Gruntwork Installer

gruntwork-install is a bash script you run to easily download and install Gruntwork Modules.

Compatibility

Tested under CentOS 7, latest Amazon Linux, and Ubuntu 16.04.

Quick Start

Install gruntwork-install

If gruntwork-install is our approach for installing Gruntwork Modules, how do we install gruntwork-install itself?

Our solution is to make the gruntwork-install tool open source and to publish a bootstrap-gruntwork-installer.sh script that anyone can use to install gruntwork-install itself. To use it, execute the following:

curl -LsS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gruntwork-io/gruntwork-installer/v0.0.38/bootstrap-gruntwork-installer.sh | bash /dev/stdin --version v0.0.38

Notice the --version parameter at the end where you specify which version of gruntwork-install to install. See the releases page for all available versions.

For those concerned about security, see is it safe to pipe URLs into bash? below.

Use gruntwork-install

Authentication

To install scripts and binaries from private GitHub repos, you must create a GitHub access token and set it as the environment variable GITHUB_OAUTH_TOKEN so gruntwork-install can use it to access the repo:

export GITHUB_OAUTH_TOKEN="(your secret token)"

Options

Once that environment variable is set, you can run gruntwork-install with the following options:

Option	Required	Description
--repo	Yes	The GitHub repo to install from.
--tag	Yes	The version of the --repo to install from. Follows the syntax described at Tag Constraint Expressions. This value is exposed to module install scripts as GRUNTWORK_INSTALL_TAG.
--module-name	XOR	The name of a module to install. Can be any folder within the modules directory of --repo. You must specify exactly one of --module-name or --binary-name.
--binary-name	XOR	The name of a binary to install. Can be any file uploaded as a release asset in --repo. You must specify exactly one of --module-name or --binary-name.
--binary-sha256-checksum	No	The SHA256 checksum of the binary specified by --binary-name. Should be exactly 64 characters..
--binary-sha512-checksum	No	The SHA512 checksum of the binary specified by --binary-name. Should be exactly 128 characters..
--module-param	No	A key-value pair of the format key=value you wish to pass to the module as a parameter. May be used multiple times. Note: a -- will automatically be appended to the key when your module is invoked See the documentation for each module to find out what parameters it accepts.
--download-dir	No	The directory to which the module will be downloaded and from which it will be installed.
--binary-install-dir	No	The directory to which the binary will be installed. Only applies to binaries (not modules). Default: DEFAULT_BIN_DIR.
--no-sudo	No	When true, don't use sudo to install the binary into the install directory. Only applies to binaries (not modules). Default: false.
--branch	No	Download the latest commit from this branch in --repo. This is an alternative to --tag, and is used only for testing. This value is exposed to module install scripts as GRUNTWORK_INSTALL_BRANCH.
--ref	No	Download the latest commit from this ref in --repo. This is an alternative to --tag, and is used only for testing. This value is exposed to module install scripts as GRUNTWORK_INSTALL_BRANCH.
--help	No	Show the help text and exit.

Examples

Example 1: Download and Install a Script Module with No Parameters

Install the ecs-scripts module from the terraform-aws-ecs repo, version v0.0.1:

gruntwork-install --module-name 'ecs-scripts' --repo 'https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terraform-aws-ecs' --tag 'v0.0.1'

Example 2: Download and Install a Script Module with Parameters

Install the fail2ban module from the terraform-aws-security repo, passing two custom parameters to it:

gruntwork-install --module-name 'fail2ban' --repo 'terraform-aws-security' --module-param 'ban-time=3600'

Example 3: Download and Install a Binary Module

Install the gruntkms binary from the v0.0.1 release of the gruntkms repo:

gruntwork-install --binary-name 'gruntkms' --repo 'https://github.com/gruntwork-io/gruntkms' --tag 'v0.0.1'

Note that the v0.0.1 release of the gruntkms repo has multiple binaries (gruntkms_linux_amd64, gruntkms_darwin_386, etc): gruntwork-install automatically picks the right binary for your OS and copies it to /usr/local/bin/gruntkms.

Example 4: Use gruntwork-install in a Packer template

Finally, to put all the pieces together, here is an example of a Packer template that installs gruntwork-install and then uses it to install several modules:

{
  "variables": {
    "github_auth_token": "{{env `GITHUB_OAUTH_TOKEN`}}"
  },
  "builders": [
    {
      "ami_name": "gruntwork-install-example-{{isotime | clean_ami_name}}",
      "instance_type": "t2.micro",
      "region": "us-east-1",
      "type": "amazon-ebs",
      "source_ami": "ami-fce3c696",
      "ssh_username": "ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "provisioners": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "inline":
        "curl -Ls https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gruntwork-io/gruntwork-installer/v0.0.38/bootstrap-gruntwork-installer.sh | bash /dev/stdin --version v0.0.16"
    },
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "inline": [
        "gruntwork-install --module-name 'ecs-scripts' --repo 'https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terraform-aws-ecs' --tag 'v0.0.1'",
        "gruntwork-install --module-name 'fail2ban' --repo 'https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terraform-aws-security' -module-param 'ban-time=3600'",
        "gruntwork-install --binary-name 'gruntkms' --repo 'https://github.com/gruntwork-io/gruntkms' --tag 'v0.0.1'"
      ],
      "environment_vars": ["GITHUB_OAUTH_TOKEN={{user `github_auth_token`}}"]
    }
  ]
}

Motivation

At Gruntwork, we've developed a number of scripts and binaries, most of them in private GitHub repos, that perform common infrastructure tasks such as setting up continuous integration, monitoring, log aggregation, and SSH access. Being able to use these "modules" of code typically involves many steps: you download the files (possibly from a private GitHub repo), change their permissions, and run them with the parameters that make sense for your environment.

