How is it work

• ACA Structural Sciences Society talks
• bash
• Bayesian Data Analysis
• Clojure
• Cryocrystallography
• Crystallization
• Crystallographic computing
  • Diffraction image processing
• Emacs
  • Talks about Emacs
• Experimental design
• Grant writing
• Jupyter and Colab
• LaTeX
• Literate programming and computational narratives
• [Machine learning]
• [Molecular Biophysics]
• Molecular Graphics Related
• Molecular Simulation
• [Protein structure]
• PyMOL
• Python
• [RNA Editing]
• [RNA Structure]
• SAXS
• SSRL talks
• [Structure-based drug design]
• Supercomputing
• Time management
• Typst
• vim/neovim
• Writing tools
  • Accountability tools
  • Manuscript writing support
  • Metacognition tool
• Voice computing
  • biological-crystallography-voice-in
• Videos of talks

This site contains the public repositories of the Dr. Blaine Mooers Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. My lab determines the structures of biological macromolecules and their complexes with drugs, mainly using X-ray crystallography and sometimes small-angle X-ray scattering, a method that does not require crystals. We grow crystals using advanced experimental design methods and collect X-ray diffraction data in-house and frequently at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LightSource and sometimes at the four other significant light sources in the US. We also do structure-based drug design using supercomputers.

We are not computer scientists; we leave the heavy-duty coding to the professionals. However, we write code occasionally to help advance our science and the science of others. We have developed software tools to ease the writing of PyMOL scripts to make molecular images. These tools are available for the top 19 text editors and the Jupyter, Colab, and R Markdown notebooks. These text editors can make your work lighter and have many wonderful features, but Emacs is our favorite because, thanks to Emacs Lisp, it is the most customizable text editor. However, we caution that one must take a disciplined approach to Emacs because it is a tinker's paradise.

We often use the web service called Overleaf to write manuscripts, grant applications, slideshows, posters, and lab notebooks in LaTeX. We spent five years trying the alternative Markup languages. This was before I became aware of Overleaf, which made working with LaTeX much easier. Some of our LaTeX templates are in the repositories found here (see the section on LaTeX below).

Overleaf is a great way to get started with LaTeX. However, Emacs provides access to more powerful editing features. You can use GhostText to send a page from Overleaf to Emacs for editing. Nonetheless, Overleaf is great for collaborative writing. When using Chrome or Microsoft Edge, you can use the Voice In plugin for Google Chrome to dictate prose in Overleaf.

We are also fans of Jupyter Notebooks. Something inexplicable about Jupyter Notebooks makes coding in them fun. We have developed tools for working on Jupyter with PyMOL and CCTBX. Jupyter Notebooks may be frustrating for those without at least some formal training in computing. You must always be aware of your computer's state, or at least the state you expected it to be in. Those who lack this awareness will run into a lot of trouble.

We also like R Markdown notebooks. Although somewhat less interactive than Jupyter notebooks, these are simpler to put under version control, and they support custom libraries of code snippets with tab triggers and tab stops. The RStudio IDE provides excellent support for R Markdown notebooks. You can have the best of both worlds by editing R Markdown notebooks in Emacs and using the reticulate package to harness Jupyter kernels to run Python inside the notebook.

We code in mainly in Python but sometimes in Bash, R, Clojure, Elisp, Julia, Fortran, and C/C++. It is hard to be a polyglot programmer due to limitations on mental bandwidth.

Our repositories are grouped by category. Some repositories are listed in several categories. This listing is still a work in progress. Some repositories still need to be added to this page. Seventeen repos are forks to other people's repositories. Visit the repositories tab to see the complete list of repositories.

In the spring of 2023, I started a MooersLab site on Codeberg. A foundation runs Codeberg and has 13 years of funding. Some repositories on GitHub get mirrored on Codeberg.

If you like a repository, please click on the star in the upper right.

• ACA2021
• ACA2022
• ACA2023
• ACA2024

• Bash functions for Schooner at OSCER
• Multiple file transfer
• Function that counts lines of uncommented code

• Bayesian Data Analysis (BDA) Speech-to-Text expansions of acronyms
• JointProb R Markdown and Jupyter notebooks for the Saturday JointProb study group active in 2022 and 2023.

• Lab website with blog posts

• ClojConj 2023 talk about protein structure superposition via probabilistic programming in Clojure
• quizzes about Clojure These quizzes are useful for improving command recall after a break from using Clojure for several months.

Tools to enhance success at cryopreserving protein and nucleic acid crystals.

• Easing cryosolution preparation

Tools to support protein and nucleic acid crystallization.

