diff --git a/benchmarks/classification.py b/benchmarks/classification.py
index 50e46ef39..c4dc82ed7 100644
--- a/benchmarks/classification.py
+++ b/benchmarks/classification.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def main():
     # Listing
     if args.long_list or args.short_list:
         already_done_models = {}
-        for (dataset_i, model_class_i, config_i) in all_classification_tasks:
+        for dataset_i, model_class_i, config_i in all_classification_tasks:
             config_n = json.dumps(config_i).replace("'", '"')
             model_name_i = model_class_i.__name__
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/common.py b/benchmarks/common.py
index c06a9e171..a3445f679 100644
--- a/benchmarks/common.py
+++ b/benchmarks/common.py
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ def run_and_report_classification_metrics(
             (f1_score, "f1", "F1Score"),
         ]
 
-    for (metric, metric_id, metric_label) in metric_info:
+    for metric, metric_id, metric_label in metric_info:
         run_and_report_metric(
             y_gt,
             y_pred,
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ def run_and_report_regression_metrics(y_gt, y_pred, metric_id_prefix, metric_lab
     """Run several metrics and report results to progress tracker with computed name and id"""
 
     metric_info = [(r2_score, "r2_score", "R2Score"), (mean_squared_error, "MSE", "MSE")]
-    for (metric, metric_id, metric_label) in metric_info:
+    for metric, metric_id, metric_label in metric_info:
         run_and_report_metric(
             y_gt,
             y_pred,
@@ -768,6 +768,7 @@ def benchmark_name_generator(
 # - The functions support all models
 # FIXME: https://github.com/zama-ai/concrete-ml-internal/issues/1866
 
+
 # pylint: disable-next=too-many-branches, redefined-outer-name
 def benchmark_name_to_config(
     benchmark_name: str, joiner: str = "_"
diff --git a/benchmarks/deep_learning.py b/benchmarks/deep_learning.py
index a140638c5..dd8c81aae 100644
--- a/benchmarks/deep_learning.py
+++ b/benchmarks/deep_learning.py
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ def main():
     if args.long_list or args.short_list:
         # Print the short or long lists if asked and stop
         printed_models = set()
-        for (dataset, cnn_class, config) in all_tasks:
+        for dataset, cnn_class, config in all_tasks:
             configs = json.dumps(config).replace("'", '"')
             cnn_name = cnn_class.__name__
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/glm.py b/benchmarks/glm.py
index d2ae5bafc..b3b2302e2 100644
--- a/benchmarks/glm.py
+++ b/benchmarks/glm.py
@@ -113,14 +113,20 @@ def get_preprocessor() -> ColumnTransformer:
 
 def get_train_test_data(data: pandas.DataFrame) -> Tuple[pandas.DataFrame, pandas.DataFrame]:
     """Split the data into a train and test set."""
-    train_data, test_data, = train_test_split(
+    (
+        train_data,
+        test_data,
+    ) = train_test_split(
         data,
         test_size=0.2,
         random_state=0,
     )
 
     # The test set is reduced for faster FHE runs.
-    _, test_data, = train_test_split(
+    (
+        _,
+        test_data,
+    ) = train_test_split(
         test_data,
         test_size=500,
         random_state=0,
diff --git a/benchmarks/regression.py b/benchmarks/regression.py
index d5e699b74..d7229c468 100644
--- a/benchmarks/regression.py
+++ b/benchmarks/regression.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def main():
     # Listing
     if args.long_list or args.short_list:
         already_done_models = {}
-        for (dataset_i, model_class_i, config_i) in all_tasks:
+        for dataset_i, model_class_i, config_i in all_tasks:
             config_n = json.dumps(config_i).replace("'", '"')
             model_name_i = model_class_i.__name__
 
