caused by climate change.},
author = {Sinervo, B. and Mendez-de-la-Cruz, F. and Miles, D.B. and Heulin, B. and Bastiaans, E. and {Villagran-Santa Cruz}, M. and Lara-Resendiz, R. and Martinez-Mendez, N. and Calderon-Espinosa, M.L. and Meza-Lazaro, R.N. and Gadsden, H. and Avila, L.J. and Morando, M. and {De la Riva}, I.J. and Sepulveda, P.V. and Rocha, C. F.D. and Ibarguengoytia, N. and Puntriano, C.A. and Massot, M. and Lepetz, V. and Oksanen, T.A. and Chapple, D.G. and Bauer, A. M. and Branch, W.R. and Clobert, J. and Sites, J.W.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1184695},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Sinervo et al.{\_}2010{\_}Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
number = {5980},
pages = {894--899},
pmid = {20466932},
title = {{Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1184695},
volume = {328},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Liboff2000,
abstract = {It is proposed that the avian magnetic compass depends on the angle between the horizontal component B(h) of the geomagnetic field (GMF) and E(r), the radial electric field distribution generated by gamma-oscillations within the optic tectum (TeO). We hypothesize that the orientation of the brain relative to B(h) is perceived as a set of electric field ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) frequencies that are distributed in spatially recognizeable regions within the TeO. For typical GMF intensities, the expected ICR frequencies fall within the 20-50 Hz range of gamma-oscillation frequencies observed during visual stimulation. The model builds on the fact that the superficial lamina of the TeO receive signals from the retina that spatially map the visual field. The ICR frequencies are recruited from the local wide-band gamma-oscillations and are superposed on the tectum for interpretation along with other sensory data. As a first approximation, our analysis is restricted to the medial horizontal plane of the TeO. For the bird to fly in a preferred, previously mapped direction relative to B(h), it hunts for that orientation that positions the frequency maxima at appropriate locations on the TeO. This condition can be maintained even as B(h) varies with geomagnetic latitude during the course of long-distance flights. The magnetovisual coordinate system (straight phi, omega) overlaying the two halves of the tectal surface in a nonsymmetric way may imply an additional orienting function for the TeO over and above that of a simple compass (e.g., homing navigation as distinct from migrational navigation).},
author = {Liboff, A.R. and Jenrow, K.A.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Liboff, Jenrow{\_}2000{\_}New model for the avian magnetic compass.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0197-8462},
journal = {Bioelectromagnetics},
keywords = {Animals,Biological,Birds,Birds: physiology,Cyclotrons,Electromagnetic Fields,Functional Laterality,Magnetics,Models,Neurological,Orientation,Superior Colliculi,Superior Colliculi: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology},
month = {dec},
pages = {555--565},
pmid = {11102945},
title = {{New model for the avian magnetic compass.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11102945 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1521-186X(200012)21:8{\%}253C555::AID-BEM1{\%}253E3.0.CO;2-N/full},
volume = {21},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Jouventin1990,
abstract = {ALTHOUGH the study of seabirds in their land-based breeding colonies has attracted much attention, an understanding of their ecology at sea, particularly their foraging range and the location of their feeding zones, remains a major challenge. The foraging range of pelagic feeders nesting on a given colony or island is purely speculative. Since the eighteenth century, the Wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) has been thought to be one of the most widely ranging seabirds, and breeders are thought to travel up to 1,800 km from the nest on foraging trips5,6. Here, we describe the first successful tracking of a bird using satellite telemetry. Tracks of Wandering albatrosses in the southwestern Indian Ocean showed that they covered between 3,600 and 15,000 km in a single foraging trip during an incubation shift. They flew at speeds of up to 80 km per h and over distances of up to 900 km per day. They remained active at night, particularly on moonlit nights and wind appeared to have a major influence on the foraging strategy of these albatrosses. Detailed knowledge of their movements at sea may prove critical to the conservation of the Wandering albatross and particularly of the closely related Amsterdam albatross (D. amsterdamensis), both of which are endangered.},
author = {Jouventin, P. and Weimerskirch, H.},
doi = {10.1038/343746a0},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Jouventin, Weimerskirch{\_}1990{\_}Satellite-tracking of wandering albatrosses.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0028-0836},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {Diomedea,albatrosses,fligh,satellite,telemetry},
pages = {746--748},
title = {{Satellite-tracking of wandering albatrosses}},
volume = {343},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Morales2004,
abstract = {We present a framework for fitting multiple random walks to animal move- ment paths consisting of ordered sets of step lengths and turning angles. Each step and turn is assigned to one of a number of random walks, each characteristic of a different behavioral state. Behavioral state assignments may be inferred purely from movement data or may include the habitat type in which the animals are located. Switching between different behavioral states may be modeled explicitly using a state transition matrix estimated directly from data, or switching probabilities may take into account the proximity of animals to landscape features. Model fitting is undertaken within a Bayesian framework using the WinBUGS software. These methods allow for identification of different movement states using several properties of observed paths and lead naturally to the formulation of movement models. Analysis of relocation data from elk released in east-central Ontario, Canada, suggests a biphasic movement behavior: elk are either in an ‘‘encamped'' state in which step lengths are small and turning angles are high, or in an ‘‘exploratory'' state, in which daily step lengths are several kilometers and turning angles are small. Animals encamp in open habitat (agricultural fields and opened forest), but the exploratory state is not associated with any particular habitat type.},
author = {Morales, J.M. and Haydon, D.T. and Frair, J. and Holsinger, K.E. and Fryxell, J.M.},
doi = {10.1890/03-0269},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Morales et al.{\_}2004{\_}Extracting more out of relocation data Building movement models as mixtures of random walks.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0012-9658},
issn = {00129658},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {Bayesian,Cervus elaphus,GPS collars,Landscape,Movement models,Random walks,Redistribution kernel,Relocation data,Spatial scale,Switching behavior,Wapiti,WinBUGS},
number = {9},
pages = {2436--2445},
pmid = {2594771},
title = {{Extracting more out of relocation data: Building movement models as mixtures of random walks}},
volume = {85},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Brown1984,
author = {Brown, J.H.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Brown{\_}1984{\_}On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The American naturalist},
number = {2},
pages = {255--279},
title = {{On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species}},
volume = {124},
year = {1984}
}
@article{Lecomte2010,
abstract = {How does an animal age in natural conditions? Given the multifaceted nature of senescence, identifying the effects of age on physiology and behavior remains challenging. We investigated the effects of age on a broad array of phenotypic traits in a wild, long-lived animal, the wandering albatross. We studied foraging behavior using satellite tracking and activity loggers in males and females (age 6-48+ years), and monitored reproductive performance and nine markers of baseline physiology known to reflect senescence in vertebrates (humoral immunity, oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and hormone levels). Age strongly affected foraging behavior and reproductive performance, but not baseline physiology. Consistent with results of mammal and human studies, age affected males and females differently. Overall, our findings demonstrate that age, sex, and foraging ability interact in shaping aging patterns in natural conditions. Specifically, we found an unexpected pattern of spatial segregation by age; old males foraged in remote Antarctica waters, whereas young and middle-aged males never foraged south of the Polar Front. Old males traveled a greater distance but were less active at the sea surface, and returned from sea with elevated levels of stress hormone (corticosterone), mirroring a low foraging efficiency. In contrast to findings in captive animals and short-lived birds, and consistent with disposable soma theory, we found no detectable age-related deterioration of baseline physiology in albatrosses. We propose that foraging efficiency (i.e., the ability of individuals to extract energy from their environment) might play a central role in shaping aging patterns in natural conditions.},
author = {Lecomte, V.J. and Sorci, G. and Cornet, S. and Jaeger, A. and Faivre, B. and Arnoux, E. and Gaillard, M. and Trouv{\'{e}}, C. and Besson, D. and Chastel, O. and Weimerskirch, H.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0911181107},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lecomte et al.{\_}2010{\_}Patterns of aging in the long-lived wandering albatross.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Aging,Animal,Animal Migration,Animals,Birds,Birds: physiology,Feeding Behavior,Female,Male,Sex Characteristics,Sexual Behavior},
month = {apr},
number = {14},
pages = {6370--6375},
pmid = {20308547},
title = {{Patterns of aging in the long-lived wandering albatross.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2852007{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Collyer2011,
abstract = {Contemporary evolution following assisted colonization may increase the probability of persistence for refuge populations established as a bet-hedge for protected species. Such refuge populations are considered "genetic replicates" that might be used for future re-colonization in the event of a catastrophe in the native site. Although maladaptive evolutionary divergence of captive populations is well recognized, evolutionary divergence of wild refuge populations may also occur on contemporary time scales. Thus, refuge populations may lose their "value" as true genetic replicates of the native population. Here, we show contemporary evolutionary divergence in body shape in an approximately 30-year old refuge population of the protected White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) resulting in a body-shape mismatch with its native environment.},
author = {Collyer, M.L. and Heilveil, J.S. and Stockwell, C.A.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0022310},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Collyer, Heilveil, Stockwell{\_}2011{\_}Contemporary evolutionary divergence for a protected species following assisted colonization.PDF:PDF},
isbn = {1932-6203},
issn = {19326203},
journal = {PLoS One},
number = {8},
pages = {e22310 1--7},
pmid = {21909348},
title = {{Contemporary evolutionary divergence for a protected species following assisted colonization}},
volume = {6},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Kosenko1998,
author = {Kosenko, I.I.},
doi = {10.1016/S0021-8928(98)00025-2},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Kosenko{\_}1998{\_}Integration of the equations of a rotational motion of a rigid body in quaternion algebra. The Euler case.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218928},
journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics},
number = {2},
pages = {193--200},
title = {{Integration of the equations of a rotational motion of a rigid body in quaternion algebra. The Euler case}},
volume = {62},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Regan2012,
abstract = {As a clear consensus is emerging that habitat for many species will dramatically reduce or shift with climate change, attention is turning to adaptation strategies to address these impacts. Assisted colonization is one such strategy that has been predominantly discussed in terms of the costs of introducing potential competitors into new communities and the benefits of reducing extinction risk. However, the success or failure of assisted colonization will depend on a range of population-level factors that have not yet been quantitatively evaluated the quality of the recipient habitat, the number and life stages of translocated individuals, the establishment of translocated individuals in their new habitat and whether the recipient habitat is subject to ongoing threats all will play an important role in population persistence. In this article, we do not take one side or the other in the debate over whether assisted colonization is worthwhile. Rather, we focus on the likelihood that assisted colonization will promote population persistence in the face of climate-induced distribution changes and altered fire regimes for a rare endemic species. We link a population model with species distribution models to investigate expected changes in populations with climate change, the impact of altered fire regimes on population persistence and how much assisted colonization is necessary to minimize risk of decline in populations of Tecate cypress, a rare endemic tree in the California Floristic Province, a biodiversity hotspot. We show that assisted colonization may be a risk-minimizing adaptation strategy when there are large source populations that are declining dramatically due to habitat contractions, multiple nearby sites predicted to contain suitable habitat, minimal natural dispersal, high rates of establishment of translocated populations and the absence of nonclimatic threats such as altered disturbance regimes. However, when serious ongoing threats exist, assisted colonization is ineffective.},
author = {Regan, H.M. and Syphard, A.D. and Franklin, J. and Swab, R.M. and Markovchick, L. and Flint, A. L. and Flint, L.E. and Zedler, P.H.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02586.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Regan et al.{\_}2012{\_}Evaluation of assisted colonization strategies under global change for a rare, fire-dependent plant(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1354-1013},
issn = {13541013},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
keywords = {Assisted colonization,Bioclimate envelope,Climate change,Fire,Population model},
number = {3},
pages = {936--947},
title = {{Evaluation of assisted colonization strategies under global change for a rare, fire-dependent plant}},
volume = {18},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Walker2010,
author = {Walker, M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Walker{\_}2010{\_}Comparison of open source virtual globes about sourcepole.pdf:pdf},
journal = {FOSS4G2010},
title = {{Comparison of open source virtual globes about sourcepole}},
volume = {Barcelona},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Klaassen2012,
abstract = {Long-distance migratory birds are often considered extreme athletes, possessing a range of traits that approach the physiological limits of vertebrate design. In addition, their movements must be carefully timed to ensure that they obtain resources of sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy their high-energy needs. Migratory birds may therefore be particularly vulnerable to global change processes that are projected to alter the quality and quantity of resource availability. Because long-distance flight requires high and sustained aerobic capacity, even minor decreases in vitality can have large negative consequences for migrants. In the light of this, we assess how current global change processes may affect the ability of birds to meet the physiological demands of migration, and suggest areas where avian physiologists may help to identify potential hazards. Predicting the consequences of global change scenarios on migrant species requires (i) reconciliation of empirical and theoretical studies of avian flight physiology; (ii) an understanding of the effects of food quality, toxicants and disease on migrant performance; and (iii) mechanistic models that integrate abiotic and biotic factors to predict migratory behaviour. Critically, a multi-dimensional concept of vitality would greatly facilitate evaluation of the impact of various global change processes on the population dynamics of migratory birds.},
author = {Klaassen, M. and Hoye, B.J. and Nolet, B.A. and Buttemer, W.A.},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0008},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Klaassen et al.{\_}2012{\_}Ecophysiology of avian migration in the face of current global hazards.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {Animal,Animal Migration,Animal Migration: physiology,Animal: physiology,Animals,Biological,Birds,Birds: immunology,Birds: physiology,Birds: virology,Climate Change,Competitive Behavior,Competitive Behavior: physiology,Ecosystem,Empirical Research,Feeding Behavior,Feeding Behavior: physiology,Flight,Influenza in Birds,Influenza in Birds: immunology,Influenza in Birds: virology,Models,Population Density,Predatory Behavior,Predatory Behavior: physiology,Species Specificity,Time Factors},
month = {jun},
number = {1596},
pages = {1719--1732},
pmid = {22566678},
title = {{Ecophysiology of avian migration in the face of current global hazards.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3350656{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {367},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Qie2012,
abstract = {As habitat fragmentation and climate change degrade the suitability of natural habitats, many species are likely to become threatened with local or global extinction. In the future, conservation of species and management of degraded areas may need to employ radical solutions, such as assisted dispersal and colonisation. Here, we report the fi ndings of a small scale, two-fold investigation into potential management actions for reintroducing functionally important species (dung beetles) in a fragmented system. We tested two a priori hypotheses: 1) dung supplementation will increase dung beetle population sizes in the short term; and 2) introducing dung beetles into a previously uninhabited area (assisted dispersal) will establish viable populations. Although we expected population sizes to increase following dung supplementation, there was no signifi cant effect on beetle population sizes on eight small islands when compared to eight control islands. However, introducing 827 individuals of the common species Paragymnopleurus maurus to two previously uninhabited islands had mixed results. On one island, the newly founded population persisted beyond 51 days but rapidly declined on the other. Follow-up investigations suggested that invasive, predatory yellow crazy ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes) may have prevented population establishment on the island where this failed. Assisted dispersal, and colonisation, may provide mechanisms to combat some effects of fragmentation and climate change if isolation is the primary cause of the population decline, but success depends on extensive prior suitability assessment. Although suggestive, our results should be interpreted with caution because of experimental limitations.},
author = {Qie, L. and Howard, S.D. and Lim, S.L.H. and Sodhi, N.S.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Qie et al.{\_}2012{\_}Assisted dispersal of tropical dung beetles.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0217-2445},
issn = {02172445},
journal = {The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology},
keywords = {Assisted dispersal,Biodiversity,Conservation,Fragmentation,Land use management,Land-bridge islands},
pages = {155--160},
title = {{Assisted dispersal of tropical dung beetles}},
volume = {25},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Akesson2005,
abstract = {Advanced spatial-learning adaptations have been shown for migratory songbirds [1], but it is not well known how the simple genetic program encoding migratory distance and direction in young birds [2-4] translates to a navigation mechanism used by adults [2, 4-6]. A number of convenient cues are available to define latitude on the basis of geomagnetic and celestial information [7-15], but very few are useful to defining longitude [12-15]. To investigate the effects of displacements across longitudes on orientation, we recorded orientation of adult and juvenile migratory white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, after passive longitudinal displacements, by ship, of 266-2862 km across high-arctic North America. After eastward displacement to the magnetic North Pole and then across the 0° declination line, adults and juveniles abruptly shifted their orientation from the migratory direction to a direction that would lead back to the breeding area or to the normal migratory route, suggesting that the birds began compensating for the displacement by using geomagnetic cues alone or together with solar cues. In contrast to predictions by a simple genetic migration program, our experiments suggest that both adults and juveniles possess a navigation system based on a combination of celestial and geomagnetic information, possibly declination, to correct for eastward longitudinal displacements. {\textcopyright}2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {{\AA}kesson, S. and Morin, J. and Muheim, R. and Ottosson, U.},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.027},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/{\AA}kesson et al.{\_}2005{\_}Dramatic orientation shift of white-crowned sparrows displaced across longitudes in the high arctic.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0960-9822},
issn = {09609822},
journal = {Current Biology},
keywords = {Age Factors,Animal Migration,Animal Migration: physiology,Animals,Arctic Regions,Geography,Magnetics,Orientation,Orientation: physiology,Sparrows,Sparrows: physiology},
month = {sep},
pages = {1591--1597},
pmid = {16139216},
title = {{Dramatic orientation shift of white-crowned sparrows displaced across longitudes in the high arctic}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16139216},
volume = {15},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Bakken1975,
author = {Bakken, G.S. and Gates, D.M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bakken, Gates{\_}1975{\_}Heat-transfer analysis of animals some implications for field ecology, physiology, and evolution.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Perspectives of biophysical ecology},
title = {{Heat-transfer analysis of animals: some implications for field ecology, physiology, and evolution}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-87810-7{\_}16},
year = {1975}
}
@article{Hamann2015,
author = {Hamann, A. and Roberts, D.R. and Barber, Q.E. and Carroll, C. and Nielsen, S.E.},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.12736},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hamann et al.{\_}2015{\_}Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and management.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13541013},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
keywords = {4 september 2014,assisted migration,august 2014 and accepted,climate change adaptation,climate change vulnerability,conservation,no-analogue climates,received 23 may 2014,revised version received 19},
number = {2},
pages = {997--1004},
title = {{Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and management}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.12736},
volume = {21},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Piersma1995,
abstract = {Knots Calidris canutus live highly seasonal lives, breeding solitarily on high arctic tundra and spending the non-breeding season in large social flocks in temperate to tropical estuaries. Their reproductive activities and physiological preparations for long flights are reflected in pronounced plumage and body mass changes, even in long-term captives of the islandica subspecies (breeding in north Greenland and northeast Canada and wintering in western Europe) studied in outdoor aviaries. The three to four fattening episodes in April-July in connection with the flights to and from the high arctic breeding grounds by free-living birds, are represented by a single period of high body mass, peaking between late May and early July in a sample of ten captive islandica knots studied over four years. There are consistent and synchronized annual variations in basal metabolic rate and thermal conductance in three islandica knots. Basal metabolic rate was highest during the summer body mass peak. Within the examined individuals, basal metabolic rate scales on body mass with an exponent of about 1.4, probably reflecting a general hypertrophy of metabolically expensive muscles and organs. Any potential effect of moult on basal metabolic rate was obscured by the large seasonal mass-associated variations. In breeding plumage, insulation (the inverse of thermal conductance) was a factor of 1.35 lower than in winter plumage. This was paralleled by the dry mass of contour feathers being a factor of 1.17 lower. In this subspecies the breeding season is indeed the period during which the costs of thermoregulation are lowest. In captive knots seasonal changes in basal metabolic rate and thermal conductance likely reflect an anticipatory programme adaptive to the variable demands made by the environment at different times of the year.},
author = {Piersma, T. and Cad{\'{e}}e, N. and Daan, S.},
doi = {10.1007/BF00264684},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Piersma, Cad{\'{e}}e, Daan{\_}1995{\_}Seasonality in basal metabolic rate and thermal conductance in a long-distance migrant shorebird, the knot (C.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0174-1578},
issn = {0174-1578},
journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology B},
keywords = {9,abbreviations bm body mass,annual rhythms,basal metabolic rate,bird migration,physiological adaptations 9,thermal conductance},
pages = {37--45},
title = {{Seasonality in basal metabolic rate and thermal conductance in a long-distance migrant shorebird, the knot (Calidris canutus)}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00264684},
volume = {165},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Schmaljohann2008,
author = {Schmaljohann, H. and Bruderer, B. and Liechti, F.},
doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.024},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Schmaljohann, Bruderer, Liechti{\_}2008{\_}Sustained bird flights occur at temperatures far beyond expected limits.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Animal Behaviour},
keywords = {bird,deserts or oceans,ecological barriers,extended periods of,fasting,flight,garden warbler,have to prepare for,humidity,migration,migratory birds crossing large,of fat,sahara,such as,sylvia borin,temperature,therefore,they accumulate large amounts,water loss},
pages = {1133--1138},
title = {{Sustained bird flights occur at temperatures far beyond expected limits}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347208002613},
volume = {76},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Williams2013b,
abstract = {Although plants have moved across the landscape in response to changing climate for millennia, projections of contemporary climate change suggest that forest tree species and populations will need to migrate faster than their natural ability. Therefore, climate change adaptation strategies,$\backslash$n such as assisted migration, have gained attention since 2007. Effective implementation of assisted migration can only occur if target transfer guidelines are developed because our current seed transfer guidelines, established to guide the movement of plant materials, lack inherent spatial$\backslash$n and temporal dynamics associated with climate change. This limitation restrains reforestation practitioners from making decisions about assisted migration. Lack of operating procedures, uncertainties about future climate conditions, risks associated with moving plants outside their current$\backslash$n ranges, and existing policies have hampered formal actions in forest management and conservation. We review the current thinking on assisted migration of forest tree species and provide information that could facilitate implementation.},
author = {Williams, M. and Dumroese, K.},
doi = {doi: 10.5849/jof.13-016},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Williams, Dumroese{\_}2013{\_}Preparing for Climate Change Forestry and Assisted Migration.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-1201},
issn = {0022-1201},
journal = {Journal of Forestry},
keywords = {assisted migration,climate change,climate{\_}change,forest managem,migration,seed{\_}transfer},
number = {July},
pages = {287--297},
title = {{Preparing for climate change: Forestry and assisted migration}},
url = {citeulike-article-id:12889247{\%}5Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.13-016},
volume = {111},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Kearney2009a,
author = {Kearney, M. and Porter, W.P.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Kearney, Porter{\_}2009{\_}Mechanistic niche modelling combining physiological and spatial data to predict species' ranges.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {1,12,17,2009,biophysical ecology,climate,ecology letters,fundamental niche,geographical information systems,microclimate,physiological ecology,realized niche,species distribution modelling},
pages = {1--17},
title = {{Mechanistic niche modelling: combining physiological and spatial data to predict species' ranges}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x/full},
volume = {12},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kishkinev2010,
abstract = {Migratory birds are known to be able to navigate — to determine their position on the globe and the direction towards their distant goal even if they cannot perceive any information emanating from the goal. One hypothesis, that of true bi-coordinate navigation, claims that birds should be able to sense and use a grid of two natural parameters as coordinates. Some indirect data support the idea that migratory birds can determine their north-south position, and several recent studies have suggested that at least long-distance migrants, including the Eurasian Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, can determine their east-west position. How they do this remains a mystery. Birds could theoretically detect the magnitude of east-west displacements if they have two clocks, one synchronizing faster to local time than the other. We tested whether this putative “double clock” mechanism may serve as a navigational tool for detecting east-west position. We caught Eurasian Reed Warblers during spring migration and tested their orientation in Emlen funnels under capture site photoperiodic conditions. After these northeasterly oriented control tests, we exposed them to a light-dark regime simulating a 1,000 km eastward displacement to the Moscow region from where we have shown that actually displaced Eurasian Reed Warblers on spring migration compensate for their displacement by orientating northwestwardly. Exposure to the Moscow light-dark regime did not affect the birds' orientation. Our results suggest that light-dark regime effects alone are unlikely to trigger compensation for the longitudinal displacement in long-distance migratory Eurasian Reed Warblers.},