• Crystal scoring key
• Crystallization drop observation record for 24 well tray
• Vary One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) experimental designs
• Definitive Screening Designs

• aimless summary table extraction

• Jupyterlab cctbx snippets CCTBX snippets for JupyterLab with the jupyterlab-snippets extension or the jupyterlab-snippets-mutlimenus extension.
• Jupyterlab cctbx plus snippets The variant of the jupyterlabcctbxsnips library with comments to guide editing of the snippets.
• Tagged cctbx snippets The variant for the Elyra-snippet extension for Jupyterlab. The snippets have tags in their metadata that can be used to retrieve code snippets.
• Tagged cctbx plus snippets The variant for the Elyra-snippet extension for Jupyterlab. The tab stops in a comment block to guide the editing of the live snippet. The snippets have tags in their metadata that can be used to retrieve snippets.
• Colab cctbx snippets Colab snippets.

• cctbxsnips-Emacs CCTBX snippets for the yasnippet snippet system in for Emacs.
• cctbxsnips-SublimeText3 CCTBX snippets for Sublime Text 3 (ST3).
• cctbxsnips-VSC CCTBX snippets for Visual Studio Code (VSC).
• cctbxsnips-UltiSnips CCTBX snippets for Vim or NeoVim via UltiSnips plugin.
• cctbxsnips-neosnippets CCTBX snippets for Vim or NeoVim via neosnippets plugin.
• cctbxsnips-Snipmate CCTBX snippets for Vim or NeoVim via snipmate plugin.
• cctbxsnips-Atom CCTBX snippets for Atom. Have the same format required for Pulsar.

• List of curve-fitting software This list includes both proprietary and free software.

Today's Emacs is not your grandfather's Emacs. The median age of an Emacs user is 32, not 77, as you might expect for a text editing program who is about 40 years old. This is due to a very active community of young users centered around several YouTube channels, Emacs Lisp being well-designed to customize Emacs, an online annual international conference (emacsconf), the popularity of org-mode, and a welcoming community of developers. Elisp was first used in Emacs 19 in 1985, with the GNU Emacs 19.3, about ten years after the project's start.

It should be noted that Emacs is single-threaded. This is a significant limitation when it comes to loading large embedded images. The developers have and continue to optimize the part of the code base that relies on C for speed so single treading is generally not a hindrance for most uses.

One group has started a 'lem' project that uses Common Lisp to build a multithreaded text editor similar to Emacs. Unfortunately, lem is not user-ready in our experience. Perhaps, Emacs users will migrate to lem someday. In the meantime, it is worth continuing to use Emacs, knowing that a multithreading alternative is under development.

The Emacs project is open-source and run by several hundred volunteer core developers. The project runs by consensus. There is no succession issue. The project's benevolent dictator for life stepped down about 15 years ago. After doing so, an explosion of creativity occurred.

According to the Lindy effect, it is likely that Emacs will remain in use for another 50 years. Exposure to elisp coding in Emacs leads some to pick up other languages in the Lisp family, including Clojure. This, in turn, leads them to understand programming more deeply.

Mastery is in the eye of the beholder. Total mastery is impossible with >5000 packages.

• Popup menus of GNU Emacs core commands you want to master
• Configuration for Emacs30 to support structured editing
• Some simple hydras in Codeberg repo
• Quizzes about Emacs to improve recall of keybindings Ten minutes boosting your recall on a particular topic can save 10, 100, or 1000 hours of Google searches, especially if you are prone to getting side-tracked in the Google-verse.

These files can help you on your Emacs journey. You probably just want to copy bits of configuration to integrate into your own workflow.

• A simpler approach to using org in place of the init.el file
• Compiling Emacs29 on Sequoia (macOS 15.01) with tree-sitter
• Compiling Emacs30 on Ventura (macOS 13.2) with tree-sitter This protocol compiles Emacs from source with tree-sitter support for structured editing of computer code on macOS.
• Compiling Emacs30 on Ubuntu22.04 LTS with tree-sitter This protocol compiles Emacs with tree-sitter support on Ubuntu.
• crafted-emacs user config My user configuration file (config.el) for the crafted-emacs profile. I did install use-package and used it to install several packages. The base profile has the Doom theme, Vertico completion stack, and eglot. I added my org-agenda config and my favorite key bindings. I am currently luvin it.
• latex-emacs29 configuration A configuration file enhancing the use of LaTeX in Gnu Emacs version 29.0.5. Includes org-mode configuration.
• latex-emacs28 configuration Similar to above but for Gnu Emacs version 28.
• latex-emacs30 configuration Similar to above but for Gnu Emacs version 30.
• scimax user.el Scimax is the Emacs configuration that Dr. John Kitchin of Carniege-Mellon University is developing to support reproducible research by scientists with Gnu Emacs. The user.el file for Scimax enables Scimax users to add keybindings and packages. I added features from latex-emacs and config.org.
• config.org My default GNU Emacs version 30 configuration file.

Org-mode is a blend of the best features of markdown and LaTeX. Although you can use org-mode without knowledge of LaTeX, you do not have to give up any of your skills and knowledge of using LaTeX to use org-mode. You gain powerful tools for navigating the file, making major rearrangements of its sub-trees, and interfacing with many other programs, such as Gnuplot, for generating data plots from tables. Org-mode's table editor is reason enough to adopt its use because it makes assembling a table easy. For example, you can draft a table in org-mode, drop it into co-pilot, and ask it to reformat it LaTeX.

