diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1fea849517..c5dd3641ba 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ jobs:
         scala: [2.12.18, 2.13.10, 3.3.0]
         java: [graal_21.1.0@11, temurin@8]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout current branch (full)
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
diff --git a/build.sbt b/build.sbt
index 4c2e7a58a1..d62810b04e 100644
--- a/build.sbt
+++ b/build.sbt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import BuildHelper._
 import Dependencies._
 import sbt.librarymanagement.ScalaArtifacts.isScala3
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
 
 val releaseDrafterVersion = "5"
 
@@ -101,6 +102,8 @@ inThisBuild(
   ),
 )
 
+ThisBuild / githubWorkflowBuildTimeout := Some(60.minutes)
+
 lazy val root = (project in file("."))
   .settings(stdSettings("zio-http-root"))
   .settings(publishSetting(false))
diff --git a/zio-http-testkit/src/main/scala/zio/http/TestChannel.scala b/zio-http-testkit/src/main/scala/zio/http/TestChannel.scala
index 8627d8b1d2..48d4911e5e 100644
--- a/zio-http-testkit/src/main/scala/zio/http/TestChannel.scala
+++ b/zio-http-testkit/src/main/scala/zio/http/TestChannel.scala
@@ -8,13 +8,15 @@ case class TestChannel(
   out: Queue[WebSocketChannelEvent],
   promise: Promise[Nothing, Unit],
 ) extends WebSocketChannel {
-  def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit]                    =
+  def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit]                                 =
     promise.await
-  def receive: Task[WebSocketChannelEvent]        =
+  def receive: Task[WebSocketChannelEvent]                     =
     in.take
-  def send(in: WebSocketChannelEvent): Task[Unit] =
+  def send(in: WebSocketChannelEvent): Task[Unit]              =
     out.offer(in).unit
-  def shutdown: UIO[Unit]                         =
+  def sendAll(in: Iterable[WebSocketChannelEvent]): Task[Unit] =
+    out.offerAll(in).unit
+  def shutdown: UIO[Unit]                                      =
     in.offer(ChannelEvent.Unregistered) *>
       out.offer(ChannelEvent.Unregistered) *>
       promise.succeed(()).unit
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Body.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Body.scala
index fd0fa9a930..5db47ac0d4 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Body.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Body.scala
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import java.nio.charset._
 import java.nio.file._
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.stream.ZStream
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ object Body {
   def fromMultipartForm(
     form: Form,
     specificBoundary: Boundary,
-  ): Body = {
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): Body = {
     val bytes = form.multipartBytes(specificBoundary)
 
     StreamBody(bytes, Some(MediaType.multipart.`form-data`), Some(specificBoundary))
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ object Body {
    */
   def fromMultipartFormUUID(
     form: Form,
-  ): UIO[Body] =
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Body] =
     form.multipartBytesUUID.map { case (boundary, bytes) =>
       StreamBody(bytes, Some(MediaType.multipart.`form-data`), Some(boundary))
     }
@@ -331,8 +332,8 @@ object Body {
       copy(mediaType = Some(newMediaType), boundary = boundary.orElse(newBoundary))
   }
 
-  private val zioEmptyArray = ZIO.succeed(Array.empty[Byte])
+  private val zioEmptyArray = ZIO.succeed(Array.empty[Byte])(Trace.empty)
 
-  private val zioEmptyChunk = ZIO.succeed(Chunk.empty[Byte])
+  private val zioEmptyChunk = ZIO.succeed(Chunk.empty[Byte])(Trace.empty)
 
 }
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Boundary.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Boundary.scala
index 4171e20db0..90993f0059 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Boundary.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Boundary.scala
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ package zio.http
 
 import java.nio.charset.Charset
 
-import zio.Chunk
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+import zio.{Chunk, Trace}
 
 /**
  * A multipart boundary, which consists of both the boundary and its charset.
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ object Boundary {
   def fromString(content: String, charset: Charset): Option[Boundary] =
     fromContent(Chunk.fromArray(content.getBytes(charset)), charset)
 
-  def randomUUID: zio.UIO[Boundary] =
+  def randomUUID(implicit trace: Trace): zio.UIO[Boundary] =
     zio.Random.nextUUID.map { id =>
       Boundary(s"(((${id.toString()})))")
     }
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Channel.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Channel.scala
index 9a4e405d0c..edfcb37f98 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Channel.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Channel.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package zio.http
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 /**
  * A `Channel` is an asynchronous communication channel that supports receiving
@@ -40,6 +41,11 @@ trait Channel[-In, +Out] { self =>
    */
   def send(in: In): Task[Unit]
 
+  /**
+   * Send all messages to the channel.
+   */
+  def sendAll(in: Iterable[In]): Task[Unit]
+
   /**
    * Shut down the channel.
    */
@@ -51,13 +57,15 @@ trait Channel[-In, +Out] { self =>
    */
   final def contramap[In2](f: In2 => In): Channel[In2, Out] =
     new Channel[In2, Out] {
-      def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit]  =
+      def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit]               =
         self.awaitShutdown
-      def receive: Task[Out]        =
+      def receive: Task[Out]                     =
         self.receive
-      def send(in: In2): Task[Unit] =
+      def send(in: In2): Task[Unit]              =
         self.send(f(in))
-      def shutdown: UIO[Unit]       =
+      def sendAll(in: Iterable[In2]): Task[Unit] =
+        self.sendAll(in.map(f))
+      def shutdown: UIO[Unit]                    =
         self.shutdown
     }
 
@@ -65,15 +73,17 @@ trait Channel[-In, +Out] { self =>
    * Constructs a new channel that automatically transforms messages received
    * from this channel using the specified function.
    */
-  final def map[Out2](f: Out => Out2): Channel[In, Out2] =
+  final def map[Out2](f: Out => Out2)(implicit trace: Trace): Channel[In, Out2] =
     new Channel[In, Out2] {
-      def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit] =
+      def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit]              =
         self.awaitShutdown
-      def receive: Task[Out2]      =
+      def receive: Task[Out2]                   =
         self.receive.map(f)
-      def send(in: In): Task[Unit] =
+      def send(in: In): Task[Unit]              =
         self.send(in)
-      def shutdown: UIO[Unit]      =
+      def sendAll(in: Iterable[In]): Task[Unit] =
+        self.sendAll(in)
+      def shutdown: UIO[Unit]                   =
         self.shutdown
     }
 
@@ -81,6 +91,6 @@ trait Channel[-In, +Out] { self =>
    * Reads all messages from the channel, handling them with the specified
    * function.
    */
-  final def receiveAll[Env](f: Out => ZIO[Env, Throwable, Any]): ZIO[Env, Throwable, Nothing] =
+  final def receiveAll[Env](f: Out => ZIO[Env, Throwable, Any])(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Throwable, Nothing] =
     receive.flatMap(f).forever
 }
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ClientDriver.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ClientDriver.scala
index 8908441800..48e2bdfe72 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ClientDriver.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ClientDriver.scala
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 package zio.http
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Promise, Scope, Trace, ZIO, ZLayer}
 
 import zio.http.ClientDriver.ChannelInterface
 import zio.http.netty.client.ChannelState
-
 trait ClientDriver {
   type Connection
 
