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Czechtina

Current version: 0.1.6.5

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Czechtina is programming language based on C and czech language. Czechtina should be faster to write than c and with additional features, easier to maintain. lot of features are still missing, but it is still in development. Compiler is written in Kotlin using Klang Library For more information about language see CHANGELOG.md

Good to know

Czechtina started as preprocesor language for C. I had to renamed it to czecheader.

Example

czecheader is completely valid to write in c.

#include <stdio.h>
#include "czechtina.h"

cele zacatek bal pak
    vypisaj rozbal "Hello World!" zabal kafe
    finito
potom

Now you can also write in czechtina, which is compiled to c.

pripoj c stdio

fce1 x:cele { cele
    y je x plus 2
    vrat y
}

timesTwo x:cele -> x * 2

main {
    x je 't' plus (1 plus 2) krat 3 deleno 1 minus 4
    x je timesTwo x
    for i -> 0 do 10 ->
        printf "%d", i
    printf "%d", x
    vrat 0
}

which is compiled to c

#include "stdio.h"

int timesTwo(int x);
int fce1(int x);



int timesTwo(int x) {
	return x * 2;
}

int fce1(int x) {
	int y = x + 2;
	return y;
}

int main() {
	int x = 't' + (1 + 2) * 3 / 1 - 4;
	x = timesTwo(x);
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i = i + 1) 
		printf("%d",i);
	printf("%d",x);
	return 0;
}

Syntax

Variables

Definition

VAR_NAME:<TYPE>

Assignment

VAR_NAME je <VALUE>

Type Casting

VAR_NAME je <VALUE> jako <TYPE> VAR_NAME je <VALUE> as <TYPE>

Type Deduction

VAR_NAME je <VALUE>

Function Definition

main function has to exist for file to compile.

Normal way

fce1 x:cele { cele
    y je x plus 2
    vrat y
}

Inline way

fce1 x:cele -> x krat 2

Syntax: <FUNC_NAME> ...params { <FUNC_RET_TYPE> ...lines } <FUNC_NAME> ...params -> <FUNC_RET_TYPE> expression

Function calling

Without param zavolej <FUNC_NAME>

With param <FUNC_NAME> ...paramas

Nested Calling <FUNC_NAME> (<FUNC_NAME> ...params) ...params

Working with memory

Allocating memory

VAR_NAME je new <SIZE>

Moving ownership of memory to function

Setted as paramater in function via &

reduceArr x:&pointer<int>, size:int {
    //do something with x
    //x is deallocated after function ends
}

Calling function with &, it creates variant of function with memory deallocation

another x:pointer<int> ....

main {
    arr je new 10 jako pointer<int>
    another &arr, 10
}

Function Overloading

fce1 x:cele -> x krat 2
fce1 x:pointer<cele> -> (hodnota x) krat 2

Function Templating

fce1 x:T -> x krat 2
fce1 x:T, y:T -> x krat y
fce1 x:T, y:T1 -> x krat y

For Loops

opakuj i -> 1 az 10 {
	//will be executed 0,1,2,3...8,9,10
}

opakuj i:cele -> 1 do 10 {
	//will be executed 0,1,2,3...7,8,9
}

opakuj i je 0; i < 10; i je i + 1 {
	// like c
}

Dump Types

Pointers

Definition: VAR_NAME: ukazatel<TYP> To get address of variable use virtual Function adresa

VIRTUAL FUNCTIONS

adresa VAR_NAME => &VAR_NAME

hodnota VAR_NAME => *VAR_NAME

new COUNT => malloc(COUNT)

throw string => printf("%s", string); exit(1);

print any => it prints any type

print any, any, any => it prints any type

println any => it prints any type with new line

inC string => to write C code

Arrays

VAR_NAME: pole<TYP> VAR_NAME: pole<TYP, count>

Importing

Importing C header files

pripoj c NAME

• NAME without .h extension
• Import lines must be on top of the file

Importing czechtina files

Preprocessor like link

pripoj NAME - links file NAME.cz to current file

Old Table for czecheader (czechtina.h)

Table here

Building compiler

./gradlew build

Using Compiler

java -jar czechtina.jar build/ukol.cz --no-compile --fpeterek --friendly --set-dir build

• arg[0] - Path to file with main function
• --help - Show this help
• --no-compile - Do not compile the output C code, it will be created in the same directory as the input file
• --show-tree - Show the AST tree
• --write-code - Write Code in comment before C code
• --debug - Show debug utils
• --fpeterek - Uses macros from old czechtina.h file
• --friendly - Generate valid C without macros in comment bellow code
• --set-dir - Set dir for file creation

TODO

• std lib
• string anotation
• file structure
• rest of loop features.
• nacti function
• objects
• range definition
• pointer array borrow checking
• check validation of return type

Credits

Jonatan Lepik - assistance on keywords veget and bal

Jirka Ježek - Klang developer