• Writing log template in Org-mode Template for tracking your actions, decisions, and plans for any serious writing project that takes more than one session to finish. The LaTeX version is listed in the LaTeX section for use on Overleaf or in Emacs.
• Org-mode manuscript template The manuscript will be exported to PDF after being run through LaTeX. This is for the first submission. This is for the lovers of org-mode. The export from org to PDF is fast and painless in Emacs.
• Annotated bibliography in org-mode

See the section about LaTeX for more repositories.

• Slides about workflow in LaTeX These were presented to the Berlin Emacs Meetup in August 2022. Regrettably, the talk was not recorded. It was a 90-minute presentation.
• snippets for latex-mode in Emacs LaTeX code snippets for yasnippets.

The more I am exposed to other Emacs community members, the more I appreciate how little I know about Emacs. The growing disease of expertise tends to inhibit sharing knowledge with beginners. Advanced beginners tend to give talks that are more accessible to beginners because they tend to assume less prior knowledge. As an advanced beginner, I find the pressure of assembling a talk an effective way of forcing myself to master new material.

• emacsconf 2021 talk about rendering molecular graphics with PyMOL in org literate programming files Video and comments.
• EmacsATX Meetup Talk, 4 May 2022: functional programming in Emacs lisp Slides.
• Video link to talk about GhostText, Oklahoma Data Science Workshop, July 2022
• Slides from talk about GhostText, Data Science Workshop, July 2022 GhostTexT rocks! It enables Emacs to edit textboxes on websites. You can use GhostText to bring the full power of Emacs to Overleaf (Important: use the legacy version rendering of the text area in Overleaf to get text imported into a LaTeX buffer).
• emacsconf 2022 talk about using Emacs to edit Jupyter cells via GhostText and atomic-chrome Video and comments.
• emacsconf 2023 talk about using voice-computing with Emacs to enhance productivity Video, transcript, and comments.
• DSW November 2024: A Science Writing Workflow in Org Mode: slides

• Voice-In library for emacs
• Voice-In library for org-mode

PyMOL can be run in Jupyter via PyMOL's Python API.

Multiple extensions for Jupyter support the use of snippets. However, the support does not include tab stops nor tab triggers, two standard features of snippet support in modern text editors. The libraries with plus at the end of their name have a second copy of the code in a comment. This copy is marked with the sites of the tab stops where you might want to change the parameter value from its default value.

PyMOL Python snippets for use in the Classic Jupyter Notebook with the snippets_menu notebook extension.

• jupyternbclassicpymolpysnips
• jupyternbclassicpymolpysnipsplus

PyMOL Python snippets for use in JupyterLab with the jupyterlab-snippets extension.

• jupyterlabpymolpysnips PyMOL Python snippets for use in JupyterLab with the jupyterlab-snippets extension.
• jupyternbclassicpymolpysnipsplus

PyMOL Python snippets for use with the elyra-snippets extension and with PyMOL. These snippets can be retrieved with tags in the elyra-snippet GUI.

• taggedpymolpysnips
• taggedpymolpysnipspymolpysnipsplus

These editors work in Jupyter Notebooks via the GhostText browser plugin.

• jupyter-vsc-pymolpysnips
• jupyter-st3-pymolpysnips
• jupyter-emacs-pymolpysnips
• jupyter-ultisnips-pymolpysnips
• jupyter-snipmate-pymolpysnips
• jupyter-neosnippets-pymolpysnips
• jupyter-atom-pymolpysnips

• emacsconf 2022 talk about using Emacs to edit Jupyter cells via GhostText and atomic-chrome

• colabOpenSourcePyMOLpySnips PyMOL Python snippets for use in Colab with open source PyMOL.
• colabPyMOLpySnips PyMOL Python snippets for use in Colab with the incentive PyMOL.

• Jupyterlab cctbx snippets CCTBX snippets for JupyterLab with the jupyterlab-snippets extension or the jupyterlab-snippets-mutlimenus extension.
• Jupyterlab cctbx plus snippets The variant of the jupyterlabcctbxsnips library with comments to guide editing of the snippets.
• Colab cctbx snippets Colab snippets.

We provide easy and fast-to-deploy experimental designs for crystallization setups in Excel workbooks. These designs take three minutes to customize for your experimental needs. Plots of the results against factor level for each factor are automatically generated, thereby saving the users many hours of tedious coding of the data plots for each crystallization tray. These workbooks could be adapted to other kinds of experiments.

The OFAT experiments are often used to screen for active factors. The active factors can then be used in DSD designs to find the optimal conditions to return large crystals. OFAT experiments are inappropriate for this objective because they do not measure interactions between factors. Factor interactions are quite common in the crystallization of proteins.

