Update flake8 and clang-tidy linters

[patrick-5546]

Description

• Resolves Clang tidy takes a long time #99

• Use a custom configuration file for flake8 to be compatible with the black formatter (ignore E203)
  • This was created from the default ament_flake8 configuration file
• Use the source code of ament clang tidy to run clang tidy
  • Can lint files in parallel, decreasing time
  • Started from Clang tidy add extra arg option and return 1 when any error is catched. ament/ament_lint#452, which contains a bug fix that has not been merged yet
  • Added a function to exclude files

Future steps

Once the bug fix has been merged:

• Create a PR in https://github.com/athackst/vscode-ament-task-provider to add support for clang tidy
  • Can use the PR adding mypy support as reference: Add support for mypy athackst/vscode-ament-task-provider#201
  • Use the problem matcher in the vscode task
• Combine clang-tidy CI into ament-lint CI

To do

• Create an issue for future steps: Use ament clang tidy #180

Verification

• CI passes when no lint errors
• CI fails when there are lint errors

Resources

[patrick-5546]

Not noticeably faster than previous implementation in CI (8-10min -> 7-8). However on my local machine it goes from 2.5min to 0.5min. Not sure if it is CPU or memory constrained in CI (has 2 cores and 7GB RAM). Could play around with the number of parallel jobs (currently 16)

[patrick-5546]

Reduction in CI runtimes come from the fact that we are now not running clang-tidy during build.

• colcon-test: 5min -> 2min
• clang-tidy: 7min -> 4min