Project Title: Density-Based Traffic Control System using Arduino Uno
Description: The Density-Based Traffic Control System is designed to regulate the flow of vehicles at an intersection based on the density of traffic detected by infrared sensors. The system uses Arduino Uno as the microcontroller to control the traffic signal lights.
Components:
Arduino Uno: It serves as the brain of the system and controls the overall functionality. Infrared (IR) Sensors: These sensors are used to detect the presence of vehicles at each lane of the intersection. Shift Registers (74HC595): The shift registers are used to expand the number of digital output pins of the Arduino, allowing control of multiple LED lights with fewer pins. LED Lights: These lights represent the traffic signals and change their state based on the density of traffic detected. Breadboard: It provides a platform for connecting the components and wiring them together. Working Principle:
Hardware Setup: Connect the IR sensors to the Arduino Uno and position them to detect vehicle presence at each lane of the intersection. Connect the shift registers to the Arduino, and connect the LED lights to the output pins of the shift registers.
Initialization: Start by initializing the Arduino and setting up the necessary input and output pins. Define variables to store the sensor readings and LED states.
Sensing Vehicle Density: The IR sensors continuously monitor the presence of vehicles at each lane. They send signals to the Arduino when a vehicle is detected or when the lane is empty. The Arduino receives these signals and updates the sensor readings accordingly.
Density Calculation: Based on the sensor readings, calculate the vehicle density at each lane. You can use a simple algorithm that compares the number of vehicles detected to a predefined threshold value to determine the density.
Traffic Light Control: Based on the calculated density values, control the traffic signal lights. The Arduino sends output signals to the shift registers, which, in turn, control the LED lights. For example, if the density at a particular lane is low, the corresponding LED light for that lane turns green, allowing vehicles to pass through. If the density is high, the LED light remains red, indicating a stop signal.
Timings and Sequencing: Implement appropriate timing intervals to regulate the duration of each traffic signal. You can use timers or delay functions in your Arduino code to manage the timing and sequencing of the traffic lights.
Loop: Continuously repeat the sensing, density calculation, and traffic light control steps in a loop to monitor and update the traffic signals based on real-time vehicle density.
Benefits:
Efficient Traffic Flow: The density-based control system ensures that the traffic signal timing is adjusted dynamically based on the density, improving the overall flow of vehicles at the intersection. Reduced Congestion: By providing green signals to lanes with low traffic density, the system helps reduce congestion and waiting times.
Customizable and Expandable: The project can be customized and expanded to include additional features such as pedestrian crossing signals or integration with a centralized traffic management system.
Note: This description provides an overview of the project. Implementing the actual code and circuit connections will require more detailed instructions and programming specific to the components used