The DSDs tend to be limited to three active factors because of their small size and weaker statistical power. Larger traditional response surface method designs (RSM) should be used if more factors are suspected of being active or if two or more interactions are expected. DSD can be thought of as a subset of RSMs. Their small size is attractive for protein crystallization, where the sample is expensive and scarce. The small size of DSD experiments opens up the possibility of replicating them to measure the variance.

• Vary One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) experimental designs
• Definitive Screening Designs

• Design of Experiments (DoE): doe.csv

• Voice Commands for NIH grants
• Voice commands for NSF grants

Until recently, I wrote a lot in Emacs on 750words.com via GhostText. I configured the atomic-chrome package for Emacs to go into LaTeX mode when GhostText connects to 750words. I can also use Emacs to write and edit text in Overleaf via atomic-chrome and GhostText. This is a very cool way to extend Emacs to websites with weaker support for editing text.

Now I use voice-to-text to dictate in 750words.com or Overleaf. I use voice commands to insert snippets containing LaTeX code. See the section below.

If you do not have extensive experience writing in a markup language like HTML or Markdown, start with one of the flavors of Markdown to become productive as fast as possible. Many ideas behind the typesetting program Markdown will transfer to LaTeX. Markdown is easy to use and highly intuitive. Mastery of Markdown will provide a fallback system if you get stuck debugging the errors in your LaTeX document. The latter is a common experience for beginning users of LaTeX.

MyST expands to Markedly Structured Text. MyST is an enhanced version of Markdown developed to interface with Jupyter notebooks and support their utilization in scientific publishing. You can export files to LaTeX, MS Word, and PDF.

MyST is part of the dream of converting Jupyter into a literate programming platform and supporting the conversion of scientific Publications into highly extensible documents. You can edit MyST files in the newer versions of Jupyter Lab and any text editor.

It provides a preview in your default browser that is updated each time you save the main.md file. The lovers of HTML are wowed by this feature.

Live preview extensions are available for Emacs, Vim, and VS Code. It feels like an underdeveloped version of org-mode, which had all the export capabilities over a decade ago. It may be more analogous to the well-planned, lean, and efficient R Markdown for the R programming world.

These markup languages are more potent than markdown. However, very few publishers will accept the source files for these markup languages. You may be able to submit the PDF generated by one of these systems on your first submission. However, you will be stuck transferring the contents of your file to MS Word or LaTeX.

A nice introduction to Typst in October 2024 by Dr. Chase Brown of the University of Central Florida is found here.

This typesetting language uses BibTeX and LaTeX Math. RestructuredText is used by some in the Python world to generate documentation. The annual SciPy Proceedings have been prepared with it for many years. It harnesses indentation, for better or worse. It is not hard to use for a LaTeX user.

Typst compiles many times faster than LaTeX. Typst provides a nearly live preview and thus instant gratification. This may be the main reason to use it for simple documents.

Typst has a more modern bibliography management system, but it also supports using BibLaTeX, which will ease adoption by new users.

Typst also utilizes a more computer programmer-oriented approach to typesetting by using functions. Typst also provides boilerplate styling templates similar to classes in LaTeX. The typesetting of math equations is similar to that for LaTeX, so LaTeX users will find it easy to adopt. Typst set out to replace LaTeX but retains many features.

It is easy to write a generic manuscript in typst for the first submission PDF. The upside is the speed at which the document is compiled. The corresponding writing project log file template in typst is found here. The corresponding modular annotated bibliography template in typst is found here.

Typst has been integrated into org-mode. You can use a #+typst: keyword to start lines with typst commands. There is even a typst submenu for exporting to PDF or typ files.

There is an abandoned typst-mode project on GitHub. The author shifted his efforts to the typst-ts-mode project. Unfortunately, typst-ts-mode package is harder to install.

Oh well, typst-mode is much easier to install and use. It provides syntax highlighting and entering C-c C-p compiles the document to PDF and displays it in your default PDF viewer almost instantly. That is all of the support that I need most of the time.

It might still be more accessible for computer programmers to adopt typst than nonprogrammers. Writers who are not computer programmers will quickly master Common Markdown. The next step in markup systems will probably still be the LyX editor, which offers a what you see is what you get approach to using LaTeX.