diff --git a/conftest.py b/conftest.py
index 1606c8ecb..6326ddd1a 100644
--- a/conftest.py
+++ b/conftest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """PyTest configuration file."""
+
 import hashlib
 import json
 import random
diff --git a/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt b/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt
index 1def4a274..d0f5eec75 100644
--- a/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt
+++ b/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jsonpickle, 3.0.4, BSD License
 mpmath, 1.3.0, BSD License
 networkx, 3.1, BSD License
 numpy, 1.23.5, BSD License
-onnx, 1.16.0, Apache License v2.0
+onnx, 1.15.0, Apache License v2.0
 onnxconverter-common, 1.13.0, MIT License
 onnxmltools, 1.11.0, Apache Software License
 onnxoptimizer, 0.3.13, Apache License v2.0
diff --git a/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt.md5 b/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt.md5
index 71e76d1fb..5ec742f86 100644
--- a/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt.md5
+++ b/deps_licenses/licenses_mac_silicon_user.txt.md5
@@ -1 +1 @@
-6a81dc377a7c438d85a5f2200ecc6a76
+180ea2b3232d89fc71be20d1707620b4
diff --git a/docker/release_resources/sanity_check.py b/docker/release_resources/sanity_check.py
index 4daab741d..221ef1fc6 100644
--- a/docker/release_resources/sanity_check.py
+++ b/docker/release_resources/sanity_check.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Sanity checks, to be sure that our package is usable"""
+
 import argparse
 import random
 import shutil
diff --git a/docs/advanced_examples/KNearestNeighbors.ipynb b/docs/advanced_examples/KNearestNeighbors.ipynb
index 8ce433c35..6f6e6ed20 100644
--- a/docs/advanced_examples/KNearestNeighbors.ipynb
+++ b/docs/advanced_examples/KNearestNeighbors.ipynb
@@ -392,9 +392,11 @@
     "def highlight_diff(row):\n",
     "    \"\"\"Custom style function to highlight mismatched predictions.\"\"\"\n",
     "    return [\n",
-    "        \"background-color: yellow\"\n",
-    "        if row[\"Majority vote (Concrete ML)\"] != row[\"Majority vote (scikit-learn)\"]\n",
-    "        else \"\"\n",
+    "        (\n",
+    "            \"background-color: yellow\"\n",
+    "            if row[\"Majority vote (Concrete ML)\"] != row[\"Majority vote (scikit-learn)\"]\n",
+    "            else \"\"\n",
+    "        )\n",
     "    ] * len(row)\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index e0eb876a5..dd89d298a 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -379,18 +379,18 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "backports-tarfile"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.1.0"
 description = "Backport of CPython tarfile module"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "backports.tarfile-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bcd36290d9684beb524d3fe74f4a2db056824c47746583f090b8e55daf0776e4"},
-    {file = "backports.tarfile-1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2688f159c21afd56a07b75f01306f9f52c79aebcc5f4a117fb8fbb4445352c75"},
+    {file = "backports.tarfile-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b2f4df351db942d094db94588bbf2c6938697a5f190f44c934acc697da56008b"},
+    {file = "backports_tarfile-1.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:91d59138ea401ee2a95e8b839c1e2f51f3e9ca76bdba8b6a29f8d773564686a8"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
 docs = ["furo", "jaraco.packaging (>=9.3)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "sphinx (>=3.5)", "sphinx-lint"]
-testing = ["pytest (>=6,!=8.1.1)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=2.2)"]
+testing = ["jaraco.test", "pytest (>=6,!=8.1.1)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=2.2)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "beautifulsoup4"
@@ -3887,46 +3887,40 @@ signedtoken = ["cryptography (>=3.0.0)", "pyjwt (>=2.0.0,<3)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "onnx"
-version = "1.16.0"
+version = "1.15.0"
 description = "Open Neural Network Exchange"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:9eadbdce25b19d6216f426d6d99b8bc877a65ed92cbef9707751c6669190ba4f"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_15_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:034ae21a2aaa2e9c14119a840d2926d213c27aad29e5e3edaa30145a745048e1"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:ec22a43d74eb1f2303373e2fbe7fbcaa45fb225f4eb146edfed1356ada7a9aea"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:298f28a2b5ac09145fa958513d3d1e6b349ccf86a877dbdcccad57713fe360b3"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp310-cp310-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:66300197b52beca08bc6262d43c103289c5d45fde43fb51922ed1eb83658cf0c"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:ae0029f5e47bf70a1a62e7f88c80bca4ef39b844a89910039184221775df5e43"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:f51179d4af3372b4f3800c558d204b592c61e4b4a18b8f61e0eea7f46211221a"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_15_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:5202559070afec5144332db216c20f2fff8323cf7f6512b0ca11b215eacc5bf3"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:77579e7c15b4df39d29465b216639a5f9b74026bdd9e4b6306cd19a32dcfe67c"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:0e60ca76ac24b65c25860d0f2d2cdd96d6320d062a01dd8ce87c5743603789b8"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp311-cp311-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:81b4ee01bc554e8a2b11ac6439882508a5377a1c6b452acd69a1eebb83571117"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:7449241e70b847b9c3eb8dae622df8c1b456d11032a9d7e26e0ee8a698d5bf86"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:03a627488b1a9975d95d6a55582af3e14c7f3bb87444725b999935ddd271d352"},
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-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:0efeb46985de08f0efe758cb54ad3457e821a05c2eaf5ba2ccb8cd1602c08084"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:ddf14a3d32234f23e44abb73a755cb96a423fac7f004e8f046f36b10214151ee"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp312-cp312-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:62a2e27ae8ba5fc9b4a2620301446a517b5ffaaf8566611de7a7c2160f5bcf4c"},
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-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp38-cp38-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:257858cbcb2055284f09fa2ae2b1cfd64f5850367da388d6e7e7b05920a40c90"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:209fe84995a28038e29ae8369edd35f33e0ef1ebc3bddbf6584629823469deb1"},
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-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_15_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:30f02beaf081c7d9fa3a8c566a912fc4408e28fc33b1452d58f890851691d364"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:7fb29a9a692b522deef1f6b8f2145da62c0c43ea1ed5b4c0f66f827fdc28847d"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:7755cbd5f4e47952e37276ea5978a46fc8346684392315902b5ed4a719d87d06"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:7532343dc5b8b5e7c3e3efa441a3100552f7600155c4db9120acd7574f64ffbf"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:d7886c05aa6d583ec42f6287678923c1e343afc4350e49d5b36a0023772ffa22"},
