Endma is a is a language (if you wanna call it a language) that really tries its best. The parser and the translator was designed with the help of compiler design tools such as lex and yacc. The code gets translated to C.
_________ _________
| Endma | lex and yacc | C |
| code | ----------------> | Code |
|_______| |_______|
| Endma | C Language |
|---|---|
import |
#include |
elif |
else if |
loop |
while |
do....until |
do....while |
in |
- |
set |
- |
@ |
- |
print / println / write |
printf |
input / scanf |
scanf |
as |
= |
is |
== |
is not |
!= |
and |
&& |
or |
|| |
frame |
struct |
int, float, double, char and string
//Syntax:
set var_name1 as value, var_name2, var_name3 = value ::type
//One dimensional array:
set array as [1,2,3] ::int
set string_array as [“Harambe”, “is”, “not”] ::string
//where “set” and “as” are keywords.
Got rid of strcpy() and strcmp() in C by introducing assignment operator here’s an example:
import stdio.h
import string.h
int @ main():
set string_1 = "string1", string_2 = "string1" :: string
set string_3 = "string2", string_4 = "string4" :: string
set string5[100], string6[100] :: string
string5 = "stringmoree1"
string6 = "string1"
if(string_1 is string_2):
write("\n",string_1," == ",string_2)
if(string_3 is not string_1):
write("\n",string_3," != ",string_1)
if(string5>string_1):
write("\n",string5," > ",string_1)
if(string_1<string5):
write("\n",string_1," < ",string5)
if(string_2 is "string1"):
write("\n",string_2," == string1")
if(string_2[0] is 's'):
println("YES")
return 0
C Translation:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char string_1[9]="string1",string_2[9]="string1";
char string_3[9]="string2",string_4[9]="string4";
char string5[100],string6[100];
strcpy(string5,"stringmoree1");
strcpy(string6,"string1");
if(strcmp(string_1,string_2)==0){
printf("\n%s == %s",string_1,string_2);
}
if(strcmp(string_3,string_1)!=0){
printf("\n%s != %s",string_3,string_1);
}
if(strcmp(string5,string_1)>0){
printf("\n%s > %s",string5,string_1);
}
if(strcmp(string_1,string5)<0){
printf("\n%s < %s",string_1,string5);
}
if(strcmp(string_2,"string1")==0){
printf("\n%s == string1",string_2);
}
if(string_2[0]=='s'){
printf("\nYES");
}
return 0;
}import stdio.h
void @main():
for(set i as 0::int, i<3, i++):
write(i," ")
set j as 0 ::int
write(j)
Parser:
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
for(int i=0; i<3; i++){
printf("%d ",i);
int j=0;
}
variable "j" undeclared
if(logical_expression): |
if(logical_expression): |
if(logical_expression): |
loop(logical_expression): |
do: |
for(set i as 0 ::int, logical_expression, i++): |
set i ::int |
set Array as [1,2,3,4] ::int
for element in Array:
/*
body
*/
Example:
import stdio.h
import string.h
int @main():
set float_array as [1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0] ::float
set int_array as [1,2,3,4,5] ::int
set char_array as ['h','i'], string_array as ["never", "gonna","give","you","up","!"] ::string
for f in float_array:
write(f," ")
println()
for d in int_array:
write(d," ")
println()
for c in char_array:
write(c," ")
println()
for s in string_array:
write(s," ")
//Translated C code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
float float_array[5]={1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0};
int int_array[5]={1,2,3,4,5};
char char_array[2]={'h','i'},string_array[6][7]={"never","gonna","give","you","up","!"};
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
float f = float_array[i];
printf("%f ",f);
}
printf("\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
int d = int_array[i];
printf("%d ",d);
}
printf("\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
char c = char_array[i];
printf("%c ",c);
}
printf("\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++){
char s[7];
strcpy(s,string_array[i]);
printf("%s ",s);
}
}type @*func (parameter1::type, parameter2::type):
/*
Body
*/
return val //return statement if the type is not void
//“type @*function_name()”
//type mentions the return type of function and * represents the return type’s data depth.
func(argument1, argument2)
Endma assumes that the last function defined in the program is the main function. The parser handles error checking.