• LaTeX bare-bones template file This template is for people who want to make a simple document without a lot of bells and whistles.
• LaTeX tips
• Configuration for Emacs30 to support structured editing
• latex-emacs29 configuration A configuration file enhancing the use of LaTeX in Gnu Emacs version 29. This is the current release version of Gnu Emacs. Includes org-mode configuration.
• latex-emacs28 configuration Similar to above but for Gnu Emacs version 28.
• latex-emacs30 configuration Similar to above but for Gnu Emacs version 30.
• Slides about workflow in LaTeX presented to the Berlin Emacs Meetup August 2022. Not recorded. It was a 90-minute lecture.
• slideshowTemplateInLaTeX Slideshow template with use with the LaTeX package Beamer that supports the making of slides. Our templates make slides that do not look like they were made in LaTeX because we hide the navigation icons that no one ever uses and replace the triangles in bulleted lists with round bullets. Our slides look like they were made in PowerPoint.
• posterInLaTeX uses Beamer to make a poster with a simple design. This enables whipping together a poster in a few hours. It is much easier than using a Gaint slide in PowerPoint. Our approach is also saner than the default approach to making a poster with Beamer.
• LaTeX manuscript template Generic template for the first submission as a PDF.
• Writing log template in LaTeX Place to track progress and plans behind a manuscript.
• Annotated bibliography template in LaTeX Every writing project needs one of these. These should be utilized more. They are good for recalling the relevant features of a paper.
• ditto but for org-mode
• Diary for 2024 in LaTeX Designed for use on Overleaf.com but can compile locally. Each day is a section. Each month is a chapter. Has an automatically generated index (most markdowns cannot generate indices). Very feature-rich and ready to use. Makes a great electronic scientific notebook because it is searchable and indexed. > 1000-page document at the end of the year compiles to PDF in under a minute on Overleaf.
• snippets for latex-mode in Emacs My LaTeX code snippets for yasnippets.
• The writer's creed Guidelines for greater productivity as a writer.
• bib2item3 Python script to convert bibtex.bib file to bibitems in tex file format. Bibitems are required by some publishers. They are a pain to create manually.
• LaTeX Voice In Plus library Speech-to-text commands for inserting LaTeX markup.

See the sections on Org-mode and Jupyter and Colab.

Collection of links for a 15-hour course on Molecular Graphics

Coming soon. Includes Structure-based Drug Design.

• EasyPyMOL: go here for an easy start for interactive horizontal scripting on the command line in PyMOL and for the roundview.py function. YouTube videos show how to install the software on various operating systems.
• pymolshortcuts: These are very popular. You do not need to be a code writer to use these. This is what most people will want to install. The README.md explains the installation and use.
• pymolsnips: For people writing traditional vertical *.pml PyMOL scripts in a text editor. The README.md describes how to install each of the 17 supported text editors. It then shows how to install the snippet library in each editor. Animations show the snippet library in use in each text editor.
• pymolpysnips: For people wanting to run PyMOL in one of these computational notebooks: Jupyter, Colab, RStudio, and org-mode.
• PyMOL wall hangings: Protocol to convert molecular artwork into large images for framing and hanging on a wall.

• pymolrc My pymolrc file.
• pymolsnips A large collection of PyMOL macro language (pml) code snippets. It contains a link to a webpage with extensive instructions on installing 19 text editors.
• pymolshortcuts A large collection of functions mapped to aliases or shortcuts. This collection of functions is very useful for non-coders.
• EasyPyMOL Support for horizontal scripting in PyMOL.
• orgpymolpysnips Support for generating computational narratives (literate programming plus interactive computing) in org-mode with PyMOL.
• rstudiopymolpysnips Support for literate programming in Rstuido with PyMOL.
• taggedpymolpysnips Support for literate programming in JuptyerLab with tagged snippets with the elyra-snippets extension and with PyMOL.
• jupyterlabpymolpysnips PyMOL Python snippets for use in JupyterLab with the jupyterlab-snippets extension.
• jupyternbclassicpymolpysnips PyMOL Python snippets for use in the Classic Jupyter Notebook (invoked with jupyter nbclassic with Jupyter Notebook version 7).
• colabOpenSourcePyMOLpySnips PyMOL Python snippets for use in Colab with open source PyMOL.
• colabPyMOLpySnips PyMOL Python snippets for use in Colab with the incentive version of PyMOL.
• PyMOL wall hangings Protocol for making oversized images framed and hung on a wall.

See the sections on PyMOL, CCTBX, and Jupyter and Colab. Python is in many repositories.

• PyTexas talk: Voice computing with Python in Jupyter notebooks (slides and audio), 2024 Apr. 21

• rstudiopymolpysnips Support for literate programming in Rstuido with Python code for PyMOL.

• SmallAngleScatteringWebpage

Talks at the SSRL/LCLS Users Meeting:

• 2024 Workshop talk: Tools to Ease the Use of PyMOL

• TimeBlocks Form for daily scheduling with time blocks.
• TimeSpent Time tracking by project with Google Sheets.

High-performance computing (HPC), cluster computing, and cloud computing.

• Bash functions for Schooner at OSCER
• Emacs configuration file for schooner supercomputer
• Multiple file transfer with scp
• Vim configuration file for the schooner supercomputer at OU-Norman
• Vim configuration file for SSRL SMB cluster
• Tutorial for biologists on using the supercomputer at OU-Norman

• Vim configuration file Current .vimrc file for Mac OSX 10.15
• Vim configuration file for schooner supercomputer
• Vim configuration file for SSRL SMB cluster
• Neovim configuration file
• qvim Quiz about Vim commands to improve your recall of the commands after a break from using Vim.

Voice computing can be divided into three activities:

• speech-to-text (dictation)
• speech-to-commands
• speech-to-code

Speech-to-text is the easiest to master, the most widely applicable, and the most effective way of enhancing academic productivity.

