svg-sprite

svg-sprite is a low-level Node.js module that takes a bunch of SVG files, optimizes them and bakes them into SVG sprites of several types:

• Traditional CSS sprites for use as background images,
• CSS sprites with pre-defined <view> elements, useful for foreground images as well,
• inline sprites using the <defs> element,
• inline sprites using the <symbol> element
• and SVG stacks.

It comes with a set of Mustache templates for creating stylesheets in good ol' CSS or one of the major pre-processor formats (Sass, Less and Stylus). Tweaking the templates or even adding your own custom output format is really easy, just as switching on the generation of an HTML example document along with your sprite.

For an up-to-date list of browsers supporting SVG in general respectively SVG fragment identifiers in particular (required for <defs> and <symbol> sprites as well as SVG stacks) please refer to caniuse.com.

Grunt, Gulp & Co.

Being a low-level library with support for Node.js streams, svg-sprite doesn't take on the part of accessing the file system (i.e. reading the source SVGs from and writing the sprites and CSS files to disk). If you don't want to take care of this stuff yourself, you might rather have a look at the available wrappers for Grunt (grunt-svg-sprite) and Gulp (gulp-svg-sprite). svg-sprite is also the foundation of the iconizr project, which serves high-quality SVG based CSS icon kits with PNG fallbacks.

Table of contents

• Installation
• Getting started
  • Usage pattern
  • Standard API
  • Grunt & Gulp wrappers
• Configuration basics
  • General configuration options
  • Output modes
    • Common mode properties
    • Basic examples
  • Output destinations
    • Pre-processor formats and the sprite location
  • Full configuration documentation
  • Online configurator & project kickstarter
• Advanced techniques
  • Meta data injection
  • Aligning and duplicating shapes
  • Tweaking and adding output formats
• Command line usage
• Known problems / To-do
• Changelog
• Legal

Installation

To install svg-sprite globally, run:

npm install svg-sprite -g

Getting started

Crafting a sprite with svg-sprite typically follows these steps:

1. You create an instance of the SVGSpriter, passing a main configuration object to the constructor.
2. You register a couple of SVG source files for processing.
3. You trigger the compilation process and receive the generated files (sprite, CSS, example documents etc.).

The procedure is the very same for all supported sprite types («modes»).

Usage pattern

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const SVGSpriter = require('svg-sprite');

// Create spriter instance (see below for `config` examples)
const spriter = new SVGSpriter(config);

// Add SVG source files — the manual way ...
spriter.add('assets/svg-1.svg', null, fs.readFileSync('assets/svg-1.svg', 'utf-8'));
spriter.add('assets/svg-2.svg', null, fs.readFileSync('assets/svg-2.svg', 'utf-8'));
/* ... */

// Compile the sprite
spriter.compile((error, result) => {
  /* Write `result` files to disk (or do whatever with them ...) */
  for (const mode of Object.values(result)) {
    for (const resource of Object.values(mode)) {
      fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(resource.path), { recursive: true });
      fs.writeFileSync(resource.path, resource.contents);
    }
  }
});

// Or compile the sprite async
const { result } = await spriter.compileAsync();
/* Write `result` files to disk (or do whatever with them ...) */
for (const mode of Object.values(result)) {
  for (const resource of Object.values(mode)) {
    fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(resource.path), { recursive: true });
    fs.writeFileSync(resource.path, resource.contents);
  }
}

As you can see, big parts of the above are dealing with disk I/O. In this regard, you can make your life easier by using the Grunt or Gulp wrappers instead of the standard API.

Configuration basics

Of course you noticed the config variable passed to the constructor in the above example. This is svg-sprite's main configuration — an Object with the following properties:

{
  dest: <String>, // Main output directory
  log: <String|Logger>, // Logging verbosity or custom logger
  shape: <Object>, // SVG shape configuration
  svg: <Object>, // Common SVG options
  variables: <Object>, // Custom templating variables
  mode: <Object> // Output mode configurations
}

If you don't provide a configuration object altogether, svg-sprite uses built-in defaults for these properties, so in fact, they are all optional. However, you will need to enable at least one output mode (mode property) to get reasonable results (i.e. a sprite of some type).

