We still rely on the same methodological approach and the JRC’s urban centers database. To these geometries we added the same indicators as in the first analysis on a grid cell level, but this time the latest available or updated versions :
Population distribution, SHDI, nighttime lights, tree cover, built up area, vegetation and the urban road network. The only thing we improved about these indicators was involving Microsoft road length data as well and not only OSM data as a reference for the cases where OSM data is missing.
Furthermore, to get the OSM references for building area and road length we queried the ohsome API and included more recent timestamps: January 2024 and May 2024.