The video below is an example of using a voice trigger to insert a chunk of LaTeX code that I use to plan each day. It is inserted after saying insert start day. You can easily make a markdown variant customized to meet your needs. I am using the Voice In Plus software in Google Chrome. It also works in Microsoft Edge. It uses the built-in Speech-to-text software in the web browser on your local machine, so latency is not much of an issue.

• Software that I use
• Talon Voice for voice control and computing
• Voice In Plus for dictation and voice control in the web
• Whisper for dictation, includes my text replacements
• Voice Typing in Google Docs for dictation
• Words counts before and after adopting
• Voice computing-related talks

My sampling of the available -related software is highly skewed towards the Mac operating system and Google Chrome. I have yet to complete a comprehensive survey of the software available for Windows, Linux, and other browsers. If you are a user of such systems, then the review below will give you a taste of what may be available for these other operating systems

Voice Typing is widely available through Google Docs. It is more accurate than the Voice Control that comes with the Mac and MS Word. Voice Typing supports almost 100 voice commands but does not support custom commands.

Voice In Plus has similar accuracy to Voice Typing with the addition of custom commands. I use the latter every day to dictate the first drafts. I do the rewriting using the keyboard.

OpenAI's Whisper may be an order of magnitude more accurate. It has a latency issue, so live transcription and interactive editing are difficult. It is also not easy to fine-tune with custom commands.

My primary use of Whisper is for transcribing audio files. I run Python scripts to correct the initial transcript. These corrections include expanding contractions. This code also supports inserting simple commands like new paragraph during dictation because whisper does not know how to divide a transcript into paragraphs.

A very new use of Whisper for me is inside Emacs. I had been aware of its availability for four months. After my third attempt, I finally figured out how to run Whisper in Emacs via the whisper.el package. The package automates compiling the whisper.cpp software and downloading the Whisper LLM. You record a local audio file of your dictation, and then you transcribe that audio file into text that appears in the current buffer in Emacs. The M-H r keybinding starts the audio recording, and the C-u M-x r keybinding transcribes the audio file. Here, H is for the Hyper key; I have it mapped to the righthand command key (alt-key) on a non-Mac keyboard.

The natural unit of dictation with whisper.el seems to be the paragraph. This form of dictation is less interactive than Voice In Plus where you can use the keyboard to edit the currently dictated sentence. I have yet to figure out the elisp code to apply my text replacements in the transcription step.

The Superwhisper. app for the Mac is interesting. It supports dictation in e-mail and elsewhere. Its support for custom commands is limited; it still needs to support bulk uploading of text replacements before I am sold. You have to pay a subscription fee to access all its features. Its features may appeal to people with numerous electronic devices that must be synched with their primary computer.

Talon Voice supports all three activities, but speech-to-text accuracy needs to catch up to Voice Typing and Voice In Plus in my experience. I am currently using Talon Voice for the last two activities. I plan to increase my use of Talon Voice for dictation.

The Talon Voice software is designed to be used by non-coders. It can be configured with Talonscript files that have a simple syntax that is a subset of Python. You can customize Talon Voice extensively using the Talonscript files without writing any Python code.

Voice computing supports extending your productivity when you get tired of typing. Voice computing also supports issuing commands and dictating text while standing. Voice computing could be a cure for the envy of those colleagues who have standing desks. You can speak commands to your computer while standing 20 feet away from it and looking out the window. You can give your body and eyes a break from sitting and staring at the computer screen while remaining productive.

I have seen a three-fold increase in the total number of words captured in September and October 2023 compared to June and July 2023 before I took up speech-to-text in mid-August 2023. I have had the same amount of out-of-town travel during the first two periods. I did not make a conscious effort to capture more words per day.

On the day after Thanksgiving in 2023, I generated almost 12,000 words. From that point to just before Christmas, I made a concerted effort to generate at least 5,000 words daily. Then family obligations reduced my daily word generation. Nonetheless, I had a five-fold increase in the total word count for November and December.

A three-fold increase is more realistic with all of the disruptions from doing experiments, administration, teaching, service, and work-related travel. The slight decrease in word count after the new year may reflect a shift in my focus toward turning more of my writing into publishable products. This decrease may reflect more effort focused on editing text.

I was surprised that there was not a more significant decrease. I may have compensated by using a digital voice recorder (DVR) in mid-January 2024 while away from my computer. The DVR is superior to a cell phone for recording speech because it does not need to be held next to your mouth. The DVR can record a Zoom meeting when lying on a desktop or a seminar from the back of a room: Use it ethically. I transcribe the audio recordings with a locally installed version of OpenAI's whisper. I use bash Python and bash scripts to reformat the text with one sentence per line for easier downstream editing.

I am still using this device daily as of early November 2024. It is the best $85 investment I have made in a long time. It is worth ten times as much.