author = {Kishkinev, D. and Chernetsov, N. and Mouritsen, H.},
doi = {10.1525/auk.2010.10032},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Kishkinev, Chernetsov, Mouritsen{\_}2010{\_}A double-clock or jetlag mechanism is unlikely to be involved in detection of east–west displace.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0004-8038},
issn = {00048038},
journal = {The Auk},
keywords = {acrocephalus scirpaceus,aves migratorias pueden navegar,desplazamientos este,determinar su posici{\'{o}}n en,direcci{\'{o}}n con,double-clock hypothesis,el globo y su,es poco probable que,eurasian reed warbler,la detecci{\'{o}}n de,lag est{\'{e}} involucrado en,migrante de larga distancia,migration,navigation,oeste en un ave,reloj o de jet,resumen,se conoce que algunas,un mecanismo de doble},
number = {4},
pages = {773--780},
title = {{A double-clock or jetlag mechanism is unlikely to be involved in detection of east–west displacements in a long-distance avian migrant}},
volume = {127},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Laube2002,
abstract = {The overall goal of the ongoing project is to develop methods for spatio-temporal analysis of relative motion within groups of moving point ob- jects, e.g. GPS-tracked animals. Whereas recent efforts of dealing with dynamic phenomena within the GIScience community mainly concentrated on modeling and representation, this research project concentrates on the analytic task. The analysis is performed on a process level and does not use the traditional carto- graphic approach of comparing snapshots. The analysis concept called REMO (RElative MOtion) is based on the comparison of motion parameters of objects over time. Therefore the observation data is transformed into a 2.5-dimensional analysis matrix, featuring a time axis, an object axis and motion parameters. This matrix reveals basic searchable relative movement patterns. The current approach handles points in a pure featureless space. Case study data of GPS- observed animals and political entities in an ideological space are used for il- lustration purposes.},
author = {Laube, P. and Imfeld, S.},
doi = {10.1007/3-540-45799-2_10},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Laube, Imfeld{\_}2002{\_}Analyzing relative motion within groups of trackable moving point objects.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-3-540-44253-0, 978-3-540-45799-2},
journal = {International Conference on Geographic Information Science},
keywords = {change,motion,moving point objects,spatio-temporal analysis},
pages = {132--144},
title = {{Analyzing relative motion within groups of trackable moving point objects}},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Castellanos-Acuna2015,
abstract = {Since shifts in altitudinal range are expected in response to climate change, we explored the effect on survivorship and growth of moving populations of three Mexican pine species (Pinus devoniana, P. leiophylla and P. pseudostrobus) to higher altitude, aiming to realign the populations to projected future climates in an experimental assisted migration. Twelve populations were collected across an altitudinal gradient (1650–2520 m above sea level [asl]) in a mountainous zone in the central-west region of the Mexican Trans-Volcanic Belt, and were planted in common garden tests at three forest sites of different altitudes (low: 2110, medium: 2422 and upper: 2746 m asl). Climate was estimated using a spline climatic model at the seed source and test sites and also measured using in situ data loggers. Survivorship and seedling height were evaluated in the field during the second and third growing seasons. Results were analyzed using mixed models to include the effect of climatic transfer distances (difference in climate between seed source and test site). Significant differences were found in seedling growth among Pinus devoniana, P. pseudostrobus and P. leiophylla, and among populations within the former two species. These were associated primarily with climatic transfer distances of extreme temperatures (minimum temperature in the coldest month and mean temperature in the warmest month). There was a significant decrease in growth in P. devoniana when the transfer exceeded 650mof upward altitudinal shift or a reduction of 1.58C with transfer to colder sites. Therewas also a decrease of growth in P. pseudostrobus when transfer exceeded 400 m of upward altitudinal shift or 1.58C, with a significant decrease in survivorship. Pinus leiophylla, however, exhibited similar growth at all altitudes tested, probably due to phenotypic plasticity. Although further research is required with field tests using commercial spacing and trees of older ages, the results suggest that an assisted upwards migration of 300 m in altitude, in order to approach a realignment of the populations to the climate projected for the decade centered around the year 2030, appears to be a viable strategy with which to accommodate the effects of climate change.},
author = {Castellanos-Acuna, D. and Lindig-Cisneros, R. and Saenz-Romero, C.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Castellanos-Acuna, Lindig-Cisneros, Saenz-Romero{\_}2015{\_}Altitudinal assisted migration of Mexican pines as an adaptation to climate change.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecosphere},
number = {1},
pages = {1--16},
title = {{Altitudinal assisted migration of Mexican pines as an adaptation to climate change}},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Hancock2014,
abstract = {Assisted colonization, the intentional movement of species beyond their native range, has been proposed as a climate change adaptation tool for biodiversity conservation. The risks and benefits of its implementation are still being debated but already the climate is changing, species are moving and the pressure on at-risk species must therefore be increasing. However, instances where moving species beyond their natural range purely for conservation purposes due to climate change are few, and the opportunity for science to inform practice is limited. Here we survey active participants in flora translocations and/or flora conservation in Australia in order to investigate the gap between theoretical and conceptual ideas about assisted colonization and to gauge preparedness for its implementation. We found that actions that mitigate proximal threats are preferred over those that move species beyond their current range. A lack of knowledge of species biology and ecology is an impediment to the acceptance of assisted colonization. In addition, prohibitive costs and the potential increased risk of the spread of diseases, pests and/or pathogens are viewed as more important obstacles of successful assisted colonization than potential for invasion at the recipient site. Full approval from all stakeholders at the source and recipient sites was found to be the most important factor for the successful assisted colonization of flora. {\textcopyright} 2014 The Authors. Austral Ecology {\textcopyright} 2014 Ecological Society of Australia.},
author = {Hancock, N. and Gallagher, R.},
doi = {10.1111/aec.12151},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hancock, Gallagher{\_}2014{\_}How ready are we to move species threatened from climate change Insights into the assisted colonization debate f.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {14429985},
issn = {14429993},
journal = {Austral Ecology},
keywords = {Assisted migration,Climate change adaptation,Managed relocation,Survey,Translocation},
number = {7},
pages = {830--838},
title = {{How ready are we to move species threatened from climate change? Insights into the assisted colonization debate from Australia}},
volume = {39},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Ferrarini2016,
author = {Ferrarini, A. and Selvaggi, A. and Abeli, T. and Alatalo, J.M. and Orsenigo, S. and Gentili, R. and Rossi, G.},
doi = {10.1038/srep28542},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Ferrarini et al.{\_}2016{\_}Planning for assisted colonization of plants in a warming world.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
pages = {1--6},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Planning for assisted colonization of plants in a warming world}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep28542},
volume = {6},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Ristow2000,
author = {Ristow, D. and Berthold, P. and Hashmi, D.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Ristow, Berthold, Hashmi{\_}2000{\_}Satellite tracking of Cory's shearwater migration.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Condor},
keywords = {calonectris diomedea,cory,eastern tropical atlantic,mediterranean,mi-,s shear-,water},
number = {3},
pages = {696--699},
title = {{Satellite tracking of Cory's shearwater migration}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1369805},
volume = {102},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Schemske2009,
abstract = {Biotic interactions are believed to play a role in the origin and maintenance of species diversity, and multiple hypotheses link the latitudinal diversity gradient to a presumed gradient in the importance of biotic interactions. Here we address whether biotic interactions are more important at low latitudes, finding support for this hypothesis from a wide range of interactions. Some of the best-supported examples are higher herbivory and insect predation in the tropics, and predominantly tropical mutualisms such as cleaning symbioses and ant-plant interactions. For studies that included tropical regions, biotic interactions were never more important at high latitudes. Although our results support the hypothesis that biotic interactions are more important in the tropics, additional research is needed, including latitudinal comparison of rates of molecular evolution for genes involved in biotic interacti ons, estimates of gradients in interaction strength, and phylogenetic comparisons of the traits that mediate biotic interactions.},
author = {Schemske, D.W. and Mittelbach, G.G. and Cornell, H.V. and Sobel, J.M. and Roy, K.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173430},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Schemske et al.{\_}2009{\_}Is there a latitudinal gradient in the Importance of biotic interactions.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1543-592x},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Evolution and Systematics},
keywords = {biotic factors,community diversity,diversity gradient,drilling predation,fungal endophytes,latitudinal gradient,life-history traits,nest predation,parasite species richness,plant-herbivore interactions,salt-marsh plants,sexual size dimorphism,species diversity,tropical forests,tropics},
pages = {245--269},
pmid = {272455700012},
title = {{Is there a latitudinal gradient in the Importance of biotic interactions?}},
volume = {40},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Budzynski2000,
abstract = {The ability of animals to learn to use the sun for orientation has been explored in numerous species. In birds, there is conflicting evidence about the experience needed for sun compass orientation to develop. The prevailing hypothesis is that birds need entire daytime exposure to the arc of the sun to use the sun as an orientation cue. However, there is also some evidence indicating that, even with limited exposure to the arc of the sun, birds, like insects, can use the sun to orient at any time of day. We re-examine this issue in a study of compass orientation in a cue-controlled arena. Two groups of young homing pigeons received different exposure to the sun. The control group experienced the sun throughout the day; the experimental group experienced only the apparent descent of the sun. After 8 weeks of sun exposure, we trained both groups in the afternoon to find food in a specific compass direction in an outdoor arena that provided a view of the sun but not landmarks. We then tested the pigeons in the morning for their ability to use the morning sun as an orientation cue. The control group and the experimental group, which was exposed to the morning sun for the first time, succeeded in orienting in the training direction during test 1. The orientation of the experimental group was no different from that of the control group, although the experimental first trial directional response latencies were greater than the control latencies. Subsequently, we continued training both groups in the afternoon and then tested the pigeons during the morning under complete cloud cover. Both groups displayed random directional responses under cloud cover, indicating that the observed orientation was based on the visibility of the sun. The data indicate that pigeons with limited exposure to the arc of the sun can, like insects, use the sun for orientation at any time of day.},
author = {Budzynski, C.A. and Dyer, F.C. and Bingman, V.P.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Budzynski, Dyer, Bingman{\_}2000{\_}Partial experience with the arc of the sun is sufficient for all-day sun compass orientation in homing pig.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-0949},
journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
keywords = {columba livia,homing,orientation,pigeon,sun},
number = {15},
pages = {2341--2348},
pmid = {10887072},
title = {{Partial experience with the arc of the sun is sufficient for all-day sun compass orientation in homing pigeons, Columba livia.}},
volume = {203},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Connell1961,
author = {Connell, J.H.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Connell{\_}1961{\_}The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Cthalamus stellatus.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecology},
number = {4},
pages = {710--723},
title = {{The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Cthalamus stellatus}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1933500},
volume = {42},
year = {1961}
}
@article{Griffith1989,
abstract = {Surveys of recent (1973 to 1986) intentional releases of native birds and mammals to the wild in Australia, Canada, Hawaii, New Zealand, and the United States were conducted to document current activities, identify factors associated with success, and suggest guidelines for enhancing future work. Nearly 700 translocations were conducted each year. Native game species constituted 90 percent of translocations and were more successful (86 percent) than were translocations of threatened, endangered, or sensitive species (46 percent). Knowledge of habitat quality, location of release area within the species range, number of animals released, program length, and reproductive traits allowed correct classification of 81 percent of observed translocations as successful or not.},
author = {Griffith, B. and Scott, J.M. and Carpenter, J.W. and Reed, C.},
doi = {10.1126/science.245.4917.477},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Griffith et al.{\_}1989{\_}Translocation as a species conservation tool status and strategy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
number = {4917},
pages = {477--480},
pmid = {17750257},
title = {{Translocation as a species conservation tool: status and strategy.}},
volume = {245},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Urli2014,
abstract = {Questions The objectives of this study were to examine altitudinal shifts in tree species distributions over one decade to quantify the potential for tree migration. Location Spain. Methods We analysed presence–absence data using two successive surveys of the Spanish Forest Inventory in five Fagaceae tree species (two temperate: Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea, one sub-Mediterranean: Q. faginea and two Mediterranean: Q. suber and Q. ilex) in two mountain ranges (the Pyrenees and the Iberian system). Half of the fitted altitudinal distributions were skewed and required use of an asymmetric model for unbiased estimates of optimum altitude and changes in the probability of presence along the altitudinal gradient. For each species and mountain range, shifts were considered to have occurred when the difference in optimum altitude was significant or when differences in probability of occurrence between the two surveys demonstrated the occurrence of colonization or extirpation events. Results Overall, depending on species and mountain range, shifts in optimum altitude ranged between −34 m and +181 m. The altitudinal distribution of the Mediterranean species at the core of their latitudinal distribution range presented no sign of change. For the temperate and sub-Mediterranean Fagaceae species, the patterns demonstrated the existence of distribution changes over a 10-yr period. The largest, although not statistically significant, upward shift in optimum altitude was observed for Q. petraea in the Iberian system. More interestingly, its distribution indicated colonization events at higher altitudes. For Q. faginea in the Pyrenees, the shift in optimum altitude was the second largest and statistically significant, and was associated with large extirpation events at the lower altitudes. No evidence of shifts was observed for F. sylvatica. Conclusion This work demonstrates that changes in altitudinal distribution could occur over a 10-yr time period for tree species located at the southern limit of their distribution, such as some temperate and sub-Mediterranean oaks, whereas no movement was detected for Mediterranean oaks in the core of their distribution area.},
author = {Urli, M. and Delzon, S. and Eyermann, A. and Couallier, V. and Garcia-Valdes, R. and Zavala, M.A. and Porte, A.J.},
doi = {10.1111/jvs.12079},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Urli et al.{\_}2014{\_}Inferring shifts in tree species distribution using asymmetric distribution curves A case study in the Iberian mountain.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1654-1103},
issn = {11009233},
journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science},
keywords = {Altitudinal distribution,Fagus,Forest,Model,Optimum,Quercus},
pages = {147--159},
title = {{Inferring shifts in tree species distribution using asymmetric distribution curves: A case study in the Iberian mountains}},
volume = {25},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Spotila1973,
author = {Spotila, J.R. and Lommen, P.W. and Bakken, G.S. and Gates, D.M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Spotila et al.{\_}1973{\_}A mathematical model for body temperatures of large reptiles Implications for dinosaur ecology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {American Naturalist},
number = {955},
pages = {391--404},
title = {{A mathematical model for body temperatures of large reptiles : Implications for dinosaur ecology}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2459539},
volume = {107},
year = {1973}
}
@article{Rykaczewski2008,
abstract = {Upwelling of nutrient-rich, subsurface water sustains high productivity in the ocean's eastern boundary currents. These ecosystems support a rate of fish harvest nearly 100 times the global mean and account for {\textgreater}20{\%} of the world's marine fish catch. Environmental variability is thought to be the major cause of the decadal-scale biomass fluctuations characteristic of fish populations in these regions, but the mechanisms relating atmospheric physics to fish production remain unexplained. Two atmospheric conditions induce different types of upwelling in these ecosystems: coastal, alongshore wind stress, resulting in rapid upwelling (with high vertical velocity, w); and wind-stress curl, resulting in slower upwelling (low w). We show that the level of wind-stress curl has increased and that production of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) varies with wind-stress curl over the past six decades. The extent of isopycnal shoaling, nutricline depth, and chlorophyll concentration in the upper ocean also correlate positively with wind-stress curl. The size structure of plankton assemblages is related to the rate of wind-forced upwelling, and sardine feed efficiently on small plankters generated by slow upwelling. Upwelling rate is a fundamental determinant of the biological structure and production in coastal pelagic ecosystems, and future changes in the magnitude and spatial gradient of wind stress may have important and differing effects on these ecosystems. Understanding of the biological mechanisms relating fisheries production to environmental variability is essential for wise management of marine resources under a changing climate.},
author = {Rykaczewski, R.R. and Checkley, D.M.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0711777105},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Rykaczewski, Checkley{\_}2008{\_}Influence of ocean winds on the pelagic ecosystem in upwelling regions.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Animals,Ecosystem,Fishes,Marine Biology,Oceans and Seas,Wind},
month = {feb},
number = {6},
pages = {1965--1970},
pmid = {18250305},
title = {{Influence of ocean winds on the pelagic ecosystem in upwelling regions.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2538866{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lawler2011a,
abstract = {Assisted colonization - also known as managed relocation or assisted migration - is one way of facilitating range shifts for species that are restricted in their ability to move in response to climate or other environmental changes. Over the past decade, a healthy debate has evolved in the scientific community over the costs and benefits of assisted colonization as a climate-adaptation strategy. This discussion has focused largely on the specific risks and benefits of intentionally moving species, and has led to the development of multiple frameworks and numerous recommendations for weighing and evaluating these factors. Here, we argue that this debate is, in part, misguided, and that a more productive discussion would result if the issue were reframed in light of (1) the goals of assisted colonization, (2) the realities of projected climate impacts, and (3) the use of complementary adaptation strategies, such as enhancing landscape connectivity.},
author = {Lawler, J.J. and Olden, J.D.},
doi = {10.1890/100106},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Lawler, Olden{\_}2011{\_}Reframing the debate over assisted colonization.pdf:pdf;:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lawler, Olden{\_}2011{\_}Reframing the debate over assisted colonization.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1540-9295},
issn = {15409295},
journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
number = {10},
pages = {569--574},
title = {{Reframing the debate over assisted colonization}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/100106},
volume = {9},
year = {2011}
}
@book{Gaston2003,
author = {Gaston, K.J.},
title = {{The structure and dynamics of geographic ranges}},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Clusella-Trullas2008,
author = {Clusella-Trullas, S. and Terblanche, J. S. and Blackburn, T. M. and Chown, S. L.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01377.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Clusella-Trullas et al.{\_}2008{\_}Testing the thermal melanism hypothesis a macrophysiological approach.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0269-8463},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
month = {apr},
pages = {232--238},
title = {{Testing the thermal melanism hypothesis: a macrophysiological approach}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01377.x},
volume = {22},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Willis2009,
abstract = {Recent climatic change in temperate regions has been rapid and there is mounting speculation that species are failing to keep track of suitable climate, perhaps necessitating assisted colonization for some species. An inability to spread into new areas may result in large reductions in species' ranges in the future, and threaten the survival of some species. Here we use "species-climate" models to predict suitable sites for introductions beyond current range margins, using two U. K. butterfly species. We introduced Melanargia galathea (marbled white) and Thymelicus sylvestris (small skipper) into two sites in northern England, similar to 65 and similar to 35 km beyond their then-range margins, respectively, to sites that were predicted to be climatically suitable and that appeared to contain suitable habitat for the species. Both introduced populations grew and expanded their range over 6 years (2001-2006; still thriving in 2008), suggesting the existence of a colonization lag and providing evidence that well-planned assisted colonization can be successful. We suggest that assisted colonization may be a feasible and cost-effective means of enabling certain species to track climatic change.},
author = {Willis, S.G. and Hill, J.K. and Thomas, C.D. and Roy, D.B. and Fox, R. and Blakeley, D.S. and Huntley, B.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00043.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Willis et al.{\_}2009{\_}Assisted colonization in a changing climate a test-study using two UK butterflies.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1755-263X},
issn = {1755263X},
journal = {Conservation Letters},
keywords = {assisted,climate change,distributions,introductions,range margin,range shift},
number = {1},
pages = {45--51},
pmid = {22491762},
title = {{Assisted colonization in a changing climate: a test-study using two UK butterflies}},
volume = {2},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Guilford2008,
abstract = {Sexual effect on movement},
author = {Guilford, T.C. and Meade, J. and Freeman, R. and Biro, D. and Evans, T. and Bonadonna, F. and Boyle, D. and Roberts, S. and Perrins, C.M.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00805.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Guilford et al.{\_}2008{\_}GPS tracking of the foraging movements of Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus breeding on Skomer Island, Wales.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1474-919X},
issn = {00191019},
journal = {Ibis},
keywords = {Climate change,Navigation,Procellariiform,Satellite telemetry,Seabird},
number = {3},
pages = {462--473},
title = {{GPS tracking of the foraging movements of Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus breeding on Skomer Island, Wales}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00805.x/full},
volume = {150},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Gaston2009c,
abstract = {Understanding of the determinants of species' geographic range limits remains poorly integrated. In part, this is because of the diversity of perspectives on the issue, and because empirical studies have lagged substantially behind developments in theory. Here, I provide a broad overview, drawing together many of the disparate threads, considering, in turn, how influences on the terms of a simple single-population equation can determine range limits. There is theoretical and empirical evidence for systematic changes towards range limits under some circumstances in each of the demographic parameters. However, under other circumstances, no such changes may take place in particular parameters, or they may occur in a different direction, with limitation still occurring. This suggests that (i) little about range limitation can categorically be inferred from many empirical studies, which document change in only one demographic parameter, (ii) there is a need for studies that document variation in all of the parameters, and (iii) in agreement with theoretical evidence that range limits can be formed in the presence or absence of hard boundaries, environmental gradients or biotic interactions, there may be few general patterns as to the determinants of these limits, with most claimed generalities at least having many exceptions.},
author = {Gaston, K.J.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.1480},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gaston{\_}2009{\_}Geographic range limits achieving synthesis(2).pdf:pdf;:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gaston{\_}2009{\_}Geographic range limits achieving synthesis.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0962-8452 (Print)$\backslash$n0962-8452 (Linking)},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {births,deaths,emigration,immigration,population size,range limits},
number = {1661},
pages = {1395--1406},
pmid = {19324809},
title = {{Geographic range limits: achieving synthesis.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324809},
volume = {276},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Aschoff1989,
author = {Aschoff, J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Aschoff{\_}1989{\_}Temporal orientation circadian clocks in animals and humans.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Animal Behaviour},
pages = {881--896},
title = {{Temporal orientation: circadian clocks in animals and humans}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003347289901322},
volume = {37},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Alerstam2006,
author = {Alerstam, T. and Hake, M. and Kjellen, N.},
journal = {Animal Behaviour},
number = {3},
pages = {555--566},
title = {{Temporal and spatial patterns of repeated migratory journeys by Ospreys}},
volume = {71},
year = {2006}
}
@article{McInerny2012,
author = {McInerny, G.J. and Etienne, R.S.},
doi = {10.1111/jbi.12032},
editor = {Higgins, Steven},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/McInerny, Etienne{\_}2012{\_}Stitch the niche - a practical philosophy and visual schematic for the niche concept.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03050270},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
keywords = {concept,correspondence,distribution,environment,fundamental niche,greg j,mcinerny,model,model selection,niche,policy,range,realized niche,species},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {2103--2111},
title = {{Stitch the niche - a practical philosophy and visual schematic for the niche concept}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jbi.12032},
volume = {39},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Villard2014,
abstract = {* Research addressing the effects of habitat fragmentation on species, assemblages or ecosystems has been fraught with difficulties, from its conceptual foundation to statistical analyses and interpretation. Yet, it is critical to address such challenges as ecosystems are rapidly being altered across the world. * Many studies have concluded that effects of habitat loss exceed those of fragmentation per se, that is, the degree to which a given amount of habitat is broken apart. There is also evidence from different biomes and taxa that habitat configuration, that is, the spatial arrangement of habitat at a given time, may influence several landscape processes such as functional connectivity, edge and matrix effects, and thus population viability. * Instead of focusing attention on the relative influence of either habitat loss or fragmentation, we must identify portions of the gradient in habitat amount where configuration effects are most likely to be observed. Here, we suggest that all species are, to a certain degree, sensitive to landscape change and that, assuming a homogeneous matrix, habitat configuration will have a higher influence on species at intermediate values of habitat amount, where configuration has potentially the greatest variability. * On the basis of empirical studies and simulations, we expect that species that are relatively tolerant to fragmentation of their habitat will exhibit a wider band where amount and configuration interact compared to species less tolerant to fragmentation. * Synthesis and applications. Reducing habitat loss should be a top priority for conservation planners. However, researchers should also investigate the indirect impacts of habitat loss on biodiversity through fragmentation effects. This research aims to identify windows of opportunity where habitat configuration can mitigate to some extent the effects of habitat loss, particularly through the maintenance of functional connectivity.},