@@ -46,11 +46,13 @@ object ClientDriver {
     def interrupt: ZIO[Any, Throwable, Unit]
   }
 
-  val shared: ZLayer[Driver, Throwable, ClientDriver] =
+  val shared: ZLayer[Driver, Throwable, ClientDriver] = {
+    implicit val trace: Trace = Trace.empty
     ZLayer.scoped {
       for {
         driver       <- ZIO.service[Driver]
         clientDriver <- driver.createClientDriver()
       } yield clientDriver
     }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/DnsResolver.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/DnsResolver.scala
index e8156cc2bb..7122d0726f 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/DnsResolver.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/DnsResolver.scala
@@ -20,17 +20,18 @@ import java.net.{InetAddress, UnknownHostException}
 import java.time.Instant
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 trait DnsResolver {
-  def resolve(host: String): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]]
+  def resolve(host: String)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]]
 }
 
 object DnsResolver {
-  def resolve(host: String): ZIO[DnsResolver, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
+  def resolve(host: String)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[DnsResolver, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
     ZIO.serviceWithZIO(_.resolve(host))
 
   private final case class SystemResolver() extends DnsResolver {
-    override def resolve(host: String): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
+    override def resolve(host: String)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
       ZIO
         .attemptBlocking(InetAddress.getAllByName(host))
         .refineToOrDie[UnknownHostException]
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ object DnsResolver {
     semaphore: Semaphore,
     entries: Ref[Map[String, CacheEntry]],
   ) extends DnsResolver {
-    override def resolve(host: String): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
+    override def resolve(host: String)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
       for {
         now       <- Clock.instant
         fiberId   <- ZIO.fiberId
@@ -102,18 +103,18 @@ object DnsResolver {
       } yield result
 
     /** Gets a snapshot of the cache state, for testing only */
-    private[http] def snapshot(): ZIO[DnsResolver, Nothing, Map[String, CacheEntry]] =
+    private[http] def snapshot()(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[DnsResolver, Nothing, Map[String, CacheEntry]] =
       entries.get
 
     private def startResolvingHost(
       host: String,
       targetPromise: Promise[UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]],
-    ): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Unit] =
+    )(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Unit] =
       semaphore.withPermit {
         resolver.resolve(host).intoPromise(targetPromise)
       }.fork.unit
 
-    private def refreshAndCleanup(): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Unit] =
+    private def refreshAndCleanup()(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Unit] =
       // Resolve only adds new entries for unseen hosts, so it is safe to do this non-atomically
       for {
         fiberId            <- ZIO.fiberId
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ object DnsResolver {
     private def refreshOrDropEntries(
       fiberId: FiberId,
       entries: Map[String, CacheEntry],
-    ): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Chunk[CachePatch]] =
+    )(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Chunk[CachePatch]] =
       Clock.instant.flatMap { now =>
         ZIO
           .foreach(Chunk.fromIterable(entries)) { case (host, entry) =>
@@ -177,7 +178,9 @@ object DnsResolver {
           .map(_.flatten)
       }
 
-    private def ensureMaxSize(entries: Map[String, CacheEntry]): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Chunk[CachePatch]] =
+    private def ensureMaxSize(
+      entries: Map[String, CacheEntry],
+    )(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Chunk[CachePatch]] =
       if (entries.size > maxCount) {
         val toDrop = Chunk.fromIterable(entries).sortBy(_._2.lastUpdatedAt).take(entries.size - maxCount)
         ZIO
@@ -208,7 +211,7 @@ object DnsResolver {
       maxConcurrentResolutions: Int,
       expireAction: ExpireAction,
       refreshRate: Duration,
-    ): ZIO[Scope, Nothing, DnsResolver] =
+    )(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Scope, Nothing, DnsResolver] =
       for {
         semaphore <- Semaphore.make(maxConcurrentResolutions)
         entries   <- Ref.make(Map.empty[String, CacheEntry])
@@ -217,7 +220,7 @@ object DnsResolver {
       } yield cachingResolver
   }
 
-  private[http] def snapshot(): ZIO[DnsResolver, Nothing, Map[String, CacheEntry]] =
+  private[http] def snapshot()(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[DnsResolver, Nothing, Map[String, CacheEntry]] =
     ZIO.service[DnsResolver].flatMap {
       case cachingResolver: CachingResolver => cachingResolver.snapshot()
       case _ => ZIO.dieMessage(s"Unexpected DnsResolver implementation: ${getClass.getName}")
@@ -256,11 +259,13 @@ object DnsResolver {
 
   def configured(
     path: NonEmptyChunk[String] = NonEmptyChunk("zio", "http", "dns"),
-  ): ZLayer[Any, zio.Config.Error, DnsResolver] =
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): ZLayer[Any, zio.Config.Error, DnsResolver] =
     ZLayer(ZIO.config(Config.config.nested(path.head, path.tail: _*))) >>> live
 
-  val default: ZLayer[Any, Nothing, DnsResolver] =
+  val default: ZLayer[Any, Nothing, DnsResolver] = {
+    implicit val trace: Trace = Trace.empty
     ZLayer.succeed(Config.default) >>> live
+  }
 
   private[http] def explicit(
     ttl: Duration = 10.minutes,
@@ -270,7 +275,8 @@ object DnsResolver {
     expireAction: ExpireAction = ExpireAction.Refresh,
     refreshRate: Duration = 2.seconds,
     implementation: DnsResolver = SystemResolver(),
-  ): ZLayer[Any, Nothing, DnsResolver] =
+  ): ZLayer[Any, Nothing, DnsResolver] = {
+    implicit val trace: Trace = Trace.empty
     ZLayer.scoped {
       CachingResolver
         .make(
@@ -283,8 +289,11 @@ object DnsResolver {
           refreshRate,
         )
     }
+  }
+
+  lazy val live: ZLayer[DnsResolver.Config, Nothing, DnsResolver] = {
+    implicit val trace: Trace = Trace.empty
 
-  lazy val live: ZLayer[DnsResolver.Config, Nothing, DnsResolver] =
     ZLayer.scoped {
       for {
         config   <- ZIO.service[Config]
@@ -299,6 +308,10 @@ object DnsResolver {
         )
       } yield resolver
     }
+  }
 
-  val system: ZLayer[Any, Nothing, DnsResolver] = ZLayer.succeed(SystemResolver())
+  val system: ZLayer[Any, Nothing, DnsResolver] = {
+    implicit val trace: Trace = Trace.empty
+    ZLayer.succeed(SystemResolver())
+  }
 }
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Driver.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Driver.scala
index 144a2a3f04..e88542fb5a 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Driver.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Driver.scala
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ package zio.http
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAdder
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.Driver.StartResult
 import zio.http.netty.server.NettyDriver
-
 trait Driver {
   def start(implicit trace: Trace): RIO[Scope, StartResult]
 