Some of my mutterings are rubbish that I cut from the transcripts. I occasionally harvest useful thoughts that are worth retaining. I also use the DVR to paraphrase some technical documents that otherwise might be pretty tedious to read. The DVR has extended my generative writing time by 15-30 minutes daily.

Spending more time on rewriting will lead to fewer new words generated if the time spent on writing is constant. Rewriting is very time-consuming; it can take as much or more time as generating the text initially. AI-powered writing assistants make suggestions, but they are not a silver bullet. You still have to spend a lot of time making the appropriate selections; otherwise, your writing will often be degraded. These assistants have not saved me time, and they have often wasted it. But if they keep you engaged in rewriting, they can be helpful.

Text written for grant applications and articles will take even more time because it needs to be highly polished. Sufficient time has to be scheduled for it. I plan to spend more time rewriting, so you can expect the new words generated in the next bimonthly reports to decline steadily.

One alternative is to use the built-in Dictation software for Mac. The Mac dictation software used to be worse than the alternatives, like Voice In. I tried the Mac dictation software again on March 22, 2024, The error rate was reduced enough to make it competitive.

Its advantage is that it can operate anywhere. It works inside Emacs and on webpages, including webmail applications like Outlook and Gmail. The Dictation software relies on an internet connection for older Intel chip-based Macs. The generated sound waves are sent to a server run by Apple and then returned as text. I found the delay caused by this transfer to be unnoticeable.

The Voice Control software provided by the Mac OS has not improved since I last tried it. Its error rate is too high to use for dictation. The advantage of Voice Control is that it supports customized commands and commands that can be used to run GUI-based software.

We use open-AI's whisper software to transcribe my audio recordings recorded with the DVR. The software is wrapped with Python. I wrote some Python code that reformats the transcript to make it easier for me to edit. I programmed a text replacement called a new paragraph to introduce breaks between paragraphs because the Whisper software does not automatically identify these breaks. I am using Python to make my text replacement software. I use this to add commands like the one above and to replace frequently misinterpreted words. The approach I am taking with this software is a little more cumbersome than the very easy approach taken by Voice In Plus.

In addition, I reformat the text such that each sentence is written on its own line. This format eases the subsequent deletion of lines containing rubbish. You can advance to the next line with the down arrow key in most text editors. If the current line is one to be deleted, you enter control k.

I have used the dictated text transcribed by Whisper to a lesser extent. Whisper often inserts garbage during long pauses. It takes a lot of effort to parse the transcribed text.

It is easier to redo the dictation via Voice In and make corrections as you go. Dictation of the first draft during the morning commute is analogous to generating a verbal rough draft. If I leave the DVR at home, I will still compose some prose by speaking aloud. Once the initial draft has been composed verbally, it is easier to redo it with better word choices after I reach my office.

Of course, generative writing is a small part of writing. Rewriting, data analysis, figure-making, reading the literature, and managing co-author input takes up most of the time. You can attempt rewrites of small part of a manuscript before a commute by re-reading the part in question immediately before the commute. This sounds boring, but exciting new ideas often emerge during this exercise.

Below are links to programming tools to aid the adoption of voice computing.

• Expand dictated contractions automatically
• Run bash commands in the terminal by voice command
• Open favorite web pages by voice commands
• Master Talon Voice phonetic alphabet with interactive quiz written in Python
• Master Talon Voice with interactive quiz written in elisp for Emacs

This browser plugin works in Google Chrome and Microsoft's Edge. It depends on the browser's Speech-to-Text API. Interactive sessions with it persist for up to 5 to 10 paragraphs, depending on your activity and speed of dictation. If you pause too long, the software will deactivate after 3 minutes. If you dictate too quickly, you will get ahead of the software, which will hang. You might lose text for some of the words you dictated. Nonetheless, this software is superior to Mac dictation software, which will only persist for an average of three sentences because it sends the sound waves to a language model located on a remote server.

• Master basic Voice In commands with interactive Python quiz
• Master basic Voice In commands with an interactive quiz in Emacs
• Library of 186 English contractions (a must for nonfiction writing)
• Jupyter notebook voice triggers
• Full library of commands for Voice In Plus
• Org-mode
• OUHS-related acronym expansions
• LaTeX
• Generate new writing project commands
• Books about scientific writing mapped to voice triggers

• Biological crystallography (MX)
• Cryogenic electron microscopy (CryoEM and CryoET)
• Small Angle Scattering (SAS)
• Computational Crystallography Toolbox (cctbx)

• Design of Experiments (DoE)

• Bayesian Data Analysis (BDA)
• Artificial intelligence (AI)
• Software Development
• Markdown in Jupyter notebooks

• Voice-In library for emacs
• Voice-In library for org-mode

• NIH grants
• NSF grants

This is a standalone application that supports speech-to-commands and speech-to-code. It depends on the presence of an internet connection because it uses remote servers to convert sound waves into text and commands. Serenade runs in web browsers as well as in the terminal and at command prompts. It is more versatile than Voice In plus but less than Talon Voice. It may be a good bridge between Voice In Plus and Talon Voice.