-    {file = "onnx-1.16.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:237c6987c6c59d9f44b6136f5819af79574f8d96a760a1fa843bede11f3822f7"},
-]
-
-[package.dependencies]
-numpy = ">=1.20"
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_12_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:51cacb6aafba308aaf462252ced562111f6991cdc7bc57a6c554c3519453a8ff"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:0aee26b6f7f7da7e840de75ad9195a77a147d0662c94eaa6483be13ba468ffc1"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:baf6ef6c93b3b843edb97a8d5b3d229a1301984f3f8dee859c29634d2083e6f9"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:96ed899fe6000edc05bb2828863d3841cfddd5a7cf04c1a771f112e94de75d9f"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp310-cp310-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:f1ad3d77fc2f4b4296f0ac2c8cadd8c1dcf765fc586b737462d3a0fe8f7c696a"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:ca4ebc4f47109bfb12c8c9e83dd99ec5c9f07d2e5f05976356c6ccdce3552010"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_12_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:233ffdb5ca8cc2d960b10965a763910c0830b64b450376da59207f454701f343"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:51fa79c9ea9af033638ec51f9177b8e76c55fad65bb83ea96ee88fafade18ee7"},
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+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:d8a7c94d2ebead8f739fdb70d1ce5a71726f4e17b3e5b8ad64455ea1b2801a85"},
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+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:60a3e28747e305cd2e766e6a53a0a6d952cf9e72005ec6023ce5e07666676a4e"},
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+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:b2b0e7f3938f2d994c34616bfb8b4b1cebbc4a0398483344fe5e9f2fe95175e6"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:49cebebd0020a4b12c1dd0909d426631212ef28606d7e4d49463d36abe7639ad"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp38-cp38-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:1fdf8a3ff75abc2b32c83bf27fb7c18d6b976c9c537263fadd82b9560fe186fa"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:763e55c26e8de3a2dce008d55ae81b27fa8fb4acbb01a29b9f3c01f200c4d676"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_12_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:b2d5e802837629fc9c86f19448d19dd04d206578328bce202aeb3d4bedab43c4"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:9a9cfbb5e5d5d88f89d0dfc9df5fb858899db874e1d5ed21e76c481f3cafc90d"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:3f472bbe5cb670a0a4a4db08f41fde69b187a009d0cb628f964840d3f83524e9"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:2bf2de9bef64792e5b8080c678023ac7d2b9e05d79a3e17e92cf6a4a624831d2"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:ef4d9eb44b111e69e4534f3233fc2c13d1e26920d24ae4359d513bd54694bc6d"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:95d7a3e2d79d371e272e39ae3f7547e0b116d0c7f774a4004e97febe6c93507f"},
+    {file = "onnx-1.15.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b18461a7d38f286618ca2a6e78062a2a9c634ce498e631e708a8041b00094825"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+numpy = "*"
 protobuf = ">=3.20.2"
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -7613,4 +7607,4 @@ testing = ["big-O", "jaraco.functools", "jaraco.itertools", "more-itertools", "p
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = ">=3.8.1,<3.11"
-content-hash = "4cfb9366319177b7a2c4f692b6d9ac4570d798f935e56ae8f0b3a56f2ecc218e"
+content-hash = "0bdd58e03389819d8a074956b4a14f1e2c22541697d64c17276c432313295cc5"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 638718fbd..ee555f863 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -42,11 +42,13 @@ skorch = "0.11.0"
 torch = "1.13.1"
 typing-extensions = "4.5.0"
 brevitas = "0.8.0"
+onnx = "1.15.0"
 onnxoptimizer = "0.3.13"
+# onnxruntime versions supported by onnx versions and opsets can be found here : 
+# https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/reference/compatibility.html#onnx-opset-support
 onnxruntime = "1.17.3"
 hummingbird-ml = {version="0.4.8", extras = ["onnx"]}
 scikit-learn = "1.1.3"
-onnx = "1.16.0"
 scipy = "1.10.1"
 numpy = "1.23.5"
 protobuf = "3.20.3"
diff --git a/script/actions_utils/escape_quotes.py b/script/actions_utils/escape_quotes.py
index e039675e2..aab5e6cb5 100644
--- a/script/actions_utils/escape_quotes.py
+++ b/script/actions_utils/escape_quotes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Script to escape double quotes within brackets or curly braces."""
+
 import argparse
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Escape double quotes in a string")
diff --git a/script/actions_utils/generate_scripts_benchmark.py b/script/actions_utils/generate_scripts_benchmark.py
index aa650e73b..b9fc97a1b 100644
--- a/script/actions_utils/generate_scripts_benchmark.py
+++ b/script/actions_utils/generate_scripts_benchmark.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Script to generate the list of commands to run all benchmarks"""
+
 import argparse
 import datetime
 import json
diff --git a/script/actions_utils/json_length.py b/script/actions_utils/json_length.py
index 3a8ba7f7f..e9998a499 100644
--- a/script/actions_utils/json_length.py
+++ b/script/actions_utils/json_length.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Script to evaluate the length of a json file"""
+
 import argparse
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/script/actions_utils/monitor.py b/script/actions_utils/monitor.py
index 37f8765e1..df6e1b8e7 100644
--- a/script/actions_utils/monitor.py
+++ b/script/actions_utils/monitor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Module to generate figure of evolution of Concrete ML-CI time on main for last 4 weeks."""
+
 import argparse
 import datetime
 import json
diff --git a/script/actions_utils/pytest_failed_test_report.py b/script/actions_utils/pytest_failed_test_report.py
index 7483e3902..db24dc052 100755
--- a/script/actions_utils/pytest_failed_test_report.py
+++ b/script/actions_utils/pytest_failed_test_report.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Pytest JSON report on failed tests utils."""
+
 import argparse
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/script/actions_utils/refresh_notebooks_list.py b/script/actions_utils/refresh_notebooks_list.py
index 068e10828..0ad74f75c 100644
--- a/script/actions_utils/refresh_notebooks_list.py
+++ b/script/actions_utils/refresh_notebooks_list.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Update the list of available notebooks for the refresh_one_notebook GitHib action."""
+
 import argparse
 from pathlib import Path
 
