diff --git a/backend/src/controllers/news.controller.ts b/backend/src/controllers/news.controller.ts
index 7caddbf3..3f9044bd 100644
--- a/backend/src/controllers/news.controller.ts
+++ b/backend/src/controllers/news.controller.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 import { RequestHandler } from "express";
 import { DB } from "../repositories/repository";
+import { BadRequestError, NotFoundError } from "../errors/HTTPErrors";
 
-export const getAllNews: RequestHandler = async (_, res, next) => {
-    try {
-        res.status(200).json(await DB.getAllNews())
-    } catch (err) {
-        console.error(err)
-        next(err)
+export default class NewsController {
+    static getAllNews: RequestHandler = async (req, res, next) => {
+        res.json(await DB.getAllNews())
     }
-}
 
-export const getNewsById: RequestHandler = async (req, res, next) => {
-    try {
-        res.status(200).json(await DB.getNewsById(Number(req.params.id)))
-    } catch (err) {
-        console.error(err)
-        next(err)
+    static getNewsById: RequestHandler = async (req, res, next) => {
+        if (!("id" in req.params)) throw new BadRequestError()
+        const id: number = Number(req.params.id)
+        if (isNaN(id)) throw new BadRequestError()
+
+        const n = await DB.getNewsById(id)
+        if (!n) throw new NotFoundError(`News article with id ${req.params.id} does not exist.`)
+
+        res.json(await DB.getNewsById(id))
+        next()
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/controllers/research.controller.ts b/backend/src/controllers/research.controller.ts
index b15c8e4a..a6ce8822 100644
--- a/backend/src/controllers/research.controller.ts
+++ b/backend/src/controllers/research.controller.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 import { RequestHandler } from "express";
 import { DB } from "../repositories/repository";
+import { BadRequestError, NotFoundError } from "../errors/HTTPErrors";
 
-export const getAllResearch: RequestHandler = async (_, res, next) => {
-    try {
-        res.status(200).json(DB.getAllResearch())
-    } catch (err) {
-        console.error(err)
-        next(err)
+export default class ResearchController {
+    static getAllResearch: RequestHandler = async (req, res, next) => {
+        res.json(await DB.getAllResearch())
     }
-}
 
-export const getResearchById: RequestHandler = async (req, res, next) => {
-    try {
-        res.status(200).json(DB.getResearchById(Number(req.params.id)))
-    } catch (err) {
-        console.error(err)
-        next(err)
+    static getResearchById: RequestHandler = async (req, res, next) => {
+        if (!("id" in req.params)) throw new BadRequestError()
+        const id: number = Number(req.params.id)
+        if (isNaN(id)) throw new BadRequestError()
+
+        const n = await DB.getResearchById(id)
+        if (!n) throw new NotFoundError(`Research article with id ${req.params.id} does not exist.`)
+
+        res.json(await DB.getResearchById(id))
+        next()
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/controllers/util/validate.ts b/backend/src/controllers/util/validate.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/backend/src/errors/HTTPErrors.ts b/backend/src/errors/HTTPErrors.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8d53eb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/errors/HTTPErrors.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+abstract class HTTPError extends Error {
+    public status: number
+
+    protected constructor (status: number) {
+        super()
+        this.status = status
+        this.name = "HTTPError"
+    }
+}
+
+export class NotFoundError extends HTTPError {
+    constructor (message?: string) {
+        super(404)
+        this.message = message?? "Not Found"
+        this.name = this.status.toString()
+    }
+}
+
+export class UnauthorizedError extends HTTPError {
+    constructor(message?: string) {
+        super(401)
+        this.message = message ?? "Unauthorized"
+        this.name = this.status.toString()
+    }
+}
+
+export class BadRequestError extends HTTPError {
+    constructor(message?: string) {
+        super(400)
+        this.message = message ?? "Bad Request"
+        this.name = this.status.toString()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/index.ts b/backend/src/index.ts
index 50bd6412..5b062c87 100644
--- a/backend/src/index.ts
+++ b/backend/src/index.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 import express, { Express, Request, Response } from "express";
 import dotenv from "dotenv";
-import { newsRouter, newsURL } from "./routes/news.router";
-import { researchRouter, researchURL } from "./routes/research.router";
+import NewsRouter from "./routes/news.router";
+import ResearchRouter from "./routes/research.router";
 
 dotenv.config()
 
 const app: Express = express()
 const port = process.env.PORT || 3000
 
+app.use(express.json())
+
 app.get("/", (req: Request, res: Response) => {
     res.json({ message: "ok" })
 })
 
-app.use(`/content/${newsURL}`, newsRouter)
-app.use(`/content/${researchURL}`, researchRouter)
+app.use(NewsRouter.url, NewsRouter.router())
+app.use(ResearchRouter.url, ResearchRouter.router())
 
 
 app.listen(port, () => {
diff --git a/backend/src/repositories/memory/MemoryRepository.ts b/backend/src/repositories/memory/MemoryRepository.ts
index a1089620..972a5f4e 100644
--- a/backend/src/repositories/memory/MemoryRepository.ts
+++ b/backend/src/repositories/memory/MemoryRepository.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-import { Article, User, IArticle } from "@aapc/types";
+import { Article, IArticle, User } from "@aapc/types";
 import IRepository from "../IRepository";
 import users from "./data/users.json"
 import news from "./data/news.json"
 import researches from "./data/researches.json"
 import { Nullable } from "../../util/types";
 
+// interface IArticleInput extends Omit<IArticle, "id" | "lastEditedAt" | "publishedAt" | "publisher"> {}
+
 export default class MemoryRepository implements IRepository {
     private readonly users: User[]
     private readonly news: Article[]
diff --git a/backend/src/routes/news.router.ts b/backend/src/routes/news.router.ts
index 0c803094..2c1d9f49 100644
--- a/backend/src/routes/news.router.ts
+++ b/backend/src/routes/news.router.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 import express, { Router } from "express";
-import { getAllNews, getNewsById } from "../controllers/news.controller";
+import NewsController from "../controllers/news.controller";
 
-export const newsRouter: Router = express.Router()
-export const newsURL = "news"
+export default class NewsRouter {
+    static url = "/content/news"
 
-newsRouter.get("/", getAllNews)
-newsRouter.get("/:id", getNewsById)
+    static router (): Router {
+        const router = express.Router()
+
+        router.get("/", NewsController.getAllNews)
+        router.get("/:id", NewsController.getNewsById)
+
+        return router
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/routes/research.router.ts b/backend/src/routes/research.router.ts
index 6a8fefed..fe9883e7 100644
--- a/backend/src/routes/research.router.ts
+++ b/backend/src/routes/research.router.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 import express, { Router } from "express";
-import { getAllResearch, getResearchById } from "../controllers/research.controller";
+import ResearchController from "../controllers/research.controller";
 
-export const researchRouter: Router = express.Router()
-export const researchURL = "research"
+export default class ResearchRouter {
+    static url = "/content/research"
 
-researchRouter.get("/", getAllResearch)
-researchRouter.get("/:id", getResearchById)
+    static router(): Router {
+        const router = express.Router()
+
+        router.get("/", ResearchController.getAllResearch)
+        router.get("/:id", ResearchController.getResearchById)
+
+        return router
+    }
+}