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<meta property="og:description" content="不存在的历史，勾起了石月仙的注意，随着找寻真相的深入，一个隐瞒了全世界的阴谋浮出水面。而对于人类，阴谋何来，何从，何去？">
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<title>《飞石》Pt.1 未掷出的石子 第一章：不存在的历史 - 创新者.老王的博客</title>

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<title>聊聊知乎盐选反爬 (回答页篇) - 创新者.老王的博客</title>

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Expand Down Expand Up @@ -304,7 +302,13 @@ <h1 id="seo-header">聊聊知乎盐选反爬 (回答页篇)</h1>

<p>最近，知乎上线了针对专栏<sup id="fnref:1" class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn:1" rel="footnote"><span class="hint--top hint--rounded" aria-label="专栏反爬现已更新，故本文只以回答反爬为演示。">[1]</span></a></sup>中盐选文章的反爬系统，随后该系统也被运用在知乎回答页面中的盐选文章上。具体表现为爬取的文章内容中出现大量的错乱词汇。而在本篇文章中，我们将一步步带领各位解开这些乱码。在这个过程中，我们将对字体反爬有更深入的认识，并学到运用字体反爬时需要注意的问题。</p>
<h2 id="一、知乎反爬效果"><a href="#一、知乎反爬效果" class="headerlink" title="一、知乎反爬效果"></a>一、知乎反爬效果</h2><p>来自知乎回答<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/41922324/answer/3073556909">不被爱是一种什么样的感受？ - 知乎</a></p>
<p><img src="/../img/image.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="乱码示意图"> </p>
<p>
<picture>
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image.png.avif" type="image/avif">
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image.png.webp" type="image/webp">
<img src="/../img/image.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="乱码示意图">
</picture>
</p>
<p>如图所示，在页面源码中出现了大量乱码，例如（原字，错字）：<sup id="fnref:2" class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn:2" rel="footnote"><span class="hint--top hint--rounded" aria-label="由于知乎回答页反爬使用了两套字体，故本文所有截图，代码运行结果等内容可能与实际不符。你可以选择以实际为主或刷新页面直到页面显示的内容与本文一致。">[2]</span></a></sup></p>
<ul>
<li>中 -&gt; 在</li>
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<p>这些乱码使得文章可读性大大下降，那么乱码是怎么产生的？又如何解决这个问题呢？</p>
<h2 id="二、找寻乱码真凶"><a href="#二、找寻乱码真凶" class="headerlink" title="二、找寻乱码真凶"></a>二、找寻乱码真凶</h2><p>观察上述现象，页面源码中的字，在被显示到页面后，居然变成了正确的字。因此我们初步推断知乎在该页面运用了字体反爬。</p>
<p>接下来我们打开 F12 -&gt; Network 页面，选择 Font，观察知乎加载的字体。</p>
<p><img src="/../img/image-1.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="知乎加载的字体"></p>
<p>
<picture>
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-1.png.avif" type="image/avif">
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-1.png.webp" type="image/webp">
<img src="/../img/image-1.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="知乎加载的字体">
</picture>
</p>
<p>右键选择 Open in new tab 将字体保存下来。</p>
<p><img src="/../img/image-2.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="下载的字体文件"></p>
<p>
<picture>
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-2.png.avif" type="image/avif">
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-2.png.webp" type="image/webp">
<img src="/../img/image-2.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="下载的字体文件">
</picture>
</p>
<p>将字体后缀名改为 .ttf <sup id="fnref:3" class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn:3" rel="footnote"><span class="hint--top hint--rounded" aria-label=".ttf 是因为 `data:font/ttf;...` 代表该字体是 ttf 格式的。">[3]</span></a></sup> 并打开。</p>
<div class="group-image-container"><div class="group-image-row"><div class="group-image-wrap"><img src="/../img/image-3.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="正常字体"></div><div class="group-image-wrap"><img src="/../img/image-4.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="反爬字体"></div></div></div>
<div class="group-image-container"><div class="group-image-row"><div class="group-image-wrap">
<picture>
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-3.png.avif" type="image/avif">
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-3.png.webp" type="image/webp">
<img src="/../img/image-3.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="正常字体">
</picture>
</div><div class="group-image-wrap">
<picture>
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-4.png.avif" type="image/avif">
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-4.png.webp" type="image/webp">
<img src="/../img/image-4.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="反爬字体">
</picture>
</div></div></div>
<figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="image-caption">左：正常字体 右：反爬字体</figcaption>

<p>与正常字体对比，我们下载的字体明显替换了部分字体，这便是知乎用于反爬的字体了。接下来我们将分析这个字体并给出应对方案。</p>
<h2 id="三、致命缺陷"><a href="#三、致命缺陷" class="headerlink" title="三、致命缺陷"></a>三、致命缺陷</h2><p>字体反爬的根本原理是替换原本的字为一个新字，再用字体将新字渲染为原字，这样对程序而言就只见到新字而不是旧字了，而用户看到的还是原本的内容。因此只要找到新字与原字间的对应关系便可解决该反爬。而要找到这个对应关系，抓住字体中各个字形的特征是必不可少的一环。</p>
<p>我们打开 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://fontdrop.info/">FontDrop!</a> 加载字体，向下翻，观察字形的特征。</p>
<p><img src="/../img/image-5.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="字体中的字形"></p>
<p>
<picture>
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-5.png.avif" type="image/avif">
<source lazyload-data data-srcset="/../img/image-5.png.webp" type="image/webp">
<img src="/../img/image-5.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="字体中的字形">
</picture>
</p>
<p>我们发现字形的 Glyph 为 uni662F 而 Unicode 为 65F6，接下来我们试着查询这两个十六进制数对应的字：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python">glyph = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\u662F&quot;</span><br>unicode = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\u65F6&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(glyph, unicode)<br><span class="hljs-comment"># output: 是 时</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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