IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformer

This repo contains an official PyTorch implementation of our paper: IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformer.

📰1 News

• [2024/09/28] 🎉🎉Our latest work IMDL-BenCo, a modular codebase and benchmark for image manipulation detection/localization has been accepted by NeurIPS 2024 Dataset and Benchmark Track as spotlight! Welcome to follow!🎉🎉
• [2024/03/24] We released the latest IML-ViT checkpoint, including a better CASIAv2 trianed checkpoint and a CAT-Net protocol checkpoint (TruFor also follow this protocol). The default checkpoint for our Google Colab Demo will be replaced with them. Download links: Google Drive or Baidu NetDisk.
• [2024/03/19] We have received numerous requests concerning datasets such as COVERAGE, primarily due to resolution discrepancies between images and masks. Consequently, we have uploaded several IML datasets that have been meticulously corrected to the IML-Dataset-Corrections repository for the convenience of the research community.
• [2023/12/24] Training code released! Welcome to discuss and report the bugs and interesting findings! We will try our best to improve this work.
• [2023/10/03] 🎉🎉 Our work that applies Contrastive learning on the image manipulation localization task to solve data insufficiency problem, NCL-IML, is accepted by ICCV2023! 🎉🎉
  • [paper][code]

2 Our environment

Ubuntu LTS 20.04.1

CUDA 11.7 + cudnn 8.4.0

Python 3.8

PyTorch 1.11

3 Quick Start

3.1 Google Colab Demo

• We highly recommend you try out our IML-ViT model on Colab!
• We also prepared a playground for you to test our model with various images on the Internet conveniently.
  • 

3.2 A Simple Offline Demo

Currently, You can follow the tutorial to experience the running pipeline of IML-ViT. The only difference from the Colab version is the lack of a playground for testing online images.

• Step 1: You should install the packages in requirements.txt with pip install -r requirements.txt first.
• Step 2: You should download the pre-trained IML-ViT weights from Google Drive or Baidu NetDisk and place the checkpoint you selected as ./checkpoints/iml-vit_checkpoint.pth.
• Step 3: You can follow the instructions in Demo.ipynb to see how we pad the images and inference with the IML-ViT.

3.3 Training on your datasets

Now training code for IML-ViT is released!

First, you may prepare the dataset to fit the protocol of our dataloader for a quick start. Or, you can design your dataloader and modify the corresponding interfaces.

3.3.1 Prepare IML Datasets

• We defined two types of Dataset class
  • json_dataset, which gets input image and corresponding ground truth from a JSON file with a protocol like this:

    [
        [
          "/Dataset/CASIAv2/Tp/Tp_D_NRN_S_N_arc00013_sec00045_11700.jpg",
          "/Dataset/CASIAv2/Gt/Tp_D_NRN_S_N_arc00013_sec00045_11700_gt.png"
        ],
        ......
        [
          "/Dataset/CASIAv2/Au/Au_nat_30198.jpg",
          "Negative"
        ],
        ......
    ]
    

    where "Negative" represents a totally black ground truth that doesn't need a path (all authentic)
  • mani_dataset which loads images and ground truth pairs automatically from a directory having sub-directories named Tp (for input images) and Gt (for ground truths). This class will generate the pairs using the sorted os.listdir() function. You can take images\sample_iml_dataset as an example.
• These datasets will do zero-padding automatically. Standard augmentation methods like ImageNet normalization will also be added.
• Both datasets can generate edge_mask when specifying the edge_width parameter. Then, this dataset will return 3 objects (image, GT, edge mask) while only 2 objects when edge_width=None.
• For inference, returning the actual shape of the original image is crucial. You can set if_return_shape=True to get this value.

Thus, you may revise your dataset like mani_dataset or generate a json file for each dataset you are willing to train or test. We have prepared the Naive IML transforms class and edge mask generator class. You can call them directly using json_dataset or mani_dataset in ./utils/datasets.py to check if your revising is correct.

3.3.2 Prepare the Pre-trained Weights

You may follow the instructions to download the Masked Autoencoder pre-trained weights before training. Thanks for their impressive work and their open-source contributions!

3.3.3 Start Training Script

The main entrance is main_train.py, you may use the following script to call training on Linux:

torchrun \
  --standalone \
  --nnodes=1 \
  --nproc_per_node=1 \
main_train.py \
  --world_size 1 \
  --batch_size 1 \
  --data_path "<Your custom dataset path>/CASIA2.0" \
  --epochs 200 \
  --lr 1e-4 \
  --min_lr 5e-7 \
  --weight_decay 0.05 \
  --edge_lambda 20 \
  --predict_head_norm "BN" \
  --vit_pretrain_path "<Your path to pre-trained weights >/mae_pretrain_vit_base.pth" \
  --test_data_path "<Your custom dataset path>/CASIA1.0" \
  --warmup_epochs 4 \
  --output_dir ./output_dir/ \
  --log_dir ./output_dir/  \
  --accum_iter 8 \
  --seed 42 \
  --test_period 4 \
  --num_workers 4 \
  2> train_error.log 1>train_log.log

data_path is for training dataset test_data_path is for testing dataset during the training process vit_pretrain_path is the path for MAE pre-trained ViT weights

You should modify the path in <> to your custom path. The default settings are generally recommended training parameters, but if you have a more powerful device, increasing the batch size and adjusting other parameters appropriately is also acceptable.

Note that we observed that the predict_head_norm parameter, i.e. norm type of the predict_head may greatly influence the performance of the model. Some conclusions are here:

We tested three different types of normalization in the decoder head, and they may yield different results due to dataset configurations and other factors. Some intuitive conclusions are as follows:

• "LN" -> Layer norm : The fastest convergence, but poor generalization performance.
• "BN" Batch norm : When include authentic images during training, set batchsize = 2 may have poor performance. But if you can train with larger batchsize (e.g. NVIDIA A40 with 48GB memory can train with batchsize = 4) It may performs better.
• "IN" Instance norm : A form that can definitely converge, equivalent to a batchnorm with batchsize=1. When abnormal behavior is observed with BatchNorm, one can consider trying Instance Normalization. It's important to note that in this case, the settings of nn.InstanceNorm2d should include setting track_running_stats and affine to True, rather than the default settings in PyTorch.

Anyway, We sincerely welcome to report other strange/shocking findings among the parameter settings in the issue. This can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the inherent properties of IML-ViT in the research community.

For more information, you may use python main_train.py -h to see the full help list of the command arguments.

3.3.4 Monitor the Training Process

We recommend you monitor the training process with the following measures:

• Check the logging file:
  • We have redirected the standard output to the train_log.log file. If the training proceeds correctly, you can check the latest status at the end of this file.
• Using TensorBoard
  • For a more vivid and straightforward visualization, you can call a Tensorboad process under the ./output_dir with the command tensorboard --logdir ./. Then you can see the statistics and graphs with Internet Explorer.

3.3.5 Visualize the results

You can use our Colab demo or offline demo to check the performance of our powerful IML-ViT model. The only difference is to replace the default checkpoint with your own.

4 Links

If you want to train this Model with the CASIAv2 dataset, we provide a revised version of CASIAv2 datasets, which corrected several mistakes in the original datasets provided by the author. Details can be found in the link shown below:

5 Citation

If you find our work interesting or helpful, please don't hesitate to give us a star🌟 and cite our paper🥰! Your support truly encourages us!

@misc{ma2023imlvit,
      title={IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformer}, 
      author={Xiaochen Ma and Bo Du and Zhuohang Jiang and Ahmed Y. Al Hammadi and Jizhe Zhou},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2307.14863},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV}
}

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