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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>GRASS GIS (DOI, Open GIS Group, 2019)</title>
<meta name="description" content="GRASS GIS talk slides for DOI">
<meta name="author" content="Vaclav Petras">
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<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1>GRASS GIS</h1>
<!--<h2>What's New</h2>-->
<p style="margin-top: 0.5em">
<a href="http://wenzeslaus.github.io/">Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</a>
</p>
<p class="title-foot">
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/geoforall/" title="NCSU GeoForAll Lab">NCSU GeoForAll Lab</a>
at the
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/" title="NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics">Center for Geospatial Analytics</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.ncsu.edu/" title="North Carolina State University">North Carolina State University</a>
</p>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" class="stretch">
<p><small>DOI, Open GIS Group, Apr 25, 2019</small></p>
</section>
<section class="textimg">
<h2>Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</h2>
<ul>
<li>BS & MS in Geoinformatics, Czech Technical University in Prague
<li>PhD in Geospatial Analytics, NC State
<li>Postdoctoral Researcher at NC State
<li>GRASS GIS Development Team Member
<li>GRASS GIS Project Steering Committee Member
<li>Open Source Geospatial Foundation Charter Member
</ul>
<img src="img/vp_field_work.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<h2>The Beginning of GRASS GIS</h2>
<ul>
<li>1980-1982: Ideas, predecessors and prototypes
<li>1983: First reference manual published
<li>
1985: Geographic Resources Analysis
Support System 1.0 released
</ul>
<img src="img/fort_hood_gis.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>The 80s of GRASS GIS</h2>
<p class="small">
William Shatner introducing GRASS <br>in a historical promotional video
</p>
<video data-autoplay controls loop class="stretch">
<source src="img/grassmovie_1min.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</source>
</video>
<p class="small">
see full 15 min video at
<a href="https://av.tib.eu/media/12963">av.tib.eu/media/12963</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS Timeline (cont.)</h2>
<ul>
<li>90s a general purpose GIS <small>from a land management system</small>
<li>1999 international team of developers + GNU GPL
<li>2008 OSGeo Project
<li>2018 35 years of GRASS GIS development
<li>2019 latest release Mar 24, 2019 <small>(7.6.1)</small>
<li>check out <a href="https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/timeline">last change</a>
<small>(probably just few hours ago)</small>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_logo_development.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS Now</h2>
<img src="img/hexagons_python_editor.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community Shares Improvements</h2>
<ul>
<li>GRASS GIS community provides software to the public
<li>Shares its source code
<li>Includes latest additions
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_team.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Scientific Foundation</h2>
<ul>
<li>references to papers associated with modules
<li>references to related scientific papers
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/module_references.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Links to source code</h2>
Documentation now links to relevant parts of the source code.
<img src="img/module_author_source.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Luca Delucchi
</section>
<section>
<h2>Return of Investment</h2>
<p>
<em>Learn once, use forever.</em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>Emphasis on backwards compatibility
<li>No increasing license fees over time
<li>Employer-independent and contractor-independent
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/modeler_skyview.png" class="stretch">
<aside class="notes">
Old commands, often work in new versions with minimal changes.
No increase in license fees over time.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Return of Investment</h2>
<p><em>Code from 2002 running in 2019?</em></p>
<!-- 5 pre-release -->
version 5.0 code works as is in 7.6:
<pre style="font-size: 94%;">r.mapcalc depr.bin="if((elev - fill)< 0., 1, 0)"
</pre>
<p>
although there is a better way to write it:
</p>
<pre style="font-size: 94%;">r.mapcalc <em style="color: red;">"</em>depr<em style="color: red;">_</em>bin<em style="background-color: #FFDDDD;"> = </em>if((elev - fill) < 0., 1, 0)"
</pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>All-in-one</h2>
<p>
<em>GRASS covers many fields.</em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>All matured tools available right away
<li>Download of experimental tools possible
<li>Hydrology, remote sensing, lidar, network analysis, …
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/hexagons_3d_white_outlier.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Modules</h2>
<p>Functionality is divided into modules <small>(over 500)</small></p>
<table style="font-size: smaller;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th>Prefix</th>
<th>Functionality</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>r.</td>
<td>raster processing</td>
<td>r.mapcalc: raster map algebra</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>v.</td>
<td>vector processing</td>
<td>v.surf.rst: interpolation from points</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>g.</td>
<td>general management</td>
<td>g.remove: removes maps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>d.</td>
<td>display and rendering</td>
<td>d.rast: display raster map</td>
</tr>
<!--
<tr>
<td>i.</td>
<td>imagery processing</td>
<td>i.segment: image segmentation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>r3.</td>
<td>3D raster processing</td>
<td>r3.stats: 3D raster statistics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>t.</td>
<td>temporal data processing</td>
<td>t.rast.aggregate: temporal aggregation</td>
</tr>
-->
</tbody></table>
<small>There is more: i., t., r3., m., ps.</small>
<br>
<img src="img/gui_with_lidar_veg_bg.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Vector Network Analysis</h2>
<ul>
<li>shortest path, traveling salesman, ...