diff --git a/script/actions_utils/run_commands.py b/script/actions_utils/run_commands.py
index e70545d0e..561f134eb 100644
--- a/script/actions_utils/run_commands.py
+++ b/script/actions_utils/run_commands.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Script to run commands from a json file"""
+
 import argparse
 import json
 import subprocess
diff --git a/script/doc_utils/gen_supported_ops.py b/script/doc_utils/gen_supported_ops.py
index df854dd8b..da93556e0 100644
--- a/script/doc_utils/gen_supported_ops.py
+++ b/script/doc_utils/gen_supported_ops.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Update list of supported functions in the doc."""
+
 import argparse
 from pathlib import Path
 
diff --git a/script/make_utils/actionlint_check_with_whitelists.py b/script/make_utils/actionlint_check_with_whitelists.py
index 88fe5c65c..e7d3be9be 100644
--- a/script/make_utils/actionlint_check_with_whitelists.py
+++ b/script/make_utils/actionlint_check_with_whitelists.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """ Check an actionlint log against some whitelists """
+
 import sys
 from typing import Set
 
diff --git a/script/make_utils/check_headers.py b/script/make_utils/check_headers.py
index a8edfa628..2cb6f7cba 100644
--- a/script/make_utils/check_headers.py
+++ b/script/make_utils/check_headers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Check that headers linked do indeed exist in target markdown files"""
+
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
diff --git a/script/make_utils/check_issues.py b/script/make_utils/check_issues.py
index 137a5d445..33e5e1d97 100644
--- a/script/make_utils/check_issues.py
+++ b/script/make_utils/check_issues.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Check linked github issues states"""
+
 import json
 import re
 import subprocess
diff --git a/script/nbmake_utils/notebook_finalize.py b/script/nbmake_utils/notebook_finalize.py
index 8f9275811..250e08c4c 100644
--- a/script/nbmake_utils/notebook_finalize.py
+++ b/script/nbmake_utils/notebook_finalize.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Finalize Jupyter notebooks."""
+
 import argparse
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/src/concrete/__init__.py b/src/concrete/__init__.py
index 18d9e7759..2a31e077a 100644
--- a/src/concrete/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Top level import."""
+
 # Do not modify, this is to have a compatible namespace package
 # https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/packaging-namespace-packages/
 # #pkg-resources-style-namespace-packages
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/__init__.py
index 2abb9511b..a6471e854 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Module for shared data structures and code."""
+
 from . import check_inputs, debugging, utils
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/__init__.py
index 39f44a259..d05956f03 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Module for debugging."""
+
 from .custom_assert import assert_false, assert_not_reached, assert_true
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/custom_assert.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/custom_assert.py
index dfb62a4c6..d66e46cd7 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/custom_assert.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/debugging/custom_assert.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide some variants of assert."""
+
 from typing import Type
 
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/__init__.py
index ee71e9136..7deb2e158 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Serialization module."""
+
 import os
 
 from torch.nn.modules import activation
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/decoder.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/decoder.py
index c02995e02..f4ca08311 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/decoder.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/decoder.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Custom decoder for serialization."""
+
 import inspect
 import json
 from typing import Any, Dict, Type
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/dumpers.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/dumpers.py
index f5c53d143..0c8b8f21a 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/dumpers.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/dumpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Dump functions for serialization."""
+
 import json
 from typing import Any, TextIO
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/encoder.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/encoder.py
index bb8f396d2..b84d35987 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/encoder.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/encoder.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Custom encoder for serialization."""
+
 import inspect
 import json
 from json.encoder import _make_iterencode  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/loaders.py b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/loaders.py
index 224f73eab..d312dcf4f 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/loaders.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/common/serialization/loaders.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Load functions for serialization."""
+
 import json
 from typing import IO, Any, Union
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/deployment/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/deployment/__init__.py
index 9aaa966e8..0099031fb 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/deployment/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/deployment/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Module for deployment of the FHE model."""
+
 from .fhe_client_server import FHEModelClient, FHEModelDev, FHEModelServer
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/deployment/utils.py b/src/concrete/ml/deployment/utils.py
index 5829b34cb..30d241029 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/deployment/utils.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/deployment/utils.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 - Check if connection possible
 - Wait for connection to be available (with timeout)
 """
+
 import subprocess
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/onnx/onnx_utils.py b/src/concrete/ml/onnx/onnx_utils.py
index 60a8cb02c..81091cd86 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/onnx/onnx_utils.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/onnx/onnx_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Utils to interpret an ONNX model with numpy."""
+
 # Utils to interpret an ONNX model with numpy.
 
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/__init__.py
index f54414f3f..179f03991 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Public API for encrypted data-frames."""
+
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Hashable, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_development.py b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_development.py
index 01e5f755d..ab5e3801f 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_development.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_development.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Define development methods for generating client/server files."""
+
 import itertools
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_operators.py b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_operators.py
index 4e8db613a..432bcf491 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_operators.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_operators.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement Pandas operators in FHE using encrypted data-frames."""
+
 from typing import Any, Dict, Hashable, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_processing.py b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_processing.py
index 056b3c966..f77a97952 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_processing.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_processing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Define pre-processing and post-processing steps for encrypted data-frames."""
+
 import copy
 from collections import defaultdict
 from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_utils.py b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_utils.py
index 2c7a6b7f6..388c9fc60 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_utils.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Define utility functions for encrypted data-frames."""
+
 import functools
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/client_engine.py b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/client_engine.py
index 37e625119..98fd5cbbe 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/client_engine.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/client_engine.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Define the framework used for managing keys (encrypt, decrypt) for encrypted data-frames."""
+
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional, Union
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/dataframe.py b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/dataframe.py
index d4716702d..18746836b 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pandas/dataframe.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pandas/dataframe.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Define the encrypted data-frame framework."""
+
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Dict, Hashable, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pytest/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/pytest/__init__.py
index 577895a2b..76047a2ce 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pytest/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pytest/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Module which is used to contain common functions for pytest."""
+
 from . import torch_models, utils
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pytest/torch_models.py b/src/concrete/ml/pytest/torch_models.py
index d2b41e4d9..cb87f4bf6 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pytest/torch_models.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pytest/torch_models.py
@@ -867,9 +867,7 @@ def __init__(self, input_output, activation_function, n_bits=2, disable_bit_chec
         n_bits_weights = n_bits
 
