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paper/paper.bib

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+@Article{Madore2020,
+author={Madore, Kevin P.
+and Khazenzon, Anna M.
+and Backes, Cameron W.
+and Jiang, Jiefeng
+and Uncapher, Melina R.
+and Norcia, Anthony M.
+and Wagner, Anthony D.},
+title={Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking},
+journal={Nature},
+year={2020},
+month={Nov},
+day={01},
+volume={587},
+number={7832},
+pages={87-91},
+abstract={With the explosion of digital media and technologies, scholars, educators and the public have become increasingly vocal about the role that an `attention economy' has in our lives1. The rise of the current digital culture coincides with longstanding scientific questions about why humans sometimes remember and sometimes forget, and why some individuals remember better than others2--6. Here we examine whether spontaneous attention lapses---in the moment7--12, across individuals13--15 and as a function of everyday media multitasking16--19---negatively correlate with remembering. Electroencephalography and pupillometry measures of attention20,21 were recorded as eighty young adults (mean age, 21.7 years) performed a goal-directed episodic encoding and retrieval task22. Trait-level sustained attention was further quantified using task-based23 and questionnaire measures24,25. Using trial-to-trial retrieval data, we show that tonic lapses in attention in the moment before remembering, assayed by posterior alpha power and pupil diameter, were correlated with reductions in neural signals of goal coding and memory, along with behavioural forgetting. Independent measures of trait-level attention lapsing mediated the relationship between neural assays of lapsing and memory performance, and between media multitasking and memory. Attention lapses partially account for why we remember or forget in the moment, and why some individuals remember better than others. Heavier media multitasking is associated with a propensity to have attention lapses and forget.},
+issn={1476-4687},
+doi={10.1038/s41586-020-2870-z},
+url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2870-z}
+}
+@article{LEUNG2023,
+title = {Behavioral and physiological sensitivity to natural sick faces},
+journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity},
+volume = {110},
+pages = {195-211},
+year = {2023},
+issn = {0889-1591},
+doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.007},
+url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159123000648},
+author = {Tiffany S. Leung and Sarah E. Maylott and Guangyu Zeng and Diana N. Nascimben and Krisztina V. Jakobsen and Elizabeth A. Simpson},
+keywords = {Pathogen avoidance, Face perception, Sickness detection, Facial health, Visual attention, Behavioral immune system, Pupil dilation, Autonomic arousal, Physiology},
+abstract = {The capacity to rapidly detect and avoid sick people may be adaptive. Given that faces are reliably available, as well as rapidly detected and processed, they may provide health information that influences social interaction. Prior studies used faces that were manipulated to appear sick (e.g., editing photos, inducing inflammatory response); however, responses to naturally sick faces remain largely unexplored. We tested whether adults detected subtle cues of genuine, acute, potentially contagious illness in face photos compared to the same individuals when healthy. We tracked illness symptoms and severity with the Sickness Questionnaire and Common Cold Questionnaire. We also checked that sick and healthy photos were matched on low-level features. We found that participants (N = 109) rated sick faces, compared to healthy faces, as sicker, more dangerous, and eliciting more unpleasant feelings. Participants (N = 90) rated sick faces as more likely to be avoided, more tired, and more negative in expression than healthy faces. In a passive-viewing eye-tracking task, participants (N = 50) looked longer at healthy than sick faces, especially the eye region, suggesting people may be more drawn to healthy conspecifics. When making approach-avoidance decisions, participants (N = 112) had greater pupil dilation to sick than healthy faces, and more pupil dilation was associated with greater avoidance, suggesting elevated arousal to threat. Across all experiments, participants’ behaviors correlated with the degree of sickness, as reported by the face donors, suggesting a nuanced, fine-tuned sensitivity. Together, these findings suggest that humans may detect subtle threats of contagion from sick faces, which may facilitate illness avoidance. By better understanding how humans naturally avoid illness in conspecifics, we may identify what information is used and ultimately improve public health.}
+}
 @article{Cheng2019,
 abstract = {Attention turns looking, into seeing. Yet, little developmental research has examined the interface of attention and visual working memory (VWM), where what is seen is maintained for use in ongoing visual tasks. Using the task-evoked pupil response – a sensitive, real-time, involuntary measure of focused attention that has been shown to correlate with VWM performance in adults and older children – we examined the relationship between focused attention and VWM in 13-month-olds. We used a Delayed Match Retrieval paradigm, to test infants' VWM for object-location bindings – what went where – while recording anticipatory gaze responses and pupil dilation. We found that infants with greater focused attention during memory encoding showed significantly better memory performance. As well, trials that ended in a correct response had significantly greater pupil response during memory encoding than incorrect trials. Taken together, this shows that pupillometry can be used as a measure of focused attention in infants, and a means to identify those individuals, or moments, where cognitive effort is maximized.},
 author = {Cheng, Chen and Kaldy, Zsuzsa and Blaser, Erik},