<li>centrality measures, connected components, ...
<li>turn cost in network nodes
</ul>
<img src="img/network.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Cost Surface Calculations</h2>
<p>Travel cost as travel time
<img src="img/cost.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Viewshed</h2>
<p></p>
<img src="img/total_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
<p>Here applied in total viewshed computation by Anna Petrasova
</section>
<section>
<h2>Geomorphon</h2>
<p><em>r.geomorphon</em> - landform detection</p>
<img src="img/geomorphon_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Jarek Jasiewicz and Tomek Stepinski
</section>
<section>
<h2>Solar Radiation</h2>
<p><em>r.sun</em> - new parallelized version</p>
<img src="img/summer_solstice_centennial.gif" class="stretch">
<p>by Stanislav Zubal and Michal Lacko
</section>
<section>
<h2>Vector Topology Cleaning</h2>
<ul>
<li>introduced in 2002
<li>continuous improvements
</ul>
<img src="img/topology_cleaning.png" class="stretch">
<p>(actual data processed and displayed in GRASS GIS)
</section>
<section>
<h2>Temporal Framework</h2>
<p>Manage and analyze spatio-temporal datasets (time series)</p>
<img src="img/grass760_temporal_plot_labels.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Sören Gebbert and Thomas Leppelt
<br>
(visualization tools by Anna Petrasova and Luca Delucchi)
</section>
<section>
<h2>Animation Tool</h2>
<p>Visualize spatio-temporal datasets and other series</p>
<img src="img/temporal_precip_temp.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Anna Petrasova
</section>
<section>
<h2>Temporal Algebra</h2>
<p>
<code>D = if(start_date(A) < "2005-01-01", A + B)</code>
<br>
<small>Sum maps from A with maps with equal time stamps from B which are temporally before Jan 1, 2005</small>
</p>
<img src="img/temporal_htc.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Thomas Leppelt and Soeren Gebbert
</section>
<section>
<h2>Computational Features & Improvements</h2>
<ul>
<li>Long established 64bit <small>(since 2016 also on Microsoft Windows)</small>
<li>Large file support <small>even on 32bit MS Windows</small>
<li>Many vector algorithms faster in version 7
<li>Faster and higher compression <em>ZSTD</em> for rasters
<li>Virtual raster mosaics <em>( r.buildvrt )</em>
<li>Segment library all-in-memory mode <small>(faster modules, easier module development)</small>
</ul>
<img src="img/piemonte_shaded_elevation.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Addons and Extensions</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Skyview</h2>
Non-directional alternative to shaded relief
<img src="img/skyview.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Anna Petrasova
</section>
<section>
<h2>SLIC</h2>
<p><em>i.superpixels.slic</em> - image segmentation using SLIC superpixels</p>
<img src="img/i_superpixels_slic_ndvi.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Rashad Kanavath and Markus Metz
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools for Sentinel Data</h2>
<p>download, import, preprocessing, cloud detection, and masking of Sentinel 2 data</p>
<img src="img/i_sentinel_mask_ES.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Roberta Fagandini, Martin Landa, Moritz Lennert, and Roberto Marzocchi
</section>
<section>
<h2>Point clouds with PDAL</h2>
<p><em>r.in.pdal</em> - binning of points using PDAL for LAS reading</p>
<img src="img/lidar_vegetation_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Anika Bettge and Vaclav Petras
</section>
<section>
<h2>Point cloud transects</h2>
<p><em>v.profile.points</em> - transects of point clouds</p>
<img src="img/v_profile_points.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Vaclav Petras
</section>
<section>
<h2>Itzï</h2>
<p>Hydrologic and hydraulic model of surface water flow</p>
<img src="img/itzi.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Laurent Courty
</section>
<section>
<h2>PoPS</h2>
<p><em>r.pops.spread</em> - Pest or Pathogen Spread simulation</p>
<img src="img/sudden_oak_death_oregon.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics
