Git Commands

Create & Clonning Repositories.

git status > Check current status of ongoing working branch.
git add [file] > Snapshots the file in preparation for versioning.
git add -a > Snapshots all new or modified files in preparation for versioning.
git commit -m "[descriptive message]" > Records file snapshots permanently in version history
git show [commit] > Outputs metadata and content changes of the specified commit
git log > Lists version history for the current branch
git log --follow [file] > Lists version history for a file, including renames
git reset [commit] > Undoes all commits after [commit], preserving changes locally
git reset --hard [commit] > Discards all history and changes back to the specified commit

git branch > lists local branches.
git branch -r > lists remote branches.
git branch -a > lists all local and remote branches.
git branch [branch-name] > Creates a new branch.
git checkout [branch-name] > Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory.
git merge [branch] > Combines the specified branch’s history into the current branch. This is usually done in pull requests, but is an important Git operation.
git branch -d [branch-name] > Deletes the specified branch.
git push -u origin [branch-name] > push local branch to remote.

git tag > Listing the existing tags.
git tag -l [tag-name] > see specific "tag-name" series.
git tag [tag-name] > create lightweight tag. it’s just a pointer to a specific commit.
git tag -a [tag name] > create annotated tag. It stored as full objects in the Git database. optionally can add -m "my tag descpription" command.
git tag -a [tag-name] [commit] > create annotated tag at specific commit. Usefull when want to label a version at specific commit.
git show [tag-name] > Outputs tag information.
git push origin [tag-name] > By default, the git push command doesn’t transfer tags to remote servers. You will have to explicitly push tags after you have created them.
git push origin --tags > push all tags to remote repository.
git tag -d [tag-name] > delete tag on local repository.
git push origin --delete [tag-name] > delete tag on remote repository.
git checkout [tag-name] > to view files on this [tag-name]. Caution, any further commits on this will be point nowhere. better use git checkout -b version2 [tag-name] to make changes.
git fetch --tags > This will fetch all remote tags. Optionally can use '--all' keyword.
$ git checkout $tag -b latest > to checkout the latest git tag. where $ tag=$(git describe --tags git rev-list --tags --max-count=1) need to apply first. Apply '$ echo $tag' to view latest tag.

git fetch > Downloads all history from the remote tracking branches.
git merge > Combines remote tracking branch into current local branch.
git push > Uploads all local branch commits to GitHub.
git pull > Updates your current local working branch with all new commits from the corresponding remote branch on GitHub. git pull is a combination of git fetch and git merge.
git reset HEAD -- path/to/file > unstage specific file
git reset HEAD -- > unstage all changes

git config --global user.name "[name]" > Sets the name you want attached to your commit transactions.
git config --global user.email "[email address]" > Sets the email you want attached to your commit transactions.
git config --global color.ui auto > Enables helpful colorization of command line output.
.gitgnore > put excluded file list in this file. See github.com/github/gitignore.

git config --get remote.origin.url > display cuurent remote url.
git remote add origin https://github.com/user/repo.git > adding remote repository.
git remote set-url origin https://github.com/USERNAME/REPOSITORY.git > Changing a remote repository's URL.
git remote rename origin destination > Change remote name from 'origin' to 'destination'.
git remote rm destination > Remove remote. example here removing 'destination'. Note: It does not delete the remote repository from the server. It simply removes the remote and its references from your local repository.
git remote -v > Verify remote for the changes made.