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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Uighur Layout Requirements</title>
<script src="https://www.w3.org/Tools/respec/respec-w3c" async class="remove"></script>
<script class="remove">
var respecConfig = {
// specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, WG-NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
specStatus: "ED",
//publishDate: "2024-06-18",
//previousPublishDate: "2018-02-22",
//previousMaturity: "FPWD",
noRecTrack: true,
shortName: "arab-ug-lreq",
copyrightStart: "2015",
edDraftURI: "https://w3c.github.io/alreq/arab-ug/",
// if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
// lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
// editors, add as many as you like
// only "name" is required
editors: [
{ name: "Richard Ishida", mailto: "ishida@w3.org", company: "W3C", w3cid: 3439 },
],
group: "i18n",
//wgPublicList: "public-i18n-arabic",
github: "w3c/alreq",
};
</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="local.css">
</head>
<body>
<section id="abstract">
<p>This document describes or points to requirements for the layout and presentation of Uighur text when it is used by Web standards and technologies, such as HTML, CSS, Mobile Web, Digital Publications, and Unicode.</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd">
<p style='border: 5px solid red; border-radius: 10px; padding: 1em; margin: 1em; text-align: center; font-weight: 300; font-size: 120%;'>🚩
<br>This document is retired and <strong>MUST NOT</strong> be used for further technical work.<br>See <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-lreq/">Arabic Script Resources</a> instead.</p>
<p style='position: fixed; top: 5em; right: 1em; padding: 0.5em; border-radius: 5px; background-color: red; color: white;font-weight: bold; font-size: 150%; writing-mode: vertical-rl;
text-orientation: mixed;'><span style='background-color: white;padding: 4px; border-radius: 3px;z-index: 1000;'>🚩</span> Retired document. Do not use.</p>
<p>This document describes the basic requirements for Uighur layout and text support on the Web and in eBooks. These requirements provide information for Web technologies such as CSS, HTML and digital publications about how to support users of Arabic scripts.</p>
<p>The editor's draft of this document is being developed as part of the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/alreq/homepage/">Arabic script enablement initiative</a>, part of the W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-activity/i18n-ig/">Internationalization Interest Group</a>. It is published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-activity/i18n-wg/">Internationalization Working Group</a>. The end target for this document is a Working Group Note.</p>
<p data-lang="en">To make it easier to track comments, please raise a separate issue for each comment, and at the start of the issue add a URL pointing to the section you are commenting on.</p>
</section>
<div id="linkWarning"><!--span id="closeLinkWarning" onClick="this.parentNode.style.display='none'">X</span--> Some links on this page point to repositories or pages to which information will be added over time. Initially, the link may produce no results, but as issues, tests, etc. are created they will show up.</div>
<section id="h_introduction">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>The aim of this document is to describe the basic requirements for Uighur layout and text support on the Web and in eBooks. These requirements provide information for Web technologies such as CSS, HTML and digital publications, and for application developers, about how to support users of Uighur.</p>
<section id="h_acknowledgements">
<h3>Contributors</h3>
<p>The initial information in this document was created by Richard Ishida (W3C).</p>
<p data-lang="en">See also the <a href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/graphs/contributors">GitHub contributors list</a> for the Arabic Script Enablement project, and the <a href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue">discussions</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="h_about_this_document">
<h3>About this document</h3>
<p>The aim of this document is to describe the basic requirements for Uighur layout and text support on the Web and in eBooks. These requirements provide information for Web technologies such as CSS, HTML and digital publications, and for application developers, about how to support users of Uighur.</p>
<p>The document focuses on typographic layout issues. For a deeper understanding of the Uighur orthography and how it works see <cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>, which includes topics such as: <a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#phonology">Phonology</a>, <a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#vowels">Vowels</a>, <a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#consonants">Consonants</a>, <a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#encoding">Encoding choices</a>, and <a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#numbers">Numbers</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="h_gap_analysis">
<h3>Gap analysis</h3>
<p>This document is pointed to by a separate document, <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/">Uighur Gap Analysis</a>, which describes gaps in support for Uighur on the Web, and prioritises and describes the impact of those gaps on the user.</p>
<p>Wherever an unsupported feature is identified through the gap analysis process, the requirements for that feature need to be documented. This document is where those requirements are described.</p>
<p>This document should contain no reference to a particular technology. For example, it should not say "CSS does/doesn't do such and such", and it should not describe how a technology, such as CSS, should implement the requirements. It is technology agnostic, so that it will be evergreen, and it simply describes how the script works. The gap analysis document is the appropriate place for all kinds of technology-specific information.</p>
</section>
<section id="h_info_requests">
<h3>Other related resources</h3>
<p>To complement any content authored specifically for this document, the sections in the document also point to related, external information, tests, GitHub discussions, etc.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://w3c.github.io/typography/"><cite>Language enablement index</cite></a> points to this document and others, and provides a central location for developers and implementers to find information related to various scripts.</p>
<p>The W3C also has a repository with discussion threads related to the Arabic script, including requests from developers to the user community for information about how scripts/languages work, and a notification system that tracks issues in W3C working groups related to Arabic scripts. See a list of <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Aquestion+">unresolved questions</a> for Arabic script experts. Each section below points to related discussions. See also the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/alreq/home">repository home page</a>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="h_all_topics">All topics</h2>
<aside class="prompts">Links reveal results regardless of topic, for issues, tests, and samples. </aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Aquestion+is%3Aopen">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug">All Uighur issues in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Aalreq">All Arabic script issues in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Type samples</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/type-samples/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3As%3Aarab">W3C type samples</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/r12a/typesamples/issues?q=is%3Aopen+label%3As.arab">r12a type samples</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/text_direction_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic">Text direction</a> • <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/glyph_character_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic">Glyphs & characters</a> • <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/character_phrase_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic">Punctuation & inline</a> • <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/line_paragraph_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic">Lines & paragraphs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/">Uighur</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="h_text_direction">Text direction</h2>