General configuration options

Many configuration properties (all except mode) apply to all sprites created by the same spriter instance. The default values are:

// Common svg-sprite config options and their default values
const config = {
  dest: '.', // Main output directory
  log: null, // Logging verbosity (default: no logging)
  shape: { // SVG shape related options
    id: { // SVG shape ID related options
      separator: '--', // Separator for directory name traversal
      generator: function () { /*...*/ }, // SVG shape ID generator callback
      pseudo: '~' // File name separator for shape states (e.g. ':hover')
    },
    dimension: {// Dimension related options
      maxWidth: 2000, // Max. shape width
      maxHeight: 2000, // Max. shape height
      precision: 2, // Floating point precision
      attributes: false, // Width and height attributes on embedded shapes
    },
    spacing: { // Spacing related options
      padding: 0, // Padding around all shapes
      box: 'content' // Padding strategy (similar to CSS `box-sizing`)
    },
    transform: ['svgo'], // List of transformations / optimizations
    meta: null, // Path to YAML file with meta / accessibility data
    align: null, // Path to YAML file with extended alignment data
    dest: null // Output directory for optimized intermediate SVG shapes
  },
  svg: { // General options for created SVG files
    xmlDeclaration: true, // Add XML declaration to SVG sprite
    doctypeDeclaration: true, // Add DOCTYPE declaration to SVG sprite
    namespaceIDs: true, // Add namespace token to all IDs in SVG shapes
    namespaceIDPrefix: '', // Add a prefix to the automatically generated namespaceIDs
    namespaceClassnames: true, // Add namespace token to all CSS class names in SVG shapes
    dimensionAttributes: true // Width and height attributes on the sprite
  },
  variables: {} // Custom Mustache templating variables and functions
}

Please refer to the configuration documentation for details.

Output modes

At the moment, svg-sprite supports five different output modes (i.e. sprite types), each of them has its own characteristics and use cases. It's up to you to decide which sprite type is the best choice for your project. The mode option controls which sprite types are created. You may enable more than one output mode at a time — svg-sprite will happily create several sprites in parallel.

To enable the creation of a specific sprite type with default values, simply set the appropriate mode property to true:

const config = {
  mode: {
    css: true, // Create a «css» sprite
    view: true, // Create a «view» sprite
    defs: true, // Create a «defs» sprite
    symbol: true, // Create a «symbol» sprite
    stack: true // Create a «stack» sprite
  }
}

To further configure a sprite, pass in an object with configuration options:

// «symbol» sprite with CSS stylesheet resource
const config = {
  mode: {
    css: {
      // Configuration for the «css» sprite
      // ...
    }
  }
}

Common mode properties

Many mode properties are shared between the different sprite types, but there are also type specific options. Please refer to the configuration documentation for a complete list of settings.

// Common mode properties
const config = {
  mode: {
    <mode>: {
      dest: "<mode>", // Mode specific output directory
      prefix: "svg-%s", // Prefix for CSS selectors
      dimensions: "-dims", // Suffix for dimension CSS selectors
      sprite: "svg/sprite.<mode>.svg", // Sprite path and name
      bust: true || false, // Cache busting (mode dependent default value)
      render: { // Stylesheet rendering definitions
        /* -------------------------------------------
        css: false, // CSS stylesheet options
        scss: false, // Sass stylesheet options
        less: false, // LESS stylesheet options
        styl: false, // Stylus stylesheet options
        <custom>: ... // Custom stylesheet options
        -------------------------------------------  */
      },
      example: false // Create an HTML example document
    }
  }
}

Basic examples

A) Standalone sprite

Foreground image sprite with <symbol> elements (for being <use>d in your HTML source):

// «symbol» sprite with CSS stylesheet resource
const config = {
  mode: {
    symbol: {    // Create a «symbol» sprite
      inline: true // Prepare for inline embedding
    }
  }
}

B) CSS sprite with Sass resource

Traditional CSS sprite with a Sass stylesheet:

// «css» sprite with Sass stylesheet resource
const config = {
  mode: {
    css: { // Create a «css» sprite
      render: {
        scss: true // Render a Sass stylesheet
      }
    }
  }
}

C) Multiple sprites

<defs> sprite, <symbol> sprite and an SVG stack all at once:

// «defs», «symbol» and «stack» sprites in parallel
const config = {
  mode: {
    defs: true,
    symbol: true,
    stack: true
  }
}

D) No sprite at all

mode-less run, returning the optimized SVG shapes only:

// Just optimize source SVG files, create no sprite
const config = {
  shape: {
    dest: 'path/to/out/dir'
  }
}

Output destinations

Depending on your particular configuration, svg-sprite creates a lot of files that partly refer to each other. Several configuration options are controlling the exact location of each file, and you are well advised to spend a moment understanding how they interrelate with each other.