author = {Villard, M.A. and Metzger, J.P.},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12190},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Villard, Metzger{\_}2014{\_}Beyond the fragmentation debate A conceptual model to predict when habitat configuration really matters.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1365-2664},
issn = {13652664},
journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Dispersal,Fragmentation threshold,Functional connectivity,Habitat availability,Land use intensification,Matrix,Movement ecology,Reachability},
pages = {309--318},
title = {{Beyond the fragmentation debate: A conceptual model to predict when habitat configuration really matters}},
volume = {51},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Ewers2006,
abstract = {Habitat loss has pervasive and disruptive impacts on biodiversity in habitat remnants. The magnitude of the ecological impacts of habitat loss can be exacerbated by the spatial arrangement -- or fragmentation -- of remaining habitat. Fragmentation per se is a landscape-level phenomenon in which species that survive in habitat remnants are confronted with a modified environment of reduced area, increased isolation and novel ecological boundaries. The implications of this for individual organisms are many and varied, because species with differing life history strategies are differentially affected by habitat fragmentation. Here, we review the extensive literature on species responses to habitat fragmentation, and detail the numerous ways in which confounding factors have either masked the detection, or prevented the manifestation, of predicted fragmentation effects. Large numbers of empirical studies continue to document changes in species richness with decreasing habitat area, with positive, negative and no relationships regularly reported. The debate surrounding such widely contrasting results is beginning to be resolved by findings that the expected positive species-area relationship can be masked by matrix-derived spatial subsidies of resources to fragment-dwelling species and by the invasion of matrix-dwelling species into habitat edges. Significant advances have been made recently in our understanding of how species interactions are altered at habitat edges as a result of these changes. Interestingly, changes in biotic and abiotic parameters at edges also make ecological processes more variable than in habitat interiors. Individuals are more likely to encounter habitat edges in fragments with convoluted shapes, leading to increased turnover and variability in population size than in fragments that are compact in shape. Habitat isolation in both space and time disrupts species distribution patterns, with consequent effects on metapopulation dynamics and the genetic structure of fragment-dwelling populations. Again, the matrix habitat is a strong determinant of fragmentation effects within remnants because of its role in regulating dispersal and dispersal-related mortality, the provision of spatial subsidies and the potential mediation of edge-related microclimatic gradients. We show that confounding factors can mask many fragmentation effects. For instance, there are multiple ways in which species traits like trophic level, dispersal ability and degree of habitat specialisation influence species-level responses. The temporal scale of investigation may have a strong influence on the results of a study, with short-term crowding effects eventually giving way to long-term extinction debts. Moreover, many fragmentation effects like changes in genetic, morphological or behavioural traits of species require time to appear. By contrast, synergistic interactions of fragmentation with climate change, human-altered disturbance regimes, species interactions and other drivers of population decline may magnify the impacts of fragmentation. To conclude, we emphasise that anthropogenic fragmentation is a recent phenomenon in evolutionary time and suggest that the final, long-term impacts of habitat fragmentation may not yet have shown themselves.},
author = {Ewers, R.M. and Didham, R.K.},
doi = {10.1017/S1464793105006949},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Ewers, Didham{\_}2006{\_}Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1464-7931 {\%}[ 2006},
issn = {1464-7931},
journal = {Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
pages = {117--142},
pmid = {16318651},
title = {{Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation.}},
volume = {81},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Taghert2011,
abstract = {Circadian ({\~{}}24 hour) pacemaking mechanisms exist within single cells. Which cellular properties contrive to produce a precise clockworks, and which cell properties are downstream of it? The literature is conflicted as to whether membrane excitability contributes to the mechanism. Now, a new conditional genetic strategy argues excitability is largely dispensable.},
author = {Taghert, P.H.},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.041},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Taghert{\_}2011{\_}Circadian pacemakers how clock properties relate to their cellular properties.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1879-0445},
journal = {Current biology},
keywords = {Animals,Drosophila,Drosophila Proteins,Drosophila Proteins: physiology,Drosophila melanogaster,Drosophila melanogaster: physiology,Drosophila: physiology,Inwardly Rectifying,Inwardly Rectifying: physiolog,Male,Neuropeptides,Neuropeptides: physiology,Period Circadian Proteins,Period Circadian Proteins: physiology,Potassium Channels},
month = {nov},
number = {21},
pages = {R894--R896},
pmid = {22075431},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Circadian pacemakers: how clock properties relate to their cellular properties.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075431 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982211010803},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Levin1984,
abstract = {We compare the dynamics of artificial populations of the annual Phlox drummondii introduced along a transect extending from within to beyond the species margin southwest of San Antonio, Texas. The margin is defined by a shift from sandy, nutrient poor soils to clay, nutrient-rich soils. Fourteen sites were chosen along the 6.5-mi transect. In each site seeds were planted into 1.5-m-square cleared plots and uncleared 10-m transects. Transplants also were introduced into cleared plots. Survival, flower production and seed set were monitored over the course of the growing season. Individual fitnesses and the reproductive rates of artificial populations generally declined as the distance from the margin increased. The results indicate soil type per se is not limiting Phlox and that plants can successfully grow and reproduce, albeit at a reduced level, in sites beyond their natural margin.},
author = {Levin, D.A. and Clay, K.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Levin, Clay{\_}1984{\_}Dynamics of synthetic Phlox drummondii populations at the species margin.pdf:pdf},
journal = {American Journal of Botany},
number = {8},
pages = {1040--1050},
title = {{Dynamics of synthetic Phlox drummondii populations at the species margin}},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122(198409)71:8{\%}3C1040:DOSPDP{\%}3E2.0.CO;2-1},
volume = {71},
year = {1984}
}
@article{VictorIII2012,
author = {{Victor III}, B. and Hellgren, E.C. and Sears, M.W. and Moody, R.W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.04.017},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Victor III et al.{\_}2012{\_}High-resolution niche models via a correlative approach Comparing and combining correlative and process-based inf.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043800},
journal = {Ecological Modelling},
month = {jul},
pages = {63--73},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{High-resolution niche models via a correlative approach: Comparing and combining correlative and process-based information}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380012001901 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380012001901},
volume = {237-238},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Lee2009,
author = {Lee, D.S.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lee{\_}2009{\_}Mass die-offs of Greater Shearwaters in the western north atlantic Effects of weather patterns on mortality of a trans-equatori.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The Chat},
pages = {37--47},
title = {{Mass die-offs of Greater Shearwaters in the western north atlantic: Effects of weather patterns on mortality of a trans-equatorial migrant}},
volume = {73},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Hampe2005,
abstract = {Modern climate change is producing poleward range shifts of numerous taxa, communities and ecosystems worldwide. The response of species to changing environments is likely to be determined largely by population responses at range margins. In contrast to the expanding edge, the low-latitude limit (rear edge) of species ranges remains understudied, and the critical importance of rear edge populations as long-term stores of species' genetic diversity and foci of speciation has been little acknowledged. We review recent findings from the fossil record, phylogeography and ecology to illustrate that rear edge populations are often disproportionately important for the survival and evolution of biota. Their ecological features, dynamics and conservation requirements differ from those of populations in other parts of the range, and some commonly recommended conservation practices might therefore be of little use or even counterproductive for rear edge populations.},
author = {Hampe, A. and Petit, R.J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00739.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hampe, Petit{\_}2005{\_}Conserving biodiversity under climate change the rear edge matters.PDF:PDF},
issn = {1461-0248},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {2005,461,467,8,change,demography,diversification,ecology letters,extinction,genetic differentiation,glacial refugia,global,leading edge,peripheral populations,quaternary,trailing edge},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {461--467},
pmid = {21352449},
title = {{Conserving biodiversity under climate change: the rear edge matters.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21352449},
volume = {8},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Mishra2016,
author = {Mishra, P.K. and Saroha, G.P.},
doi = {10.5815/ijigsp.2016.05.07},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Mishra, Saroha{\_}2016{\_}A study on classification for static and moving object in video surveillance system.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20749074},
journal = {International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing},
pages = {76--82},
title = {{A study on classification for static and moving object in video surveillance system}},
url = {http://www.mecs-press.org/ijigsp/ijigsp-v8-n5/v8n5-7.html},
volume = {5},
year = {2016}
}
@book{Pennycuick2008a,
abstract = {There is a statistical trend for larger birds to have higher aspect ratios than smaller ones, although the wing area varies as expected with the mass. This chapter uses original measurements (not trawled from the literature) of 220 bird species from the Wings Database of the Flight programme, and a subset of 44 species for which there are data on flight muscle mass, to make allometric plots of variables calculated by the programme. These include the minimum power speed, wingbeat frequency, specific work in the muscles and many others.},
address = {London},
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
booktitle = {Theoretical Ecology Series},
doi = {10.1016/S1875-306X(08)00013-0},
isbn = {9780123742995},
issn = {1875306X},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Modelling the flying bird}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en{\&}lr={\&}id=KG86AgWwFEUC{\&}oi=fnd{\&}pg=PP2{\&}dq=Modelling+the+flying+bird{\&}ots=RuC8WpWOUJ{\&}sig=WLYgVZddB1E3mGbSFo2M71CEdRY http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875306X08000130},
volume = {5},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Roderick2006,
abstract = {To date, ecologists involved in global change have focused on the consequences of changes in air temperature. Concurrently, the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of the Earth has been declining, resulting in so-called 'global dimming'. Now, Wild et al. and Pinker et al. have reported a reversal in this trend in some regions that has occurred over the past 15 years or so. These new findings, combined with earlier work, show that the transparency of the atmosphere can vary substantially over periods of at least 20-50 years. Thus, the ecological consequences of sustained trends in the occurrence of sunlight at the surface of the Earth need a more careful assessment than was previously thought.},
author = {Roderick, M.L.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.005},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Roderick{\_}2006{\_}The ever-flickering light.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0169-5347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Atmosphere,Atmosphere: analysis,Ecology,Environmental Monitoring,Greenhouse Effect,Models,Photosynthesis,Radiation,Scattering,Sunlight,Theoretical},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {3--5},
pmid = {16701460},
title = {{The ever-flickering light}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16701460 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534705003654},
volume = {21},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Chang2016,
abstract = {Cooperative localization has been proved to effectively outperform single-robot localization. While most of the state-of-the-art multi-robot localization systems either treat moving objects as outliers or accomplish moving object tracking separately from localization, we argue that augmenting moving objects into the localization estimation can further enhance localization performance and is indeed the key to solve several localization challenges such as insufficient map features, no map features, and symmetric maps. In this paper, a multi-robot simultaneous localization and tracking (MR-SLAT) algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter is proposed, and multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) is integrated into MR-SLAT for dealing with challenging data association issues. The proposed approach is verified in two scenarios: the NAO humanoid robots equipped with cameras and WiFi are used in the RoboCup scenario and the robotic vehicles with laser scanners and dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) are used in the traffic scenario. The experiments with ground truth show that MR-SLAT, by exploiting moving objects, is superior to single-robot localization and cooperative localization in challenging scenarios. Ample experimental and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting moving objects and the generality and feasibility of the proposed MR-SLAT algorithm.},
author = {Chang, C.H. and Wang, S.C. and Wang, C.C.},
doi = {10.1109/TASE.2015.2426203},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Chang, Wang, Wang{\_}2016{\_}Exploiting moving objects Multi-robot simultaneous localization and tracking.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15455955},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering},
keywords = {Cooperative systems,multi-sensor systems,robot sensing systems},
number = {2},
pages = {810--827},
title = {{Exploiting moving objects: Multi-robot simultaneous localization and tracking}},
volume = {13},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Hedenstrom2009,
author = {Hedenstr{\"{o}}m, A.},
doi = {10.1242/​jeb.022509},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hedenstr{\"{o}}m{\_}2009{\_}Mechanics of bird flight the power curve of a pigeon by CJ Pennycuick.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
number = {10},
pages = {1421--1422},
title = {{Mechanics of bird flight: the power curve of a pigeon by CJ Pennycuick}},
url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/content/212/10/1421.short},
volume = {212},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Liechti2006,
author = {Liechti, F.},
doi = {10.1007/s10336-006-0061-9},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Liechti{\_}2006{\_}Birds blowin' by the wind.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8375},
journal = {Journal of Ornithology},
keywords = {bairlein,behaviour {\ae},bird migration {\ae} flight,communicated by f,drift {\ae} wind influence,flight costs {\ae} wind,migratory strategies,{\ae}},
month = {mar},
pages = {202--211},
title = {{Birds: blowin' by the wind?}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10336-006-0061-9},
volume = {147},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Pennycuick2008,
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pennycuick{\_}2008{\_}Fuel economy in cross-country soaring flight.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Modelling the Flying Bird Suppliments},
pages = {1--13},
title = {{Fuel economy in cross-country soaring flight}},
volume = {5},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Hutchinson1957,
author = {Hutchinson, G.E.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hutchinson{\_}1957{\_}Concluding remarks.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0035-9157},
journal = {Cold Spring Harbor Symposia},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {415--427},
pmid = {20919325},
title = {{Concluding remarks}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20919325 http://symposium.cshlp.org/content/22/415?keytype2=tf{\_}ipsecsha{\&}ijkey=d613a03171058749a2eb6f02397cf94ec1512de9},
volume = {22},
year = {1957}
}
@article{Bell2007,
abstract = {This paper describes NASA World Wind, its technical architecture and performance, and its emerging use for mission operations. World Wind is a geographic information system that provides graphical access to terabytes of imagery and elevation models for planets and other celestial objects including satellite and other data of the Earth, Moon, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter; as well as astronomical data made available through the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. World Wind is also a customizable system that can be integrated as part of other applications. World Wind is not only an application in which add-ons can be integrated, but is also being developed as a plugin that can be integrated with other applications. This paper also describes the significant contributions of the international opensource community in making World Wind what it is today. Contributions have involved the following: 1) lead development of add-ons, several of which have been integrated as part of the core system available for direct download via sourceforge, 2) lead provider of high-resolution data sets, 3) lead help desk support through Internet relay chat for end-users and developers, and 4) significant technical contributions to the core system including bug identification, tracking and resolution as well as ideas for new features and source code modifications.},
author = {Bell, D.G. and Kuehnel, F. and Maxwell, C. and Kim, R. and Kasraie, K. and Gaskins, T. and Hogan, P. and Coughlan, J.},
doi = {10.1109/AERO.2007.352954},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bell et al.{\_}2007{\_}NASA world wind Opensource GIS for mission operations.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1424405254},
issn = {1095323X},
journal = {2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference},
pages = {1--9},
title = {{NASA world wind: Opensource GIS for mission operations}},
volume = {IEEE},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Moir2012,
abstract = {Translocation, introduction, reintroduction, and assisted migrations are species conservation strategies that are attracting increasing attention, especially in the face of climate change. However, preventing the extinction of the suite of dependent species whose host species are threatened is seldom considered, and the effects on dependent species of moving threatened hosts are unclear. There is no published guidance on how to decide whether to move species, given this uncertainty. We examined the dependent-host system of 4 disparate taxonomic groups: insects on the feather-leaf banksia (Banksia brownii), montane banksia (B. montana), and Stirling Range beard heath (Leucopogon gnaphalioides); parasites of wild cats; mites and ticks on Duvaucel's gecko (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) and tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus); and internal coccidian parasites of Cirl Bunting (Emberiza cirlus) and Hihi (Notiomystis cincta). We used these case studies to demonstrate a simple process for use in species- and community-level assessments of efforts to conserve dependents with their hosts. The insects dependent on Stirling Range beard heath and parasites on tigers (Panthera tigris) appeared to represent assemblages that would not be conserved by ex situ host conservation. In contrast, for the cases of dependent species we examined involving a single dependent species (internal parasites of birds and the mite Geckobia naultina on Duvaucel's gecko), ex situ conservation of the host species would also conserve the dependent species. However, moving dependent species with their hosts may be insufficient to maintain viable populations of the dependent species, and additional conservation strategies such as supplementing populations may be needed.},
author = {Moir, M.L. and Vesk, P.A. and Brennan, K.E.C. and Poulin, R. and Hughes, L. and Keith, D.A. and McCarthy, M.A.. and Coates, D.J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01826.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Moir et al.{\_}2012{\_}Considering extinction of dependent species during translocation, ex situ conservation, and assisted migration of threa.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0888-8892},
issn = {08888892},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
keywords = {Assisted colonization,Coextinction conservation planning,Extinction risk,Introductions,Managed relocation,Parasites,Plant-insect interactions,Translocation},
number = {2},
pages = {199--207},
pmid = {22443127},
title = {{Considering extinction of dependent species during translocation, ex situ conservation, and assisted migration of threatened hosts}},
volume = {26},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Hesslerova2013,
abstract = {Surface temperature (Ts) is directly related to the capacity of every ecosystem to direct energy to different heat fluxes. Vegetation with a sufficient supply of water is able to cool down the surface by enhancing the latent heat flux via evapotranspiration. We chose seven types of land covers common in a temperate agricultural landscape and used a combined method of airship thermal scanning of Ts and ground measuring of thermodynamic Ta to show their Ts and Ta (air temperature) characteristics under high solar irradiance and their consequences for local climate; simultaneously we showed that this temperature difference increases with water content. A combined method of airship thermal scanning of Ts and ground measuring of thermodynamic Ta was used. The localities differed markedly in both the values and the dynamics of Ts and Ts-Ta. In the early afternoon the difference in Ts between the different land covers reached almost 20°C. Ecosystems with non-functional or no vegetation largely resembled the asphalt surface, whereas the ecosystems covered with dense, bushy or tree vegetation showed relatively well balanced daily temperature dynamics with low temperature extremes and a slow temperature morning increase or afternoon decrease. Ts-Ta at the peaking solar irradiance ranged between -1°C at the forest and 14-17°C at the dry harvested meadow and the asphalt surface respectively. We highlight the importance of Ts as a measurable indicator of ecosystem and landscape functioning and outline the importance of functional vegetation for climate. Those feedbacks between vegetation, surface temperature, water and climate are crucial in the landscape management, climate change discussions and therefore for decision makers and landscape developers. {\textcopyright} 2013 .},
author = {Hesslerov{\'{a}}, P. and Pokorn{\'{y}}, J. and Brom, J. and Rej{\v{s}}kov{\'{a}}-Proch{\'{a}}zkov{\'{a}}, A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.01.036},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hesslerov{\'{a}} et al.{\_}2013{\_}Daily dynamics of radiation surface temperature of different land cover types in a temperate cultural landscape.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0925-8574},
issn = {09258574},
journal = {Ecological Engineering},
keywords = {Airship thermal scanning,Climate,Solar energy distribution,Vegetation,Water},
pages = {145--154},
title = {{Daily dynamics of radiation surface temperature of different land cover types in a temperate cultural landscape: Consequences for the local climate}},
volume = {54},
year = {2013}
}
@book{Jackson2010,
abstract = {Life evolves in a cyclic environment, and to be successful, organisms must adapt not only to their spatial habitat, but also to their temporal habitat. How do plants and animals determine the time of year so they can anticipate seasonal changes in their habitats? In most cases, day length, or photoperiod, acts as the principal external cue for determining seasonal activity. For organisms not living at the bottom of the ocean or deep in a cave, day follows night, and the length of the day changes predictably throughout the year. These changes in photoperiod provide the most accurate signal for predicting upcoming seasonal conditions. Measuring day length allows plants and animals to anticipate and adapt to seasonal changes in their environments in order to optimally time key developmental events including seasonal growth and flowering of plants, annual bouts of reproduction, dormancy and migration in insects, and the collapse and regrowth of the reproductive system that drives breeding seasons in mammals and birds. Although research on photoperiodic time measurement originally integrated work on plants and animals, recent work has focused more narrowly and separately on plants, invertebrates, or vertebrates. As the fields have become more specialized there has been less interaction across the broader field of photoperiodism. As a result, researchers in each area often needlessly repeat both theoretical and experimental work. For example, understanding that there are genetically distinct morphs among species that, depending on latitude, respond to different critical photoperiods was discovered separately in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates over the course of 20 years. However, over the past decade, intense work on daily and seasonal rhythms in fruit flies, mustard plants, and hamsters and mice, has led to remarkable progress in understanding the phenomenology, as well as the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms and clocks. This book was developed to further this type of cooperation among scientists from all related disciplines. It brings together leading researchers working on photoperiodic timing of seasonal adaptations in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Each of its three sections begins with an introduction by the section editor, and at the end of the book, the section editors present a synthesis of common themes in photoperiodism, as well as discuss similarities and differences in approaches to the study of photoperiodism, and future directions for research on photoperiodic time measurement.},
address = {New York, NY},
author = {Jackson, S.},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcr215},
editor = {{Oxford University Press}},
isbn = {9780195335903},
issn = {0305-7364},
publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA},
title = {{Photoperiodism. The biological calendar}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en{\&}lr={\&}id=RCpnkiegrTYC{\&}oi=fnd{\&}pg=PR7{\&}dq=Photoperiodism:+The+Biological+Calender{\&}ots=B7qhNUJw6n{\&}sig=O7eYMX7R5qM0X8GpwH820W2SGeE http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/aob/mcr215},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Ferriere2013a,
abstract = {Adaptive dynamics theory has been devised to account for feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. Doing so opens new dimensions to and raises new challenges about evolutionary rescue. Adaptive dynamics theory predicts that successive trait substitutions driven by eco-evolutionary feedbacks can gradually erode population size or growth rate, thus potentially raising the extinction risk. Even a single trait substitution can suffice to degrade population viability drastically at once and cause 'evolutionary suicide'. In a changing environment, a population may track a viable evolutionary attractor that leads to evolutionary suicide, a phenomenon called 'evolutionary trapping'. Evolutionary trapping and suicide are commonly observed in adaptive dynamics models in which the smooth variation of traits causes catastrophic changes in ecological state. In the face of trapping and suicide, evolutionary rescue requires that the population overcome evolutionary threats generated by the adaptive process itself. Evolutionary repellors play an important role in determining how variation in environmental conditions correlates with the occurrence of evolutionary trapping and suicide, and what evolutionary pathways rescue may follow. In contrast with standard predictions of evolutionary rescue theory, low genetic variation may attenuate the threat of evolutionary suicide and small population sizes may facilitate escape from evolutionary traps.},
author = {Ferriere, R. and Legendre, S.},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0081},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Ferriere, Legendre{\_}2013{\_}Eco-evolutionary feedbacks, adaptive dynamics and evolutionary rescue theory(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0962-8436},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {Adaptation,Biological,Biological Evolution,Competitive Behavior,Ecosystem,Extinction,Genetic,Genetic Fitness,Genetic Variation,Genetics,Models,Phenotype,Population,Population Density,Population Dynamics,Population: methods,Selection},
number = {1610},
pages = {1--14},
pmid = {23209163},
title = {{Eco-evolutionary feedbacks, adaptive dynamics and evolutionary rescue theory.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3538448{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {368},
year = {2013}
}
@misc{Chi2013,
author = {Chi, W. and XiaoCheng, G. and Peng, Z. and Tang, B. and Sun, T. and WenYa, L. and Hu, Y},
booktitle = {Science China Earth Sciences},
doi = {10.1007/s11430-013-4608-3},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Chi et al.{\_}2013{\_}Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical simulations on the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere A review.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1143001346},
issn = {16747313},
keywords = {MHD simulations,magnetosphere,solar wind},
month = {apr},
number = {7},
pages = {1141--1157},
title = {{Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical simulations on the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere: A review}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11430-013-4608-3},
volume = {56},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Lunt2013,