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Form.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Form.scala
index 93047272e4..8c1068f280 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Form.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Form.scala
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
 import java.nio.charset.Charset
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.stream._
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ final case class Form(formData: Chunk[FormField]) {
    * Runs all streaming form data and stores them in memory, returning a Form
    * that has no streaming parts.
    */
-  def collectAll: ZIO[Any, Throwable, Form] =
+  def collectAll(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Form] =
     ZIO
       .foreach(formData) {
         case streamingBinary: StreamingBinary =>
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ final case class Form(formData: Chunk[FormField]) {
    * Encodes the form using multipart encoding, choosing a random UUID as the
    * boundary.
    */
-  def multipartBytesUUID: zio.UIO[(Boundary, ZStream[Any, Nothing, Byte])] =
+  def multipartBytesUUID(implicit trace: Trace): zio.UIO[(Boundary, ZStream[Any, Nothing, Byte])] =
     Boundary.randomUUID.map { boundary =>
       boundary -> multipartBytes(boundary)
     }
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ final case class Form(formData: Chunk[FormField]) {
    */
   def multipartBytes(
     boundary: Boundary,
-  ): ZStream[Any, Nothing, Byte] = {
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): ZStream[Any, Nothing, Byte] = {
 
     val encapsulatingBoundary = FormAST.EncapsulatingBoundary(boundary)
     val closingBoundary       = FormAST.ClosingBoundary(boundary)
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ object Form {
   def fromMultipartBytes(
     bytes: Chunk[Byte],
     charset: Charset = Charsets.Utf8,
-  ): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Form] =
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Form] =
     for {
       boundary <- ZIO
         .fromOption(Boundary.fromContent(bytes, charset))
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/FormField.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/FormField.scala
index 3d059f9a3a..41bd786337 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/FormField.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/FormField.scala
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
  */
 
 package zio.http
-
 import java.nio.charset._
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.stream.{Take, ZPipeline, ZStream}
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ sealed trait FormField {
    * Gets the value of this form field as a String. If it is a binary field, the
    * value is interpreted as an UTF-8 byte stream.
    */
-  final def asText: ZIO[Any, CharacterCodingException, String] = this match {
+  final def asText(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, CharacterCodingException, String] = this match {
     case FormField.Text(_, value, _, _)                =>
       ZIO.succeed(value)
     case FormField.Binary(_, value, _, _, _)           =>
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ sealed trait FormField {
    * Gets the value of this form field as a chunk of bytes. If it is a text
    * field, the value gets encoded as an UTF-8 byte stream.
    */
-  final def asChunk: ZIO[Any, Nothing, Chunk[Byte]] = this match {
+  final def asChunk(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Chunk[Byte]] = this match {
     case FormField.Text(_, value, _, _)                =>
       ZIO.succeed(Chunk.fromArray(value.getBytes(Charsets.Utf8)))
     case FormField.Binary(_, value, _, _, _)           =>
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ object FormField {
     filename: Option[String] = None,
     data: ZStream[Any, Nothing, Byte],
   ) extends FormField {
-    def collect: ZIO[Any, Nothing, Binary] = {
+    def collect(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Nothing, Binary] = {
       data.runCollect.map { bytes =>
         Binary(name, bytes, contentType, transferEncoding, filename)
       }
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ object FormField {
   private[http] def fromFormAST(
     ast: Chunk[FormAST],
     defaultCharset: Charset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8,
-  ): ZIO[Any, FormDecodingError, FormField] = {
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, FormDecodingError, FormField] = {
     val extract =
       ast.foldLeft(
         (
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ object FormField {
   private[http] def incomingStreamingBinary(
     ast: Chunk[FormAST],
     queue: Queue[Take[Nothing, Byte]],
-  ): ZIO[Any, FormDecodingError, FormField] = {
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, FormDecodingError, FormField] = {
     val extract =
       ast.foldLeft((Option.empty[FormAST.Header], Option.empty[FormAST.Header], Option.empty[FormAST.Header])) {
         case (accum, header: FormAST.Header) if header.name == "Content-Disposition"       =>
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Handler.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Handler.scala
index 11101b1054..5c07e8642f 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Handler.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Handler.scala
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import java.nio.file.{AccessDeniedException, NotDirectoryException}
 import scala.reflect.ClassTag
 import scala.util.control.NonFatal // scalafix:ok;
 import java.util.zip.ZipFile
-
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] { self =>
 
   def @@[Env1 <: R, Ctx, In1 <: In](aspect: HandlerAspect[Env1, Unit])(implicit
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] { self =>
   def @@[Env1 <: R, Ctx, In1 <: In](aspect: HandlerAspect[Env1, Ctx])(implicit
     zippable: Zippable.Out[Ctx, Request, In1],
     res: Out <:< Response,
+    trace: Trace,
   ): Handler[Env1, Response, Request, Response] = {
     def convert(handler: Handler[R, Err, In, Out]): Handler[R, Response, In1, Response] =
       handler.asInstanceOf[Handler[R, Response, In1, Response]]
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] { self =>
   final def asOutType[Out2](implicit ev: Out <:< Out2): Handler[R, Err, In, Out2] =
     self.asInstanceOf[Handler[R, Err, In, Out2]]
 
-  final def body(implicit ev: Out <:< Response): Handler[R, Err, In, Body] =
+  final def body(implicit ev: Out <:< Response, trace: Trace): Handler[R, Err, In, Body] =
     self.map(_.body)
 
   /**
@@ -238,7 +239,11 @@ sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] { self =>
   def connect(
     url: URL,
     headers: Headers,
-  )(implicit ev1: Err <:< Throwable, ev2: WebSocketChannel <:< In): ZIO[R with Client with Scope, Throwable, Response] =
+  )(implicit
+    ev1: Err <:< Throwable,
+    ev2: WebSocketChannel <:< In,
+    trace: Trace,
+  ): ZIO[R with Client with Scope, Throwable, Response] =
     ZIO.serviceWithZIO[Client] { client =>
       val client2 = if (url.isAbsolute) client.url(url) else client.addUrl(url)
 
@@ -344,11 +349,12 @@ sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] { self =>
       onSuccess,
     )
 
-  final def headers(implicit ev: Out <:< Response): Handler[R, Err, In, Headers] =
+  final def headers(implicit ev: Out <:< Response, trace: Trace): Handler[R, Err, In, Headers] =
     self.map(_.headers)
 
   final def header(headerType: HeaderType)(implicit
     ev: Out <:< Response,
+    trace: Trace,
   ): Handler[R, Err, In, Option[headerType.HeaderValue]] =
     self.headers.map(_.get(headerType))
 
@@ -548,10 +554,10 @@ sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] { self =>
   final def runZIO(in: In): ZIO[R, Err, Out] =
     self(in)
 
-  final def sandbox: Handler[R, Response, In, Out] =
+  final def sandbox(implicit trace: Trace): Handler[R, Response, In, Out] =
     self.mapErrorCause(Response.fromCause(_))
 
-  final def status(implicit ev: Out <:< Response): Handler[R, Err, In, Status] =
+  final def status(implicit ev: Out <:< Response, trace: Trace): Handler[R, Err, In, Status] =
     self.map(_.status)
 
   /**
@@ -615,7 +621,7 @@ sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] { self =>
     HttpApp(Routes.singleton(handler.contramap[(Path, Request)](_._2)))
   }
 
-  def toHttpAppWS(implicit err: Err <:< Throwable, in: WebSocketChannel <:< In): HttpApp[R] =
+  def toHttpAppWS(implicit err: Err <:< Throwable, in: WebSocketChannel <:< In, trace: Trace): HttpApp[R] =
     Handler.fromZIO(self.toResponse).toHttpApp
 
