Reduce memory usage in component fetches and change detection filters (…

…#15283)

## Objective

- Adopted #6396

## Solution

Same as #6396, we use a compile-time checked `StorageSwitch` union type
to select the fetch data based on the component's storage type, saving
>= 8 bytes per component fetch in a given query.

Note: We forego the Query iteration change as it exists in a slightly
different form now on main.

## Testing

- All current tests pass locally.

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Co-authored-by: james7132 <contact@jamessliu.com>
Co-authored-by: Chris Russell <8494645+chescock@users.noreply.github.com>