RAK831

This tutorial will show you how to add a LoRa Gateway using a RAK831 LoRa Gateway Concentrator Module and a Raspberry Pi 3 to OpenChirp. You need to get a RAK831 board as well as a RPI adapter that can usually be purchased together. This gateway is based on the Semtech AP1 design (not quite as good as the AP2, but fine for most purposes) and has worked quite well for us in testing. We did however replace the stock antenna with a larger one.

You can also buy a kit with adapter boards at [AliExpress] [with RPI] [with GPS].

.

Create an OpenChirp Device and Generate the Device Token

Please follow the Devices Tutorial to create an OpenChirp Device and Generate a Device Token. You will need the device id, endpoint, and the device token later for configuring the lora-gateway-bridge. Use the LoRa Gateway Template when making your device so you have all of the standard transducers. After you are done setting up your RPI, you will install a LoRaWAN Gateway Service which will take a gateway_ID that is generated from the software running on your PI.

Install the Raspbian operating system

Use the Raspbian website to download the latest Raspbian Stretch Lite operating system and flash it to the SD card. Plug in a monitor and USB keyboard to the PI. After booting into the operating system used the raspi-config command to enable the SPI interface (under "Interface Options" menu). Reboot the OS. While in raspi-config and under "Interface Options" you might want to also enable ssh for remote access. You can run ifconfig to see your IP address.

Login and setup user accounts: Linux Users

Setup wireless: CLI WiFi Config

You likely want to run "sudo apt-get update" to update the latest package list.

Adjusting the Clock

# Setting the Time Zone, Date, and Time
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York /etc/localtime

# Install the NTP package
sudo apt install ntp ntpstat

# Add local ntp servers to /etc/ntp.conf and restart the service
# (Use a list of ntp server close the LoRa Gateway)
server 0.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst preempt
server 1.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst preempt
server 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst preempt
server 3.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst preempt

server new-parsley.srv.cs.cmu.edu  iburst preempt
server new-sage.srv.cs.cmu.edu     iburst preempt
server new-rosemary.srv.cs.cmu.edu iburst preempt
server coriander.srv.cs.cmu.edu    iburst preempt
server fennel.srv.cs.cmu.edu       iburst preempt
server paprika.srv.cs.cmu.edu      iburst preempt

server time.nist.gov preempt

server time1.google.com iburst preempt
server time2.google.com iburst preempt
server time3.google.com iburst preempt
server time4.google.com iburst preempt

server time1.apple.com preempt
server time2.apple.com preempt
server time3.apple.com preempt
server time4.apple.com preempt
server time5.apple.com preempt
server time6.apple.com preempt
server time7.apple.com preempt

# Restart the service
sudo systemctl restart ntp

# Check if the servers are used and if the time has been adjusted 
ntpq -pn
date

# Update the hardware clock (if present)
hwclock -u -w

Install the LoRa Packet Forwarder

Download the latest release of the precompiled Packet Forwarder installer (.deb) from the Openchirp repo.

For example:

wget https://github.com/OpenChirp/lora_gateway_pf/releases/download/v1.0.6/lora-gateway-pf_1.0.6_armhf.deb

Install the package

sudo dpkg -i lora-gateway-pf_1.0.6_armhf.deb

edit lora-gateway-pf config

sudo nano /opt/lora-gateway-pf/scripts/gwrst.sh
change RESET_PIN to 17 instead of 7 and save

Copy the right region file

cd /etc/lora-gateway-pf/
sudo cp aux/global_conf_[_REGION_].json global_conf.json

Start the service

sudo systemctl start lora-gateway-pf

Confirm that the service is running

systemctl status lora-gateway-pf

Install the LoRa Gateway Bridge

Download the latest release of the precompiled LoRa Gateway Bridge (lora-gateway-bridge_x.x.x-x_armhf.deb) from the OpenChirp lora-gateway-bridge releases page.

wget https://github.com/OpenChirp/lora-gateway-bridge/releases/download/OC-2.1.5-23/lora-gateway-bridge_2.1.5-23-gdc983b1_armhf.deb

Install the package

sudo dpkg -i lora-gateway-bridge_2.1.5-23-gdc983b1_armhf.deb

Configure the gateway bridge service by modifying /etc/default/lora-gateway-bridge. Please set the following parameters as indicated:

• MQTT_SERVER="tls://mqtt.openchirp.io:8883"
• MQTT_PREFIX="<your_openchirp_device_endpoint> available on the OC website for your device"
• MQTT_USERNAME="<your_openchirp_device_id> which is the last 24 digits, number part, of the endpoint"
• MQTT_PASSWORD="<your_openchirp_device_generated_token>"

<your_openchirp_device_endpoint>, <your_openchirp_device_id>, and <your_openchirp_device_generated_token> should be replaced based on your OpenChirp device you created earlier.

Start the service and confirm that it is running properly

sudo systemctl start lora-gateway-bridge
sudo systemctl status lora-gateway-bridge

Link OpenChirp Gateway Service

After starting the service a gateway ID is composed from the Ethernet MAC address. It is stored in the local configuration file (/etc/lora-gateway-pf/local_conf.json) as gateway_ID. This ID is needed by OpenChirp. To get it run:

cat /etc/lora-gateway-pf/local_conf.json

Using the OpenChirp.io website, navigate to your previously created OpenChirp Device. Navigate to the Services tab and click Link Service. Select LoRaWAN Gateway, input your gateway_ID, and click Save. After refreshing the page, you should see a status that indicates your gateway was registered with the provided ID.

You may also want to add the TimeSeries service for visualizing debug data over time.

Fake GPS coordinates

Edit /etc/lora-gateway-pf/local_conf.json

add fake_GPS options:

{
 "gateway_conf": {
     "gateway_ID": "xxxxxxxxxxx",
     "autoquit_threshold": 5,
     //"gps_tty_path": "/dev/ttyAMA0",
     "server_address": "localhost",
     "serv_port_up": 1700,
     "serv_port_down": 1700,
     "fake_gps": true,
     "ref_latitude": 40.244362,
     "ref_longitude": -79.519109,
     "ref_altitude": 0
 }
}