author = {Lunt, Ian D. and Byrne, M. and Hellmann, J.J. and Mitchell, N.J. and Garnett, S.T. and Hayward, M.W. and Martin, T.G. and McDonald-Maddden, E. and Williams, S.E. and Zander, K.K.},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.034},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lunt et al.{\_}2013{\_}Using assisted colonisation to conserve biodiversity and restore ecosystem function under climate change.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
keywords = {ecological replacement},
pages = {172--177},
title = {{Using assisted colonisation to conserve biodiversity and restore ecosystem function under climate change}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320712003898},
volume = {157},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Taylor2010,
abstract = {Migratory animals are comprised of a complex series of interconnected breeding and nonbreeding populations. Because individuals in any given population can arrive from a variety of sites the previous season, predicting how different populations will respond to environmental change can be challenging. In this study, we develop a population model composed of a network of breeding and wintering sites to show how habitat loss affects patterns of connectivity and species abundance. When the costs of migration are evenly distributed, habitat loss at a single site can increase the degree of connectivity (mixing) within the entire network, which then acts to buffer global populations from declines. However, the degree to which populations are buffered depends on where habitat loss occurs within the network: a site that has the potential to receive individuals from multiple populations in the opposite season will lead to smaller declines than a site that is more isolated. In other cases when there are equal costs of migration to two or more sites in the opposite season, habitat loss can result in some populations becoming segregated (disconnected) from the rest of the network. The geographic structure of the network can have a significant influence on relative population sizes of sites in the same season and can also affect the overall degree of mixing in the network, even when sites are of equal intrinsic quality. When a migratory network is widely spaced and migration costs are high, an equivalent habitat loss will lead to a larger decline in global population size than will occur in a network where the overall costs of migration are low. Our model provides an important foundation to test predictions related to habitat loss in real-world migratory networks and demonstrates that migratory networks will likely produce different dynamics from traditional metapopulations. Our results provide strong evidence that estimating population connectivity is a prerequisite for successfully predicting changes in migratory populations.},
author = {Taylor, C.M. and Norris, D.R.},
doi = {10.1007/s12080-009-0054-4},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Taylor, Norris{\_}2010{\_}Population dynamics in migratory networks.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1874-1738},
issn = {18741738},
journal = {Theoretical Ecology},
keywords = {Costs of migration,Habitat loss,Migratory animals,Migratory connectivity},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {65--73},
title = {{Population dynamics in migratory networks}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s12080-009-0054-4 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12080-009-0054-4},
volume = {3},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Mouritsen2000,
abstract = {We present here a mathematical formula for the directional distribution of migratory birds if they use a vector navigation/clock-and-compass strategy to find their winter quarters. It is based on mathematical expectation theory and shows that a simple parabola can describe the expected geographical spread of clock-and-compass birds as a function of migratory distance. Predictions based on this model are then tested against all same autumn ringing recoveries of first-season Pied Flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, ringed in Scandinavia and European Robins, Erithacus rubecula, ringed in Sweden and Finland and recovered north of the Sahara Desert. We find that the predictions of our analytical model fit the ringing recovery distribution of freely migrating conspecifics extremely well.},
author = {Mouritsen, H. and Mouritsen, O.},
doi = {10.1006/jtbi.2000.2171},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Mouritsen, Mouritsen{\_}2000{\_}A mathematical expectation model for bird navigation based on the clock-and-compass strategy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-5193},
issn = {0022-5193},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
keywords = {Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Biological,Birds,Birds: physiology,Flight,Models},
month = {nov},
pages = {283--291},
pmid = {11034834},
title = {{A mathematical expectation model for bird navigation based on the clock-and-compass strategy.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11034834},
volume = {207},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Pennycuick2002,
abstract = {The classical theory of wind-gradient soaring requires an albatross to climb against the wind without losing air speed, relying on the increase in the wind strength as it climbs to offset the deceleration due to the climb. A simple calculation shows that a strong enough wind gradient could only be expected up to a height of about 3 m above the surface, in conditions where albatrosses typically pull up to around 15 m. Rather than extracting energy continuously from the wind gradient in a sustained climb, it is more effective to obtain pulses of energy at low level, by flying through regions of separated flow behind wave crests, out into the unobstruc- ted wind. Much more energy is extracted by receiving such a gust from the ventral side than from ahead. The typical behaviour of albatrosses is to roll belly-to-wind to a very steep angle of bank, as they pull up out of a separation bubble, when crossing a wave crest to windward. This manoeuvre delivers a pulse of kinetic energy corresponding to an ‘energy height', which is sufficient to account for the observed height of pullups. These were highest when stepping from wave to wave, down-swell. Alternatively, the energy can be used to penetrate into wind, close to the surface. Less energy height is available to smaller species from a gust of given strength, and their observed pullups were not so high as those of albatrosses. Manoeuvring in response to gusts would require fast and accurate monitoring of very small dynamic pressures, of the order of a few millimetres of water, calling for a sense organ more sensitive than any existing aircraft air speed indicator. It is suggested that the forward-poin- ting tubular nostrils of Procellariiformes (‘Tubinares') serve as pitot tubes, and that the large nasal sense organ is (at least in part) an organ that monitors dynamic pressure. The impli- cation is that only tube-nosed birds have the sensory ability to take advantage of the energy in gusts due to flow separation over wave crests. This is an unlimited source of energy, avail- able in abundance wherever winds of medium speed create the right surface conditions. Gan- nets and boobies do not have tubular nostrils, although they are otherwise quite similar mor- phologically to small albatrosses. Their flight is entirely different, relying heavily on flapping, with only a limited capacity for slope soaring along ocean swells (swell soaring). Their distri- bution is very restricted in comparison to that of petrels and albatrosses, which can roam free- ly anywhere over the oceans},
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pennycuick{\_}2002{\_}Gust soaring as a basis for the flight of petrels and albatrosses (Procellariiformes).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {ISSN 1424-8743},
journal = {Avian Science},
keywords = {5 windsor court,albatross,bristol bs8 1ug,bristol bs8 4lj,c,clifton,colin,com,correspondence,e-mail,flight,j,k,ocean,pennycuick,school of biological sciences,soaring,u,u-net,university of bristol,woodland road},
number = {1},
pages = {1--12},
title = {{Gust soaring as a basis for the flight of petrels and albatrosses (Procellariiformes)}},
url = {http://www.eounion.org/pdf/v21/AS-2-1-Pennycuick.pdf http://www.eounion.org/pdf/v21/as-2-1-pennycuick.pdf},
volume = {2},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Grinnell1917,
abstract = {1917 ] GRINNELL, The California Thrasher. 427 into the body of the partly eaten bantam and replaced it in the same spot where he found it. Next morning the seemingly im-possible was made a practical certainty, for he found the body of a screech owl with the claws of one foot firmly imbedded in the body of the bantam. He very kindly presented me with the owl which, upon dissection, proved to be a female, its stomach containing a very considerable amount of bantam flesh and feathers, together with a great deal of wheat. (It seems probable that the wheat was accidentally swallowed with the crop of the bantam during the feast, but there was so much that it seems strange the owl did not discard it while eating). How a bird only 9.12 inches in length could have dealt out such havoc in so short a time is almost in-credible, but, 'although purely circumstantial, the evidence against the owl appeared altogether too strong for even a reasonable doubt. The doctor and I wished to make as certain as possible, however, so the poisoned bantam was replaced and left for several days, but without any further results. For the above mentioned reasons I am rather doubtful as to the net value of this owl from an economic standpoint, although birds in a wild state would not give them such opportunities for such wanton killing as birds enclosed in pens. THE California Thrasher (Tozostoma redivivum) is one of the several distinct bird types which characterize the so-called "Cali-fornian Fauna." Its range is notably restricted, even more so than that of the Wren-Tit. Only at the south does the California Thrasher occur beyond the limits of the state of California, and in that direction only as far as the San Pedro Martir Mountains and 1 Contribution from the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California.},
author = {Grinnell, J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Grinnell{\_}1917{\_}The niche-relationship of the California Thrasher.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The Auk},
number = {4},
pages = {427--433},
title = {{The niche-relationship of the California Thrasher}},
volume = {34},
year = {1917}
}
@article{Fuller1998b,
author = {Fuller, M.R. and Seegar, W.S. and Schueck, L.S.},
doi = {10.2307/3677162},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Fuller, Seegar, Schueck{\_}1998{\_}Routes and Travel Rates of Migrating Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus and Swainson's Hawks Buteo swain(2).pdf:pdf;:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Fuller, Seegar, Schueck{\_}1998{\_}Routes and travel rates of migrating Peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus and Swainson's hawks Buteo swainson.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09088857},
journal = {Journal of Avian Biology},
month = {dec},
number = {4},
pages = {433--440},
title = {{Routes and travel rates of migrating Peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus and Swainson's hawks Buteo swainsoni in the western hemisphere}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3677162?origin=crossref},
volume = {29},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Melbourne2009,
abstract = {Although mean rates of spread for invasive species have been intensively studied, variance in spread rates has been neglected. Variance in spread rates can be driven exogenously by environmental variability or endogenously by demographic or genetic stochasticity in reproduction, survival, and dispersal. Endogenous variability is likely to be important in spread but has not been studied empirically. We show that endogenously generated variance in spread rates is remarkably high between replicated invasions of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum in laboratory microcosms. The observed variation between replicate invasions cannot be explained by demographic stochasticity alone, which indicates inherent limitations to predictability in even the simplest ecological settings.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Melbourne, B.A. and Hastings, A.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1176138},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Melbourne, Hastings{\_}2009{\_}Highly variable spread rates in replicated biological invasions fundamental limits to predictability.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9788578110796},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Animals,Ecosystem,Environment,Forecasting,Linear Models,Models,Population Dynamics,Reproduction,Statistical,Stochastic Processes,Tribolium,Tribolium: physiology},
number = {5947},
pages = {1536--1539},
pmid = {19762641},
title = {{Highly variable spread rates in replicated biological invasions: fundamental limits to predictability.}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/325/5947/1536.abstract},
volume = {325},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Parmesan2006,
author = {Parmesan, C.N.},
doi = {10.2307/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.30000024},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Parmesan{\_}2006{\_}Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1543-592X},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Evolution and Systematics and Systematics},
keywords = {aquatic,global warming,phenology,range shift,terrestrial,trophic},
pages = {636--637},
pmid = {443},
title = {{Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change}},
volume = {37},
year = {2006}
}
@article{PerpinanLmigueiro2010,
author = {{Perpinan Lmigueiro}, O.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop//Perpinan Lmigueiro{\_}2010{\_}Package ‘solaR'.pdf:pdf},
journal = {R Package Documentation},
title = {{Package ‘solaR'}},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Pennycuick1960,
abstract = {1. Matthews's hypothesis of sun navigation in its original form is rejected on the grounds of physical impossibility of making one of the measurements, and an invalid assumption in the reasoning.2. It is suggested that the bird should measure the sun's altitude and rate of change of altitude. The position lines corresponding to these quantities are discussed, and the way in which birds might make and use such observations is considered.3. The sensory performance required is shown to be reasonable.4. The magnitude and direction of the errors of position resulting from various sorts of errors of observation are discussed in relation to the experimental evidence.5. Suggestions are put forward for future experiments.},
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pennycuick{\_}1960{\_}The physical basis of astronavigation in birds theoretical considerations.PDF:PDF},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
keywords = {Pennycuick10 1960},
number = {3},
pages = {573--593},
title = {{The physical basis of astronavigation in birds: theoretical considerations}},
url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/content/37/3/573.short http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/37/3/573},
volume = {37},
year = {1960}
}
@article{Geber2005,
abstract = {Because the range boundary is the locale beyond which a taxon fails to persist, it provides a unique opportunity for studying the limits on adaptive evolution. Adaptive constraints on range expansion are perplexing in view of widespread ecotypic differentiation by habitat and region within a species' range (regional adaptation) and rapid evolutionary response to novel environments. In this study of two parapatric subspecies, Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana and C. x. ssp. parviflora, we compared the fitness of population transplants within their native region, in a non-native region within the native range, and in the non-native range to assess whether range expansion might be limited by a greater intensity of selection on colonists of a new range versus a new region within the range. The combined range of the two subspecies spans a west-to-east gradient of declining precipitation in the Sierra Nevada of California, with ssp. xantiana in the west being replaced by ssp. parviflora in the east. Both subspecies had significantly higher fitness in the native range (range adaptation), whereas regional adaptation was weak and was found only in the predominantly outcrossing ssp. xantiana but was absent in the inbreeding ssp. parvifilora. Because selection intensity on transplants was much stronger in the non-native range relative to non-native regions, there is a larger adaptive barrier to range versus regional expansion. Three of five sequential fitness components accounted for regional and range adaptation, but only one of them, survivorship from germination to flowering, contributed to both. Flower number contributed to regional adaptation in ssp. xantiana and fruit set (number of fruits per flower) to range adaptation. Differential survivorship of the two taxa or regional populations of ssp. xantiana in non-native environments was attributable, in part, to biotic interactions, including competition, herbivory, and pollination. For example, low fruit set in ssp. xantiana in the east was likely due to the absence of its principal specialist bee pollinators in ssp. parviflora's range. Thus, convergence on self-fertilization may be necessary for ssp. xantiana to invade ssp. parviflora's range, but the evolution of outcrossing would not be required for ssp. parviflora to invade ssp. xantiana's range.},
author = {Geber, M.A. and Eckhart, V.M.},
doi = {10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01012.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Geber, Eckhart{\_}2005{\_}Experimental studies of adaptation in Clarkia xantiana. II. Fitness variation across a subspecies border.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0014-3820},
issn = {0014-3820},
journal = {Evolution},
keywords = {2004,accepted december 23,fitness components,local adaptation,range boundary,range expansion,range versus regional adaptation,received april 26,reciprocal transplant},
number = {3},
pages = {521--531},
pmid = {15856695},
title = {{Experimental studies of adaptation in Clarkia xantiana. II. Fitness variation across a subspecies border.}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01012.x http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2{\&}SrcAuth=mekentosj{\&}SrcApp=Papers{\&}DestLinkType=FullRecord{\&}DestApp=WOS{\&}KeyUT=000227943400005},
volume = {59},
year = {2005}
}
@phdthesis{Bull2011,
author = {Bull, H.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bull{\_}2011{\_}The analemma dilemma solving visualization issues in astronomy using 3D graphics.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--31},
title = {{The analemma dilemma solving visualization issues in astronomy using 3D graphics}},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Porter1969b,
author = {Porter, W.P. and Gates, D.M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Porter, Gates{\_}1969{\_}Thermodynamic equilibria of animals with environment.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecological Monographs},
number = {3},
pages = {227--244},
title = {{Thermodynamic equilibria of animals with environment}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1948545},
volume = {39},
year = {1969}
}
@article{Tobalske1996,
abstract = {To investigate how birds that differ in morphology change their wing and body movements while flying at a range of speeds, we analyzed high-speed (60 Hz) video tapes of black-billed magpies (Pica pica) flying at speeds of 4-14 m s-1 and pigeons (Columba livia) flying at 6-20 m s-1 in a wind-tunnel. Pigeons had higher wing loading and higher-aspect-ratio wings compared with magpies. Both species alternated phases of steady-speed flight with phases of acceleration and deceleration, particularly at intermediate flight speeds. The birds modulated their wingbeat kinematics among these phases and frequently exhibited non-flapping phases while decelerating. Such modulation in kinematics during forward flight is typical of magpies but not of pigeons in the wild. The behavior of the pigeons may have been a response to the reduced power costs for flight in the closed wind-tunnel relative to those for free flight at similar speeds. During steady-speed flight, wingbeat frequency did not change appreciably with increasing flight speed. Body angle relative to the horizontal, the stroke-plane angles of the wingtip and wrist relative to the horizontal and the angle describing tail spread at mid-downstroke all decreased with increasing flight speed, thereby illustrating a shift in the dominant function of wing flapping from weight support at slow speeds to positive thrust at fast speeds. Using wingbeat kinematics to infer lift production, it appeared that magpies used a vortex-ring gait during steady-speed flight at all speeds whereas pigeons used a vortex-ring gait at 6 and 8 m s-1, a transitional vortex-ring gait at 10 m s-1, and a continuous-vortex gait at faster speeds. Both species used a vortex-ring gait for acceleration and a continuous-vortex gait or a non-flapping phase for deceleration during flight at intermediate wind-tunnel speeds. Pigeons progressively flexed their wings during glides as flight speed increased but never performed bounds. Wingspan during glides in magpies did not vary with flight speed, but the percentage of bounds among non-flapping intervals increased with speed from 10 to 14 m s-1. The use of non-flapping wing postures seemed to be related to the gaits used during flapping and to the aspect ratio of the wings. We develop an 'adverse-scaling' hypothesis in which it is proposed that the ability to reduce metabolic and mechanical power output using flap-bounding flight at fast flight speeds is scaled negatively with body mass. This represents an alternative to the 'fixed-gear' hypothesis previously suggested by other authors to explain the use of intermittent flight in birds. Future comparative studies in the field would be worthwhile, especially if instantaneous flight speeds and within-wingbeat kinematics were documented; new studies in the laboratory should involve simultaneous recording of wing kinematics and aerodynamic forces on the wing.},
author = {Tobalske, B. and Dial, K.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Tobalske, Dial{\_}1996{\_}Flight kinematics of black-billed magpies and pigeons over a wide range of speeds.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1477-9145},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
keywords = {black-billed magpie,bound,columba livia,flight,gait,glide,kinematics,pica pica,pigeon,speed,wingbeat},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {263--280},
pmid = {9317775},
title = {{Flight kinematics of black-billed magpies and pigeons over a wide range of speeds}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9317775},
volume = {199},
year = {1996}
}
@inproceedings{Pagnozzi2014,
abstract = {The development of multi-joint-spacecraft mission concepts calls for a deeper understanding of their nonlinear dynamics to inform and enhance system design. This paper presents a study of a three-finite-shape rigid-body system under the action of an ideal central gravitational field. The aim of this paper is to gain an insight into the natural dynamics of this system. The Hamiltonian dynamics is derived and used to identify relative attitude equilibria of the system with respect to the orbital reference frame. Then a numerical investigation of the behaviour far from the equilibria is provided using tools from modern dynamical systems theory such as energy methods, phase portraits and Poincar{\`{e}} maps. Results reveal a complex structure of the dynamics as well as the existence of connections between some of the equilibria. Stable equilibrium configurations appear to be surrounded by very narrow regions of regular and quasi-regular motions. Trajectories evolve on chaotic motions in the rest of the domain.},
author = {Pagnozzi, D. and Biggs, J.D.},
booktitle = {AIP conference},
doi = {10.1063/1.4904651},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pagnozzi, Biggs{\_}2014{\_}Dynamical analysis of an orbiting three-rigid-body system.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735412767},
keywords = {02,05,20,30,40,45,50,hamiltonian mechanics,hq,jf,jj,nonlinear systems analysis,pacs,poincar{\'{e}} map,pq,rigid body dynamics,space multi-body system,vh,yy},
pages = {786 -- 795},
title = {{Dynamical analysis of an orbiting three-rigid-body system}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.1063/1.4904651},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Armstrong2013,
abstract = {The sun has long been thought to guide bird navigation as the second step in a two-stage process, in which determining position using a map is followed by course setting using a compass, both over unfamiliar and familiar terrain. The animal's endogenous clock time-compensates the solar compass for the sun's apparent movement throughout the day, and this allows predictable deflections in orientation to test for the compass' influence using clock-shift manipulations. To examine the influence of the solar compass during a highly familiar navigational task, 24 clock-shifted homing pigeons were precision-tracked from a release site close to and in sight of their final goal, the colony loft. The resulting trajectories displayed significant partial deflection from the loft direction as predicted by either fast or slow clock-shift treatments. The partial deflection was also found to be stable along the entire trajectory indicating regular updating of orientation via input from the solar compass throughout the final approach flight to the loft. Our results demonstrate that time-compensated solar cues are deeply embedded in the way birds orient during homing flight, are accessed throughout the journey and on a remarkably fine-grained scale, and may be combined effectively simultaneously with direct guidance from familiar landmarks, even when birds are flying towards a directly visible goal.},
author = {Armstrong, C. and Wilkinson, H. and Meade, J. and Biro, D. and Freeman, R. and Guilford, T.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0063130},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Armstrong et al.{\_}2013{\_}Homing pigeons respond to time-compensated solar cues even in sight of the loft.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1932-6203},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS One},
keywords = {Animal,Animals,Columbidae,Columbidae: physiology,Cues,Flight,Homing Behavior,Housing,Orientation,Sunlight,Time Factors},
month = {jan},
number = {5},
pages = {e63130 1--6},
pmid = {23717401},
title = {{Homing pigeons respond to time-compensated solar cues even in sight of the loft.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3663752{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063130.g004},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Burrows2014,
author = {Burrows, M.T. and Schoeman, D.S. and Richardson, A.J. and Molinos, J.G. and Hoffmann, A. and Buckley, L.B. and Moore, P.J. and Brown, C.J. and Bruno, J.F. and Duarte, C.M. and Halpern, B.S. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and Kappel, Carrie V. and Kiessling, W. and O'Connor, M.L. and Pandolfi, J.M. and Parmesan, C. and Sydeman, W.J. and Ferrier, S. and Williams, K.J. and Poloczanska, E.S.},
doi = {10.1038/nature12976},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Burrows et al.{\_}2014{\_}Geographical limits to species-range shifts are suggested by climate velocity.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7493},
pages = {492--495},
title = {{Geographical limits to species-range shifts are suggested by climate velocity}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature12976},
volume = {507},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Lynch2012,
author = {Lynch, P.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lynch{\_}2012{\_}The equation of time and the analemma.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Bulletin of the Irish Mathematical Society},
pages = {47--56},
title = {{The equation of time and the analemma}},
url = {http://mathsci.ucd.ie/{~}plynch/Publications/Analemma-BIMS.pdf},
volume = {69},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Reda2003,
abstract = {This report is a step-by-step procedure for implementing an algorithm to calculate the solar zenith and azimuth angles in the period from the year --2000 to 6000, with uncertainties of {\$}\backslashpm{\$}0.0003/.},
author = {Reda, I. and Nrel, A.A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2003.12.003},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Reda, Nrel{\_}2003{\_}Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0038-092X},
issn = {0038-092X},
journal = {Solar Energy},
keywords = {NREL/TP-560-34302,Revised January 2008,algorithm,solar azimuth angles,solar position algorithm,solar radiation,solar radiation applications,solar zenith angles},
number = {5},
pages = {577--589},
title = {{Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications}},
volume = {76},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Dawson2001,
author = {Dawson, A. and King, V.M.},
doi = {10.1177/074873001129002079},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dawson, King{\_}2001{\_}Photoperiodic control of seasonality in birds.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Biological Rhythms},
pages = {365--380},
title = {{Photoperiodic control of seasonality in birds}},
url = {http://jbr.sagepub.com/content/16/4/365.short},
volume = {16},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Nikolov1992,
author = {Nikolov, N.T. and Zeller, K.F.},
doi = {10.1016/0304-3800(92)90015-7},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Nikolov, Zeller{\_}1992{\_}A solar radiation algorithm for ecosystem dynamic models.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043800},
journal = {Ecological Modelling},
month = {jun},
pages = {149--168},
title = {{A solar radiation algorithm for ecosystem dynamic models}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304380092900157},
volume = {61},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Melbourne2008,
abstract = {Extinction risk in natural populations depends on stochastic factors that affect individuals, and is estimated by incorporating such factors into stochastic models. Stochasticity can be divided into four categories, which include the probabilistic nature of birth and death at the level of individuals (demographic stochasticity), variation in population-level birth and death rates among times or locations (environmental stochasticity), the sex of individuals and variation in vital rates among individuals within a population (demographic heterogeneity). Mechanistic stochastic models that include all of these factors have not previously been developed to examine their combined effects on extinction risk. Here we derive a family of stochastic Ricker models using different combinations of all these stochastic factors, and show that extinction risk depends strongly on the combination of factors that contribute to stochasticity. Furthermore, we show that only with the full stochastic model can the relative importance of environmental and demographic variability, and therefore extinction risk, be correctly determined. Using the full model, we find that demographic sources of stochasticity are the prominent cause of variability in a laboratory population of Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), whereas using only the standard simpler models would lead to the erroneous conclusion that environmental variability dominates. Our results demonstrate that current estimates of extinction risk for natural populations could be greatly underestimated because variability has been mistakenly attributed to the environment rather than the demographic factors described here that entail much higher extinction risk for the same variability level.},