Frames is same as structures in C.
//Syntax
frame name:
/*
Declarations
*/
>
//Setting the variable:
set @var_name frame_name frame
Example:
import stdio.h
import string.h
frame Books:
set title[50], author[50]::string
set subject[100]::string
set book_id::int
>
int@main():
set @Book1 Books frame
//book 1 specification
@Book1.title="C Programming"
@Book1.author="Nuha Ali"
@Book1.subject="C Programming Tutorial"
@Book1.book_id = 6942007
//print book 1 info
write("\nBook 1 title: ", @Book1.title)
write("\nBook 1 author: ", @Book1.author)
write("\nBook 1 subject: ", @Book1.subject)
write("\nBook 1 book_id: ", @Book1.book_id)
return 0
//Translated C code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Books{
char title[50],author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
};
int main(){
struct Books Book1;
strcpy(Book1.title,"C Programming");
strcpy(Book1.author,"Nuha Ali");
strcpy(Book1.subject,"C Programming Tutorial");
Book1.book_id = 6942007;
printf("\nBook 1 title: %s",Book1.title);
printf("\nBook 1 author: %s",Book1.author);
printf("\nBook 1 subject: %s",Book1.subject);
printf("\nBook 1 book_id: %d",Book1.book_id);
return 0;
}//Taking input:
set var_name, var2, var3 ::int
var_name = input(“Enter value for variable: ”)
input(var_name, var2, var3)
//Print Statements:
write(“Message”, var1, var2)
write(“Message”)
write(var)
print(“Message”)
//Print in a new line:
println(“Message”)
Here, coma acts as concatenation in print statements and assigns the corresponding format specifiers accordingly. Endma also accepts the classic C style input-output statements such as:
//Taking input:
set var_name ::int
scanf(“%d”, &var_name)
//Print Statements:
print(“%d”, var_name)
import stdio.h
import header_file.h
import “home/user/header_file.h”
Endma does small code optimizations only in arithmetic expressions. Example
import stdio.h
int @main():
set a as 4, b as 2 ::int
set c as a+b ::int
set d as c*2 ::int
set e as (((((a+b)/b)+d)/5)^b) ::int
d=d/c
set f as d::int
//Translated C code
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int a = 4,b = 2;
int c = 6;
int d = 12;
int e = 9;
d = 2;
int f = 2;
}//1.
import stdio.h
import string.h
frame Books:
set title[50], author[50]::string
set subject[100]::string
set book_id as 1::int
>
-------------------Parser-------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Books{
char title[50],author[50];
char subject[100];
Parsing Failed
Line Number: 7 Invalid operator '=' in frames.
//2.
import stdio.h
int @ main():
set number,sum as 0 ::float
do:
number=input("Enter a number: ")
sum = sum+number
//until(number is not 0.0) Missing until statement
write("\nSum = ",sum)
return 0
-------------------Parser-------------------
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
float number,sum=0;
do{
printf("\n");printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%f",&number);
sum = sum+number;
}
printf("\nSum = %f",sum);
Missing until statement.
//3.
import stdio.h
int@main():
// Iterate a loop over the
// range [0, 5]
for (set i as 0::int, i < 5, i++):
write("i = ",i," j = ")
// Iterate a loop over the
// range [0, 5]
for (set j as 0 :: int, j < 5, j++):
// Break Statement
if (j == 2):
break
write(" ", j)
println()
break//break statement outside loop
return 0
-------------------Parser-------------------
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
printf("i = %d j = ",i);
for(int j=0; j<5; j++){
if(j==2){
break;
}
printf(" %d",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
Parsing Failed
Line Number: 16 Break statement must be inside a loop.
import stdio.h
int @sum_int(num1::int,num2::int):
float @sum_float(num1::float,num2::float):
return (num1+num2)
int @main():
set num1 ::float
set num2 ::int
-------------------Parser-------------------
#include <stdio.h>
int sum_int(int num1,int num2){
Parsing Failed
Line Number: 5 Syntax Error: Function has no return statement.
./endma <input_file.c
or
./endma_opti <input_file.c