   /**
@@ -756,7 +762,7 @@ object Handler {
   def firstSuccessOf[R, Err, In, Out](
     handlers: NonEmptyChunk[Handler[R, Err, In, Out]],
     isRecoverable: Cause[Err] => Boolean = (cause: Cause[Err]) => !cause.isDie,
-  ): Handler[R, Err, In, Out] =
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): Handler[R, Err, In, Out] =
     handlers.tail.foldLeft[Handler[R, Err, In, Out]](handlers.head) { (acc, handler) =>
       acc.catchAllCause { cause =>
         if (isRecoverable(cause)) {
@@ -1109,7 +1115,7 @@ object Handler {
      * Updates the current Headers with new one, using the provided update
      * function passed.
      */
-    override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): RequestHandler[R, Err] =
+    override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): RequestHandler[R, Err] =
       self.map(_.updateHeaders(update))
   }
 
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HandlerAspect.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HandlerAspect.scala
index 8b0a62fa2b..d1bb313723 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HandlerAspect.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HandlerAspect.scala
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ private[http] trait HandlerAspects extends zio.http.internal.HeaderModifier[Hand
   /**
    * Creates middleware that will update the headers of the response.
    */
-  override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): HandlerAspect[Any, Unit] =
+  override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): HandlerAspect[Any, Unit] =
     updateResponse(_.updateHeaders(update))
 
   /**
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Headers.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Headers.scala
index 941e9c3d5a..0409d5105b 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Headers.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Headers.scala
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package zio.http
 
-import zio.Chunk
+import zio.{Chunk, Trace}
 
 import zio.http.internal.{CaseMode, CharSequenceExtensions, HeaderOps}
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ sealed trait Headers extends HeaderOps[Headers] with Iterable[Header] {
 
   final def modify(f: Header => Header): Headers = Headers.FromIterable(self.map(f))
 
-  override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): Headers = update(self)
+  override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): Headers = update(self)
 
   final def when(cond: Boolean): Headers = if (cond) self else Headers.Empty
 
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpApp.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpApp.scala
index e807f1704a..f6d5ab9cd4 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpApp.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpApp.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package zio.http
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 /**
  * An HTTP application is a collection of routes, all of whose errors have been
@@ -84,13 +85,14 @@ final case class HttpApp[-Env](routes: Routes[Env, Response])
    * Returns a new HTTP application whose requests will be timed out after the
    * specified duration elapses.
    */
-  def timeout(duration: Duration): HttpApp[Env] =
+  def timeout(duration: Duration)(implicit trace: Trace): HttpApp[Env] =
     self @@ Middleware.timeout(duration)
 
   /**
    * Converts the HTTP application into a request handler.
    */
-  val toHandler: Handler[Env, Nothing, Request, Response] =
+  val toHandler: Handler[Env, Nothing, Request, Response] = {
+    implicit val trace: Trace = Trace.empty
     Handler
       .fromFunctionHandler[Request] { req =>
         val chunk = tree.get(req.method, req.path)
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ final case class HttpApp[-Env](routes: Routes[Env, Response])
         }
       }
       .merge
+  }
 
   /**
    * Accesses the underlying tree that provides fast dispatch to handlers.
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ object HttpApp                                                     {
    * HTTP, you should instead look at the new way of defining routes using
    * [[zio.http.Routes]].
    */
-  def collectZIO[R](pf: PartialFunction[Request, ZIO[R, Response, Response]]): HttpApp[R] =
+  def collectZIO[R](pf: PartialFunction[Request, ZIO[R, Response, Response]])(implicit trace: Trace): HttpApp[R] =
     HttpApp(
       Routes.singleton {
         Handler.fromFunctionZIO[(Path, Request)] { case (_: Path, request: Request) =>
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpError.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpError.scala
index 860713536c..b79ce70145 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpError.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/HttpError.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package zio.http
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+
 import zio.http.HttpError.HTTPErrorWithCause
 import zio.http.Response
 import zio.http.internal.OutputEncoder
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Middleware.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Middleware.scala
index 9f7fc75037..ef02428edc 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Middleware.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Middleware.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 package zio.http
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 trait Middleware[-UpperEnv] { self =>
   def apply[Env1 <: UpperEnv, Err](
@@ -129,7 +130,9 @@ object Middleware extends HandlerAspects {
         response.addHeaders(headers)
       })
 
-    val optionsRoute =
+    val optionsRoute = {
+      implicit val trace: Trace = Trace.empty
+
       Method.OPTIONS / trailing -> handler { (_: Path, request: Request) =>
         val originHeader = request.header(Header.Origin)
         val acrmHeader   = request.header(Header.AccessControlRequestMethod)
@@ -154,6 +157,7 @@ object Middleware extends HandlerAspects {
             Response.notFound
         }
       }
+    }
 
     new Middleware[Any] {
       def apply[Env1, Err](routes: Routes[Env1, Err]): Routes[Env1, Err] =
@@ -161,7 +165,7 @@ object Middleware extends HandlerAspects {
     }
   }
 
-  def timeout(duration: Duration): Middleware[Any] =
+  def timeout(duration: Duration)(implicit trace: Trace): Middleware[Any] =
     new Middleware[Any] {
       def apply[Env1 <: Any, Err](routes: Routes[Env1, Err]): Routes[Env1, Err] =
         routes.transform[Env1] { handler =>
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ProtocolStack.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ProtocolStack.scala
index 53358bf130..d539248775 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ProtocolStack.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ProtocolStack.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package zio.http
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 /**
  * A [[zio.http.ProtocolStack]] represents a linear stack of protocol layers,
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ sealed trait ProtocolStack[-Env, -IncomingIn, +IncomingOut, -OutgoingIn, +Outgoi
 
   final def apply[Env1 <: Env, Err >: OutgoingOut, IncomingOut1 >: IncomingOut, OutgoingIn1 <: OutgoingIn](
     handler: Handler[Env1, Err, IncomingOut1, OutgoingIn1],
-  ): Handler[Env1, Err, IncomingIn, OutgoingOut] =
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): Handler[Env1, Err, IncomingIn, OutgoingOut] =
     Handler.fromFunctionZIO[IncomingIn] { incomingIn =>
       incoming(incomingIn).flatMap { case (state, incomingOut) =>
         handler(incomingOut).flatMap { outgoingIn =>
@@ -68,11 +69,11 @@ sealed trait ProtocolStack[-Env, -IncomingIn, +IncomingOut, -OutgoingIn, +Outgoi
       }
     }
 
-  private[http] def incoming(in: IncomingIn): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)]
+  private[http] def incoming(in: IncomingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)]
 
   // TODO: Make this the one true representation and delete `incoming`
   lazy val incomingHandler: Handler[Env, OutgoingOut, IncomingIn, (State, IncomingOut)] =
-    Handler.fromFunctionZIO[IncomingIn](incoming(_))
+    Handler.fromFunctionZIO[IncomingIn](incoming(_)(Trace.empty))
 
   def mapIncoming[IncomingOut2](
     f: IncomingOut => IncomingOut2,
@@ -84,15 +85,17 @@ sealed trait ProtocolStack[-Env, -IncomingIn, +IncomingOut, -OutgoingIn, +Outgoi
   ): ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut2] =
     ProtocolStack.interceptOutgoingHandler(Handler.fromFunction(f)) ++ self
 
