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40 - Scoping

Scoping in Solidity follows the widespread scoping rules of C99

  1. Variables are visible from the point right after their declaration until the end of the smallest { }-block that contains the declaration. As an exception to this rule, variables declared in the initialization part of a for-loop are only visible until the end of the for-loop.

  2. Variables that are parameter-like (function parameters, modifiers parameters, catch parameters, …) are visible inside the code block that follows - the body of the function/modifier for a function and modifier parameter and the catch block for a catch parameter.

  3. Variables and other items declared outside of a code block, for example functions, contracts, user-defined types, etc., are visible even before they were declared. This means you can use state variables before they are declared and call functions recursively.

Slide Screenshot

040.jpg

Slide Deck

  • Variable Visibility
  • C99 Scoping
  • Declaration -> End of {}
  • Parameter -> Code Block
  • Functions/Contracts/State Variables: Visible Before Declaration
  • Security: Data Flow Analysis

References