<section id="h_bidi_text">
<h3>Bidirectional text</h3>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#direction">Text direction</a></li>
<li><cite><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html-bidi/">Additional Requirements for Bidi in HTML & CSS</a></cite></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aquestion+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Abidi_text">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Abidi_text">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Abidi-text">Arabic script issues in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-bidi-text.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/text_direction_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue++label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3ABidirectional_text">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/the-dir-attribute">HTML5: dir basics</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/the-dir-attribute-isolation">HTML5: dir isolation</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/bidi-text-rendering">HTML5: Bidirectional text rendering</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/the-dir-attribute-auto">HTML5: dir=auto</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/the-bdo-element">HTML5: The bdo element</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/the-dirname-attribute">HTML5: The dirname attribute</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/native-user-interfaces">HTML5: Native user interfaces</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/writing-modes-bidi">CSS Writing Modes: Bidi</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#bidi_text">Bidirectional text</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#bidi_text">Bidirectional text</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Arabic script is written from right to left. Numbers, even Arabic numbers, are written from left to right, as is text in a script that is normally left-to-right.</p>
<p>When the main script is Arabic, the layout and structure of pages and documents are also set from right to left.</p>
</section>
<section id="h_vertical_text">
<h3>Vertical text</h3>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>tbd</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aquestion+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Avertical_text">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Avertical_text">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=+is%3Aissue+label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Avertical-text">Arabic script issues in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-vertical-text.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/text_direction_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue++label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3AVertical_text">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#vertical_text">Vertical text</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#vertical_text">Vertical text</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>
<section id="h_shaping">
<h2>Glyph shaping & positioning</h2>
<section id="h_writing_styles">
<h3>Fonts & font styles</h3>
<aside class="prompts">How are fonts grouped into recognisable writing styles? How is each writing style used? Are OpenType features needed? What other font-related requirements and issue exist?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<!--<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#writing_styles">Font styles</a></li>
-->
<!--<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-discuss/wiki/Generic-font-families">Generic font families</a> (nastaliq)</li>
-->
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/fontlist/index.html?script=arab">List of system fonts</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Afonts+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Afonts">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=+label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Afonts">Arabic script issues in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-fonts.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/glyph_character_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3AFonts">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#fonts">Fonts</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#fonts">Fonts & font styles</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section class="h_context">
<h3>Context-based shaping & positioning</h3>
<aside class="prompts">Are special glyph forms needed, depending on the context in which a character is used? Do glyphs interact in some circumstances? Are there requirements to position diacritics or other items specially, depending on context? Does the script have multiple diacritics competing for the same location relative to the base?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#context">Context-based shaping & positioning</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aglyphs+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aglyphs">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=+label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Aglyphs">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test results (tbc)</li>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test repo (tbc)</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#glyphs">Glyph shaping and positioning</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#glyphs">Glyph shaping & positioning</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section class="h_cursive">
<h3>Cursive text</h3>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#cursive">Cursive script</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Acursive+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Acursive">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Acursive">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-cursive.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/character_phrase_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3ACursive_text">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/css-text-shaping">CSS3 Text, Cursive joining</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/cursive">Exploratory: Cursive behaviour</a></li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#cursive">Cursive text</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#cursive">Cursive text</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Arabic script is a cursive writing system; i.e, letters can join to their neighboring letters. Besides the core behavior of the script, there are some details on how content is encoded in Unicode, and some rules around joining behavior when rendering special cases.</p>
</section>
<section class="h_fontstyle">
<h3>Letterform slopes, weights, & italics</h3>
<aside class="prompts">Are italicisation, bolding, oblique, etc relevant? Do italic fonts lean in the right direction? Is synthesised italicisation problematic? Are there other problems relating to bolding or italicisation - perhaps relating to generalised assumptions of applicability?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Arabic Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#fontstyle">Letterform slopes, weights, & italics</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aletterforms+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aletterforms">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Afont-style+">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-letterforms.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/character_phrase_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3ALetterforms">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#font_style">Font styles, weight, etc</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#font_style">Letterform slopes, weights, & italics</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<!--section class="h_transforms">
<h3>Character transforms ****NA****</h3>
</section-->
</section>
<section class="h_graphemes">
<h2>Typographic units</h2>
<section class="h_transforms">
<h3>Characters & encoding</h3>