</section>
<section>
<h2>FUTURES</h2>
<p><em>r.futures</em> - set of modules for urban growth modeling</p>
<img src="img/futures_scenarios_incentive_table.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics
</section>
<section>
<h2>Interfaces</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Command Line</h2>
<p>The baseline interface for efficiency and reproducibility</p>
<img src="img/grass_cli.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Graphical User Interface</h2>
<p>The interface for beginners and desktop</p>
<img src="img/grass_gui.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Simple Python Editor</h2>
<p>Create Python scripts and modules with ease</p>
<img src="img/pyedit.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Vaclav Petras
</section>
<section>
<!--
Brown and Gerdes, 1992: SG3d - supporting information
Brown and Astley, 1995: NVIZ
(It evolved from the earlier GRASS program SG3d)
-->
<h2>3D View</h2>
<ul>
<li>visualization and analytical visualization
</ul>
<img src="img/drone_3d.png" class="stretch">
<p><small>
reviewing UAV fligh path
</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Data catalog</h2>
<p><em>g.gui.datacatalog</em> - browse, manage, and reproject raster and vector maps</p>
<img src="img/data_catalog.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Tereza Fiedlerova and Anna Petrasova
</section>
<section>
<h2>Command line prevails: 1987</h2>
<img src="img/cli_movie.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Command line prevails: 2019</h2>
<img src="img/cli_tangible.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>HPC & Cloud</h2>
<ul>
<li>NC State University (henry2)
<li>University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (Roger)
<li>OpenEO (GRASS GIS backend)
<li>…
</ul>
<img src="img/lidar_city.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Batch processing</h2>
<pre style="font-size: 94%;">grass7 /grassdata/nc_spm/work1 --exec \
r.viewshed input=elevation output=viewshed \
coordinates=642964,222890
</pre>
<p>by Vaclav Petras
</section>
<section>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Support</h2>
<ul>
<li>Community support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-user">user mailing list</a> <small>(archived since 1991)</small>
<li><a href="https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/grass">GIS StackExchange</a>
<li>…
</ul>
<li>Commercial support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://geospatial.ncsu.edu/engage/service-center/">Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University</a>
<li><a href="https://www.northrivergeographic.com/">North River Geographic Systems, Inc.</a>
<li><a href="https://www.mundialis.de/open-source-gis/">mundialis</a>
<li>…
</ul>
<li>Hire a GRASS GIS power user or developer
</ul>
<p>
<small>
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/support/">grass.osgeo.org/support</a>
</small>
<!--
<br>
<img src="img/grass_user_mailing_list.png" class="stretch">
-->
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
<p>
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/">grass.osgeo.org</a>
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/grass-gis-talks/">github.com/wenzeslaus/grass-gis-talks</a>
<p>
<a href="https://twitter.com/vaclavpetras/">Twitter: vaclavpetras</a>
<br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vaclav-petras-a24a1b114/">LinkedIn: Vaclav Petras</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Bonus Content</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Duality between GUI and commands</h2>
<div class="left">
<img src="img/r_in_lidar_dialog.png" style="width: 100%;">
</div>
<div class="right">
<small>Command line (Bash):</small>
<br>
<img src="img/r_in_lidar_command_in_bash.png" style="width: 100%;">
<small>Python:</small>
<br>
<img src="img/r_in_lidar_command_in_python.png" style="width: 100%;">
</div>
<p><small>
Examples in the documentation and class instructions are usually
provided as commands which can be used to fill in the GUI, write Python
code, or run them directly.