Relative destination paths refer to their ancestors as shown in the following scheme, with the current working directory being the ultimate base.

    Destination option           Default         Comment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cwd $   <dest>/                .           Main output directory
      <mode.css.dest>/           css           «css» base directory
        <mode.css.sprite>        svg/sprite.css.svg  Sprite location
        <mode.css.render.css.dest>   sprite.css      CSS stylesheet location
        <mode.css.render.scss.dest>  sprite.scss       Sass stylesheet location
        ...
      <mode.view>/             view          «view» base directory
        ...

By default, stylesheet resources are generated directly into the respective mode's base directory.

"Oh wait! Didn't you say that svg-sprite doesn't access the file system? So why do you need output directories at all?" — Well, good point. svg-sprite uses vinyl file objects to pass along virtual resources and to specify where they are intended to be located. This is especially important for relative file paths (e.g. the path of an SVG sprite as used by a CSS stylesheet).

Pre-processor formats and the sprite location

Special care needs to be taken when you create a CSS sprite («css» or «view» mode) along with a stylesheet in one of the pre-processor formats (Sass, LESS, Stylus, etc.). In this case, calculating the correct relative SVG sprite path as used by the stylesheets can become tricky, as your (future) plain CSS compilation doesn't necessarily lie side by side with the pre-processor file. svg-sprite doesn't know anything about your pre-processor workflow, so it might have to estimate the location of the CSS file:

1. If you truly configured CSS output in addition to the pre-processor format, svg-sprite uses your custom mode.<mode>.render.css.dest as the CSS stylesheet location.
2. If you just enabled CSS output by setting mode.<mode>.render.css to true, the default value applies, which is mode.<mode>.dest / "sprite.css".
3. The same holds true when you don't enable CSS output at all. svg-sprite then simply assumes that the CSS file will be created where the defaults would put it, which is again mode.<mode>.dest / "sprite.css".

So even if you don't enable plain CSS output explicitly, please make sure to set mode.<mode>.dest to where your final CSS file is intended to be.

Full configuration documentation

The complete configuration documentation including all options can be found here.

Online configurator & project kickstarter

To get you quickly off the ground, I made a simple online configurator that lets you create a custom svg-sprite configuration in seconds. You may download the results as plain JSON, Node.js project, Gruntfile, or Gulpfile. Please visit the configurator at https://svg-sprite.github.io/svg-sprite/.

Advanced techniques

Meta data injection

In order to improve accessibility, svg-sprite can read meta data from a YAML file and inject <title> and <description> elements into your SVGs. Please refer to the meta data injection guide for details.

Aligning and duplicating shapes

For CSS sprites using a "horizontal" or "vertical" layout it is sometimes desirable to align the shapes within the sprite. With the help of an external YAML file, svg-sprite can not only control the alignment for each individual shape but also create displaced copies of them without significantly increasing the sprite's file size.

Tweaking and adding output formats

svg-sprite uses Mustache templates for rendering the various CSS resources. This makes it very easy to tailor the generated CSS / Sass / LESS / Stylus resources to your needs or add completely new output formats. Please refer to the templating guide to learn about the details.

Command line usage

svg-sprite comes with a pretty feature complete command line version. A typical example could look like this:

svg-sprite --css --css-render-css --css-example --dest=out assets/*.svg

Please refer to the CLI guide for further details.

Known problems / To-do

• SVGO does not minify element IDs when there are <style> or <script> elements contained in the file

Changelog

Please refer to the GitHub releases for a complete release history.

Legal

Copyright © 2018 Joschi Kuphal joschi@kuphal.net / @jkphl. svg-sprite is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. The contained example SVG icons are part of the Tango Icon Library and belong to the Public Domain.