That basically means lots of custom bash code copied differently across multiple software teams in multiple different contexts. Worse, if we want to update a binary or script to add a new parameter, each team has to modify their own custom code, which can be painful.

We believe we can do better by writing our scripts and binaries in a standardized way, and including a minimal tool that streamlines the process of downloading and installing them. Also, since we give you 100% of the source code, we want it to be clear exactly what happens when you install a Gruntwork Module.

Finally, installation should be streamlined no matter what platform (Windows, MacOS, Linux) you're on. Indeed, our goal is to make installing Gruntwork Script Modules as easy as installing a typical package using apt-get, yum, npm, or similar tools. We would have just used these existing tools, but none offer multi-platform compatibility.

What's a Gruntwork Module?

A Gruntwork Module is a collection of one or more bash scripts and/or binaries maintained by Gruntwork that can be used to add functionality to or configure an environment. There are multiple types of Gruntwork Modules:

• Script Modules: A collection of one or more files and scripts; installed with an install.sh script.
• Binary Modules: A single OS-specific executable binary.

Additional module types may be introduced in the future.

As an example, we have Script Modules for installing a CloudWatch Logs agent, optimizing syslog settings, and setting up automatic security updates. We have a Binary Module for streamlining the use of Amazon Key Management Service (KMS).

Gruntwork sells Infrastructure Packages. Each Infrastructure Package corresponds to a specific GitHub repo and contains one or more Gruntwork Modules. The /modules folder in the repo lists all Modules included with that Package.

Freely Available Script Modules

Some Script Modules are so common that we've made them freely available in the modules/ folder of this repo.

How gruntwork-install Works

gruntwork-install helps you install a Gruntwork Module. Here's how it works:

1. It uses fetch to download the specified version of the scripts or binary from the (public or private) git repo specified via the --repo option.
2. You need to specify either a module name or a binary name.

• If you use the --module-name parameter, it downloads the files from the modules folder of --repo and runs the install.sh script of that module.
• If you use the --binary-name parameter, it downloads the right binary for your OS, copies it to /usr/local/bin, and gives it execute permissions.

Create Your Own Gruntwork Modules

You can use gruntwork-install with any GitHub repo, not just repos maintained by Gruntwork.

That means that to create an installable Script Module, all you have to do is put it in the modules folder of a GitHub repo to which you have access and include an install.sh script. To create a Binary Module, you just publish it to a GitHub release with the name format <NAME>_<OS>_<ARCH>.

Example

For example, in your Packer and Docker templates, you can use gruntwork-install to install the ecs-scripts module as follows:

gruntwork-install --module-name 'ecs-scripts' --repo 'https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terraform-aws-ecs' --tag 'v0.0.1'

In https://github.com/gruntwork-io/module-ecs, we download the contents of /modules/ecs-scripts and run /modules/ecs-scripts/install.sh.

Running tests

The tests for this repo are defined in the test folder. They are designed to run in a Docker container so that you do not repeatedly dirty up your local OS while testing. We've defined a test/docker-compose.yml file as a convenient way to expose the environment variables we need for testing and to mount local directories as volumes for rapid iteration.

To run the tests:

1. Set your GitHub access token as the environment variable GITHUB_OAUTH_TOKEN.
2. ./_ci/run-tests.sh

Security

Validate the Downloaded Binary

gruntwork-install will retrieve the desired GitHub Release Asset specified by the --binary-name property, but how can we confirm that this binary has not been tampered with? In short, we trust that the maintainer has been responsible and not allowed a malicious third-party to corrupt the Release Asset.

You can narrow the scope of this trust by computing a checksum on a Release Asset using a UNIX command like shasum -a 256 /path/to/file when you first download the release. You can then feed this value (e.g. b0b30cc24aed1b8cded2df903183b884c77f086efffc36ef19876d1c55fef93d) to --binary-sha256-checksum or --binary-sha512-checksum. If the checksum does not match, gruntwork-install will fail with an error. This way, you are at least notified if the Release Asset you initially downloaded has since been changed.

Is it safe to pipe URLs into bash?

Are you worried that our install instructions tell you to pipe a URL into bash? Although this approach has seen some backlash, we believe that the convenience of a one-line install outweighs the minimal security risks. Below is a brief discussion of the most commonly discussed risks and what you can do about them.

Risk #1: You don't know what the script is doing, so you shouldn't blindly execute it.

This is true of all installers. For example, have you ever inspected the install code before running apt-get install or brew install or double clicking a .dmg or .exe file? If anything, a shell script is the most transparent installer out there, as it's one of the few that allows you to inspect the code (feel free to do so, as this script is open source!). The reality is that you either trust the developer or you don't. And eventually, you automate the install process anyway, at which point manual inspection isn't a possibility anyway.

Risk #2: The download URL could be hijacked for malicious code.

This is unlikely, as it is an https URL, and your download program (e.g. curl) should be verifying SSL certs. That said, Certificate Authorities have been hacked in the past, and perhaps the Gruntwork GitHub account could be hacked in the future, so if that is a major concern for you, feel free to copy the bootstrap code into your own codebase and execute it from there. Alternatively, in the future we will publish checksums of all of our releases, so you could optionally verify the checksum before executing the script.

Risk #3: The script may not download fully and executing it could cause errors.

We wrote our bootstrap-gruntwork-installer.sh as a series of bash functions that are only executed by the very last line of the script. Therefore, if the script doesn't fully download, the worst that'll happen when you execute it is a harmless syntax error.

TODO

1. Configure a CI build to automatically set the --version flag for each release.
2. Add an uninstall command that uses an uninstall.sh script in each module.
3. Add support for modules declaring their dependencies. Alternatively, consider Nix again as a dependency manager.