         # Generate the pattern 0, 1, ..., 2^N-1, 0, 1, .. 2^N-1, 0, 1..
-        all_weights = numpy.mod(
-            numpy.arange(numpy.prod(self.fc1.weight.shape)), 2**n_bits_weights
-        )
+        all_weights = numpy.mod(numpy.arange(numpy.prod(self.fc1.weight.shape)), 2**n_bits_weights)
 
         # Shuffle the pattern and reshape to weight shape
         numpy.random.shuffle(all_weights)
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/pytest/utils.py b/src/concrete/ml/pytest/utils.py
index 6ab70488e..f97a34719 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/pytest/utils.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/pytest/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Common functions or lists for test files, which can't be put in fixtures."""
+
 import copy
 import io
 from functools import partial
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/__init__.py
index f9c94793e..b248e4db4 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Modules for quantization."""
+
 from .base_quantized_op import QuantizedOp
 from .post_training import (
     PostTrainingAffineQuantization,
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/base_quantized_op.py b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/base_quantized_op.py
index 31c3df90b..903fc4767 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/base_quantized_op.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/base_quantized_op.py
@@ -237,14 +237,14 @@ def dump_dict(self) -> Dict:
         metadata["_input_idx_to_params_name"] = self._input_idx_to_params_name
         metadata["_params_that_are_onnx_inputs"] = self._params_that_are_onnx_inputs
         metadata["_params_that_are_onnx_var_inputs"] = self._params_that_are_onnx_var_inputs
-        metadata[
-            "_params_that_are_required_onnx_inputs"
-        ] = self._params_that_are_required_onnx_inputs
+        metadata["_params_that_are_required_onnx_inputs"] = (
+            self._params_that_are_required_onnx_inputs
+        )
         metadata["_has_attr"] = self._has_attr
         metadata["_inputs_not_quantized"] = self._inputs_not_quantized
-        metadata[
-            "quantize_inputs_with_model_outputs_precision"
-        ] = self.quantize_inputs_with_model_outputs_precision
+        metadata["quantize_inputs_with_model_outputs_precision"] = (
+            self.quantize_inputs_with_model_outputs_precision
+        )
         metadata["produces_graph_output"] = self.produces_graph_output
         metadata["produces_raw_output"] = self.produces_raw_output
         metadata["error_tracker"] = self.error_tracker
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/qat_quantizers.py b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/qat_quantizers.py
index 36a916546..a3705966c 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/qat_quantizers.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/qat_quantizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Custom Quantization Aware Training Brevitas quantizers."""
+
 from brevitas.quant.scaled_int import (
     IntQuant,
     MaxStatsScaling,
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module.py b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module.py
index 07635c60f..3b61ac816 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """QuantizedModule API."""
+
 import copy
 import re
 from functools import partial
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ def set_reduce_sum_copy(self):
         to copy the inputs with a PBS to avoid it.
         """
         assert self.quant_layers_dict is not None
-        for (_, quantized_op) in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
+        for _, quantized_op in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
             if isinstance(quantized_op, QuantizedReduceSum):
                 quantized_op.copy_inputs = True
 
@@ -369,10 +370,10 @@ def forward(
             debug_value_tracker: Dict[
                 str, Dict[Union[int, str], Optional[ONNXOpInputOutputType]]
             ] = {}
-            for (_, layer) in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
+            for _, layer in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
                 layer.debug_value_tracker = debug_value_tracker
             q_y_pred = self.quantized_forward(*q_x, fhe="disable")
-            for (_, layer) in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
+            for _, layer in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
                 layer.debug_value_tracker = None
             # De-quantize the output predicted values
             y_pred = self.dequantize_output(*to_tuple(q_y_pred))
@@ -767,7 +768,7 @@ def bitwidth_and_range_report(
             return None
 
         op_names_to_report: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[Tuple[int, ...], int]]] = {}
-        for (_, op_inst) in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
+        for _, op_inst in self.quant_layers_dict.values():
             # Get the value range of this tag and all its subtags
             # The potential tags for this op start with the op instance name
             # and are, sometimes, followed by a subtag starting with a period:
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module_passes.py b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module_passes.py
index c4e6bfb95..4d5da2ab2 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module_passes.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantized_module_passes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Optimization passes for QuantizedModules."""
+
 from collections import defaultdict
 from typing import DefaultDict, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def compute_op_predecessors(self) -> PredecessorsType:
         # Initialize the list of predecessors with tensors that are graph inputs
         predecessors: PredecessorsType = defaultdict(list)
 
-        for (node_inputs, node_op) in self._qmodule.quant_layers_dict.values():
+        for node_inputs, node_op in self._qmodule.quant_layers_dict.values():
             # The first input node contains the encrypted data
             enc_input_node = node_inputs[0]
 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ def detect_patterns(self, predecessors: PredecessorsType) -> PatternDict:
         valid_paths: PatternDict = {}
 
