Add the moral rebels data

cmu-statds-datasets.csv

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ date,datayear,title,description,subject,categories,url
 2017-06-14,2017,Sugary drinks and portion limits,Public health officials are interested in policies that would reduce consumption of sugary drinks. What policies work and what policies backfire? A factorial experiment.,psychology,"ANOVA, logistic regression",https://cmustatistics.github.io/data-repository/psychology/sugary-drinks.html
 2019-09-01,2019,Serving sizes and plate sizes,Do people eat more food if their meals are served on larger plates? A randomized experiment with demographic and psychological control variables.,psychology,"ANOVA, linear regression",https://cmustatistics.github.io/data-repository/psychology/plate-size.html
 2017-02-25,2017,Religion and analytic thinking,A controversial study found that encouraging analytic thinking also reduced religious belief. A replication attempt collected much more data to try to confirm the hypothesis; is it supported by the data? A simple randomized experiment with continuous outcome and demographic controls.,psychology,"ANOVA, linear regression",https://cmustatistics.github.io/data-repository/psychology/religion-analytic-thinking.html
+2017-02-24,2015,Resenting moral rebels,We usually applaud people who rebel against the status quo for moral reasons – but those involved in the status quo do not. An experiment attempts to understand why this is.,psychology,ANOVA,https://cmustatistics.github.io/data-repository/psychology/moral-rebels.html
 2023-09-06,2023,Mapping Police Violence,"Each year in the United States, around 1,000 people are killed by police. Some of these deaths are accidental, in traffic accidents and other incidents; some are deliberate killings considered legally justified by authorities; and others are considered unjustified or even lead to the prosecution of the police officer. Explore data on over 10,000 such killings to identify patterns in the people killed, the stated reasons for their killings, and the situations leading to their deaths.",politics,"GLMs, linear regression, logistic regression",https://cmustatistics.github.io/data-repository/politics/mapping-police-violence.html
 2023-06-20,2022,World Development Indicators,"The World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) compile development information about countries around the world. Using ten years of data, study development, political stability, pollution, and other factors at the national and regional levels.",politics,"linear regression, ANOVA",https://cmustatistics.github.io/data-repository/politics/world-bank.html
 2023-09-07,2020,Fiscally standardized cities,Extensive financial data on over 200 of the largest cities in the United States for over 40 years. Which cities spend the most or the least on government services?,politics,"EDA, clustering",https://cmustatistics.github.io/data-repository/politics/standard-cities.html