-  private[http] def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut]
+  private[http] def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut]
 
   // TODO: Make this the one true representation and delete `outgoing`
   lazy val outgoingHandler: Handler[Env, Nothing, (State, OutgoingIn), OutgoingOut] =
     Handler.fromFunctionZIO[(State, OutgoingIn)] { case (state, in) =>
-      outgoing(state, in)
+      outgoing(state, in)(Trace.empty)
     }
 
-  def provideEnvironment(env: ZEnvironment[Env]): ProtocolStack[Any, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] =
+  def provideEnvironment(env: ZEnvironment[Env])(implicit
+    trace: Trace,
+  ): ProtocolStack[Any, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] =
     ProtocolStack.interceptHandlerStateful(incomingHandler.provideEnvironment(env))(
       outgoingHandler.provideEnvironment(env),
     )
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ object ProtocolStack
     incoming0: Handler[Env, OutgoingOut, IncomingIn, IncomingOut],
   )(
     outgoing0: Handler[Env, Nothing, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut],
-  ): ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] =
+  )(implicit trace: Trace): ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] =
     interceptHandlerStateful(incoming0.map(((), _)))(outgoing0.contramap[(Unit, OutgoingIn)](_._2))
 
   def interceptHandlerStateful[Env, State0, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut](
@@ -146,10 +149,10 @@ object ProtocolStack
   ) extends ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, Outgoing, Outgoing] {
     type State = Unit
 
-    def incoming(in: IncomingIn): ZIO[Env, Outgoing, (State, IncomingOut)] =
+    def incoming(in: IncomingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Outgoing, (State, IncomingOut)] =
       handler(in).map(() -> _)
 
-    def outgoing(state: State, in: Outgoing): ZIO[Env, Nothing, Outgoing] =
+    def outgoing(state: State, in: Outgoing)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Nothing, Outgoing] =
       Exit.succeed(in)
   }
   private[http] final case class Outgoing[Env, Incoming, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut](
@@ -157,9 +160,9 @@ object ProtocolStack
   ) extends ProtocolStack[Env, Incoming, Incoming, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] {
     type State = Unit
 
-    def incoming(in: Incoming): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, Incoming)] = Exit.succeed(() -> in)
+    def incoming(in: Incoming)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, Incoming)] = Exit.succeed(() -> in)
 
-    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
+    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
       handler(in)
   }
   private[http] final case class Concat[
@@ -176,14 +179,14 @@ object ProtocolStack
   ) extends ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] {
     type State = (left.State, right.State)
 
-    def incoming(in: IncomingIn): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] =
+    def incoming(in: IncomingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] =
       left.incoming(in).flatMap { case (leftState, middleIn) =>
         right.incoming(middleIn).catchAll(out => left.outgoing(leftState, out).flip).map {
           case (rightState, incomingOut) => (leftState -> rightState) -> incomingOut
         }
       }
 
-    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
+    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
       right.outgoing(state._2, in).flatMap { middleOut =>
         left.outgoing(state._1, middleOut)
       }
@@ -194,9 +197,10 @@ object ProtocolStack
   ) extends ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] {
     type State = State0
 
-    def incoming(in: IncomingIn): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] = incoming0(in)
+    def incoming(in: IncomingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] = incoming0(in)
 
-    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] = outgoing0(state, in)
+    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
+      outgoing0(state, in)
   }
   private[http] final case class Cond[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut](
     predicate: IncomingIn => Boolean,
@@ -205,11 +209,11 @@ object ProtocolStack
   ) extends ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] {
     type State = Either[ifTrue.State, ifFalse.State]
 
-    def incoming(in: IncomingIn): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] =
+    def incoming(in: IncomingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] =
       if (predicate(in)) ifTrue.incoming(in).map { case (state, out) => (Left(state), out) }
       else ifFalse.incoming(in).map { case (state, out) => (Right(state), out) }
 
-    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
+    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
       state match {
         case Left(state)  => ifTrue.outgoing(state, in)
         case Right(state) => ifFalse.outgoing(state, in)
@@ -222,13 +226,13 @@ object ProtocolStack
   ) extends ProtocolStack[Env, IncomingIn, IncomingOut, OutgoingIn, OutgoingOut] {
     type State = Either[ifTrue.State, ifFalse.State]
 
-    def incoming(in: IncomingIn): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] =
+    def incoming(in: IncomingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, OutgoingOut, (State, IncomingOut)] =
       predicate(in).flatMap {
         case true  => ifTrue.incoming(in).map { case (state, out) => (Left(state), out) }
         case false => ifFalse.incoming(in).map { case (state, out) => (Right(state), out) }
       }
 
-    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
+    def outgoing(state: State, in: OutgoingIn)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Env, Nothing, OutgoingOut] =
       state match {
         case Left(state)  => ifTrue.outgoing(state, in)
         case Right(state) => ifFalse.outgoing(state, in)
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Request.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Request.scala
index 19ab34304b..8faa450f74 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Request.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Request.scala
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ package zio.http
 
 import java.net.InetAddress
 
-import zio.ZIO
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+import zio.{Trace, ZIO}
 
 import zio.http.internal.HeaderOps
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ final case class Request(
   /**
    * Collects the potentially streaming body of the request into a single chunk.
    */
-  def collect: ZIO[Any, Throwable, Request] =
+  def collect(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Request] =
     if (self.body.isComplete) ZIO.succeed(self)
     else
       self.body.asChunk.map { bytes =>
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ final case class Request(
   def dropTrailingSlash: Request = updateURL(_.dropTrailingSlash)
 
   /** Consumes the streaming body fully and then drops it */
-  def ignoreBody: ZIO[Any, Throwable, Request] =
+  def ignoreBody(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Request] =
     self.collect.map(_.copy(body = Body.empty))
 
   def patch(p: Request.Patch): Request =
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ final case class Request(
   /**
    * Updates the headers using the provided function
    */
-  override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): Request =
+  override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): Request =
     self.copy(headers = update(self.headers))
 
   def updateURL(f: URL => URL): Request = copy(url = f(url))
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Response.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Response.scala
index 4bd5f7efb5..675a5f7a3e 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Response.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/Response.scala
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import java.util.IllegalFormatException
 import scala.annotation.tailrec
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.stream.ZStream
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ sealed trait Response extends HeaderOps[Response] { self =>
    * Collects the potentially streaming body of the response into a single
    * chunk.
    */
-  def collect: ZIO[Any, Throwable, Response] =
+  def collect(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Response] =
     if (self.body.isComplete) ZIO.succeed(self)
     else
       self.body.asChunk.map { bytes =>
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ sealed trait Response extends HeaderOps[Response] { self =>
   }
 
   /** Consumes the streaming body fully and then drops it */
-  final def ignoreBody: ZIO[Any, Throwable, Response] =
+  final def ignoreBody(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Response] =
     self.collect.map(_.copy(body = Body.empty))
 
   final def isWebSocket: Boolean = self match {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ sealed trait Response extends HeaderOps[Response] { self =>
     case _                    => false
   }
 