         # pylint: disable-next=too-many-nested-blocks
-        for (_, node_op) in self._qmodule.quant_layers_dict.values():
+        for _, node_op in self._qmodule.quant_layers_dict.values():
             # Only work with supported nodes that have a single
             # encrypted input (not supporting enc x enc matmul)
             if (
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantizers.py b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantizers.py
index 6e194200b..280764543 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantizers.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/quantization/quantizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Quantization utilities for a numpy array/tensor."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-many-lines
 from __future__ import annotations
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/__init__.py
index 4ecfbdcec..2ed29ce06 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Modules for `p_error` search."""
+
 from .p_error_search import BinarySearch
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/p_error_search.py b/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/p_error_search.py
index d0e9ce4ed..148413533 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/p_error_search.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/search_parameters/p_error_search.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 
 If we don't reach the convergence, a user warning is raised.
 """
+
 import warnings
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -478,9 +479,11 @@ def run(
             self.history.append(
                 OrderedDict(
                     {
-                        k: sum((d[k] for d in simulation_data), [])
-                        if isinstance(simulation_data[0][k], list)
-                        else simulation_data[0][k]
+                        k: (
+                            sum((d[k] for d in simulation_data), [])
+                            if isinstance(simulation_data[0][k], list)
+                            else simulation_data[0][k]
+                        )
                         for k in simulation_data[0]
                     }
                 )
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/__init__.py
index 3144d8d43..83acbf91c 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Import sklearn models."""
+
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from ..common.debugging.custom_assert import assert_true
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/base.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/base.py
index d13da2394..cf8a8e3e1 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/base.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Base classes for all estimators."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import copy
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/glm.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/glm.py
index f82d5f257..1d8233093 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/glm.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/glm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement sklearn's Generalized Linear Models (GLM)."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import abstractmethod
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/linear_model.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/linear_model.py
index afd02991d..45218849c 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/linear_model.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/linear_model.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement sklearn linear model."""
+
 import itertools
 import time
 import warnings
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/neighbors.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/neighbors.py
index e4101eeef..727529419 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/neighbors.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/neighbors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement sklearn neighbors model."""
+
 from typing import Any, Dict, Union
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/qnn_module.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/qnn_module.py
index 6c63cb92c..cadc9e542 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/qnn_module.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/qnn_module.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Sparse Quantized Neural Network torch module."""
+
 from typing import Set, Type
 
 import brevitas.nn as qnn
@@ -112,9 +113,9 @@ def __init__(
                 weight_narrow_range=quant_narrow,
                 narrow_range=quant_narrow,
                 signed=quant_signed,
-                weight_quant=Int8WeightPerTensorPoT
-                if power_of_two_scaling
-                else Int8WeightPerTensorFloat,
+                weight_quant=(
+                    Int8WeightPerTensorPoT if power_of_two_scaling else Int8WeightPerTensorFloat
+                ),
             )
 
             self.features.add_module(quant_name, quantizer)
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/rf.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/rf.py
index f4521bf06..e9c119c19 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/rf.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/rf.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement RandomForest models."""
+
 from typing import Any, Dict, Union
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/svm.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/svm.py
index 1636a0061..509500b3f 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/svm.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/svm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement Support Vector Machine."""
+
 from typing import Any, Dict
 
 import sklearn.svm
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree.py
index b496d4e47..42965cdce 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement DecisionTree models."""
+
 from typing import Any, Dict, Union
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree_to_numpy.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree_to_numpy.py
index b50944319..14f4ab732 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree_to_numpy.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/tree_to_numpy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implements the conversion of a tree model to a numpy function."""
+
 import math
 import warnings
 from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/xgb.py b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/xgb.py
index 8f3925fd7..b1c2f403e 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/xgb.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/sklearn/xgb.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implements XGBoost models."""
+
 import platform
 import warnings
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/torch/__init__.py b/src/concrete/ml/torch/__init__.py
index 1071631be..0f1620f65 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/torch/__init__.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/torch/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 """Modules for torch to numpy conversion."""
+
 from .numpy_module import NumpyModule
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/torch/numpy_module.py b/src/concrete/ml/torch/numpy_module.py
index 0387140bf..ca94dab12 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/torch/numpy_module.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/torch/numpy_module.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """A torch to numpy module."""
+
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union
 
diff --git a/src/concrete/ml/version.py b/src/concrete/ml/version.py
index 2829fbfe5..97a575f9e 100644
--- a/src/concrete/ml/version.py
+++ b/src/concrete/ml/version.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 """File to manage the version of the package."""
+
 # Auto-generated by "make set_version" do not modify
 __version__ = "1.5.0"
diff --git a/tests/common/test_custom_assert.py b/tests/common/test_custom_assert.py
index 32ddfa245..9b356427e 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_custom_assert.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_custom_assert.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test custom assert functions."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from concrete.ml.common.debugging.custom_assert import assert_false, assert_not_reached, assert_true
diff --git a/tests/common/test_pbs_error_probability_settings.py b/tests/common/test_pbs_error_probability_settings.py
index 1eb874800..85e4128bd 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_pbs_error_probability_settings.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_pbs_error_probability_settings.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the sklearn linear models."""
+
 import warnings
 from inspect import signature
 
diff --git a/tests/common/test_serialization.py b/tests/common/test_serialization.py
index a38fb80a4..a39adfc03 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_serialization.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_serialization.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 Here we test the custom dump(s)/load(s) functions for all supported objects. We also check that
 serializing unsupported object types properly throws an error.
 """
+
 import inspect
 import io
 import warnings
diff --git a/tests/common/test_similarity_score.py b/tests/common/test_similarity_score.py
index 9b5559458..efc82e313 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_similarity_score.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_similarity_score.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the r2 score test """
+
 import numpy
 import pytest
 
diff --git a/tests/common/test_skearn_model_lists.py b/tests/common/test_skearn_model_lists.py
index 306210982..7edaf77d0 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_skearn_model_lists.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_skearn_model_lists.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests lists of models in Concrete ML."""
+
 from concrete.ml.pytest.utils import MODELS_AND_DATASETS, UNIQUE_MODELS_AND_DATASETS
 from concrete.ml.sklearn import (
     _get_sklearn_all_models,
diff --git a/tests/common/test_utils.py b/tests/common/test_utils.py
index f94838f4e..6c0573938 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test utils functions."""
+
 import numpy
 import pandas
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/common/test_version.py b/tests/common/test_version.py
index c2d57bc98..b036d07ad 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_version.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_version.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Testing the version of the package"""
+
 import concrete
 from concrete import ml
 
