[release-1.34] integration tests: switch some base images

[nalind]

What type of PR is this?

/kind failing-test

What this PR does / why we need it:

Replace some of the base images we've been using (particularly centos:8, which will EOL soon) with other images hosted on quay.io.

We already use registries.conf at test-time to redirect some image references there, so this will slightly reduce the number of registries which we need to be able to reach while running these tests.

Manually cherry-picked from #5499 to resolve conflicts.

How to verify it

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

None

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

None

[openshift-ci]

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[packit-as-a-service]

Ephemeral COPR build failed. @containers/packit-build please check.

[nalind]

/label jira

[openshift-ci]

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