-  final def patch(p: Response.Patch): Response = p.apply(self)
+  final def patch(p: Response.Patch)(implicit trace: Trace): Response = p.apply(self)
 
   private[zio] def addServerTime: Boolean = false
 
@@ -182,7 +183,8 @@ object Response {
 
     override def toString(): String = s"Response(status = $status, headers = $headers, body = $body)"
 
-    override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): Response = copy(headers = update(headers))
+    override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): Response =
+      copy(headers = update(headers))
 
     override def serverTime: Response = new BasicResponse(body, headers, status) with InternalState {
 
@@ -216,7 +218,8 @@ object Response {
     override final def toString(): String =
       s"SocketAppResponse(status = $status, headers = $headers, body = $body, socketApp = $socketApp0)"
 
-    override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): Response = copy(headers = update(headers))
+    override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): Response =
+      copy(headers = update(headers))
 
     override final def serverTime: Response = new SocketAppResponse(body, headers, socketApp0, status)
       with InternalState {
@@ -244,7 +247,8 @@ object Response {
     override def toString(): String =
       s"ErrorResponse(status = $status, headers = $headers, body = $body, error = $httpError0)"
 
-    override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): Response = copy(headers = update(headers))
+    override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): Response =
+      copy(headers = update(headers))
 
     override final def serverTime: Response = new ErrorResponse(body, headers, httpError0, status) with InternalState {
 
@@ -276,7 +280,8 @@ object Response {
     override final def toString(): String =
       s"NativeResponse(status = $status, headers = $headers, body = $body)"
 
-    override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): Response = copy(headers = update(headers))
+    override final def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): Response =
+      copy(headers = update(headers))
 
     override final def serverTime: Response = new NativeResponse(body, headers, status, onClose) with InternalState {
       override val parent: Response = self
@@ -289,8 +294,8 @@ object Response {
    * Models the set of operations that one would want to apply on a Response.
    */
   sealed trait Patch { self =>
-    def ++(that: Patch): Patch         = Patch.Combine(self, that)
-    def apply(res: Response): Response = {
+    def ++(that: Patch): Patch                                = Patch.Combine(self, that)
+    def apply(res: Response)(implicit trace: Trace): Response = {
 
       @tailrec
       def loop(res: Response, patch: Patch): Response =
@@ -390,7 +395,7 @@ object Response {
    * @param data
    *   \- stream of data to be sent as Server Sent Events
    */
-  def fromServerSentEvents(data: ZStream[Any, Nothing, ServerSentEvent]): Response =
+  def fromServerSentEvents(data: ZStream[Any, Nothing, ServerSentEvent])(implicit trace: Trace): Response =
     new BasicResponse(Body.fromStream(data.map(_.encode)), contentTypeEventStream, Status.Ok)
 
   /**
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/WebSocketChannel.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/WebSocketChannel.scala
index 8823e3a319..8f072ac7f4 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/WebSocketChannel.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/WebSocketChannel.scala
@@ -31,16 +31,26 @@ private[http] object WebSocketChannel {
     queue: Queue[WebSocketChannelEvent],
   ): WebSocketChannel =
     new WebSocketChannel {
-      def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit]                    =
+      def awaitShutdown: UIO[Unit]                                 =
         nettyChannel.awaitClose
-      def receive: Task[WebSocketChannelEvent]        =
+      def receive: Task[WebSocketChannelEvent]                     =
         queue.take
-      def send(in: WebSocketChannelEvent): Task[Unit] =
+      def send(in: WebSocketChannelEvent): Task[Unit]              =
         in match {
           case Read(message) => nettyChannel.writeAndFlush(frameToNetty(message))
           case _             => ZIO.unit
         }
-      def shutdown: UIO[Unit]                         =
+      def sendAll(in: Iterable[WebSocketChannelEvent]): Task[Unit] =
+        ZIO.suspendSucceed {
+          val iterator = in.iterator.collect { case Read(message) => message }
+
+          ZIO.whileLoop(iterator.hasNext) {
+            val message = iterator.next()
+            if (iterator.hasNext) nettyChannel.write(frameToNetty(message))
+            else nettyChannel.writeAndFlush(frameToNetty(message))
+          }(_ => ())
+        }
+      def shutdown: UIO[Unit]                                      =
         nettyChannel.close(false).orDie
     }
 
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ZClient.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ZClient.scala
index bf794ebf98..0f32687c7c 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ZClient.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/ZClient.scala
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ final case class ZClient[-Env, -In, +Err, +Out](
   def apply(request: Request)(implicit ev: Body <:< In, trace: Trace): ZIO[Env & Scope, Err, Out] =
     self.request(request)
 
-  override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): ZClient[Env, In, Err, Out] =
+  override def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): ZClient[Env, In, Err, Out] =
     copy(headers = update(headers))
 
   /**
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/internal/HeaderModifier.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/internal/HeaderModifier.scala
index fa19ef726e..255358d8c5 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/internal/HeaderModifier.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/internal/HeaderModifier.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package zio.http.internal
 
+import zio.Trace
+
 import zio.http.Header.HeaderType
 import zio.http._
 
@@ -50,5 +52,5 @@ trait HeaderModifier[+A] { self =>
    * Updates the current Headers with new one, using the provided update
    * function passed.
    */
-  def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers): A
+  def updateHeaders(update: Headers => Headers)(implicit trace: Trace): A
 }
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/AsyncBodyReader.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/AsyncBodyReader.scala
index 873825d4de..55e752106f 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/AsyncBodyReader.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/AsyncBodyReader.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Chunk, ChunkBuilder, Trace, Unsafe}
 
 import zio.http.netty.AsyncBodyReader.State
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import zio.http.netty.NettyBody.UnsafeAsync
 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil
 import io.netty.channel.{ChannelHandlerContext, SimpleChannelInboundHandler}
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{HttpContent, LastHttpContent}
-
 abstract class AsyncBodyReader(implicit trace: Trace) extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler[HttpContent](true) {
 
   protected val unsafeClass: Unsafe = Unsafe.unsafe
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/ChannelFactories.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/ChannelFactories.scala
index 9bb0287cd2..6616c9d2c9 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/ChannelFactories.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/ChannelFactories.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package zio.http.netty
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import io.netty.channel._
 import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import io.netty.channel.epoll._
 import io.netty.channel.kqueue._
 import io.netty.channel.socket.nio._
 import io.netty.incubator.channel.uring._
-
 object ChannelFactories {
 
   private[zio] def make[A <: Channel](channel: => A)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[ChannelFactory[A]] =
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/EventLoopGroups.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/EventLoopGroups.scala
index 5d848b5d27..e996b3e600 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/EventLoopGroups.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/EventLoopGroups.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package zio.http.netty
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import io.netty.channel._
 import io.netty.channel.epoll.{Epoll, EpollEventLoopGroup}
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBody.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBody.scala
index 56175feb46..f41ba2dd09 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBody.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBody.scala
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package zio.http.netty
 
 import java.nio.charset.Charset
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Chunk, Task, Trace, Unsafe, ZIO}
 
 import zio.stream.ZStream
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ import zio.http.{Body, Boundary, Header, Headers, MediaType}
 import io.netty.buffer.{ByteBuf, ByteBufUtil}
 import io.netty.channel.{Channel => JChannel}
 import io.netty.util.AsciiString
-
 object NettyBody extends BodyEncoding {
 
