internal/telemetry: revamp

[eliottness]

What does this PR do?

This PR rebuilds fron scratch the current instrumentation telemetry client. More informations here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C3xoTZHQZNQ-Jr1w5mMThIkpHNW_4qKRf-J5CNi7G-k/edit?pli=1&tab=t.0#heading=h.88xvn2cvs9dt

Reviewer's Checklist

• Changed code has unit tests for its functionality at or near 100% coverage.
• System-Tests covering this feature have been added and enabled with the va.b.c-dev version tag.
• There is a benchmark for any new code, or changes to existing code.
• If this interacts with the agent in a new way, a system test has been added.
• Add an appropriate team label so this PR gets put in the right place for the release notes.
• Non-trivial go.mod changes, e.g. adding new modules, are reviewed by @DataDog/dd-trace-go-guild.

Unsure? Have a question? Request a review!

[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2024-11-27 16:02:21

Comparing candidate commit bb195d0 in PR branch eliott.bouhana/newtelemetry with baseline commit 2f8b419 in branch main.

Found 0 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 58 metrics, 1 unstable metrics.