diff --git a/tests/deployment/test_deployment.py b/tests/deployment/test_deployment.py
index 3567363fc..3e215e1e5 100644
--- a/tests/deployment/test_deployment.py
+++ b/tests/deployment/test_deployment.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test deployment."""
+
 import io
 import time
 import uuid
diff --git a/tests/onnx/test_onnx_ops_impl.py b/tests/onnx/test_onnx_ops_impl.py
index fcb029d1d..42922d9c2 100644
--- a/tests/onnx/test_onnx_ops_impl.py
+++ b/tests/onnx/test_onnx_ops_impl.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test custom assert functions."""
+
 import numpy
 import pytest
 
diff --git a/tests/pandas/test_pandas.py b/tests/pandas/test_pandas.py
index 805359e84..8a5084135 100644
--- a/tests/pandas/test_pandas.py
+++ b/tests/pandas/test_pandas.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests the encrypted data-frame API abd its coherence with Pandas"""
+
 import re
 import shutil
 import tempfile
diff --git a/tests/pytest/test_pytest_utils.py b/tests/pytest/test_pytest_utils.py
index df4a6ccf4..503dad5c4 100644
--- a/tests/pytest/test_pytest_utils.py
+++ b/tests/pytest/test_pytest_utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test pytest utility functions."""
+
 import numpy
 import pytest
 from numpy.random import RandomState
diff --git a/tests/quantization/test_compilation.py b/tests/quantization/test_compilation.py
index e482a57b3..46e8569b6 100644
--- a/tests/quantization/test_compilation.py
+++ b/tests/quantization/test_compilation.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test Neural Networks compilations"""
+
 import numpy
 import onnx
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/quantization/test_quantized_module.py b/tests/quantization/test_quantized_module.py
index 75f65ca2a..0599dcad0 100644
--- a/tests/quantization/test_quantized_module.py
+++ b/tests/quantization/test_quantized_module.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the quantized module."""
+
 from functools import partial
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/tests/quantization/test_quantizers.py b/tests/quantization/test_quantizers.py
index c682c0e84..abafc4437 100644
--- a/tests/quantization/test_quantizers.py
+++ b/tests/quantization/test_quantizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the quantized array/tensors."""
+
 import numpy
 import pytest
 
diff --git a/tests/seeding/test_seeding.py b/tests/seeding/test_seeding.py
index 57fd4ad52..49450b276 100644
--- a/tests/seeding/test_seeding.py
+++ b/tests/seeding/test_seeding.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the torch to numpy module."""
+
 import inspect
 import random
 import warnings
diff --git a/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_a.py b/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_a.py
index 8bbac1bab..feeffedee 100644
--- a/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_a.py
+++ b/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_a.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the torch to numpy module."""
+
 import random
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_b.py b/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_b.py
index 8bbac1bab..feeffedee 100644
--- a/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_b.py
+++ b/tests/seeding/test_seeding_system_file_b.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the torch to numpy module."""
+
 import random
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/tests/sklearn/test_common.py b/tests/sklearn/test_common.py
index 7b70e9cba..4f7889878 100644
--- a/tests/sklearn/test_common.py
+++ b/tests/sklearn/test_common.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests common to all sklearn models."""
+
 import inspect
 import warnings
 
diff --git a/tests/sklearn/test_fhe_training.py b/tests/sklearn/test_fhe_training.py
index eee4c9281..5bab26079 100644
--- a/tests/sklearn/test_fhe_training.py
+++ b/tests/sklearn/test_fhe_training.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests training in FHE."""
+
 import re
 import warnings
 
diff --git a/tests/sklearn/test_qnn.py b/tests/sklearn/test_qnn.py
index 89f190184..e0123c06f 100644
--- a/tests/sklearn/test_qnn.py
+++ b/tests/sklearn/test_qnn.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the FHE sklearn compatible NNs."""
+
 from copy import deepcopy
 from itertools import product
 
@@ -566,7 +567,7 @@ def test_power_of_two_scaling(
 
     # Count the number of patterns that were optimized with roundPBS
     num_round_pbs_layers = 0
-    for (_, node_op) in model.quantized_module_.quant_layers_dict.values():
+    for _, node_op in model.quantized_module_.quant_layers_dict.values():
         if isinstance(node_op, QuantizedMixingOp):
             num_round_pbs_layers += 1 if node_op.rounding_threshold_bits is not None else 0
             lsbs_to_remove = (
@@ -616,7 +617,7 @@ def test_power_of_two_scaling(
         # Remove rounding in the network to perform inference without the optimization.
         # We expect a network that was optimized with the power-of-two adapter
         # to be exactly correct to the non-optimized one
-        for (_, node_op) in model.quantized_module_.quant_layers_dict.values():
+        for _, node_op in model.quantized_module_.quant_layers_dict.values():
             if isinstance(node_op, QuantizedMixingOp):
                 node_op.rounding_threshold_bits = None
                 node_op.lsbs_to_remove = None
diff --git a/tests/torch/test_brevitas_qat.py b/tests/torch/test_brevitas_qat.py
index cf6f70c7e..1c24d4ec5 100644
--- a/tests/torch/test_brevitas_qat.py
+++ b/tests/torch/test_brevitas_qat.py
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ def test_brevitas_power_of_two(
     pot_should_be_applied = not manual_rounding and power_of_two
     # Count the number of patterns that were optimized with roundPBS
     num_round_pbs_layers = 0
-    for (_, node_op) in quantized_module.quant_layers_dict.values():
+    for _, node_op in quantized_module.quant_layers_dict.values():
         if isinstance(node_op, QuantizedMixingOp):
             num_round_pbs_layers += 1 if node_op.rounding_threshold_bits is not None else 0
             if pot_should_be_applied:
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ def test_brevitas_power_of_two(
     # Remove rounding in the network to perform inference without the optimization.
     # We expect a network that was optimized with the power-of-two adapter
     # to be exactly correct to the non-optimized one
-    for (_, node_op) in quantized_module.quant_layers_dict.values():
+    for _, node_op in quantized_module.quant_layers_dict.values():
         if isinstance(node_op, QuantizedMixingOp):
             node_op.rounding_threshold_bits = None
             node_op.lsbs_to_remove = None
diff --git a/tests/torch/test_compile_keras.py b/tests/torch/test_compile_keras.py
index 8bf4b065b..257d4c11d 100644
--- a/tests/torch/test_compile_keras.py
+++ b/tests/torch/test_compile_keras.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for Keras models (by conversion to ONNX)."""
+
 import tempfile
 import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/tests/torch/test_compile_torch.py b/tests/torch/test_compile_torch.py
index 8a66434f1..16770c88c 100644
--- a/tests/torch/test_compile_torch.py
+++ b/tests/torch/test_compile_torch.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the torch to numpy module."""
+
 # pylint: disable=too-many-lines
 import io
 import tempfile
diff --git a/tests/torch/test_torch_to_numpy.py b/tests/torch/test_torch_to_numpy.py
index ab33153b9..1b121d1b0 100644
--- a/tests/torch/test_torch_to_numpy.py
+++ b/tests/torch/test_torch_to_numpy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the torch to numpy module."""
+
 from functools import partial
 