   /**
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBodyWriter.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBodyWriter.scala
index 636b4c72fb..198c5d7490 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBodyWriter.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyBodyWriter.scala
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package zio.http.netty
 
 import zio.Chunk.ByteArray
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.Body
 import zio.http.Body._
@@ -26,10 +27,9 @@ import zio.http.netty.NettyBody.{AsciiStringBody, AsyncBody, ByteBufBody, Unsafe
 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled
 import io.netty.channel._
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{DefaultHttpContent, LastHttpContent}
-
 object NettyBodyWriter {
 
-  def write(body: Body, ctx: ChannelHandlerContext): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Boolean] =
+  def write(body: Body, ctx: ChannelHandlerContext)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, Boolean] =
     body match {
       case body: ByteBufBody                  =>
         ZIO.succeed {
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyChannel.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyChannel.scala
index c04de98de0..411215a855 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyChannel.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyChannel.scala
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Task, Trace, UIO, ZIO}
 
 import zio.http.Channel
 
 import io.netty.channel.{Channel => JChannel, ChannelFuture => JChannelFuture}
-
 final case class NettyChannel[-A](
   private val channel: JChannel,
   private val convert: A => Any,
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyConfig.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyConfig.scala
index aa87ed25d8..5417e83366 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyConfig.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyConfig.scala
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
 package zio.http.netty
 
 import zio.Config
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.netty.NettyConfig.LeakDetectionLevel
 
 import io.netty.util.ResourceLeakDetector
-
 final case class NettyConfig(
   leakDetectionLevel: LeakDetectionLevel,
   channelType: ChannelType,
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyCookieEncoding.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyCookieEncoding.scala
index f49b0e8c66..d5d84d1287 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyCookieEncoding.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyCookieEncoding.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package zio.http.netty
 import java.time.Duration
 
 import zio.Chunk
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.Cookie.SameSite
 import zio.http.internal.CookieEncoding
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyFutureExecutor.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyFutureExecutor.scala
index 1af50e0c30..b57676c3eb 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyFutureExecutor.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyFutureExecutor.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package zio.http.netty
 import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import io.netty.util.concurrent.{Future, GenericFutureListener}
 
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponse.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponse.scala
index 66a8ab40fd..1e2227d543 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponse.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponse.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Promise, Trace, Unsafe, ZIO}
 
 import zio.http.Response.NativeResponse
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ object NettyResponse {
 
   final def make(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext, jRes: FullHttpResponse)(implicit
     unsafe: Unsafe,
+    trace: Trace,
   ): NativeResponse = {
     val status       = Conversions.statusFromNetty(jRes.status())
     val headers      = Conversions.headersFromNetty(jRes.headers())
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponseEncoder.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponseEncoder.scala
index c7d9451017..744bdb8765 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponseEncoder.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyResponseEncoder.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package zio.http.netty
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http._
 import zio.http.netty.model.Conversions
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ private[zio] object NettyResponseEncoder {
   private val frozenCache    = new ConcurrentHashMap[Response, FullHttpResponse]()
   private val frozenZioCache = new ConcurrentHashMap[Response, UIO[HttpResponse]]()
 
-  def encode(response: Response): ZIO[Any, Throwable, HttpResponse] = {
+  def encode(response: Response)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, Throwable, HttpResponse] = {
     val body = response.body
     if (body.isComplete) {
       val cachedValue = frozenZioCache.get(response)
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ private[zio] object NettyResponseEncoder {
     }
   }
 
-  def fastEncode(response: Response, bytes: Array[Byte])(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): FullHttpResponse =
+  def fastEncode(response: Response, bytes: Array[Byte])(implicit unsafe: Unsafe, trace: Trace): FullHttpResponse =
     if (response.frozen) {
       val encodedResponse = frozenCache.get(response)
 
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyRuntime.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyRuntime.scala
index 56ab32b263..92192a37e5 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyRuntime.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/NettyRuntime.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package zio.http.netty
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import io.netty.channel._
 import io.netty.util.concurrent.{Future, GenericFutureListener}
@@ -78,7 +79,9 @@ private[zio] trait NettyRuntime { self =>
   )(implicit unsafe: Unsafe, trace: Trace): Unit =
     run(ctx, ensured, interruptOnClose = false)(program)
 
-  private def closeListener(rtm: Runtime[Any], fiber: Fiber.Runtime[_, _]): GenericFutureListener[Future[_ >: Void]] =
+  private def closeListener(rtm: Runtime[Any], fiber: Fiber.Runtime[_, _])(implicit
+    trace: Trace,
+  ): GenericFutureListener[Future[_ >: Void]] =
     (_: Future[_ >: Void]) => {
       val _ = rtm.unsafe.fork {
         fiber.interrupt
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/WebSocketAppHandler.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/WebSocketAppHandler.scala
index 8a37361bf0..4649894ed7 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/WebSocketAppHandler.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/WebSocketAppHandler.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package zio.http.netty
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.ChannelEvent.UserEvent
 import zio.http.netty.client.ChannelState
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ChannelState.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ChannelState.scala
index b378b597e1..413f569c35 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ChannelState.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ChannelState.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty.client
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+
 import zio.http.Status
 
 sealed trait ChannelState { self =>
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientInboundHandler.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientInboundHandler.scala
index bcc5ddf2c6..a4ba5dad6a 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientInboundHandler.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientInboundHandler.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package zio.http.netty.client
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.netty.{NettyBodyWriter, NettyResponse, NettyRuntime}
 import zio.http.{Request, Response}
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientResponseStreamHandler.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientResponseStreamHandler.scala
index 3607e5cb87..ff937b1d9f 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientResponseStreamHandler.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientResponseStreamHandler.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty.client
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Promise, Trace}
 
 import zio.http.Status
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import zio.http.netty.{AsyncBodyReader, NettyFutureExecutor, NettyRuntime}
 
 import io.netty.channel._
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{HttpContent, LastHttpContent}
-
 final class ClientResponseStreamHandler(
   rtm: NettyRuntime,
   onComplete: Promise[Throwable, ChannelState],
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientSSLConverter.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientSSLConverter.scala
index 5728bdc189..f7a4d3fac6 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientSSLConverter.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/ClientSSLConverter.scala
@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@ import java.io.{FileInputStream, InputStream}
 import java.security.KeyStore
 import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+
 import zio.http.ClientSSLConfig
 