author = {Melbourne, B.A. and Hastings, A.},
doi = {10.1038/nature06922},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Melbourne, Hastings{\_}2008{\_}Extinction risk depends strongly on factors contributing to stochasticity.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1476-4687 (Electronic)$\backslash$n0028-0836 (Linking)},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7200},
pages = {100--103},
pmid = {18596809},
title = {{Extinction risk depends strongly on factors contributing to stochasticity.}},
volume = {454},
year = {2008}
}
@techreport{Reda2010,
abstract = {This report includes a procedure for implementing an algorithm (described by Jean Meeus [1]) to calculate the moon's zenith angle with uncertainty of ±0.001 degrees and azimuth angle with uncertainty of ±0.003 degrees. The step-by-step format presented here simplifies the complicated steps Meeus describes to calculate the Moon's position, and focuses on the Moon instead of the planets and stars. It also introduces some changes to accommodate for solar radiation applications.},
author = {Reda, I.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Reda{\_}2010{\_}Solar eclipse monitoring for solar energy applications using the solar and moon position algorithms.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {March 2010,NREL/TP-3B0-47681,algorithm,azimuth angle,moon,moon position,solar eclipse monitoring,solar energy applications,solar radiation applications,zenith angle},
number = {NREL/TP-3B0-47681},
title = {{Solar eclipse monitoring for solar energy applications using the solar and moon position algorithms}},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Pennycuick2006a,
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pennycuick{\_}2006{\_}In search of a biological constant the maximum isometric stress of vertebrate skeletal muscle deduced from the flight p.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Modelling the Flying Bird Suppliments},
pages = {1--23},
title = {{In search of a biological constant : the maximum isometric stress of vertebrate skeletal muscle deduced from the flight performance of a Whooper swan}},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Wiltschko2003,
author = {Wiltschko, R},
doi = {10.1006/anbe.2003.2054},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wiltschko{\_}2003{\_}Avian navigation from historical to modern concepts.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00033472},
journal = {Animal Behaviour},
month = {feb},
pages = {257--272},
title = {{Avian navigation: from historical to modern concepts}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347203920549},
volume = {65},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Gronroos2012,
abstract = {Migratory birds are predicted to adapt their departure to wind, changing their threshold of departure and selectivity of the most favourable winds in relation to the mean, scatter and skewness of the wind regime. The optimal departure behaviour depends also on the importance of time and energy minimization during migration and on the ratio of cost of flight to cost of resting and waiting for more favourable winds. We compared departure and flight activity of shorebirds migrating in contrasting wind regimes during autumn (high probability of wind resistance) and spring (high probability of wind assistance) in southern Scandinavia, using data obtained by radiotelemetry, radar tracking and visual observations. The shorebirds changed their threshold for departure in relation to wind between the two seasons, flying almost exclusively with wind assistance in spring but regularly with wind resistance during autumn. The degree of wind selectivity in relation to the distributions of available wind effects was similar during autumn and spring indicating that reducing time and energy costs for migration was important during both seasons. These results demonstrate that migratory birds change departure behaviour in relation to the prevailing wind regime. It remains unknown whether they change behaviour not only seasonally but also in different zones along the migration route and whether they respond to differences not only in mean wind conditions but also in scatter and skewness between wind regimes. Our study indicates the possible existence of an adaptive flexibility in responses to wind regimes among migratory birds. {\textcopyright} 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
author = {Gr{\"{o}}nroos, J. and Green, M. and Alerstam, T.},
doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.017},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gr{\"{o}}nroos, Green, Alerstam{\_}2012{\_}To fly or not to fly depending on winds Shorebird migration in different seasonal wind regimes.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0003-3472},
issn = {00033472},
journal = {Animal Behaviour},
keywords = {Departure decision,Migration,Radar,Radiotelemetry,Shorebird,Wind,Wind selectivity},
month = {jun},
pages = {1449--1457},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{To fly or not to fly depending on winds: Shorebird migration in different seasonal wind regimes}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347212001327 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347212001327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.017},
volume = {83},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Newton1996a,
abstract = {We attempt to quantify the relationship between migration and latitude in the avifauna of eastern North America. Progressing northward up the east side of the continent, the proportion of breeding species that moves south for the winter increases steadily, from 12{\%} at 25°N (southern Florida) to 87{\%} at 80°N (Ellesmere Island), a mean increase of 1.4{\%} for every degree of latitude. Conversely, the proportion of wintering species that moves north for the summer decreases with latitude, from 52{\%} at 25°N to none at 70°N, a mean decrease of 1.1{\%} for every degree of latitude. These relationships hold despite the fact that 24{\%} of all species breeding in eastern North America leave the area completely in fall to winter south of 25°N, mostly in Central and South America (including the Caribbean Islands). These trends are similar to those in western Europe, but at any given latitude an average of 17{\%} more breeding species leave for the winter in eastern North America, and 10{\%} more wintering species leave for the summer. This difference is attributed to climate, in that at any given latitude temperatures are cooler in eastern North America than in Europe. We argue that relationships between migration and latitude exist because latitude is a good surrogate measure of factors likely to more directly influence migration, such as climate and daylength, which in turn control the amplitude of seasonal changes in food supplies. CR - Copyright {\&}{\#}169; 1996 American Ornithologists' Union},
author = {Newton, I. and Dale, L.C.},
doi = {10.2307/4088983},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Newton, Dale{\_}1996{\_}Bird migration at different latitudes in eastern North America.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00048038},
journal = {The Auk},
number = {3},
pages = {626--635},
pmid = {1941},
title = {{Bird migration at different latitudes in eastern North America}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4088983},
volume = {113},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Carron2013,
author = {Carron, N.J.},
doi = {10.1119/1.4803531},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Carron{\_}2013{\_}Rotating frame analysis of rigid body dynamics in space phasor variables.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00029505},
journal = {American Journal of Physics},
number = {7},
pages = {518--526},
title = {{Rotating frame analysis of rigid body dynamics in space phasor variables}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/AJPIAS/v81/i7/p518/s1{\&}Agg=doi},
volume = {81},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Dias2012,
abstract = {Long-distance migrants have developed diverse strategies to deal with the challenges imposed by their annual journeys. These are relatively well studied in some avian groups, such as passerines, shorebirds and raptors. In contrast, few studies have addressed the migratory behaviour of pelagic birds in the light of current theories of optimal migration. Using a dataset of 100 complete migratory tracks gathered along four years, we performed a detailed study on the migratory strategy of a pelagic trans-equatorial migrant, the Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea. We analysed daily routines, stopover ecology and travel speed, as well as the influence of the moon on several behavioural patterns. Cory's shearwaters adopted a "fly-and-forage" strategy when migrating, similarly to what has been observed in some raptors. However, by flying by dynamic soaring, shearwaters attained high overall migration speeds, and were able to travel thousands of kilometres without making major stopovers and, apparently, without a noticeable pre-migratory fattening period. Other major findings of this study include the ability to adapt daily schedules when crossing major ecological barriers, and the constant adjustment of migration speed implying higher rates of travel in the pre-breeding movement, with a final sprint to the nesting colony. The present study also highlights a preference of Cory's shearwaters for starting travel at twilight and documents a strong relationship between their migratory activity and the moon phase.},
author = {Dias, M.P. and Granadeiro, J.P. and Catry, P.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0049376},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dias, Granadeiro, Catry{\_}2012{\_}Do seabirds differ from other migrants in their travel arrangements On route strategies of Cory's shearwate.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {e49376},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS One},
keywords = {Animal Migration,Animals,Birds,Birds: physiology,Geography,Moon,Species Specificity,Time Factors},
number = {11},
pages = {e49376 1--7},
pmid = {23145168},
title = {{Do seabirds differ from other migrants in their travel arrangements? On route strategies of Cory's shearwater during its trans-equatorial journey.}},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84868690213{\&}partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
volume = {7},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Akos2008,
abstract = {Gliding saves much energy, and to make large distances using only this form of flight represents a great challenge for both birds and people. The solution is to make use of the so-called thermals, which are localized, warmer regions in the atmosphere moving upwards with a speed exceeding the descent rate of bird and plane. Whereas birds use this technique mainly for foraging, humans do it as a sporting activity. Thermalling involves efficient optimization including the skilful localization of thermals, trying to guess the most favorable route, estimating the best descending rate, etc. In this study, we address the question whether there are any analogies between the solutions birds and humans find to handle the above task. High-resolution track logs were taken from thermalling falcons and paraglider pilots to determine the essential parameters of the flight patterns. We find that there are relevant common features in the ways birds and humans use thermals. In particular, falcons seem to reproduce the MacCready formula widely used by gliders to calculate the best slope to take before an upcoming thermal.},
author = {{\'{A}}kos, Z. and Nagy, M. and Vicsek, T.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0707711105},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/{\'{A}}kos, Nagy, Vicsek{\_}2008{\_}Comparing bird and human soaring strategies.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Falconiformes,Falconiformes: physiology,Flight,Humans,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Sports},
month = {mar},
number = {11},
pages = {4139--4143},
pmid = {18316724},
title = {{Comparing bird and human soaring strategies}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2393768{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract http://www.pnas.org/content/105/11/4139.short},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Wikelski2000,
abstract = {Tropical wet forests are commonly perceived as stable and constant envi- ronments. However, many rain forest organisms reproduce seasonally. To understand the proximate regulation of life history events in tropical organisms, we asked three questions: (1) How predictable are seasonal changes in the tropical rain forest? (2) Can tropical organisms anticipate environmental seasonality, despite the presumed lack of long-term environmental cues in near-equatorial areas? (3) What environmental cues can tropical organisms use? We studied Spotted Antbirds, monogamous understory insectivores, which started breeding in Panama (9 N) in May (wet season) and continued until September/ October. Breeding patterns were consistent between years, indicating that tropical seasons were as predictable for Spotted Antbirds (predictability 70{\%}) as they are for many north temperate birds. Individual Spotted Antbirds shut down reproductive capacity (i.e., de- creased gonad size) from October until February. In March, during the height of the dry season and about six weeks ahead of the wet season, gonads started to grow again. The growth rate of gonads was influenced by the amount of rainfall, which has been shown to correlate with food abundance. Gonad growth was paralleled by changes in luteinizing hormone, but not in testosterone, which remained at very low plasma levels year-round. The latter contrasts with the pattern for most migratory temperate-zone birds. Seasonal changes in reproductive activity correlated strongly with changes in the tropical photoperiod, but weakly with light intensity and rainfall, and not with temperature. Thus, Spotted Ant- birds likely anticipated rain forest seasonality using long-term cues (tropical photoperiod) and fine-tuned their reproductive activities using short-term cues (food/rainfall). The use of long-term environmental information could apply to most vertebrate species that live in the tropics.},
author = {Wikelski, M. and Hau, M. and Wingfield, J.C.},
doi = {10.2307/177467},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wikelski, Hau, Wingfield{\_}2000{\_}Seasonality of reproduction in a neotropical rain forest bird.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00129658},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {Hylophylax n. naevioides,environmental cues,food supply,gonad growth,hormonal changes,hylophylax n,naevioides,photoperiod,predictability of tropical seasons,rain forest,rainfall,seasonal reproduction,spotted antbird,tropics},
number = {9},
pages = {2458--2472},
title = {{Seasonality of reproduction in a neotropical rain forest bird}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081{\%}5B2458:SORIAN{\%}5D2.0.CO;2 http://www.jstor.org/stable/177467?origin=crossref},
volume = {81},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Sidoli2005,
author = {Sidoli, N.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0498.2005.470304.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Sidoli{\_}2005{\_}Heron's Dioptra 35 and analemma methods An astronomical determination of the distance between two cities.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0008-8994},
journal = {Centaurus},
month = {sep},
pages = {236--258},
title = {{Heron's Dioptra 35 and analemma methods: An astronomical determination of the distance between two cities}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2005.470304.x},
volume = {47},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Ronconi2010,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Among the most widespread seabirds in the world, shearwaters of the genus Puffinus are also some of the deepest diving members of the Procellariiformes. Maximum diving depths are known for several Puffinus species, but dive depths or diving behaviour have never been recorded for great shearwaters (P. gravis), the largest member of this genus. This study reports the first high sampling rate (2 s) of depth and diving behaviour for Puffinus shearwaters. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Time-depth recorders (TDRs) were deployed on two female great shearwaters nesting on Inaccessible Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, recording 10 consecutive days of diving activity. Remote sensing imagery and movement patterns of 8 males tracked by satellite telemetry over the same period were used to identify probable foraging areas used by TDR-equipped females. The deepest and longest dive was to 18.9 m and lasted 40 s, but most ({\textgreater}50{\%}) dives were {\textless}2 m deep. Diving was most frequent near dawn and dusk, with {\textless}0.5{\%} of dives occurring at night. The two individuals foraged in contrasting oceanographic conditions, one in cold (8 to 10°C) water of the Sub-Antarctic Front, likely 1000 km south of the breeding colony, and the other in warmer (10 to 16°C) water of the Sub-tropical Frontal Zone, at the same latitude as the colony, possibly on the Patagonian Shelf, 4000 km away. The cold water bird spent fewer days commuting, conducted four times as many dives as the warm water bird, dived deeper on average, and had a greater proportion of bottom time during dives. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: General patterns of diving activity were consistent with those of other shearwaters foraging in cold and warm water habitats. Great shearwaters are likely adapted to forage in a wide range of oceanographic conditions, foraging mostly with shallow dives but capable of deep diving.},
author = {Ronconi, R.A. and Ryan, P.G. and Ropert-Coudert, Y.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0015508},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Ronconi, Ryan, Ropert-Coudert{\_}2010{\_}Diving of great shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) in cold and warm water regions of the South Atlantic Oc.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS One},
keywords = {Animals,Antarctic Regions,Atlantic Ocean,Birds,Birds: physiology,Diving,Diving: physiology,Feeding Behavior,Feeding Behavior: physiology,Female,Geography,Male,Seawater,Temperature,Time Factors},
month = {jan},
number = {11},
pages = {e15508 1--7},
pmid = {21152089},
title = {{Diving of great shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) in cold and warm water regions of the South Atlantic Ocean.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2994869{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {5},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Newton1996,
abstract = {1. In western Europe, the number of bird species present in summer remains fairly constant at 187-229 between latitudes 35 and 65 degrees N, decreases to 156 by 70 degrees N, and then markedly to 26 and 24 on islands at 75 and 80 degrees N. The number present in winter decreases steadily with latitude from 211 at 35 degrees N to four at 80 degrees N, reflecting the greater withdrawal of species from northern latitudes in winter. 2. The proportion of summer visitors in the local avifauna in summer also increases with latitude from 29{\%} of breeding species at 35 degrees N to 83{\%} of breeding species at 80 degrees N. Conversely, the proportion of winter visitors in the local avifauna in winter decreases with latitude, from 36{\%} of wintering species at 35 degrees N to 8{\%} of wintering species (mostly seabirds) at 70 degrees N to none at 80 degrees N. 3. At most latitudes in the range 35-70 degrees N, while some species leave for the winter, a smaller number of other species move in, mostly from further north. About 23{\%} of breeding species leave western Europe totally in autumn to winter elsewhere, most in Africa south of the Sahara but others in southern Asia and elsewhere. Conversely, 3{\%} of wintering species leave western Europe totally in spring to breed elsewhere, some to the north-west in Iceland-Greenland-Canada and others to the north-east in northern Siberia.},
author = {Newton, I. and Dale, L.},
doi = {10.2307/5716},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Newton, Dale{\_}1996{\_}Relationship between migration and latitude among west European birds.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00218790},
issn = {00218790},
journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
pages = {137--146},
pmid = {1942},
title = {{Relationship between migration and latitude among west European birds}},
volume = {65},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Woodward1975,
author = {Woodward, F.I.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Woodward{\_}1975{\_}Climatic control of the altitudinal distribution of Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. and Sedum telephium L. II. The analysis fo plan.pdf:pdf},
journal = {New Phytologist},
pages = {335--348},
title = {{Climatic control of the altitudinal distribution of Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. and Sedum telephium L. II. The analysis fo plant growth in controlled environments}},
volume = {74},
year = {1975}
}
@article{Shepard2013,
abstract = {Abstract The metabolic costs of animal movement have been studied extensively under laboratory conditions, although frequently these are a poor approximation of the costs of operating in the natural, heterogeneous environment. Construction of "energy landscapes," which relate animal locality to the cost of transport, can clarify whether, to what extent, and how movement properties are attributable to environmental heterogeneity. Although behavioral responses to aspects of the energy landscape are well documented in some fields (notably, the selection of tailwinds by aerial migrants) and scales (typically large), the principles of the energy landscape extend across habitat types and spatial scales. We provide a brief synthesis of the mechanisms by which environmentally driven changes in the cost of transport can modulate the behavioral ecology of animal movement in different media, develop example cost functions for movement in heterogeneous environments, present methods for visualizing these energy landscapes, and derive specific predictions of expected outcomes from individual- to population- and species-level processes. Animals modulate a suite of movement parameters (e.g., route, speed, timing of movement, and tortuosity) in relation to the energy landscape, with the nature of their response being related to the energy savings available. Overall, variation in movement costs influences the quality of habitat patches and causes nonrandom movement of individuals between them. This can provide spatial and/or temporal structure to a range of population- and species-level processes, ultimately including gene flow. Advances in animal-attached technology and geographic information systems are opening up new avenues for measuring and mapping energy landscapes that are likely to provide new insight into their influence in animal ecology.},
author = {Shepard, E.L.C and Wilson, R.P. and Rees, W.G. and Grundy, E. and Lambertucci, S.A. and Vosper, S.B.},
doi = {10.1086/671257},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Shepard et al.{\_}2013{\_}Energy landscapes shape animal movement ecology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1537-5323},
journal = {The American naturalist},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {298--312},
pmid = {23933722},
title = {{Energy landscapes shape animal movement ecology.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23933722},
volume = {182},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Leroux2013,
author = {Leroux, S.J. and Larriv{\'{e}}e, M. and Boucher-Ladonde, V. and Hurford, A. and Zuloaga, J. and Keer, J.T. and Lutscher, F.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Leroux et al.{\_}2013{\_}Mechanistic models for the spatial spread of species under climate change.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecological {\ldots}},
keywords = {butterflies,climate change,climate envelope,climate velocity,dispersal,global change,intrinsic growth rate,invasive species,mathematical model,mechanistic model,range shift,reaction},
number = {4},
pages = {815--828},
title = {{Mechanistic models for the spatial spread of species under climate change}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-1407.1},
volume = {23},
year = {2013}
}
@article{McKinnon2010,
abstract = {Quantifying the costs and benefits of migration distance is critical to understanding the evolution of long-distance migration. In migratory birds, life history theory predicts that the potential survival costs of migrating longer distances should be balanced by benefits to lifetime reproductive success, yet quantification of these reproductive benefits in a controlled manner along a large geographical gradient is challenging. We measured a controlled effect of predation risk along a 3350-kilometer south-north gradient in the Arctic and found that nest predation risk declined more than twofold along the latitudinal gradient. These results provide evidence that birds migrating farther north may acquire reproductive benefits in the form of lower nest predation risk.},
author = {McKinnon, L. and Smith, P.A. and Nol, E. and Martin, J.L. and Doyle, F.I. and Abraham, K.F. and Gilchrist, H.G. and Morrison, R.I.G. and B{\^{e}}ty, J.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1183010},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/McKinnon et al.{\_}2010{\_}Lower predation risk for migratory birds at high latitudes.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Animal Migration,Animals,Arctic Regions,Birds,Birds: physiology,Ecosystem,Geography,Nesting Behavior,Predatory Behavior,Reproduction,Risk},
number = {5963},
pages = {326--327},
pmid = {20075251},
title = {{Lower predation risk for migratory birds at high latitudes.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075251{\%}5Cnhttp://apps.webofknowledge.com/full{\_}record.do?product=UA{\&}search{\_}mode=GeneralSearch{\&}qid=10{\&}SID=2BhJ8nOa3pA9OFCghAN{\&}page=2{\&}doc=19{\%}5Cnhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5963/326.short},
volume = {327},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Kearney2004,
author = {Kearney, M. and Porter, W.P.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Kearney, Porter{\_}2004{\_}Mapping the fundamental niche physiology, climate, and the distribution of a nocturnal lizard.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {australia,biophysical modeling,climate,distribution},
number = {11},
pages = {3119--3131},
title = {{Mapping the fundamental niche: physiology, climate, and the distribution of a nocturnal lizard}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/03-0820},
volume = {85},
year = {2004}
}
@book{Greenberg2005,
abstract = {For centuries biologists have tried to understand the underpinnings of avian migration: where birds go and why, why some migrate and some do not, how they adapt to a changing environment, and how migratory systems evolve. Twenty-five years ago the answers to many of these questions were addressed by a collection of migration experts in Keast and Morton's classic work Migrant Birds in the Neotropics. In 1992, Hagan and Johnston published a follow-up book, Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds. In Birds of Two Worlds Russell Greenberg and Peter Marra bring together the world's experts on avian migration to discuss its ecology and evolution. The contributors move the discussion of migration to a global stage, looking at all avian migration systems and delving deeper into the evolutionary foundations of migratory behavior. Readers interested in the biology, behavior, ecology, and evolution of birds have waited a decade to see a worthy successor to the earlier classics. Birds of Two Worlds will complete the trilogy and become indispensable for ornithologists, evolutionary biologists, serious birders, and public and academic libraries.},
address = {Baltimore, Maryland},
author = {Greenberg, R. and Marra, P.P.},
editor = {Greenberg, Russell and Marra, Peter P.},
isbn = {0801881072},
publisher = {The Johns Hopkins University Press},
title = {{Birds of two worlds: the ecology and evolution of migration}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en{\&}lr={\&}id=72Kp8vTzlhIC{\&}pgis=1},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Loarie2009,
author = {Loarie, S.R. and Duffy, P.B. and Hamilton, H. and Asner, G.P.},
doi = {10.1038/nature08649},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Loarie et al.{\_}2009{\_}The velocity of climate change.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7276},
pages = {1052--1055},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The velocity of climate change}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08649 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v462/n7276/abs/nature08649.html},
volume = {462},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Dumroese2015,
author = {Dumroese, R.K. and Williams, M.I. and Stanturf, J.A. and Clair, J. B.S.},
doi = {10.1007/s11056-015-9504-6},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dumroese et al.{\_}2015{\_}Considerations for restoring temperate forests of tomorrow forest restoration, assisted migration, and bioengineeri.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1105601595},
issn = {0169-4286},
journal = {New Forests},
keywords = {Assisted migration,Bioengineering,Climate change,Forest management,Functional restoration},
number = {5-6},
pages = {947--964},
publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
title = {{Considerations for restoring temperate forests of tomorrow: forest restoration, assisted migration, and bioengineering}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11056-015-9504-6},
volume = {46},
year = {2015}
}
@book{Meeus1998,
abstract = {In the field of celestial calculations, Jean Meeus has enjoyed wide acclaim and respect since long before microcomputers and pocket calculators appeared on the market. When he brought out his Astronomical Formulae for Calculators in 1979, it was practically the only book of its genre. It quickly became the "source among sources," even for other writers in the field. Many of them have warmly acknowledged their debt (or should have), citing the unparalleled clarity of his instructions and the rigor of his methods. And now this Belgian astronomer has outdone himself yet again with Astronomical Algorithms! Virtually every previous handbook on celestial calculations (including his own earlier work) was forced to rely on formulae for the Sun, Moon, and planets that were developed in the last century — or at least before 1920. The past 10 years, however, have seen a stunning revolution in how the world's major observatories produce their almanacs. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., have perfected powerful new machine methods for modeling the motions and interactions of bodies within the solar system. At the same time in Paris, the Bureau des Longitudes has been a beehive of activity aimed at describing these motions analytically, in the form of explicit equations. Yet until now the fruits of this exciting work have remained mostly out of reach of ordinary people. The details have existed mainly on reels of magnetic tape in a form comprehensible only to the largest brains, human or electronic. But Astronomical Algorithms changes all that. With his special knack for computations of all sorts, the author has made the essentials of these modern techniques available to us all. The second edition contains new chapters about the Jewish and Moslem Calendars, and on the satellites of Saturn, and a new Appendix giving expressions (polynomials) for the heliocentric coordinates of the giant planets Jupiter to Neptune from 1998 to 2025.},
address = {Richmond, Virginia},
