NAME
    ZFOR - Z Fail-Over Resolver

DESCRIPTION
    ZFOR is a virtual hostname resolver that supports health checking and
    load-balancing. It could be used to take over some VIP works.

COMPILE ZFOR

* Prerequsite: erlang(>=R11B), gcc(>=3.4), (optional) php(>=5.2), alien
* Steps:
    0. MAKE SURE TO change the content of cfg/erlang.cookie
    1. make PREFIX=/usr/local (Compiling zfor server and client library)
    2. (optional) make PREFIX=/usr/local ext (Compiling PHP extension)
    3. make PREFIX=/usr/local pkg (Make zfor server package)
    4. (optional) make PREFIX=/usr/local ext-pkg (Make zfor PHP package)


INSTALL ZFOR

* For .tgz package:
    1. sudo tar -xzpPf zfor*.tgz
    2. (optional) sudo tar -xzpPf php-zfor*.tgz

* For .deb package:
    1. sudo dpkg -i zfor*.deb
    2. (optional) sudo dpkg -i php-zfor*.deb

* For .rpm package:
    1. sudo rpm -Uvh zfor*.rpm
    2. (optional) sudo rpm -Uvh php-zfor*.rpm


ZFOR ADMIN

* sudo -u nobody zfor-start (Start zfor server)
* sudo -u nobody zfor-stop (Stop zfor server)
* zfor-conf (Dump current config files read by zfor server)
* zfor-stat (Dump current host status stored in zfor server)
* zfor-host <hostname> (Resolve given hostname through zfor service)
* zfor-shell (Connect to zfor server shell, press ^Gq to quit. Use with care!)


RELEASE STRUCTURE

    $(PREFIX)                     - Release root (default to /usr/local/)
        +- bin/                 - Contains all zfor executable/script files
        +- lib/                 - Contains libzfor.so
        +- include/             - Contains libzfor header files
        +- share/
            +- zfor/
                +- ebin/         - Contains zfor server beam files
                +- src/         - Contains zfor server source files
                +- include/     - Contains zfor server common header files
        +- logs/
            +- zfor/             - zfor server runtime logging files places here
        +- conf/
            +- zfor/             - ERTS setting files for zfor server places here
        +- etc/
            +- zfor/             - zfor virtual host config files places here


NOTES

In the latest libzfor.so, getaddrinfo() is intercepted and most program using
this function should be able to working along with ZFOR by simply preloading
libzfor.so. No more need to modifying code to resolve hostnames using
zfor_gethostbyname() explicitly. For example:

    $ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libzfor.so curl "http://a.zfor"

But an exception is the CURL extension in PHP with RTLD_DEEPBIND flag enabled
in dlopen (such as the one comes within Ubuntu-release). The RTLD_DEEPBIND flag
restricted symbol resolution scope to the extension and its dependencies.
Because CURL extension doesn't depends libzfor.so explicitly, the getaddrinfo()
alias provided by libzfor.so will not be considered while performing symbol
resolving.

One solution to make preloading libzfor.so working without modify PHP or the
CURL extension, is preloading both libzfor.so and libcurl.so at one time. The
appearance order doesn't matter. For example:

    $ LD_PRELOAD="/usr/local/lib/libzfor.so /usr/lib/libcurl.so" \
        php -r '$ch=curl_init("http://xx.zfor");curl_exec($ch);'

It's because shared library will only be loaded ONCE. As the preloaded
libcurl.so already resolved getaddrinfo() symbol using the one provided by
libzfor.so, the resolution scope restriction suffered in loading CURL extension
no more affects the libzfor.so intercepting process.

You can reference these threads for this problem:

    - http://marc.info/?l=php-internals&m=116196463608982&w=2
    - "The RTLD_DEEPBIND bug" section in
    http://forge.continuent.org/pipermail/carob-commits/2007-August/001683.html

* zfor_gethostbyname() / zfor_getaddrinfo() defaults to fail-back mode: when
resolving failed through zfor service, turn to use system-wide DNS resolving
APIs to do the job. You can use zfor_gethostbyname2() / zfor_getaddrinfo2() to
control the fail-back behavior. When using preloading way, the fail-back mode
can be controlled through environment variable ZFOR_HOOK_CTL, set it to "nfb"
to use non-failback mode, and "fb" (which is default) to use failback mode, for
example:

    $ ZFOR_HOOK_CTL=nfb LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libzfor.so curl "http://a.zfor"

AUTHORS
    chaoslawful (王晓哲) (chaoslawful [at] gmail [dot] com)

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
    ZFOR is licensed under the BSD License

    Copyright (c) 2008, Yahoo! China Platform Works, Alibaba Inc. All
    rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    met:

    *   Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    *   Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    *   Neither the name of the Yahoo! China EEEE Works, Alibaba Inc. nor
    the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
    products derived from this software without specific prior written
    permission.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
    IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
    TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
    PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
    OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
    EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
    PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
    PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
    NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
    SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.