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.InsecureTrustManagerFactory
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.{SslContext, SslContextBuilder}
-
 object ClientSSLConverter {
   private def trustStoreToSslContext(trustStoreStream: InputStream, trustStorePassword: String): SslContext = {
     val trustStore          = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS")
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyClientDriver.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyClientDriver.scala
index 8b2cafe658..807baddadf 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyClientDriver.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyClientDriver.scala
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 import scala.collection.mutable
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.ClientDriver.ChannelInterface
 import zio.http._
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ import io.netty.channel.{Channel, ChannelFactory, ChannelHandler, EventLoopGroup
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.{WebSocketClientProtocolHandler, WebSocketFrame => JWebSocketFrame}
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{FullHttpRequest, HttpObjectAggregator}
 import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler
-
 final case class NettyClientDriver private (
   channelFactory: ChannelFactory[Channel],
   eventLoopGroup: EventLoopGroup,
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyConnectionPool.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyConnectionPool.scala
index b3e784bdc9..222a6b8b54 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyConnectionPool.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyConnectionPool.scala
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.URL.Location
 import zio.http._
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ import io.netty.channel.{
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{HttpClientCodec, HttpContentDecompressor}
 import io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler
 import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler
-
 trait NettyConnectionPool extends ConnectionPool[JChannel]
 
 object NettyConnectionPool {
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyRequestEncoder.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyRequestEncoder.scala
index 080022c370..72d14d89ec 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyRequestEncoder.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/NettyRequestEncoder.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty.client
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Task, Trace, ZIO}
 
 import zio.http.Request
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import zio.http.netty.model.Conversions
 
 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{DefaultFullHttpRequest, DefaultHttpRequest, HttpHeaderNames, HttpRequest}
-
 private[zio] object NettyRequestEncoder {
 
   /**
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/WebSocketClientInboundHandler.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/WebSocketClientInboundHandler.scala
index e52588b026..0c310c86f7 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/WebSocketClientInboundHandler.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/client/WebSocketClientInboundHandler.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty.client
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Promise, Trace, Unsafe}
 
 import zio.http.Response
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import zio.http.netty.{NettyResponse, NettyRuntime}
 
 import io.netty.channel.{ChannelHandlerContext, SimpleChannelInboundHandler}
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse
-
 final class WebSocketClientInboundHandler(
   rtm: NettyRuntime,
   onResponse: Promise[Throwable, Response],
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/model/Conversions.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/model/Conversions.scala
index 950826c3a7..5f3beec7c7 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/model/Conversions.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/model/Conversions.scala
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ package zio.http.netty.model
 
 import scala.collection.AbstractIterator
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+
 import zio.http.Server.Config.CompressionOptions
 import zio.http._
 import zio.http.internal.{CaseMode, CharSequenceExtensions}
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/package.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/package.scala
index f5e82d1105..1869f4c5cd 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/package.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/package.scala
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 
 package zio.http
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 import zio.{Trace, ZIO}
 
 import io.netty.util.AsciiString
-
 package object netty {
 
   private[zio] object Names {
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/NettyDriver.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/NettyDriver.scala
index 16a6203b76..3d5e9ef59d 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/NettyDriver.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/NettyDriver.scala
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import zio.http.{ClientDriver, Driver, HttpApp, Server}
 import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap
 import io.netty.channel._
 import io.netty.util.ResourceLeakDetector
-
 private[zio] final case class NettyDriver(
   appRef: AppRef,
   channelFactory: ChannelFactory[ServerChannel],
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerChannelInitializer.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerChannelInitializer.scala
index 266372b178..418626c99f 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerChannelInitializer.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerChannelInitializer.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package zio.http.netty.server
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http.Server
 import zio.http.Server.RequestStreaming
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerHttpsHandler.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerHttpsHandler.scala
index a4e29fdae4..ac2b80f506 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerHttpsHandler.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerHttpsHandler.scala
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty.server
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+
 import zio.http.SSLConfig.HttpBehaviour
 
 import io.netty.channel.{ChannelFutureListener, ChannelHandlerContext, SimpleChannelInboundHandler}
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{DefaultHttpResponse, HttpMessage, HttpResponseStatus, HttpVersion}
-
 private[zio] class ServerHttpsHandler(httpBehaviour: HttpBehaviour) extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler[HttpMessage] {
   override def channelRead0(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext, msg: HttpMessage): Unit = {
 
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerInboundHandler.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerInboundHandler.scala
index a8ab82b28a..c6929390ba 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerInboundHandler.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerInboundHandler.scala
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import scala.annotation.tailrec
 import scala.util.control.NonFatal
 
 import zio._
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 
 import zio.http._
 import zio.http.netty._
@@ -35,7 +36,6 @@ import io.netty.channel._
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http._
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.{WebSocketFrame => JWebSocketFrame, WebSocketServerProtocolHandler}
 import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutException
-
 @Sharable
 private[zio] final case class ServerInboundHandler(
   appRef: AppRef,
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerSSLDecoder.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerSSLDecoder.scala
index db7e27c2ea..9ffeed426d 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerSSLDecoder.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerSSLDecoder.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package zio.http.netty.server
 import java.io.FileInputStream
 import java.util
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+
 import zio.http.SSLConfig.{HttpBehaviour, Provider}
 import zio.http.netty.Names
 import zio.http.{SSLConfig, Server}
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ import io.netty.handler.ssl.ApplicationProtocolConfig.{
 }
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.SelfSignedCertificate
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.{SslContext, SslHandler, _}
-
 object SSLUtil {
 
   implicit class SslContextBuilderOps(self: SslContextBuilder) {
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerTime.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerTime.scala
index 0d369f187c..85f2da5493 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerTime.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerTime.scala
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import io.netty.util.AsciiString
 
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
 import java.util.Date // scalafix:ok;
-
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 private[zio] final class ServerTime(minDuration: Long) {
 
   private var last: Long               = System.currentTimeMillis()
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/package.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/package.scala
index 8250b069e9..f288a4a990 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/package.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/package.scala
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import zio._
 import zio.http._
 
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference // scalafix:ok;
-
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
 package object server {
   private[server] type AppRef = AtomicReference[(HttpApp[Any], ZEnvironment[Any])]
   private[server] type EnvRef = AtomicReference[ZEnvironment[Any]]
diff --git a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/socket/NettySocketProtocol.scala b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/socket/NettySocketProtocol.scala
index 8e5574b37f..60e58109f1 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/socket/NettySocketProtocol.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/socket/NettySocketProtocol.scala
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package zio.http.netty.socket
 
+import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
+
 import zio.http.{SocketDecoder, WebSocketConfig}
 
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.{
@@ -24,7 +26,6 @@ import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.{
   WebSocketDecoderConfig,
   WebSocketServerProtocolConfig,
 }
-
 private[netty] object NettySocketProtocol {
 
   def clientBuilder(webSocketConfig: WebSocketConfig): WebSocketClientProtocolConfig.Builder =
diff --git a/zio-http/src/test/scala/zio/http/DnsResolverSpec.scala b/zio-http/src/test/scala/zio/http/DnsResolverSpec.scala
index 81319210d3..633c3b9688 100644
--- a/zio-http/src/test/scala/zio/http/DnsResolverSpec.scala
+++ b/zio-http/src/test/scala/zio/http/DnsResolverSpec.scala
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ object DnsResolverSpec extends ZIOSpecDefault {
     }
 
   private final case class TestResolver() extends DnsResolver {
-    override def resolve(host: String): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
+    override def resolve(host: String)(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[Any, UnknownHostException, Chunk[InetAddress]] =
       if (host.startsWith("host"))
         ZIO.succeed(Chunk(InetAddress.getByAddress(Array(127, 0, 0, host.stripPrefix("host").toByte))))
       else