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TLCFEM committed Sep 16, 2024
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20 changes: 11 additions & 9 deletions docs/Library/Material/Material1D/vonMises/ArmstrongFrederick1D.md
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Expand Up @@ -9,24 +9,26 @@ for details on the theory.

## Theory

A von Mises type yield function is used. The associated plasticity is assumed. Both isotropic and kinematic hardening
rules are employed.
A von Mises type yield function is used.
The associated plasticity is assumed.
Both isotropic and kinematic hardening rules are employed.

### Isotropic Hardening

An exponential function is added to the linear hardening law.

$$
k=\sigma_y+k_s(1-e^{-mp})+k_lp,
\sigma_y=\sigma_i+\sigma_s(1-e^{-mp})+k_lp,
$$

where $$\sigma_y$$ is the initial elastic limit (yielding stress), $$k_s$$ is the saturated stress, $$k_l$$ is the
where $$\sigma_i$$ is the initial elastic limit (yielding stress), $$\sigma_s$$ is the saturation stress, $$k_l$$ is the
linear hardening modulus, $$m$$ is a constant that controls the speed of hardening,
$$\mathrm{d}p=\Big|\mathrm{d}\varepsilon^p\Big|$$ is the rate of accumulated plastic strain $$p$$.

### Kinematic Hardening

The Armstrong-Frederick type rule is used. Multiple back stresses are defined,
The Armstrong-Frederick type rule is used.
Multiple back stresses are defined,

$$
\beta=\sum\beta^i
Expand All @@ -46,9 +48,9 @@ where $$a^i$$ and $$b^i$$ are material constants.
material ArmstrongFrederick1D (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) [(7) (8)...] [9]
# (1) int, unique material tag
# (2) double, elastic modulus
# (3) double, yield stress
# (4) double, saturated stress
# (5) double, linear hardening modulus
# (3) double, yield stress, \sigma_i
# (4) double, saturation stress, \sigma_s
# (5) double, linear hardening modulus, k_l
# (6) double, m
# (7) double, a
# (8) double, b
Expand All @@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ material ArmstrongFrederick1D 1 2E2 0. 0. 0. 0. 50 500.
The maximum stress can be computed as

$$
\sigma_{max}=\sigma_y+\sum\dfrac{a^i}{b^i}=100~\mathrm{MPa}.
\sigma_{max}=\sigma_y+\sum\dfrac{a^i}{b^i}=\dfrac{50}{500}=0.1.
$$

![Example 1](ArmstrongFrederick1D.EX1.svg)

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