</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>3rd Party Interfaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>QGIS Processing Plugin
<li>QGIS GRASS Plugin
<li>R <em>rgrass7</em> package
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/qgis_processing.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>3rd Party Interfaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>Actinia <small>– The GRASS GIS REST API</small>
<ul>
<li>Used in the OpenEO GRASS GIS driver
</ul>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/actinia_logo.svg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>3rd Party Interfaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>Tangible Landscape
<ul>
<li>tangible user interface to GRASS GIS and Blender
<li>by NC State University, Center for Geospatial Analytics
</ul>
</ul>
<p>
<iframe data-autoplay width="700" height="350" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Uje8ORyhBaQ?rel=0&showinfo=0&loop=1&playlist=Uje8ORyhBaQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p><small>
Modules running: v.surf.rst, r.contour, r.fill.dir, r.sim.water
</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>APIs</h2>
<ul>
<li>native:
<ul>
<li>C (usable in C++)
<li>Python
<li>command line (Bash, cmd, …)
</ul>
<li>3rd party:
<ul>
<li>R (<em>rgrass7</em> package)
<li>Ruby (<em>grassgis</em> gem)
<li>Java (<em>JGrasstools</em> library)
</ul>
<li>as backend:
<ul>
<li><em>QGIS Processing</em> (Python and R APIs)
<li><em>PyWPS, ZOO-Project</em> (OGC WPS)
<li><em>Actinia</em> (REST)
<li><em>gvSIG JGrasstools Spatial Toolbox</em> <small>under development</small>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS in the FOSS Ecosystem</h2>
<dl>
<dt>GRASS GIS</dt>
<dd>
Geospatial processing, algorithms, and workflows
</dd>
<dt>Inkscape, Gimp, ImageMagic, GMT, QGIS</dt>
<dd>
Graphics and refined the cartography
</dd>
<dt>PostgreSQL with PostGIS</dt>
<dd>
Relational database (spatial and non-spatial data storage)
</dd>
<dt>R, Octave, Python, Jupyter, LibreOffice</dt>
<dd>
Statistics, non-spatial data analysis
</dd>
<dt>OpenLayers, Leaflet, GeoExt, Django, Flask</dt>
<dd>
Web interface
</dd>
<dt>PyWPS, ZOO-Project, Actinia</dt>
<dd>
Processing server
</dd>
<dt>MapServer, GeoServer, QGIS Server</dt>
<dd>
spatial data publishing server
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<!--<small>(native connection between GRASS GIS and PostGIS)</small>-->
<!--<small>(OGC WPS, native support for GRASS GIS)</small>-->
<!--<small>(MapServer can read directly from GRASS GIS database)</small>-->
<!--
GDAL, libLAS, PDAL
<dt>Python, R, Bash, Perl, Ruby</dt>
<dd>
Scripting, extensions
</dd>
-->
</section>
<section>
<h2>Concepts</h2>
<ul>
<li>locations and mapsets
<li>data management
<li>projections
<li>computational region
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/hexagons_3d_white_outlier.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Spatial Database</h2>
<img src="img/grass_data_tab.svg" class="stretch"
alt="Example of GRASS GIS database structure into locations (based on SRS) and further to mapsets (for organization)">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Selecting Mapset</h2>
<ul>
<li>Selecting database, location, and mapset
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_startup.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Import, export, linking</h2>
<ul>
<li>Data need to be imported or linked <small>(GDAL)</small>
<li>Vector and raster data can be linked
<ul>
<li>r.external, r.external.out
<li>v.external, v.external.out
</ul>
<li>Export to various formats (or linking)
<li>GRASS GIS native exchange format (v.pack, r.pack, v.unpack, …)
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/piemonte_shaded_elevation.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Computational Region</h2>
<ul>
<li>extent and resolution for raster computations
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_computational_region.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Documentation:
<ul>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass76/manuals/graphical_index.html">full list of core modules</a>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass74/manuals/addons">modules in Addons repository</a>
</ul>
<li>
Tutorials:
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/From_GRASS_GIS_novice_to_power_user_(workshop_at_FOSS4G_Boston_2017)">Introduction to GRASS GIS</a>
<li>
<a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Processing_lidar_and_UAV_point_clouds_in_GRASS_GIS_(workshop_at_FOSS4G_Boston_2017)">Processing lidar and UAV point clouds</a>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/python-grass-addon">How to write a Python module</a>
<li>
<a href="http://ncsu-geoforall-lab.github.io/grass-temporal-workshop/">
Spatio-temporal data handling and visualization</a>
</ul>
<li>
Books:
<ul>
<li>Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach
<li>Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS
<li>GIS-based Analysis of Coastal Lidar Time-Series
<li>Open Source Approaches to Spatial Data Handling
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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