author = {Meeus, J.H.},
edition = {1st Englis},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Meeus{\_}1998{\_}Astronomical algorithms.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0-943396-61-1},
issn = {0-943396-61-1},
pages = {488},
publisher = {Willmann-Bell, Inc.},
title = {{Astronomical algorithms}},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=532892},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Ainley2015,
author = {Ainley, D.G. and Porzig, E. and Zajanc, D. and Spear, L.B.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Ainley et al.{\_}2015{\_}Seabird flight behavior and height in response to altered wind strength and direction.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10183337},
journal = {Marine Ornithology},
keywords = {Flight height,Offshore wind energy development,Seabird flight behavior},
pages = {25--36},
title = {{Seabird flight behavior and height in response to altered wind strength and direction}},
volume = {43},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Berestycki2012,
author = {Berestycki, H. and Nadin, G.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4764932},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Berestycki, Nadin{\_}2012{\_}Spreading speeds for one-dimensional monostable reaction-diffusion equations.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00222488},
journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
number = {115619},
pages = {1--23},
title = {{Spreading speeds for one-dimensional monostable reaction-diffusion equations}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JMAPAQ/v53/i11/p115619/s1{\&}Agg=doi},
volume = {53},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Morris1996,
abstract = {This study examined the autumnal stopover patterns of migratory passerines on Appledore Island, Maine, from 1983 to 1992. We recaptured 13.4{\%} of migratory passerines at least one day after initial capture with species averages ranging from 2.8{\%} in Eastern Wood-Peewee (Contopus virens) to 33.5{\%} in Philadelphia Vireos (Vireo philadelphicus). Most observed stopovers were less than four days. Young birds were more prevalent than adults in all species studied. Among Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus), Black-and-white Warblers (Mniotilta varia), and Northern Waterthrushes (Seiurus noveboracensis) young birds were more likely to be recaptured than adults. Young Northern Waterthrushes had significantly longer stopovers than adults. No difference in recaptures was detected between the sexes in any species studied. Most of the birds captured were lean (fat class 0 or 0.5) at initial capture. In several species, young birds were significantly leaner both in terms of fat class and mass than adults. Most species studied experienced significant increases in fat class and mass during stopovers. We did not find significant differences in mass or fat increases between age groups or between the sexes in any species studied. Cape May Warblers (Dendroica tigrina), Black-and-white Warblers, and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) did not exhibit any differences in recaptures, stopover lengths, or mass increases among years. Northern Waterthrushes exhibited significant differences in recaptures and Red-eyed Vireos exhibited differences in recaptures and mass increases among years during this study.},
author = {Morris, S.R. and Holmes, D.W. and Richmond, M.E.},
doi = {10.2307/1369157},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Morris, Holmes, Richmond{\_}1996{\_}A ten-year study of the stopover patterns of migratory passerines during fall migration on Appledore Islan.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00105422},
issn = {00105422},
journal = {The Condor},
keywords = {fat deposition,migration,neotropical landbird migrants,stopover biology},
pages = {395--409},
title = {{A ten-year study of the stopover patterns of migratory passerines during fall migration on Appledore Island, Maine}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1369157{\%}5Cnpapers2://publication/uuid/32AF6FCA-D8BE-447B-AE1F-E61F61DA261A},
volume = {98},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Dokter2013,
abstract = {At temperate latitudes the synoptic patterns of bird migration are strongly structured by the presence of cyclones and anticyclones, both in the horizontal and altitudinal dimensions. In certain synoptic conditions, birds may efficiently cross regions with opposing surface wind by choosing a higher flight altitude with more favourable wind. We observed migratory passerines at mid-latitudes that selected high altitude wind optima on particular nights, leading to the formation of structured migration layers at varying altitude up to 3 km. Using long-term vertical profiling of bird migration by C-band Doppler radar in the Netherlands, we find that such migration layers occur nearly exclusively during spring migration in the presence of a high-pressure system. A conceptual analytic framework providing insight into the synoptic patterns of wind assistance for migrants that includes the altitudinal dimension has so far been lacking. We present a simple model for a baroclinic atmosphere that relates vertical profiles of wind assistance to the pressure and temperature patterns occurring at temperate latitudes. We show how the magnitude and direction of the large scale horizontal temperature gradient affects the relative gain in wind assistance that migrants obtain through ascending. Temperature gradients typical for northerly high-pressure systems in spring are shown to cause high altitude wind optima in the easterly sectors of anticyclones, thereby explaining the frequent observations of high altitude migration in these synoptic conditions. Given the recurring synoptic arrangements of pressure systems across temperate continents, the opportunities for exploiting high altitude wind will differ between flyways, for example between easterly and westerly oceanic coasts.},
author = {Dokter, A.M. and Shamoun-Baranes, J. and Kemp, M.U. and Tijm, S. and Holleman, I.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0052300},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dokter et al.{\_}2013{\_}High altitude bird migration at temperate latitudes a synoptic perspective on wind assistance.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS One},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {e52300 1--7},
pmid = {23300969},
title = {{High altitude bird migration at temperate latitudes: a synoptic perspective on wind assistance.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3536796{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Walther2002,
author = {Walther, G.R. and Post, E. and Convey, P. and Menzel, A.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Walther et al.{\_}2002{\_}Ecological responses to recent climate change.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6879},
pages = {389--395},
title = {{Ecological responses to recent climate change}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v416/n6879/abs/416389a.html},
volume = {416},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Parmesan2005,
author = {Parmesan, C. and Gaines, S. and Gonzalez, L. and Kaufman, D.M. and Kingsolver, J. and Peterson, T.A. and Sagarin, R.},
doi = {10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13150.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Parmesan et al.{\_}2005{\_}Empirical perspectives on species borders from traditional biogeography to global change.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00301299},
journal = {Oikos},
month = {jan},
pages = {58--75},
title = {{Empirical perspectives on species borders: from traditional biogeography to global change}},
url = {http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13150.x},
volume = {108},
year = {2005}
}
@article{NASA2014,
author = {NASA},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/NASA{\_}2014{\_}Science on a sphere user manual.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--38},
title = {{Science on a sphere user manual}},
year = {2014}
}
@incollection{Desharnais2005,
author = {Desharnais, R.A.},
booktitle = {Academic Press},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4615-5973-3_9},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Desharnais{\_}2005{\_}Population dynamics of Tribolium.pdf:pdf},
pages = {303--328},
title = {{Population dynamics of Tribolium}},
year = {2005}
}
@techreport{Viet2010,
author = {Viet, M.},
booktitle = {OBIS-SEAMAP},
title = {{Migration and foraging ecology of Greater Shearwater}},
url = {http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/550},
year = {2010}
}
@misc{Gunia2016,
author = {Gunia, Dominique Andre},
title = {{Earth3d}},
url = {http://www.earth3d.org/},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Bostrom2012,
author = {Bostr{\"{o}}m, J.E. and {\AA}kesson, S. and Alerstam, T.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07507.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bostr{\"{o}}m, {\AA}kesson, Alerstam{\_}2012{\_}Where on earth can animals use a geomagnetic bi-coordinate map for navigation.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09067590},
journal = {Ecography},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pages = {1039--1047},
title = {{Where on earth can animals use a geomagnetic bi-coordinate map for navigation?}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07507.x},
volume = {35},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Neilson1983,
author = {Neilson, R.P. and Wullstein, L.H.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Neilson, Wullstein{\_}1983{\_}Biogeography of two southwest American Oaks in relation to atmospheric dynamics.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
number = {4},
pages = {275--297},
title = {{Biogeography of two southwest American Oaks in relation to atmospheric dynamics}},
volume = {10},
year = {1983}
}
@article{Berestycki2013,
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1206.6575v1},
author = {Berestycki, H. and Chapuisat, G.},
eprint = {arXiv:1206.6575v1},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Berestycki, Chapuisat{\_}2013{\_}Traveling fronts guided by the environment for reaction-diffusion equations.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Networks and Heterogeneous Media},
number = {1},
pages = {79--114},
title = {{Traveling fronts guided by the environment for reaction-diffusion equations}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6575},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Aitken2013,
abstract = {Assisted gene flow (AGF) between populations ahs the potential to mitigate maladaptation due to climate change. However, AGF may cause oubreeding depression (especially if source and recipient populations have been long isolated) and may disrupt local adaptation to nonclimatic factors. Selection should eliminate extrinsic outbreeding depression due to adaptive differences in large populations, and simulations suggest that, within a few generations, evolution should resolve mild intrinsic outbreeding depression due to epistasis. To weigh the risks of AFG against those of maladaptation due to climate change, we need to know the species' extent of local adaptation to climate and other environmental factors, as well as its pattern of gene flow. AGF should be a powerful tool for managing foundation and resource-producing species with large populations and broad ranges that show signs of historical adaptation to local climatic conditions.},
author = {Aitken, S.N. and Whitlock, M.C.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135747},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Aitken, Whitlock{\_}2013{\_}Assisted gene flow to facilitate local adaptation to climate change.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135747},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics},
keywords = {assisted migration,depression,ecological restoration,evolutionary rescue,facilitated adaptation,genetic rescue,outbreeding,phenotypic plasticity,reforestation,seed transfer},
pages = {367--388},
title = {{Assisted gene flow to facilitate local adaptation to climate change}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135747},
volume = {44},
year = {2013}
}
@misc{Marbledevelopmentteam2016,
author = {Marble development team},
title = {{Marble geographical information system}},
url = {marble.kde.org},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pearson2006,
abstract = {In a recent paper, McLachlan et al. presented evidence that migration rates of two tree species at the end of the last glacial (c. 10-20 thousand years ago) were much slower than was previously thought. These results provide an important insight for climate-change impacts studies and suggest that the ability of species to track future climate change is limited. However, the detection of late-glacial refugia close to modern range limits also implies that some of our most catastrophic projections might be overstated.},
author = {Pearson, R.G.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.022},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pearson{\_}2006{\_}Climate change and the migration capacity of species.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0169-5347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
keywords = {Climate,Pollen,Species Specificity,Trees,Trees: physiology},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {111--113},
pmid = {16701483},
title = {{Climate change and the migration capacity of species.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16701483},
volume = {21},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Asselin2003,
abstract = {Aim Present northern distribution limit of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) follows the northern limit of continuous open boreal forest in western Canada, but not in eastern Canada where it is located further south. We tested the hypothesis that fire plays a more important role than climate in explaining the present position of the northern distribution limit of jack pine. Location An experimental jack pine plantation was set up in 1992, c. 300 km north of the present distribution limit of the species, in the Boniface river area of northern Quebec (57degrees43' N, 76degrees05' W). Methods Climate and fire data were used to compare sites at and north of the present distribution limit of jack pine. In 2001, surviving individuals from the plantation were measured (total height, annual shoot elongation, basal diameter, and presence/absence of cones). Results Climate data from the ten weather stations used in this study did not show major differences. The northern limit of jack pine distribution is closely associated with the occurrence of fires larger than 200 ha. Survival of the planted jack pines was 31{\%}. About 25{\%} of the surviving pines qualified as normal, single-stem individuals; the others were slightly uprooted and/or showed marks of erosion or foraging. Cones were produced, although no viable seeds were found. Main conclusions The low number of degree-days above 5 degreesC at the plantation site could explain why the seeds were not viable. However, such climate conditions are not sufficient to prevent growth, as was shown by annual shoot elongation measurements. Most of the surviving jack pines from the Boniface river plantation are relatively healthy and follow a normal developmental programme. Low fire frequency and small fire size are amongst the main factors that prevented P. banksiana from migrating further north or east following deglaciation in northern Quebec and Labrador.},
author = {Asselin, H. and Payette, S. and Fortin, M.J. and Vallee, S.},
doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00935.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Asselin et al.{\_}2003{\_}The northern limit of Pinus banksiana Lamb. in Canada Explaining the difference between the eastern and western dist.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0305-0270},
issn = {03050270},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
keywords = {Climate,Eastern Canada,Fire,Jack pine,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,Plantation trial,Postglacial migration,Present northern distribution limit,Western Canada},
number = {11},
pages = {1709--1718},
pmid = {2652},
title = {{The northern limit of Pinus banksiana Lamb. in Canada: Explaining the difference between the eastern and western distributions}},
volume = {30},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Angel2006,
abstract = {If it were to become apparent that dangerous changes in global climate were inevitable, despite greenhouse gas controls, active methods to cool the Earth on an emergency basis might be desirable. The concept considered here is to block 1.8{\%} of the solar flux with a space sunshade orbited near the inner Lagrange point (L1), in-line between the Earth and sun. Following the work of J. Early [Early, JT (1989) J Br Interplanet Soc 42:567-569], transparent material would be used to deflect the sunlight, rather than to absorb it, to minimize the shift in balance out from L1 caused by radiation pressure. Three advances aimed at practical implementation are presented. First is an optical design for a very thin refractive screen with low reflectivity, leading to a total sunshade mass of approximately 20 million tons. Second is a concept aimed at reducing transportation cost to 50 dollars/kg by using electromagnetic acceleration to escape Earth's gravity, followed by ion propulsion. Third is an implementation of the sunshade as a cloud of many spacecraft, autonomously stabilized by modulating solar radiation pressure. These meter-sized "flyers" would be assembled completely before launch, avoiding any need for construction or unfolding in space. They would weigh a gram each, be launched in stacks of 800,000, and remain for a projected lifetime of 50 years within a 100,000-km-long cloud. The concept builds on existing technologies. It seems feasible that it could be developed and deployed in approximately 25 years at a cost of a few trillion dollars, {\textless}0.5{\%} of world gross domestic product (GDP) over that time.},
author = {Angel, R.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0608163103},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Angel{\_}2006{\_}Feasibility of cooling the Earth with a cloud of small spacecraft near the inner Lagrange point (L1).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
month = {nov},
number = {46},
pages = {17184--17189},
pmid = {17085589},
title = {{Feasibility of cooling the Earth with a cloud of small spacecraft near the inner Lagrange point (L1).}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1859907{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {103},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Berestycki2009c,
abstract = {Consider a patch of favorable habitat surrounded by unfavorable habitat and assume that due to a shifting climate, the patch moves with a fixed speed in a one-dimensional universe. Let the patch be inhabited by a population of individuals that reproduce, disperse, and die. Will the population persist? How does the answer depend on the length of the patch, the speed of movement of the patch, the net population growth rate under constant conditions, and the mobility of the individuals? We will answer these questions in the context of a simple dynamic profile model that incorporates climate shift, population dynamics, and migration. The model takes the form of a growth-diffusion equation. We first consider a special case and derive an explicit condition by glueing phase portraits. Then we establish a strict qualitative dichotomy for a large class of models by way of rigorous PDE methods, in particular the maximum principle. The results show that mobility can both reduce and enhance the ability to track climate change that a narrow range can severely reduce this ability and that population range and total population size can both increase and decrease under a moving climate. It is also shown that range shift may be easier to detect at the expanding front, simply because it is considerably steeper than the retreating back.},
author = {Berestycki, H. and Diekmann, O. and Nagelkerke, C.J. and Zegeling, P.A.},
doi = {10.1007/s11538-008-9367-5},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Berestycki et al.{\_}2009{\_}Can a species keep pace with a shifting climate(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1522-9602},
journal = {Bulletin of Mathematical Biology},
keywords = {Acclimatization,Animal Migration,Animals,Biological,Climate,Ecosystem,Extinction,Humans,Models,Population Density,Population Dynamics,Statistical},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {399--429},
pmid = {19067084},
title = {{Can a species keep pace with a shifting climate?}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2816179{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {71},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Hoag1963,
author = {Hoag, D.},
journal = {MIT Instrumentation Laboratory},
pages = {1--64},
title = {{Apollo guidance and navigation - considerations of Apollo IMU gimbal lock}},
volume = {E-1344},
year = {1963}
}
@misc{GvSIGassociation2016,
author = {GvSIG association},
title = {{gvSIG}},
year = {2016}
}
@book{Gates1980a,
abstract = {This classic text discusses radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporation, surveying methods for the study of photosynthesis in plants and energy budgets in animals an excellent resource for a variety of fields, particularly ecology, agronomy, forestry, botany, and zoology.},
author = {Gates, D.M.},
booktitle = {The Journal of Ecology},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4612-6024-0},
edition = {Paperback},
editor = {Reichle, David E.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gates{\_}1980{\_}Biophysical ecology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4612-6026-4},
issn = {00220477},
number = {1},
pages = {379},
pmid = {999999},
publisher = {Dover Books on Biology},
title = {{Biophysical ecology}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en{\&}lr={\&}id=5NooAwAAQBAJ{\&}oi=fnd{\&}pg=PP1{\&}dq=Biophysical+Ecology{\&}ots=RhmavmE5-V{\&}sig=ESFiec4CQPw8REdK85PVD71G9fY http://www.jstor.org/stable/2259893?origin=crossref{\%}5Cnhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-6024-0},
volume = {70},
year = {1980}
}
@book{Landes2000,
author = {Landes, D.},
title = {{Revolution in time: clocks and the making of the modern world}},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Troein2009,
abstract = {The 24-hour rhythms of the circadian clock [1] allow an organism to anticipate daily environmental cycles, giving it a competitive advantage [2, 3]. Although clock components show little protein sequence homology across phyla, multiple feedback loops and light inputs are universal features of clock networks [4, 5]. Why have circadian systems evolved such a complex structure? All biological clocks entrain a set of regulatory genes to the environmental cycle, in order to correctly time the expression of many downstream processes. Thus the question becomes: What aspects of the environment, and of the desired downstream regulation, are demanding the observed complexity? To answer this, we have evolved gene regulatory networks in silico, selecting for networks that correctly predict particular phases of the day under light/dark cycles. Gradually increasing the realism of the environmental cycles, we have tested the networks for the minimal characteristics of clocks observed in nature: oscillation under constant conditions, entrainment to light signals, and the presence of multiple feedback loops and light inputs. Realistic circadian gene networks are found to require a nontrivial combination of conditions, with seasonal differences in photoperiod as a necessary but not sufficient component.},
author = {Troein, C and Locke, J.C.W. and Turner, M.S. and Millar, A.J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.024},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Troein et al.{\_}2009{\_}Weather and seasons together demand complex biological clocks.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1879-0445},
journal = {Current Biology},
keywords = {Biological Clocks,Genes,Models,Regulator,Seasons,Theoretical,Weather},
pages = {1961--1964},
pmid = {19818616},
title = {{Weather and seasons together demand complex biological clocks}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19818616 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982209017047},
volume = {19},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Wiens2010,
abstract = {The diversity of life is ultimately generated by evolution, and much attention has focused on the rapid evolution of ecological traits. Yet, the tendency for many ecological traits to instead remain similar over time [niche conservatism (NC)] has many consequences for the fundamental patterns and processes studied in ecology and conservation biology. Here, we describe the mounting evidence for the importance of NC to major topics in ecology (e.g. species richness, ecosystem function) and conservation (e.g. climate change, invasive species). We also review other areas where it may be important but has generally been overlooked, in both ecology (e.g. food webs, disease ecology, mutualistic interactions) and conservation (e.g. habitat modification). We summarize methods for testing for NC, and suggest that a commonly used and advocated method (involving a test for phylogenetic signal) is potentially problematic, and describe alternative approaches. We suggest that considering NC: (1) focuses attention on the within-species processes that cause traits to be conserved over time, (2) emphasizes connections between questions and research areas that are not obviously related (e.g. invasives, global warming, tropical richness), and (3) suggests new areas for research (e.g. why are some clades largely nocturnal? why do related species share diseases?).},
author = {Wiens, J.J. and Ackerly, D.D. and Allen, A.P. and Anacker, B.L. and Buckley, L.B. and Cornell, H.V. and Damschen, E.I. and Davies, J.T. and Grytnes, J.A. and Harrison, S.P. and Hawkins, B.A. and Holt, R.D. and McCain, C.M. and Stephens, P.R.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01515.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wiens et al.{\_}2010{\_}Niche conservatism as an emerging principle in ecology and conservation biology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461-0248},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Biodiversity,Biological,Biological Evolution,Climate Change,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecology,Ecology: trends,Ecosystem,Food Chain,Host-Parasite Interactions,Introduced Species,Models,Phylogeny},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {1310--1324},
pmid = {20649638},
title = {{Niche conservatism as an emerging principle in ecology and conservation biology.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20649638},
volume = {13},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Lund2015,
author = {Lund, U. and Agostinelli, C. and Agostinelli, M.C.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lund, Agostinelli, Agostinelli{\_}2015{\_}Package ‘circular'.pdf:pdf},
journal = {R Package Documentation},
title = {{Package ‘circular'}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{VanderVeken2012,
abstract = {Recent anthropogenic climate change is already affecting the range dynamics of many organisms worldwide. Understanding the relative importance of environmental factors and historical processes in determining species' geographic ranges is crucial for predicting the impacts of climate change. Here, we experimentally assessed the survival and performance of four understorey forest plants (Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, Scilla bifolia, Iris foetidissima and Symphytum tuberosum) transplanted beyond their natural range limit over a 7-year period. Since the survival probability of plants transplanted beyond their natural geographic range is expected to decrease with the home-away distance, the species represent a gradient in the distance between the transplant site and their natural geographic range limit (from 50 to 500. km). Three of the four species still survived seven years after introduction. Appreciable survival outside their natural geographic range partly suggests that the ranges of these plant species may be controlled by dispersal limitation. Importantly, an interspecific trend towards decreasing survival with increasing distance from the range limit was apparent. Initial competition from other understorey plants generally limited the survival and performance of the transplanted species. In conclusion, the good survival and performance of the most 'nearby' species emphasizes the importance of dispersal limitation in determining range limits, while the poor survival of the 'farther' species suggests that their occurrence is (co-)controlled by environmental factors such as the local climate. Finally, we briefly discuss our results within the context of human-mediated assisted migration in the face of climate change. {\textcopyright} 2011 Gesellschaft f{\"{u}}r {\"{o}}kologie.},
author = {{Van der Veken}, S. and {De Frenne}, P. and Baeten, L. and {Van Beek}, E. and Verheyen, K. and Hermy, M.},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2011.10.007},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Van der Veken et al.{\_}2012{\_}Experimental assessment of the survival and performance of forest herbs transplanted beyond their range limit.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1439-1791},
issn = {14391791},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Assisted migration,Climate change,Forest understorey plants,Geographic range,Local adaptation,Range edges,Transplant experiment},
pages = {10--19},
publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},
title = {{Experimental assessment of the survival and performance of forest herbs transplanted beyond their range limit}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2011.10.007},
volume = {13},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Schwab2006,
author = {Schwab, A.L. and Meijaard, J.P.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Schwab, Meijaard{\_}2006{\_}How to draw Euler angles and utilize Euler parameters.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2006 ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences {\&} Computers and Information in Engineering Conference},
pages = {1--7},
title = {{How to draw Euler angles and utilize Euler parameters}},
url = {http://bicycle.tudelft.nl/schwab/Publications/SchwabMeijaard2006.pdf},
volume = {DETC2006-9},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Brock1981,
abstract = {Several approaches are presented which permit calculation by computer or hand calculator of solar radiation for any place on Earth. Some of the approaches require input of certain measured data for the location of interest, but others permit an approximation even without actual data. Calculation of solar radiation is especially useful in aquatic ecology studies on primary production, and may also be useful in ecological modeling work when solar radiation is being used as an independent variable.},
author = {Brock, T.D.},
doi = {10.1016/0304-3800(81)90011-9},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Brock{\_}1981{\_}Calculating solar radiation for ecological studies.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0304-3800},
issn = {03043800},
journal = {Ecological Modelling},
pages = {1--19},
pmid = {1507},
title = {{Calculating solar radiation for ecological studies}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304380081900119},
volume = {14},
year = {1981}
}
@article{Leech2011,