<aside class="prompts">Most languages are now supported by Unicode, but there are still occasional issues. In particular, there may be issues related to ordering of characters, or competing encodings (as in Myanmar), or standardisation of variation selectors or the encoding model (as in Mongolian).</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes:</cite> <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#vowels" class="external">Vowels</a> • <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#consonants" class="external">Consonants</a></li>
<li>Character usage: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/app-charuse/index.html?language=ug">Uighur</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aencoding+label%3Aquestion">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aencoding">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Acharset">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test results (tbc)</li>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test repo (tbc)</li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#charset">Characters & encoding</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#charset">Characters & encoding</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section class="h_segmentation">
<h3>Grapheme/word segmentation & selection</h3>
<aside class="prompts">Do Unicode grapheme clusters appropriately segment character units for the script? Are there special requirements for the following operations: forwards/backwards deletion, cursor movement & selection, character counts, searching & matching, text insertion, line-breaking, justification, case conversions, sorting? Are words separated by spaces, or other characters? Are there special requirements when double-clicking on the text? Are words hyphenated?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes:</cite> <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#word" class="external">Word boundaries</a> • <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#graphemes" class="external">Graphemes</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Asegmentation+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Asegmentation">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Asegmentation">Arabic script</a><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Asegmentation"> issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-grapheme-word-segmentation.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/glyph_character_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3AGrapheme_word">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#segmentation">Grapheme/word segmentation & selection</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#segmentation">Grapheme/word segmentation & selection</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>
<section id="h_characters_and_phrases">
<h2>Punctuation & inline features</h2>
<aside class="prompts">This section describes typographic features related to word boundaries, phrase & section boundaries, bracketed text, quotations & citations, emphasis, abbreviation, ellipsis & repetition, inline notes & annotations, other punctuation, and other inline text decoration.</aside>
<section id="h_phrase">
<h3>Phrase & section boundaries</h3>
<aside class="prompts">What characters are used to indicate the boundaries of phrases, sentences, and sections? What about other punctuation, such as dashes, connectors, separators, etc?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes:</cite> <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#phrase" class="external">Phrase & section boundaries</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Apunctuation_etc+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Apunctuation_etc">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Apunctuation-etc">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test results (tbc)</li>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test repo (tbc)</li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#punctuation_etc">Inline features & punctuation</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#punctuation_etc">Phrase & section boundaries</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="h_quotations">
<h3>Quotations & citations</h3>
<aside class="prompts">What characters are used to indicate quotations? Do quotations within quotations use different characters? What characters are used to indicate dialogue? Are the same mechanisms used to cite words, or for scare quotes, etc? What about citing book or article names?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#quotations" class="external">Quotations & citations</a></li>
<!--<li><cite>Wikipedia</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark" class="external">Quotation mark</a></li>
-->
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aquotations+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aquotations">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Aquotations">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-quotations.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/character_phrase_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3AQuotations">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://w3c.github.io/i18n-tests/results/the-q-element.html">The q element</a></li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#quotations">Quotations</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#quotations">Quotations & citations</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="h_emphasis">
<h3>Emphasis & highlighting</h3>
<aside class="prompts">How are emphasis and highlighting achieved? If lines or marks are drawn alongside, over or through the text, do they need to be a special distance from the text itself? Is it important to skip characters when underlining, etc? How do things change for vertically set text?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>tbd<!--<cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#emphasis" class="external">Emphasis & highlighting</a>--></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aemphasis+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aemphasis">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Aemphasis">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/International/i18n-tests/results/int-emphasis.html#arabic">Exploratory/interactive test results</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/character_phrase_tests/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Ah2%3AArabic+label%3Adoc%3AEmphasis">Exploratory/interactive test repo</a></li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/arab-ug-gap/#punctuation_etc">Inline features & punctuation</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/typography/#emphasis">Emphasis & highlighting</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="h_abbrev">
<h3>Abbreviation, ellipsis & repetition</h3>
<aside class="prompts">What characters or other methods are used to indicate abbreviation, ellipsis & repetition?</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>tbd<!--<cite>Uighur Orthography Notes</cite>: <a target="_blank" href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/ug.html#abbrev" class="external">Abbreviation, ellipsis & repetition</a>--></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>GitHub discussions</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aabbrev+label%3Aquestion+">Open requests for information</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Al%3Aug+label%3Ai%3Aabbrev">All Uighur issues on this topic in the alreq repo</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/w3c/i18n-activity/issues?q=label%3Aalreq+label%3Ai%3Aabbrev">Arabic script issues on this topic in W3C specs</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Tests</dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test results (tbc)</li>
<li>Exploratory/interactive test repo (tbc)</li>
</ul>
</dd><dt>Gap analysis</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="linkList">
<li>tbd</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>LE Index</dt>
<dd class="le_index">
<ul class="linkList">
<li>tbd</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="h_inlinenotes">
<h3>Inline notes & annotations</h3>
<aside class="prompts">What mechanisms, if any, are used to create *inline* notes and annotations? (For referent-type notes such as footnotes, see further down.)</aside>
<dl class="reslinks">
<dt>Requirements</dt>
<dd>