psychology/moral-rebels.qmd

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+---
+title: Resenting moral rebels
+author: Alex Reinhart
+date: February 24, 2017
+description: We usually applaud people who rebel against the status quo for moral
+ reasons -- but those involved in the status quo do not. An experiment
+ attempts to understand why this is.
+categories:
+ - ANOVA
+data:
+ year: 2015
+ files:
+ - moral-rebels.csv
+---
+
+## Motivation
+
+In 2008, three psychologists published a paper in the *Journal of Personality
+and Social Psychology* about "moral rebels": people who, despite being under
+pressure to conform, instead rebel to do what they think is morally right.
+Consider [Frank Serpico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Serpico), for
+example, a New York Police Department officer in the 1960s and early 70s who,
+aware many fellow officers were corrupt, finally spoke out and brought evidence
+to the *New York Times*, leading to reform; or
+[Oskar Schindler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Schindler), a Nazi Party
+member who nonetheless worked to save the lives of 1,200 Jewish workers during
+the Holocaust.
+
+The psychologists observed that moral rebels, though widely admired by
+outsiders, are often not well-appreciated by their peers who were involved in
+the activities they rebelled against. (Frank Serpico, for example, was shot,
+possibly in a set-up by other police officers.) They hypothesized that peers of
+moral rebels feel threatened: accepting the rebel would mean admitting their own
+behavior was wrong, and it is easier to condemn the rebel than to admit you have
+done wrong.
+
+The psychologists performed several experiments to test their hypothesis. We're
+interested in experiment 4, which tested the hypothesis that
+self-affirmation---performing some activity to make you feel good about
+yourself---would make it easier to accept the rebel. Their experiment found
+evidence for this hypothesis.
+
+Here's the experiment. Participants (undergraduate students) were assigned to
+one of three experimental conditions: obedient, rebel control, or rebel
+self-affirmation. They were then asked to imagine that a burglary had just
+occurred, and they were then given three photographs of potential suspects,
+along with descriptions of each suspect. The participants, on the basis of the
+photographs and descriptions, were supposed to choose which suspect was most
+likely the burglar, and fill out a form indicating why they made this choice.
+
+Two of the photographs depicted white men. The third was "Steven Jones", an
+African American man, whose description indicated he had a previous criminal
+record and no alibi---the descriptions were designed to make him the most
+likely suspect.
+
+After making the choice and filling out the form, participants were shown a form
+purportedly from someone else who participated in the study (though it was
+actually prepared by the experimenters). Those in the "obedient" condition were
+shown a form picking Steven Jones as the burglar. Those in both "rebel"
+conditions were shown a form by someone stating "I refuse to make a choice here"
+on the grounds that it's "offensive to make a black man the obvious suspect".
+Participants were then asked a series of questions about the other participant
+whose form they viewed.
+
+The crucial difference was between the "rebel control" and the "rebel
+self-affirmation" groups. Participants in the "rebel self-affirmation", between
+filling in their own form and viewing the fake form, were asked to write a short
+essay about "a recent experience in which you demonstrated a quality of value
+that is very important to you and which made you feel good about yourself."
+Participants in the other two groups, as a placebo, were just asked to describe
+what they had eaten in the past two days.
+
+This dataset presents the results of a replication of this experiment, conducted
+as part of the
+[Reproducibility Project: Psychology](https://osf.io/ezcuj/wiki/home/), a
+massive project to redo experiments from 100 different papers from psychological
+journals, to determine if their results hold up when tested again. Our goal is
+to see if the self-affirmation task made participants feel better about the
+rebel than those in the control group.
+
+## Data
+
+The data file contains results from 75 participants: 20 in the obedient
+condition, 28 in rebel control, and 27 in rebel self-affirmation. (Assignment to
+conditions was done randomly.) The replication, instead of using undergraduate
+students, used participants from Amazon's
+[Mechanical Turk service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Mechanical_Turk),
+who completed the task entirely online.
+
+### Data preview
+
+```{r, echo=FALSE, results="asis"}
+source("../preview_dataset.R")
+preview_datasets()
+```
+
+### Variable descriptions
+
+Variable | Description
+---------|------------
+`Condition` | Which group the participant was in (Obedient, Rebel Affirmed, or Rebel Control)
+`Gender` | Participant's self-reported sex (1 = male, 2 = female)
+`Ethnicity` | Participant's self-reported ethnicity (1 = White, 2 = Asian, 3 = Hispanic, 4 = Native American, 5 = Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 6 = African American)
+`YOB` | Participant's year of birth
+`Other.Work` | "How much would you like to work on a project with the other participant?"
+`Other.Friend` | "How much would you like the other participant as a friend?"
+`Other.Respect` | "How much do you respect the other participant?"
+`AboutGuess` | "What do you think this study was about?"
+`FoodList` | For those in the "obedient" and "rebel control" groups, the foods they ate over the past two days
+`ExplainChoice` | Explanation of their choice of suspect in the task
+`ValueDescription` | For those in the "rebel self-affirmation group", the story they wrote about the value they demonstrated
+`ValueName` | For those in the "rebel self-affirmation" group, the value they demonstrated
+`ValueImportance` | How important that value is to them
+`Choice.happy` | How happy participants were with their choice (after seeing the other participant's choice)
+`Self.Work` | Along with `Self.Friend` and `Self.Respect`, their answer to how they felt the other participant would feel about working with them, being their friend, or respecting them
+
+There are a range of columns like `Intelligent`, `Strong`, `Moral` and so on,
+which reflect the participant's ratings of the *other* (fake) participant. Those
+labeled `Self.Moral`, `Self.happy` and so on are their ratings of themselves.
+
+The original psychologists combined `Other.Work`, `Other.Friend`, and
+`Other.Respect` into a combined score by averaging them.
+
+## Questions
+
+1. Is there a difference in how participants viewed the *other* participant
+ (based on the `Other.Work`, `Other.Friend`, and `Other.Respect` scores),
+ depending on which `Condition` they were in? Does the data support the
+ psychologists' original hypothesis?
+
+2. What about participants impressions of how moral the other participant was?
+ What does this mean for the research hypothesis?
+
+3. Repeat your analysis from question 1, but using `Self.Work`, `Self.Friend`,
+ and `Self.Respect`. Interpret and explain your results.
+
+4. Think about the experimental design. Does it adequately test the
+ psychological hypotheses? Are there any threats to its validity or
+ generalizability?
+
+## References
+
+B Monin, PJ Sawyer, MJ Marquez (2008). The rejection of moral rebels: resenting
+those who do the right thing. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology*,
+95.1: 76-93. <https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.76>
+
+Replicated as part of: Open Science Collaboration (2015). Estimating the
+reproducibility of psychological science. *Science*, 349 (6251), aac4716.
+<https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4716>
+
+Replication data available from <https://osf.io/pz0my/>.