abstract = {Forestry practitioners are increasingly interested in how to adapt practices to accommodate predicted changes in climate. One forest management option involves helping tree species and seed sources (popu- lations) track the movement of their climates through “assisted migration”: the purposeful movement of species to facilitate or mimic natural population or range expansion. In this paper, we discuss assisted migration as a climate change adaptation strategy within forest management. Substantial evidence sug- gests that most tree species will not be able to adapt through natural selection or migrate naturally at rates sufficient to keep pace with climate change, leaving forests susceptible to forest health risks and reduced productivity. We argue that assisted migration is a prudent, proactive, inexpensive strategy that exploits finely tuned plant-climate adaptations wrought through millennia of natural selection to help maintain forest resilience, health and productivity in a changing climate. Seed migration distances being considered in operational forestry in British Columbia are much shorter than migration distances being contemplated in many conservation biology efforts and are informed by decades of field provenance testing. Further, only migrations between similar biogeoclimatic units are under discussion. Tese factors reduce consider- ably the risk of ecological disturbance associated with assisted migration. To facilitate the discussion of as- sisted migration, we present three forms of assisted migration, and discuss how assisted migration is being considered internationally, nationally, and provincially. Finally, we summarize policy and research needs and provide links to other resources for further reading.},
author = {Leech, S.M. and Almuedo, P.L. and Neill, G.O.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Leech, Almuedo, Neill{\_}2011{\_}Assisted migration Adapting forest management to a changing climate.pdf:pdf},
journal = {BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management},
keywords = {adaptation,assisted migration,climate change,conservation,ecosystem resilience,forest,productivity,risk assessment},
number = {3},
pages = {18--34},
title = {{Assisted migration : Adapting forest management to a changing climate}},
volume = {12},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Weimerskirch2012,
abstract = {Westerly winds in the Southern Ocean have increased in intensity and moved poleward. Using long-term demographic and foraging records, we show that foraging range in wandering albatrosses has shifted poleward in conjunction with these changes in wind pattern, while their rates of travel and flight speeds have increased. Consequently, the duration of foraging trips has decreased, breeding success has improved, and birds have increased in mass by more than 1 kilogram. These positive consequences of climate change may be temporary if patterns of wind in the southern westerlies follow predicted climate change scenarios. This study stresses the importance of foraging performance as the key link between environmental changes and population processes.},
author = {Weimerskirch, H. and Louzao, M. and {De Grissac}, S. and Delord, K.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1210270},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Weimerskirch et al.{\_}2012{\_}Changes in wind pattern alter albatross distribution and life-history traits.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2009635108},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Animal,Animals,Birds,Birds: anatomy {\&} histology,Birds: physiology,Body Size,Body Weight,Climate Change,Environment,Feeding Behavior,Female,Flight,Geography,Male,Oceans and Seas,Population Dynamics,Reproduction,Time Factors,Wind},
number = {6065},
pages = {211--214},
pmid = {22246774},
title = {{Changes in wind pattern alter albatross distribution and life-history traits.}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6065/211.short http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246774},
volume = {335},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Nathan2008,
abstract = {Movement of individual organisms is fundamental to life, quilting our planet in a rich tapestry of phenomena with diverse implications for ecosystems and humans. Movement research is both plentiful and insightful, and recent methodological advances facilitate obtaining a detailed view of individual movement. Yet, we lack a general unifying paradigm, derived from first principles, which can place movement studies within a common context and advance the development of a mature scientific discipline. This introductory article to the Movement Ecology Special Feature proposes a paradigm that integrates conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical frameworks for studying movement of all organisms, from microbes to trees to elephants. We introduce a conceptual framework depicting the interplay among four basic mechanistic components of organismal movement: the internal state (why move?), motion (how to move?), and navigation (when and where to move?) capacities of the individual and the external factors affecting movement. We demonstrate how the proposed framework aids the study of various taxa and movement types; promotes the formulation of hypotheses about movement; and complements existing biomechanical, cognitive, random, and optimality paradigms of movement. The proposed framework integrates eclectic research on movement into a structured paradigm and aims at providing a basis for hypothesis generation and a vehicle facilitating the understanding of the causes, mechanisms, and spatiotemporal patterns of movement and their role in various ecological and evolutionary processes. "Now we must consider in general the common reason for moving with any movement whatever." (Aristotle, De Motu Animalium, 4th century B.C.).},
author = {Nathan, R. and Getz, W.M. and Revilla, E. and Holyoak, M. and Kadmon, R. and Saltz, D. and Smouse, P.E.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0800375105},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Nathan et al.{\_}2008{\_}A movement ecology paradigm for unifying organismal movement research.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Animal Migration,Animals,Biological,Ecology,Ecology: methods,Humans,Models,Movement,Population Dynamics},
month = {dec},
number = {49},
pages = {19052--19059},
pmid = {19060196},
title = {{A movement ecology paradigm for unifying organismal movement research.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2614714{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Halpin2009,
author = {Halpin, P.N. and Read, A.J. and Fujioka, E. and Best, D.D.},
doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2009.42.COPYRIGHT},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Halpin et al.{\_}2009{\_}OBIS-SEAMAP the world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Oceanography},
number = {2},
pages = {104--115},
title = {{OBIS-SEAMAP: the world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions}},
url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en{\&}btnG=Search{\&}q=intitle:OBIS-SEAMAP:+the+world+data+center+for+marine+mammal,+sea+bird,+and+sea+turtle+distributions{\#}2},
volume = {22},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Griffith2006,
abstract = {Ecologists often consider how environmental factors limit a species' geographic range. However, recent models suggest that geographic distribution also may be determined by a species' ability to adapt to novel environmental conditions. In this study, we empirically tested whether further evolution would be necessary for northern expansion of the weedy annual cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in its native North American range. We transplanted seedlings beyond the northern border and photoperiodically manipulated reproductive timing, a trait important for adaptation to shorter growing seasons at higher latitudes within the range, to determine whether further evolution of this trait would result in a phenotype viable beyond the range. Earlier reproductive induction enabled plants to produce mature seeds beyond the range and to achieve a reproductive output similar to those grown within the range. Therefore, evolution of earlier reproduction in marginal populations would be necessary for northward range expansion. This study is the first to empirically show that evolution in an ecologically important trait would enable a species to survive and reproduce beyond its current range. These results suggest that relatively few traits may limit a species' range and that identifying evolutionary constraints on such traits could be important for predicting geographic distribution.},
author = {Griffith, T.M. and Watson, M.A.},
doi = {10.1086/498945},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Griffith, Watson{\_}2006{\_}Is evolution necessary for range expansion Manipulating reproductive timing of a weedy annual transplanted beyond.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0003-0147},
issn = {0003-0147},
journal = {The American naturalist},
keywords = {college,corresponding author,day length,department of biology,e-mail,edu,evo-,georgetown,georgetowncollege,kentucky 40324,life history,lutionary constraint,present address,range limits,species borders,tgriffi0},
number = {2},
pages = {153--164},
pmid = {16670977},
title = {{Is evolution necessary for range expansion? Manipulating reproductive timing of a weedy annual transplanted beyond its range.}},
volume = {167},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Spedding2001,
abstract = {The comparison of theoretical and experimental estimates of the mechanical power requirement for flight is currently impossible owing to the absence of complete experimental data based on mechanical power, as opposed to measurements of metabolic rates. Nevertheless, comparisons of measured and predicted characteristic speeds, and inferred power curves are frequently made, despite the total absence of uncertainty estimates of the theoretically predicted quantities. Here the method for correct calculation of uncertainty estimates in mechanical power models is outlined in detail, and analytical and numerical results are derived for realistic examples. The sensitivity of the calculated variations in power requirement varies greatly among the independent variables, and the practical and theoretical consequences of this variation are discussed. Pending the arrival of appropriate experimental measurements, it is now possible, in principle, to make quantitative comparisons with theoretical predictions.},
author = {Spedding, G.R. and Pennycuick, C.J.},
doi = {10.1006/jtbi.2000.2208},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Spedding, Pennycuick{\_}2001{\_}Uncertainty calculations for theoretical flight power curves.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-5193 (Print)$\backslash$r0022-5193 (Linking)},
issn = {0022-5193},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
keywords = {Animal,Animals,Biological,Biomechanical Phenomena,Birds,Birds: physiology,Flight,Models,Oxygen Consumption,Oxygen Consumption: physiology},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {127--139},
pmid = {11162058},
title = {{Uncertainty calculations for theoretical flight power curves.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11162058 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519300922082},
volume = {208},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Arribas2006,
author = {Arribas, M. and Elipe, A. and Palacios, M.},
doi = {10.1007/s10569-006-9037-6},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Arribas, Elipe, Palacios{\_}2006{\_}Quaternions and the rotation of a rigid body.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1056900690376},
issn = {0923-2958},
journal = {Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy},
keywords = {attitude dynamics,quaternions,rigid body motion,rotations},
month = {oct},
pages = {239--251},
title = {{Quaternions and the rotation of a rigid body}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10569-006-9037-6},
volume = {96},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Bozinovic2011,
author = {Bozinovic, F. and Calosi, P. and Spicer, J.I.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145055},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bozinovic, Calosi, Spicer{\_}2011{\_}Physiological correlates of geographic range in animals.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics},
keywords = {climatic variability,ectotherms,endotherms,flexibility,global climate change,limits of distribution,physiological,physiological acclimatization,physiological capacity,physiological tolerance,plasticity},
month = {dec},
pages = {155--179},
title = {{Physiological correlates of geographic range in animals}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145055},
volume = {42},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Mateos-Rodriguez2012,
author = {Mateos-Rodr{\'{i}}guez, M. and Bruderer, B.},
doi = {10.1007/s10336-012-0814-6},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Mateos-Rodr{\'{i}}guez, Bruderer{\_}2012{\_}Flight speeds of migrating seabirds in the Strait of Gibraltar and their relation to wind.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2193-7192},
journal = {Journal of Ornithology},
keywords = {air speed {\'{a}} flight,morphological characteristics {\'{a}} optimization,strategies {\'{a}},style {\'{a}} ground speed,{\'{a}}},
month = {feb},
pages = {881--889},
title = {{Flight speeds of migrating seabirds in the Strait of Gibraltar and their relation to wind}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10336-012-0814-6},
volume = {153},
year = {2012}
}
@misc{Wiltschko1988,
abstract = {When experimental orientation research began more than 35 years ago, the sun, the stars and later the magnetic field were shown to be involved in the orientation of migrating birds, together with wind, weather and certain landscape features. The interaction of these cues, however, was little understood and became a subject of intensive research. Just recently we have begun to understand how these different mechanisms might work together to enable birds to cope with the navigational tasks of migration over distances of up to 5000 km and more. ?? 1988.},
author = {Wiltschko, W. and Wiltschko, R.},
booktitle = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(88)90076-6},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wiltschko, Wiltschko{\_}1988{\_}Magnetic versus celestial orientation in migrating birds.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0169-5347 (Print) 0169-5347 (Linking)},
issn = {01695347},
number = {1},
pages = {13--15},
pmid = {21227052},
title = {{Magnetic versus celestial orientation in migrating birds}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534788900766},
volume = {3},
year = {1988}
}
@article{Lopez2015,
author = {Lopez, Jaclyn},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lopez{\_}2015{\_}Biodiversity on the brink the role of assisted migration in managing endangered species threatened by rising.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Harvard Environmental Law Review},
pages = {157--190},
title = {{Biodiversity on the brink: the role of "assisted migration" in managing endangered species threatened by rising}},
volume = {39},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Williamson2001,
author = {Williamson, C.E. and Neale, P.J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Williamson, Neale{\_}2001{\_}Beneficial and detrimental effects of UV on aquatic organisms implications of spectral variation.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecological Applications},
keywords = {biological weighting function,daphnia pulicaria,dissolved organic carbon,envi-,lake optics,organisms,ozone depletion,radiation,relative damage to aquatic,ronmental gradients,spectral composition of solar,tolerance of uv,ultraviolet,uv-a and uv-b,zooplankton},
number = {6},
pages = {1843--1857},
title = {{Beneficial and detrimental effects of UV on aquatic organisms: implications of spectral variation}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011{\%}255B1843:BADEOU{\%}255D2.0.CO{\%}253B2},
volume = {11},
year = {2001}
}
@inproceedings{Bowlin2010,
abstract = {Billions of animals migrate each year. To successfully reach their destination, migrants must have evolved an appropriate genetic program and suitable developmental, morphological, physiological, biomechanical, behavioral, and life-history traits. Moreover, they must interact successfully with biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. Migration therefore provides an excellent model system in which to address several of the "grand challenges" in organismal biology. Previous research on migration, however, has often focused on a single aspect of the phenomenon, largely due to methodological, geographical, or financial constraints. Integrative migration biology asks 'big questions' such as how, when, where, and why animals migrate, which can be answered by examining the process from multiple ecological and evolutionary perspectives, incorporating multifaceted knowledge from various other scientific disciplines, and using new technologies and modeling approaches, all within the context of an annual cycle. Adopting an integrative research strategy will provide a better understanding of the interactions between biological levels of organization, of what role migrants play in disease transmission, and of how to conserve migrants and the habitats upon which they depend.},
author = {Bowlin, M.S. and Bisson, I.A. and Shamoun-Baranes, J. and Reichard, J.D. and Sapir, N. and Marra, P.P. and Kunz, T.H. and Wilcove, D.S. and Hedenstr{\"{o}}m, A. and Guglielmo, C.G. and {\AA}kesson, S. and Ramenofsky, M. and Wikelski, M.},
booktitle = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icq013},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bowlin et al.{\_}2010{\_}Grand challenges in migration biology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1540-7063},
issn = {15407063},
number = {3},
pages = {261--279},
pmid = {21558203},
title = {{Grand challenges in migration biology}},
volume = {50},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Egevang2010,
abstract = {The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size ({\textless}125 g), banding recoveries and at-sea surveys suggest that its annual migration from boreal and high Arctic breeding grounds to the Southern Ocean may be the longest seasonal movement of any animal. Our tracking of 11 Arctic terns fitted with miniature (1.4-g) geolocators revealed that these birds do indeed travel huge distances (more than 80,000 km annually for some individuals). As well as confirming the location of the main wintering region, we also identified a previously unknown oceanic stopover area in the North Atlantic used by birds from at least two breeding populations (from Greenland and Iceland). Although birds from the same colony took one of two alternative southbound migration routes following the African or South American coast, all returned on a broadly similar, sigmoidal trajectory, crossing from east to west in the Atlantic in the region of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone. Arctic terns clearly target regions of high marine productivity both as stopover and wintering areas, and exploit prevailing global wind systems to reduce flight costs on long-distance commutes.},
author = {Egevang, C. and Stenhouse, I.J. and Phillips, R.A. and Petersen, A. and Fox, J.W. and Silk, J.R.D.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0909493107},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Egevang et al.{\_}2010{\_}Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Africa,Animal Migration,Animal Migration: physiology,Animals,Arctic Regions,Atlantic Ocean,Brazil,Charadriiformes,Charadriiformes: physiology,Ecosystem,Female,Greenland,Iceland,Male,Seasons,Western,Wind},
month = {feb},
number = {5},
pages = {2078--2081},
pmid = {20080662},
title = {{Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2836663{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Thomas2004,
author = {Thomas, C.D. and Cameron, A. and Green, R.E.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Thomas, Cameron, Green{\_}2004{\_}Extinction risk from climate change.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6970},
pages = {145--148},
title = {{Extinction risk from climate change}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v427/n6970/abs/nature02121.html},
volume = {427},
year = {2004}
}
@misc{OSSIMdevelopmentteam2016,
author = {OSSIM development team},
publisher = {MIT},
title = {{OSSIM Planet: advanced image processing and geospatial data fusion}},
url = {https://trac.osgeo.org/ossim/wiki},
year = {2016}
}
@article{McLane2012,
abstract = {The translocation of species into habitable locations outside of their current ranges, termed assisted migration, has been proposed as a means of saving vulnerable species from extinction as a result of climate change. We explore the use of this controversial technique using a threatened keystone species in western North America, whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), as a case study. Species distribution models predict that whitebark pine will be extirpated from most of its current range as temperatures rise over the next 70 years. However, the same models indicate that a large area within northwestern British Columbia, Canada, is climatically suitable for the species under current conditions and will remain so throughout the 21st century. To test the capacity of whitebark pine to establish relative to climatic and habitat features within its predicted climatic range, we planted seeds from seven populations in eight locations spanning from 600 km southeast to 800 km northwest of the northern boundary of the current species range. During the first three growing seasons, germination occurred in all locations. Nearly three times as many treated (induced maturation and broken dormancy) than untreated seeds germinated, and most treated seeds germinated a year earlier than the untreated seeds. Germination, survival, and growth were primarily influenced by seed mass, site climate conditions related to the duration of snow cover, and provenance temperature. Our experiment provides a preliminary test of models predicting the existence of climatically suitable whitebark pine habitat north of the current species ranges. More broadly, our techniques and results inform the development of scientific guidelines for assisting the migration of other species that are highly threatened by climate change. Applied case studies of this kind are critical for assessing the utility of species distribution models as conservation planning tools.},
author = {McLane, S.C. and Aitken, S.N.},
doi = {10.1890/11-0329.1},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/McLane, Aitken{\_}2012{\_}Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) assisted migration potential Testing establishment north of the species range.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1051-0761},
issn = {10510761},
journal = {Ecological Applications},
keywords = {Climate change,Common garden,Managed relocation,Quantitative genetics,Species distribution model,Species range limits},
number = {1},
pages = {142--153},
pmid = {22471080},
title = {{Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) assisted migration potential: Testing establishment north of the species range}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/11-0329.1},
volume = {22},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{Berestycki2008a,
author = {Berestycki, H. and Rossi, L.},
booktitle = {Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems},
doi = {10.3934/dcds.2008.21.41},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Berestycki, Rossi{\_}2008{\_}Reaction-diffusion equations for population dynamics with forced speed I - The case of the whole space.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10780947},
keywords = {Extinction,Forced speed,Persistence,Principal eigenvalues,Reaction-diffusion equations,Time periodic parabolic equations,Travelling waves},
number = {1},
pages = {41--67},
title = {{Reaction-diffusion equations for population dynamics with forced speed I - The case of the whole space}},
url = {http://localwww.math.unipd.it/{~}lucar/docs/papers/BR2.pdf},
volume = {21},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Bishop2005,
abstract = {When considering the 'burst' flight performance of birds, such as during take-off, one of the most important structural variables is the ratio of the mass of the flight muscle myofibrils with respect to body mass. However, when considering 'prolonged' flight performance the variable of interest should be the body mass ratio of the mass of the flight muscle myofibrils that can be perfused sustainably with metabolites via the blood supply. The latter variable should be related to blood flow (ml min(-1)), which in turn has been shown to be a function of heart muscle mass, the value of which is more easily obtainable for different species than that for the mass of perfused muscle. The limited empirical evidence available suggests that for birds and mammals the rate of maximum oxygen consumption scales with heart mass (Mh) as Mh 0.88 and that for birds Mh scales with body mass (Mb) as Mb 0.92, leading to the conclusion that the rate of maximum oxygen consumption in birds scales with an exponent of around Mb 0.82. A similar exponent would be expected for the rate of maximum oxygen consumption with respect to the flight muscle mass of birds. This suggests that the sustainable power output from the flight muscles may ultimately be limiting the flight performance of very large flying animals, but as a result of circulatory constraints rather than biomechanical considerations of the flight muscles per se. Under the particular circumstances of sustainable flight performance, calculations of rates of metabolic energy consumed by the flight muscles can be compared directly with the estimates of biomechanical power output required, as calculated using various aerodynamic models. The difference between these calculated values for rates of energy input and output from the muscles is equivalent to the 'apparent' mechanochemical conversion efficiency. The results of one such analysis, of the maximum sustainable flight performance of migratory birds, leads to the conclusion that the efficiency of the flight muscles appears to scale as Mb 0.14. However, much of this apparent scaling may be an artefact of the application and assumptions of the models. The resolution of this issue is only likely to come from studying bird species at either extreme of the size range.},
author = {Bishop, C.M.},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.01576},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bishop{\_}2005{\_}Circulatory variables and the flight performance of birds.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-0949},
issn = {0022-0949},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
keywords = {Animal,Animals,Biological,Biomechanics,Birds,Birds: physiology,Body Size,Energy Metabolism,Energy Metabolism: physiology,Flight,Models,Muscle,Myofibrils,Myofibrils: physiology,Oxygen Consumption,Oxygen Consumption: physiology,Skeletal,Skeletal: blood supply,Species Specificity},
month = {may},
number = {9},
pages = {1695--16708},
pmid = {15855401},
title = {{Circulatory variables and the flight performance of birds.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15855401 http://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/9/1695.short},
volume = {208},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Freake2006,
abstract = {In recent years, the evidence suggesting that honey bees communicate with a "dance language" has been stronly attached on both theoretical and experimental grounds. An alternative theory has been proposed by which bees are supposed to use only odors to locate sources of food. A review of the evolution of the controversy isolates and analyzes the main issues. Early experiments which she fundamental problem in this important dispute has been that dancing bees advertise a food location with site-specific odoer information as well as symbolic distance and direction coordinates. A new technique has overcome this problem and demonstrated that von Frisch's dance language theory is, on the whole, correct. The apparently contradictory results of Wenner and his colleagues are shown to be due to their techniques for training bees. The dance-language controversy raises issues beyond how bees communicate. These include whether and when "evolutionary" arguments are useful, and to what extent Kuhn's scientific revolution paradign fits the dispute.},
author = {Freake, M.J. and Muheim, R. and Phillips, J.B.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Freake, Muheim, Phillips{\_}2006{\_}Magnetic maps in animals a theory comes of age.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0033-5770},
journal = {The Quarterly Review of Biology},
keywords = {Animal,Animal Communication,Animal: physiology,Animals,Bees,Bees: physiology,Behavior,Smell},
month = {jun},
number = {4},
pages = {327--347},
pmid = {785523},
title = {{Magnetic maps in animals: a theory comes of age?}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/785523 http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/511528},
volume = {81},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Kabaz-Gomez2012,
author = {Kabaz-Gomez, J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Kabaz-Gomez{\_}2012{\_}Rules for playing God the need for assisted migration and new regulation.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Animal law},
pages = {111 --149},
title = {{Rules for playing God: the need for assisted migration and new regulation}},
volume = {19},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Dawson1991,
abstract = {A model that is capable of maintaining the identities of individuated elements as they move is described. It solves a particular problem of underdetermination, the motion correspondence problem, by simultaneously applying 3 constraints: the nearest neighbor principle, the relative velocity principle, and the element integrity principle. The model generates the same correspondence solutions as does the human visual system for a variety of displays, and many of its properties are consistent with what is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying human motion perception. The model can also be viewed as a proposal of how the identities of attentional tags are maintained by visual cognition, and thus it can be differentiated from a system that serves merely to detect movement.},
author = {Dawson, M.R.},
doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.98.4.569},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dawson{\_}1991{\_}The how and why of what went where in apparent motion modeling solutions to the motion correspondence problem.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0033-295X (Print)$\backslash$n0033-295X (Linking)},
issn = {0033-295X},
journal = {Psychological Review},
number = {4},
pages = {569--603},
pmid = {1961774},
title = {{The how and why of what went where in apparent motion: modeling solutions to the motion correspondence problem.}},
volume = {98},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Jonsen2005,
abstract = {Remotely sensed tracking data collected on animal movement is vastly un- derutilized due to a lack of statistical tools for appropriate analysis. Features of such data that make analysis particularly challenging include the presence of estimation errors that are non-Gaussian and vary in time, observations that occur irregularly in time, and com- plexity in the underlying behavioral processes. We develop a state–space framework that simultaneously deals with these features and demonstrate our method by analyzing three seal pathway data sets. We show how known information regarding error distributions can be used to improve inference of the underlying process(es) and demonstrate that our frame- work provides a powerful and flexible method for fitting different behavioral models to tracking data},
author = {Jonsen, I.D. and Flemmings, J.M. and Myers, R.A.},
