Microservices based E-Commerce App - Deployed on Kubernetes

In this demo application, we are going to deploy a microservices based E-Commerce web application with 11 microservices on Kubernetes.

Application credit to Google Cloud Platform.

Description

Online Boutique is a cloud-native microservices demo application. Online Boutique consists of a 11-tier microservices application. The application is a web-based e-commerce app where users can browse items, add them to the cart, and purchase them.

Google uses this application to demonstrate use of technologies like Kubernetes/GKE, Istio, Stackdriver, gRPC and OpenCensus. This application works on any Kubernetes cluster, as well as Google Kubernetes Engine. It’s easy to deploy with little to no configuration.

Architecture

Online Boutique is composed of 11 microservices written in different languages that talk to each other over gRPC.

Microservices Detail

As a DevOps engineer, we need following information from the developer, to deploy the Microservices:

• Which microservices need to be deployed?
• Which microservice is talking to which microservice?
• How are they communicating?
  • Directly using API calls
  • Message Broker
  • Service Mesh
• Which database are they using? 3rd Party Services
• On which port does each microservice run?
• Which service is accessible form outside the K8s cluter?

Note: In this microservices demo, Redis as a Message Broker or in-memory database is being used.

Brief Description of Microservices

Microservice	Language	Description
frontend	Go	Exposes an HTTP server to serve the website. Does not require signup/login and generates session IDs for all users automatically.
cartservice	C#	Stores the items in the user's shopping cart in Redis and retrieves it.
productcatalogservice	Go	Provides the list of products from a JSON file and ability to search products and get individual products.
currencyservice	Nodejs	Converts one money amount to another currency. Uses real values fetched from European Central Bank. It's the highest QPS service.
paymentservice	Nodejs	Charges the given credit card info (mock) with the given amount and returns a transaction ID.
shippingservice	Go	Gives shipping cost estimates based on the shopping cart. Ships items to the given address (mock).
emailservice	Python	Sends users an order confirmation email (mock).
checkoutservice	Go	Retrieves user cart, prepares order and orchestrates the payment, shipping and the email notification.
recommendationservice	Python	Recommends other products based on what's given in the cart.
adservice	Java	Provides text ads based on given context words.
loadgenerator	Python/Locust	Continuously sends requests imitating realistic user shopping flows to the frontend.

Microservices Ports and Env. Variables

Microservice	Working on Port	Env. Variables	Image Path
frontend	8080	PORT="8080" - PRODUCT_CATALOG_SERVICE_ADDR="productcatalogservice:3550" CURRENCY_SERVICE_ADDR="currencyservice:7000" CART_SERVICE_ADDR="cartservice:7070" RECOMMENDATION_SERVICE_ADDR="recommendationservice:8080" SHIPPING_SERVICE_ADDR="shippingservice:50051" CHECKOUT_SERVICE_ADDR="checkoutservice:5050" AD_SERVICE_ADDR="adservice:9555"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/frontend:v0.6.0
cartservice	7070	PORT="7070" - REDIS_ADDR="redis-cart:6379"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/cartservice:v0.6.0
productcatalogservice	3550	PORT="3550"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/productcatalogservice:v0.6.0
currencyservice	7000	PORT="7000"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/currencyservice:v0.6.0
paymentservice	50051	PORT="50051"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/paymentservice:v0.6.0
shippingservice	50051	PORT="50051"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/shippingservice:v0.6.0
emailservice	8080	PORT="8080"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/emailservice:v0.6.0
checkoutservice	5050	PORT="5050" - PRODUCT_CATALOG_SERVICE_ADDR="productcatalogservice:3550" SHIPPING_SERVICE_ADDR="shippingservice:50051" PAYMENT_SERVICE_ADDR="paymentservice:50051" EMAIL_SERVICE_ADDR="emailservice:5000" CURRENCY_SERVICE_ADDR="currencyservice:7000" CART_SERVICE_ADDR="cartservice:7070"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/checkoutservice:v0.6.0
recommendationservice	8080	PORT="8080" - PRODUCT_CATALOG_SERVICE_ADDR="productcatalogservice:3550"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/recommendationservice:v0.6.0
adservice	9555	PORT="9555"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/adservice:v0.6.0
loadgenerator		FRONTEND_ADDR="frontend:80" - USERS="10"	gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/loadgenerator:v0.6.0

Create Deployment and Service Configurations

In this section we are going to create Deployment and Service configuration files for all microservices.