• Expansions of English contractions

• Master Voice Typing commands with interactive quiz

• Bash function to transcribe audio files with whisper

I have given three talks on this topic: two at the regional level and one at the international level.

• emacsconf23 talk speech-to-text and speech-to-commands, 2023 Dec. 2 on YouTube
• PyTexas talk: Voice computing with Python in Jupyter notebooks (slides and audio), 2024 Apr. 21
• ACA slideshow (no video), 2024 July 8

These are some programming tools designed to support greater writing productivity. There are three elements: progress tracking, support for manuscript writing in LaTeX, and the writing log. The last is very helpful for organizing and managing a writing project. It is analogous to a project-specific laboratory notebook.

• Books about scientific writing mapped to voice triggers

Progress tracking can support momentum and enthusiasm for writing tasks that cannot be completed in one sitting.

• Track writing progress in 2024 and 2025 Enables tracking effort on separate projects and generates plots of cumulative effort across projects in bar plots. Updating the records at the end of the day takes only several minutes. Required tracking start and stop times,
• TimeSpent Hourly time tracking by project with Google Sheets. This is useful for making monthly time reports and learning how much various writing projects take. It requires updating every several hours throughout the day. Updating the record can be painful if you fall behind by a day or more. Only some people have the discipline to do time-tracking. If you cannot do it, you are "regressing towards the mean" as Sir Francis Galton would say.
• Writing contract template This contract is in Microsoft Word, Markdown, LaTeX, and org-mode. This accountability system works only if your partner is similarly committed to daily writing. I had a good run of four years with one person from out of state. I would consider doing this again.

• LaTeX classic manuscript template Generic and classic template for the first submission as a PDF. Has enhanced headers for easing sorting of pages when stored with two or more manuscripts while traveling.
• Typst classic manuscript template Generic and classic template for the first submission as a PDF. Has enhanced headers for easing sorting of pages when stored with two or more manuscripts while traveling.
• Org-mode classic manuscript template Generic and classic template for the first submission as a PDF. Has enhanced headers for easing sorting of pages when stored with two or more manuscripts while traveling.
• Annotated bibliography Template in LaTeX Classic and boring variant.
• Modular annotated bibliography with BibTeX in LaTeX Modular annotation files for reuse and to evade mangling by BibTeX. Can be fully illustrated and include multiple paragraph. Includes index, glossaries, and Literature Cited for references outside the annotated bibliography. Drag and drop zip file available for instant gratification on Overleaf.
• Modular annotated bibliography with BibLaTeX in LaTeX Modular annotation files for reuse and to evade mangling by biber. Can be fully illustrated and include multiple paragraph. Includes index, glossaries, and Literature Cited for references outside the annotated bibliography. Drag and drop zip file available for instant gratification on Overleaf.
• bib2item3 Python script to convert bibtex.bib file to bibitems in the tex file format. Bibitems are required by some publishers. They are tedious to create manually.
• Emacsconf 2022 talk about GhostText on YouTube, December 2022 Includes a demonstration of using Emacs to edit a document stored in Overleaf.
• LaTeX Voice In Plus library of speech-to-text commands

• Writing Log template in LaTeX. This is the favored format. LaTeX beginning users can easily use this document on Overleaf without any configuration.
• Writing log template in Org-mode Has all of the features of the LaTeX variant. Favored by many Emacs users. Org-mode is a powerful analog of markdown that can interpret LaTeX code blocks. If you are a LaTeX user, you can view org-mode as LaTeX with extensions that ease the assembly of tables, support time management via org-agenda, support knowledge management via org-roam, and support interactive computing.
• Writing log template in typst Typst is a new alternative to LaTeX. It is built on top of Rust and instantly compiles small documents like this writing log.
• Writing log template in reStructuredText reStructuredText is used by programmers for documentation.
• Writing log template in Markdown Markdown variant. Rendered to PDF by most good text editors.
• Writing log template in ODT ODT can be read by Open Office, LibreOffice, and MS Word.
• Writing log template in DOCX for MS Word MS Word variant--the least suitable format for this task, in my opinion.

• Snippets in Jupyter Notebooks, OKC Python Meetup, 10 May 2019.
• Why develop a snippet library for Jupyter in your subject domain? JupyterCon 2020.
• Reproducible molecular graphics with Org-mode, EmacsConf 2021.
• Edit live Jupyter notebook cells with Emacs, EmacsConf 2022.
• Enhancing productivity with voice computing, EmacsConf 2023.
• Managing multiple writing projects, Data Science Workshop, Jan. 2024.
• Voice Computing with Python in Jupyter Notebooks PyTexas 2024, Austin, Texas: April 21, 2024.

• NIH: R01 CA242845
• NIH: R01 AI088011
• NIH: P30 CA225520 (PI: R. Mannel)
• NIH P20GM103640 and P30GM145423 (PI: A. West)

MooersLab/MooersLab is a ✨ special ✨ repository because its README.md (this file) appears on his GitHub profile 👋.