doi = {10.1890/04-1852},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Jonsen, Flemmings, Myers{\_}2005{\_}Robust state – space modeling of animal movement data.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0012-9658},
issn = {0012-9658},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {argos satellite telemetry,bayesian,behavior,dispersal,foraging,migration,random,switching models,uncertainty,walks,winbugs},
number = {11},
pages = {2874--2880},
pmid = {1574},
title = {{Robust state – space modeling of animal movement data}},
volume = {86},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Pennycuick1996,
author = {Pennycuick, C.J.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pennycuick{\_}1996{\_}Stress and strain in the flight muscles as constraints on the evolution of flying animals.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
number = {5},
pages = {577--581},
title = {{Stress and strain in the flight muscles as constraints on the evolution of flying animals}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021929095001379},
volume = {29},
year = {1996}
}
@article{McLachlan2007,
abstract = {The Torreya Guardians are trying to save the Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.) from extinction (Barlow {\&} Martin 2004). Fewer than 1000 individuals of this coniferous tree remain within its native distribution, a 35-km stretch of the Apalachicola River, and these trees are not reproducing (Schwartz et al. 2000). Even if the Florida torreya was not declining toward extinction, the species would be at risk from climate change. Warming is projected to either significantly reduce or eliminate suitable habitat for most narrowly endemic taxa (Thomas et al. 2004; Hannah et al. 2005; Peterson et al. 2006), forcing species to colonize new terrain to survive. The focus of the Torreya Guardians is an “assisted migration” program that would introduce seedlings to forests across the Southern Appalachians and Cumberland Plateau (http://www.TorreyaGuardians.org). Their intent is to avert extinction by deliberately expanding the range of this endangered plant over 500 km northward. Because planting endangered plants in new environments is relatively simple as long as seeds are legally acquired and planted with landowner permission, the Torreya Guardians believe their efforts are justified. Introducing this species to regions where it has not existed for 65 million years is “[e]asy, legal, and cheap” (Barlow {\&} Martin 2004). If circumventing climate-driven extinction is a conservation priority, then assisted migration must be considered a management option. Compelling evidence suggests that climate change will be a significant driver of extinction (McCarthy et al. 2001; McLaughlin et al. 2002; Root et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2004). Researchers typically conclude that mitigating climate change and providing reserve networks that foster connectivity and movement should be a priority (e.g., Hannah et al. 2002). Ecologists must recognize, however, that even optimistic estimates of naturalmovement may be insufficient for species to keep pace with climate change. Assisted migration is a contentious issue that places different conservation objectives at odds with one another. This element of debate, together with the growing risk of biodiversity loss under climate change, means that nowis the time for the conservation community to consider assisted migration. Our intent here is to highlight the problem caused by a lack of a scientifically based policy on assisted migration, suggest a spectrum of policy options, and outline a framework for moving toward a consensus on this emerging conservation dilemma.},
author = {McLachlan, J.S. and Hellmann, J.J. and Schwartz, M.W.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00676.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/McLachlan, Hellmann, Schwartz{\_}2007{\_}A framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change.pdf:pdf;:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/McLachlan, Hellmann, Schwartz{\_}2007{\_}A framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0888-8892 (Print)$\backslash$n0888-8892 (Linking)},
issn = {08888892},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
number = {2},
pages = {297--302},
pmid = {17391179},
title = {{A framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00676.x},
volume = {21},
year = {2007}
}
@techreport{Meyer1966,
author = {Meyer, G.},
booktitle = {NASA Technical Note},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Meyer{\_}1966{\_}On use of Euler's theorem on rotations for the synthesis of attitude control systems.pdf:pdf},
title = {{On use of Euler's theorem on rotations for the synthesis of attitude control systems}},
volume = {NASA TN D-},
year = {1966}
}
@book{Matthews1953,
author = {Matthews, G.V.T.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Matthews{\_}1953{\_}Sun navigation in homing pigeons.pdf:pdf},
number = {November 1952},
pages = {243--267},
title = {{Sun navigation in homing pigeons}},
year = {1953}
}
@article{Lisovski2012,
abstract = {1. Geolocation by light allows for tracking animal movements, based on measurements of light intensity over time by a data-logging device (‘geolocator'). Recent developments of ultra-light devices({\textless}2 g) broadened the range of target species and boosted the number of studies using geolo- cators. However, an inherent problem of geolocators is that any factor or process that changes the natural light intensity pattern also affects the positions calculated from these light patterns. Although themost important factors have been identified, estimation of their effect on the accuracy and precision of positions estimated has been lacking but is very important for the analyses and interpretation of geolocator data. 2. The ‘threshold method' is mainly used to derive positions by defining sunrise and sunset times from the light intensity pattern for each recorded day. This method requires calibration: a pre- defined sun elevation angle for estimating latitude by fitting the recorded day⁄ night lengths to theo- retical values across latitudes. Therewith, almost constant shading can be corrected for by finding the appropriate sun elevation angle. 3. Weather, topography and vegetation are the most important factors that influence light intensities. We demonstrated their effect on the measurement of day⁄night length, time of solar midnight ⁄noon and the resulting position estimates using light measurements from stationary geolocators at known places and from geolocators mounted on birds. Furthermore, we investi- gated the influence of different calibration methods on the accuracy of the latitudinal positions. 4. All three environmental factors can influence the light intensity pattern significantly. Weather and an animal's behaviour result in increased noise in positioning, whereas topography and vegeta- tion result in systematic shading and biased positions. Calibration can significantly shift the esti- mated latitudes and potentially increase the accuracy, but detailed knowledge about the particular confounding factors and the behaviour of the studied animal is crucial for the choice of the most appropriate calibration method. Key-words:},
author = {Lisovski, S. and Hewson, C.M. and Klaassen, R.H.G. and Korner-Nievergelt, F. and Kristensen, M.W. and Hahn, S.},
doi = {10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00185.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Lisovski et al.{\_}2012{\_}Geolocation by light Accuracy and precision affected by environmental factors.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2041210X},
issn = {2041210X},
journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
keywords = {Animal movement,Calibration methods,Geolocation,Migration,Tracking},
pages = {603--612},
title = {{Geolocation by light: Accuracy and precision affected by environmental factors}},
volume = {3},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Palais2007,
abstract = {Abstract.  We give an elementary proof of what is perhaps the earliest fixed point theorem; namely Leonhard Euler's theorem of 1775 on the existence of an axis v for any three-dimensional rotation R. The proof is constructive and shows that no multiplications are required to compute v.},
author = {Palais, B. and Palais, R.},
doi = {10.1007/s11784-007-0042-5},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Palais, Palais{\_}2007{\_}Euler's fixed point theorem The axis of a rotation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1178400700},
issn = {16617738},
journal = {Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications},
keywords = {Axis,Rotation},
pages = {1661--7738},
title = {{Euler's fixed point theorem: The axis of a rotation}},
volume = {2},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Gavrilov2014,
author = {Gavrilov, V.M.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gavrilov{\_}2014{\_}Ecological and scaling analysis of the energy expenditure of rest, activity, flight, and evaporative water loss in Passeri.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The Quarterly Review of Biology},
keywords = {allometric analysis,basal metabolic rate,birds,efficiency of transfer,existence metabolism,heat loss ability of,maximum productive metabolism,mechanical work,metabolic rate,of metabolic power into,resting,standard},
number = {2},
pages = {107--150},
title = {{Ecological and scaling analysis of the energy expenditure of rest, activity, flight, and evaporative water loss in Passeriformes and Non-Passeriformes in relation to seasonal migrations and to the occupation of boreal stations in high and moderate Latitud}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/676046},
volume = {89},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Barve2011,
author = {Barve, N. and Barve, V. and Jim{\'{e}}nez-Valverde, A. and Lira-Noriega, A. and Maher, S.P. and Peterson, T. and Sober{\'{o}}n, J. and Villalobos, F.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.02.011},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Barve et al.{\_}2011{\_}The crucial role of the accessible area in ecological niche modeling and species distribution modeling.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043800},
journal = {Ecological Modelling},
month = {jun},
pages = {1810--1819},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{The crucial role of the accessible area in ecological niche modeling and species distribution modeling}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380011000780},
volume = {222},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Gates1966,
author = {Gates, D.M.},
doi = {10.1126/science.151.3710.523},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Gates{\_}1966{\_}Spectral distribution of solar radiation at the Earth's surface.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
number = {3710},
pages = {523--529},
title = {{Spectral distribution of solar radiation at the Earth's surface.}},
volume = {151},
year = {1966}
}
@article{Crozier2004,
abstract = {As the climate warms, many species are moving to higher latitudes and elevations. However, range shifts can be caused by many factors. These factors are unknown in most cases. The specific role of climate in these dynamics needs study to better predict future consequences of global warming. This case study evaluates whether warming,is driving the northward range expansion of a skipper butterfly (Atalopedes campestris). Recently colonized areas have warmed 2-4degreesC over the past 50 years. To assess the importance of climate change for population persistence in these areas, I compared population dynamics at two locations (at the current range edge and just inside the range) that differ by 2-3degreesC. Population growth rate at these two locations over two years was positively correlated with January mean and annual mean temperatures. To determine whether larval overwinter survivorship could explain this correlation, I transplanted larvae over winter to both sites. Larval survivorship was very low at both locations, but significantly lower at the range edge, probably because lower lethal temperatures frequently occurred there. To estimate the direct effect of cold stress on larval survivorship, I applied a previously derived hazard-rate model based on laboratory experiments. With input from field-measured daily mean temperature, the model accurately predicted transplant survivorship at both locations over two winters. Combined results from population and larval transplant analyses indicate that winter temperatures directly affect the persistence of A. campestris at its northern range edge, and that winter warming was a prerequisite for this butterfly's range expansion.},
author = {Crozier, L.},
doi = {10.1890/02-0607},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Crozier{\_}2004{\_}Warmer winters drive butterfly range expansion by increasing survivorship.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00129658},
issn = {00129658},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {Atalopedes campestris,Climate change,Cold tolerance,Geographic range limits,Population abundance,Range shift},
number = {1},
pages = {231--241},
title = {{Warmer winters drive butterfly range expansion by increasing survivorship}},
volume = {85},
year = {2004}
}
@article{VanLoon2011,
abstract = {Many soaring bird species migrate southwards in autumn from their breeding grounds in Europe and Central Asia towards their wintering grounds. Our knowledge about interactions between migrating birds, thermal selection during migration and mechanisms that lead to flocking or convergent travel networks is still very limited. To start investigating these aspects we developed an individual-based simulation model that describes the local interactions between birds and their environment during their migratory flight, leading to emergent patterns at larger scales. The aim of our model is to identify likely decision rules with respect to thermal selection and navigation. After explaining the model, it is applied to analyse the migration of white storks (Ciconia ciconia) over part of its migration domain. A model base-run is accompanied by a sensitivity analysis. It appears that social interactions lead to the use of fewer thermals and slight increases in distance travelled. Possibilities for different model extensions and further model application are discussed.},
author = {{Van Loon}, E.E. and Shamoun-Baranes, J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.10.038},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Van Loon, Shamoun-Baranes{\_}2011{\_}Understanding soaring bird migration through interactions and decisions at the individual level.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-8541},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
keywords = {Algorithms,Animal Migration,Animal Migration: physiology,Animals,Biological,Birds,Birds: physiology,Computer Simulation,Convection,Environment,Models,Social Behavior,Weather},
month = {feb},
pages = {112--126},
pmid = {21075120},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Understanding soaring bird migration through interactions and decisions at the individual level}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075120 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519310005850},
volume = {270},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Bellard2012,
abstract = {Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this review, we first examine the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem and biome scales, notably showing that species can respond to climate change challenges by shifting their climatic niche along three non-exclusive axes: time (e.g. phenology), space (e.g. range) and self (e.g. physiology). Then, we present the principal specificities and caveats of the most common approaches used to estimate future biodiversity at global and sub-continental scales and we synthesise their results. Finally, we highlight several challenges for future research both in theoretical and applied realms. Overall, our review shows that current estimates are very variable, depending on the method, taxonomic group, biodiversity loss metrics, spatial scales and time periods considered. Yet, the majority of models indicate alarming consequences for biodiversity, with the worst-case scenarios leading to extinction rates that would qualify as the sixth mass extinction in the history of the earth.},
author = {Bellard, C. and Bertelsmeier, C. and Leadley, P.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01736.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bellard, Bertelsmeier, Leadley{\_}2012{\_}Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461-0248},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {1 cleo,15,2012,365,377,biodiversity,climate change,ecology letters,line bellard,species extinctions},
month = {jan},
pages = {365--377},
pmid = {22257223},
title = {{Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257223 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01736.x/full},
volume = {15},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Bird2005,
abstract = {1. Craspedolepta nebulosa and C. subpunctata were studied on their shared host plant Epilobium angustifolium along an altitudinal transect in the Hardangervidda area of southern Norway. 2. The following was investigated: whether (a) the altitudinal distribution and abundance of each psyllid species was determined by summer heat budgets, acting directly on rates of insect development and/or through their host plant and (b) whether parasitism, predation, and interspecific competition played any role in restricting the distribution of the two species. 3. Craspedolepta nebulosa extended to higher elevations than C. subpunctata but within their ranges neither species showed a clear altitudinal trend in abundance per plant. However, the former species grew to a smaller size with increasing elevation. 4. There was little evidence for interspecific competitive effects and observed levels of parasitism and predation were negligible across the transect. 5. Development and distribution of both species mirrored significant differences in the phenology, size, leaf number, and reproductive output of E. angustifolium with increasing altitude. 6. Distributions were related to available heat budgets acting on psyllid/plant development rates, with C. nebulosa developing more efficiently at lower heat availability. 7. Population transplant experiments supported the overall conclusions, with neither psyllid species able to establish viable populations above their current upper altitudinal range limit, despite the presence of their host plant.},
author = {Bird, J.M. and Hodkinson, I.D.},
doi = {10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00719.x},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bird, Hodkinson{\_}2005{\_}What limits the altitudinal distribution of Craspedolepta species (Sternorrhyncha Psylloidea) on fireweed.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0307-6946},
issn = {03076946},
journal = {Ecological Entomology},
keywords = {Development,Distribution,Epilobium,Host plant,Phenology,Population,Psyllid,Synchronisation,Thermal budget,Transplantation},
pages = {510--520},
title = {{What limits the altitudinal distribution of Craspedolepta species (Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) on fireweed?}},
volume = {30},
year = {2005}
}
@misc{QGISdevelopmentteam2016,
author = {QGIS development team},
booktitle = {Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project},
publisher = {Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project},
title = {{QGIS geographic information system}},
url = {http://www.qgis.org/},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Sansilvestri2015,
abstract = {Assisted migration (AM) is increasingly proposed to limit the impacts of climate change on vulnerable plant and animal populations. However, interpretations of AM as a purely precautionary action along with multiple definitions have hampered the development of precise policy frameworks. Here, our main objective is to identify what type of policy tools are needed for implementing AM programs as part of broader environmental policies. First, we argue that policy frameworks for translocations of endangered species that are subject to climatic stress are fundamentally different from translocations to reinforce climatically exposed ecosystems because the former are risky and stranded in strict regulations while the latter are open to merges with general landscape management. AM implementation can be based on a series of phases where policies should provide appropriate grounds closely related to extant environmental principles. During a “Triggering phase”, AM is clearly a prevention approach as considered by the Rio Declaration, if unambiguously based on evidence that population decline is mainly caused by climate change. During an “Operational phase”, we suggest that policies should enforce experimentation and be explicit on transparent coordination approaches for collating all available knowledge and ensure multi-actor participation prior to any large scale AM program. In addition, precautionary approaches are needed to minimize risks of translocation failures (maladaptation) that can be reduced through redundancy of multiple target sites. Lastly, monitoring and learning policies during an “Adaptive phase” would promote using flexible management rules to react and adjust to any early alerts, positive or negative, as hybridization with local individuals may represent an evolutionary chance. Our analysis of study cases indicates that except for two programs of productive forests in Canada, current AM programs are predominantly small-scale, experimental and applied to endangered species isolated from general environmental management. As the effects of climate change accumulate, policies could include AM as part of larger environmental programs like habitat restoration with common species seeking to provide stable ecosystems in the future.},
author = {Sansilvestri, R. and Frascaria-Lacoste, N. and Fern{\'{a}}ndez-Manjarr{\'{e}}s, J.F.},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2015.04.005},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Sansilvestri, Frascaria-Lacoste, Fern{\'{a}}ndez-Manjarr{\'{e}}s{\_}2015{\_}Reconstructing a deconstructed concept Policy tools for implementing assiste.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14629011},
journal = {Environmental Science {\&} Policy},
keywords = {Climate change,Ecosystem reinforcement,Environmental policy,Management,Precautionary principle,Prevention principle,Species translocations},
pages = {192--201},
title = {{Reconstructing a deconstructed concept: Policy tools for implementing assisted migration for species and ecosystem management}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901115000787},
volume = {51},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Porter2002,
abstract = {We explore in this paper how animals can be affected by variation in climate, topography, vegetation characteristics, and body size. We utilize new spatially explicit state-of-the-art models that incorporate principles from heat and mass transfer engineering, physiology, morphology, and behavior that have been modified to provide spatially explicit hypotheses using GIS. We demonstrate how temporal and spatial changes in microclimate resulting from differences in topography and vegetation cover alter animal energetics, and behavior. We explore the impacts of these energetic predictions on elk energetics in burned and unburned stands of conifer in winter in Yellowstone National Park, chuckwalla lizard distribution limits in North America, California Beechey Ground squirrel and Dusky Footed woodrat mass and energy requirements and activity patterns on the landscape, their predator prey interactions with a rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis, and shifts in that food web structure due to topographic and vegetative variation. We illustrate how different scales of data/observation provide different pieces of information that may collectively define the real distributions of a species. We then use sensitivity analyses of energetic models to evaluate hypotheses about the effects of changes in core temperature (fever) global climate (increased air temperature under a global warming scenario) and vegetation cover (deforestation) on winter survival of elk, the geographic distribution of chuckwallas and the activity overlap of predator and prey species within a subset of commonly observed species in a terrestrial food web. Variation in slope and aspect affect the spatial variance in solar radiation incident on the ground, hence ground surface temperature, at the same elevation, same hourly 2 m air temperatures, and wind speeds. We illustrate visually how spatial effects and landscape heterogeneity make statistical descriptions of animal responses problematic, since multiple distributions of their responses to climate, topography, and vegetation on the landscape can yield the same descriptive statistics, especially at high (30 m) resolution. This preliminary analysis suggests that the model has far-reaching implications for hypothesis testing in ecology at a variety of spatial and temporal scales.},
author = {Porter, W.P. and Sabo, J.L.},
doi = {10.1093/icb/42.3.431},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Porter, Sabo{\_}2002{\_}Physiology on a landscape scale plant-animal interactions.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1540-7063},
journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
month = {jul},
number = {3},
pages = {431--453},
pmid = {21708738},
title = {{Physiology on a landscape scale: plant-animal interactions}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21708738 http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/3/431.short},
volume = {42},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Sanford2006,
author = {Sanford, E. and Holzman, S.B. and Haney, R.A. and Rand, D.M. and Mark, D. and Holzman, B.},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Sanford et al.{\_}2006{\_}Larval tolerance , gene flow, and the northern geographic range limit of Fiddler Crabs.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {biogeography,cape cod,counter-gradient variation,dispersal,fiddler,massachusetts},
number = {11},
pages = {2882--2894},
title = {{Larval tolerance , gene flow, and the northern geographic range limit of Fiddler Crabs}},
volume = {87},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Vardanis2011,
abstract = {The exploration of animal migration has entered a new era with individual-based tracking during multiple years. Here, we investigated repeated migratory journeys of a long-distance migrating bird, the marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus, in order to analyse the variation within and between individuals with respect to routes and timing. We found that there was a stronger individual repeatability in time than in space. Thus, the annual timing of migration varied much less between repeated journeys of the same individual than between different individuals, while there was considerable variation in the routes of the same individual on repeated journeys. The overall contrast in repeatability between time and space was unexpected and may be owing to strong endogenous control of timing, while short-term variation in environmental conditions (weather and habitat) might promote route flexibility. The individual variation in migration routes indicates that the birds navigate mainly by other means than detailed route recapitulation based on landmark recognition.},
author = {Vardanis, Y.},
doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2010.1180},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Vardanis{\_}2011{\_}Individuality in bird migration routes and timing.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1744-957X},
journal = {Biology letters},
month = {feb},
pages = {502--505},
pmid = {21307045},
title = {{Individuality in bird migration: routes and timing}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307045 http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/02/04/rsbl.2010.1180.short},
volume = {7},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Wadgymar2015,
author = {Wadgymar, S.M. and Cumming, M.N. and Weis, A.E.},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.12988},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wadgymar, Cumming, Weis{\_}2015{\_}The success of assisted colonization and assisted gene flow depends on phenology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13541013},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
keywords = {416-978-8514,ca phone,chamaecrista fasciculata,climate change,correspondence author,days,e-mail,flowering time,fruiting time,growing degree,mail,natural selection,phenology,plasticity,susana,utoronto,wadgymar},
number = {10},
pages = {3786--3799},
title = {{The success of assisted colonization and assisted gene flow depends on phenology}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.12988},
volume = {21},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Roques2008,
author = {Roques, L. and Roques, A. and Berestycki, H. and Kretzschmar, A.},
doi = {10.1007/s10144-007-0073-1},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Roques et al.{\_}2008{\_}A population facing climate change joint influences of Allee effects and environmental boundary geometry.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1438-3896},
journal = {Population Ecology},
keywords = {biodiversity {\'{a}} climate envelope,conservation {\'{a}} mobility {\'{a}},reaction-diffusion {\'{a}} single,{\'{a}}},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {215--225},
title = {{A population facing climate change: joint influences of Allee effects and environmental boundary geometry}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10144-007-0073-1},
volume = {50},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Wiltschko2006,
abstract = {Previous experiments have shown that a short, strong magnetic pulse caused migratory birds to change their headings from their normal migratory direction to an easterly direction in both spring and autumn. In order to analyse the nature of this pulse effect, we subjected migratory Australian silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis, to a magnetic pulse and tested their subsequent response under different magnetic conditions. In the local geomagnetic field, the birds preferred easterly headings as before, and when the horizontal component of the magnetic field was shifted 90 degrees anticlockwise, they altered their headings accordingly northwards. In a field with the vertical component inverted, the birds reversed their headings to westwards, indicating that their directional orientation was controlled by the normal inclination compass. These findings show that although the pulse strongly affects the magnetite particles, it leaves the functional mechanism of the magnetic compass intact. Thus, magnetite-based receptors seem to mediate magnetic 'map'-information used to determine position, and when affected by a pulse, they provide birds with false positional information that causes them to change their course.},
author = {Wiltschko, W. and Munro, U.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2006.3651},
file = {:Users/Ty/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Wiltschko, Munro{\_}2006{\_}Bird navigation what type of information does the magnetite-based receptor provide.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {Animal,Animal Migration,Animal Migration: physiology,Animals,Ferumoxytol,Ferumoxytol: chemistry,Flight,Magnetics,Orientation,Orientation: physiology,Passeriformes,Passeriformes: physiology,Sensory Receptor Cells,Sensory Receptor Cells: physiology},
month = {nov},
number = {1603},
pages = {2815--2820},
pmid = {17015316},
title = {{Bird navigation: what type of information does the magnetite-based receptor provide?}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1664630{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/273/1603/2815.short},
volume = {273},
year = {2006}
}