 import numpy
diff --git a/tests/torch/test_training.py b/tests/torch/test_training.py
index d0ff304ee..2c01f2c21 100644
--- a/tests/torch/test_training.py
+++ b/tests/torch/test_training.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for FHE training."""
+
 import numpy
 import torch
 from sklearn import datasets
diff --git a/tests/virtual_lib/test_virtual_lib.py b/tests/virtual_lib/test_virtual_lib.py
index 47d73ebb5..7fad61e5e 100644
--- a/tests/virtual_lib/test_virtual_lib.py
+++ b/tests/virtual_lib/test_virtual_lib.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test file for FHE simulation specific tests."""
+
 import numpy
 from concrete.fhe.compilation.circuit import Circuit
 from concrete.fhe.compilation.compiler import Compiler
diff --git a/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_finetuning/cifar_utils.py b/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_finetuning/cifar_utils.py
index 6136a0c22..56c2397c0 100644
--- a/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_finetuning/cifar_utils.py
+++ b/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_finetuning/cifar_utils.py
@@ -416,7 +416,6 @@ def torch_inference(
     device: str = "cpu",
     verbose: bool = False,
 ) -> float:
-
     """Returns the `top_k` accuracy.
 
     Args:
@@ -465,7 +464,6 @@ def fhe_compatibility(model: Callable, data: DataLoader) -> Callable:
 
 
 def mapping_keys(pre_trained_weights: Dict, model: nn.Module, device: str) -> nn.Module:
-
     """
     Initialize the quantized model with pre-trained fp32 weights.
 
diff --git a/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_training/evaluate_torch_cml.py b/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_training/evaluate_torch_cml.py
index dd5f158ac..d3e2e8b00 100644
--- a/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_training/evaluate_torch_cml.py
+++ b/use_case_examples/cifar/cifar_brevitas_training/evaluate_torch_cml.py
@@ -118,9 +118,11 @@ def main(args):
             input_set,
             n_bits={"model_inputs": 8, "model_outputs": 8},
             configuration=cfg,
-            rounding_threshold_bits={"n_bits": rounding_threshold_bits, "method": "EXACT"}
-            if rounding_threshold_bits is not None
-            else None,
+            rounding_threshold_bits=(
+                {"n_bits": rounding_threshold_bits, "method": "EXACT"}
+                if rounding_threshold_bits is not None
+                else None
+            ),
         )
 
         # Print max bit-width in the circuit
diff --git a/use_case_examples/deployment/breast_cancer_builtin/client.py b/use_case_examples/deployment/breast_cancer_builtin/client.py
index d8ad52bb9..fa2c79af5 100644
--- a/use_case_examples/deployment/breast_cancer_builtin/client.py
+++ b/use_case_examples/deployment/breast_cancer_builtin/client.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
     - Collect the data and decrypt it
     - De-quantize the decrypted results
 """
+
 import io
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/client.py b/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/client.py
index 2b2cdbf51..a35d669bb 100644
--- a/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/client.py
+++ b/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/client.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
     - Collect the data and decrypt it
     - De-quantize the decrypted results
 """
+
 import io
 import os
 import sys
diff --git a/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/compile.py b/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/compile.py
index f7b5eac83..dc7579d41 100644
--- a/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/compile.py
+++ b/use_case_examples/deployment/cifar_8_bit/compile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Load torch model, compiles it to FHE and exports it"""
+
 import sys
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/use_case_examples/deployment/sentiment_analysis/train.py b/use_case_examples/deployment/sentiment_analysis/train.py
index 02624fa84..d396001d3 100644
--- a/use_case_examples/deployment/sentiment_analysis/train.py
+++ b/use_case_examples/deployment/sentiment_analysis/train.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Copy-pasted from use_case_examples/sentiment_analysis_with_transformer"""
+
 import os
 
 os.environ["TRANSFORMERS_CACHE"] = "./hf_cache"
diff --git a/use_case_examples/hybrid_model/infer_hybrid_llm_generate.py b/use_case_examples/hybrid_model/infer_hybrid_llm_generate.py
index f4a8d64d6..5591fa54e 100644
--- a/use_case_examples/hybrid_model/infer_hybrid_llm_generate.py
+++ b/use_case_examples/hybrid_model/infer_hybrid_llm_generate.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Showcase for the hybrid model converter."""
+
 import json
 import os
 import time