For simplicity we'll create a single manifest file, i.e. kubernetes-manifests/simple-config.yaml, for all microservices, so that we can deploy them in a single go.

Email Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: emailservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: emailservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels: 
        app: emailservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/emailservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "8080"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: emailservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: emailservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 5000
    targetPort: 8080

Recommendation Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: recommendationservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: recommendationservice
  template:
    metadata: 
      labels:
        app: recommendationservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/recommendationservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "8080"
        - name: PRODUCT_CATALOG_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "productcatalogservice:3550"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: recommendationservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: recommendationservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080

Product Catalog Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: productcatalogservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: productcatalogservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: productcatalogservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/productcatalogservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 3550
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "3550"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: productcatalogservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: productcatalogservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 3550
    targetPort: 3550

Payment Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: paymentservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: paymentservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: paymentservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/paymentservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 50051
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "50051"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: paymentservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: paymentservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 50051
    targetPort: 50051

Currency Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: currencyservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: currencyservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: currencyservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/currencyservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 7000
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "7000"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: currencyservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: currencyservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 7000
    targetPort: 7000

Shipping Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: shippingservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: shippingservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: shippingservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/shippingservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 50051
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "50051"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: shippingservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: shippingservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 50051
    targetPort: 50051

Ad Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: adservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: adservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: adservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/adservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 9555
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "9555"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: adservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: adservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 9555
    targetPort: 9555

Cart Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: cartservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cartservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cartservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/cartservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 7070
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "7070"
        - name: REDIS_ADDR
          value: "redis-cart:6379"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: cartservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: cartservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 7070
    targetPort: 7070

Redis Cart Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis-cart
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: redis-cart
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: redis-cart
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: redis
        image: redis:alpine
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 6379
        volumeMounts:
        - name: redis-data
          mountPath: /data
      volumes: 
      - name: redis-data
        emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis-cart
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: redis-cart
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 6379
    targetPort: 6379

Checkout Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: checkoutservice
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: checkoutservice
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: checkoutservice
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/checkoutservice:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 5050
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "5050"
        - name: PRODUCT_CATALOG_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "productcatalogservice:3550"
        - name: SHIPPING_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "shippingservice:50051"
        - name: PAYMENT_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "paymentservice:50051"
        - name: EMAIL_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "emailservice:5000"
        - name: CURRENCY_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "currencyservice:7000"
        - name: CART_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "cartservice:7070"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: checkoutservice
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: checkoutservice
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 5050
    targetPort: 5050

Frontend Service Manifest

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: frontend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: service
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/microservices-demo/frontend:v0.6.0
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "8080"
        - name: PRODUCT_CATALOG_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "productcatalogservice:3550"
        - name: CURRENCY_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "currencyservice:7000"
        - name: CART_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "cartservice:7070"
        - name: RECOMMENDATION_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "recommendationservice:8080"
        - name: SHIPPING_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "shippingservice:50051"
        - name: CHECKOUT_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "checkoutservice:5050"
        - name: AD_SERVICE_ADDR
          value: "adservice:9555"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: frontend
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP 
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080
    nodePort: 30007

Deploying Microservices into K8s Cluster

It is time to deploy all microservices into the K8s cluster, i.e. Minikube.

Before deployment let us create a separate namespace, so that all microservices work under this namespace.

Create Namespace

Run following command to create namespace.

kubectl create namespace shop-microservices

Deploy Microservices

Run following command to deploy all microservices.

kubectl apply -f simple-config.yaml -n shop-microservices

Application Screenshots