homogenised some translations

xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00002.xml

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ n="20"/>r</rdg>
 <div type="translation" resp="part:daba">
 <p n="1-10">From the ocean that is the majestic Calukya lineage there arose a moon of a king whose pair of lotus feet is strewn with the light of gems on the diadems of enemy kings bowed down by the <supplied reason="subaudible">mere</supplied> frown of his elegant brows: King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Satyāśraya <supplied reason="explanation">Pulakeśin II</supplied>, the Favourite of Fortune <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī-vallabha</foreign></supplied>. His dear younger brother His Majesty the supremely pious King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Viṣṇuvardhana—who is <supplied reason="subaudible">known as</supplied> Viṣamasiddhi because he prevails even over forts in adverse <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣama</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">conditions</supplied> on land, water, woodland and hills; who is a cow of plenty <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kāma-dhenu</foreign></supplied> through his showering of rains of goods on the destitute, the helpless and the twice-born; who is Makaradhvaja <supplied reason="explanation">Kāma</supplied> thanks to his beautiful body which appears to young women like Madana <supplied reason="explanation">Kāma</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">himself</supplied>; who has drowned the power of the Kali <supplied reason="subaudible">age</supplied> in the oceans of his gift-giving; who embellishes the entire circle of directions with the mark of his spotless fame arising from victory in many a battle; as versed in discipline <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vinaya</foreign></supplied> as Manu, as widely <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pr̥thu</foreign></supplied> reputed as Pr̥thu, as intelligent as <supplied reason="explanation">Br̥haspati</supplied> the Guru—instructs the gathered householders <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭumbin</foreign></supplied> inhabiting the village Kālvakoṇḍa in Dimila district <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣaya</foreign></supplied> of the following matter.</p>
 <p n="10-16">To wit: to the two grandsons of Brahmaśarman, who had studied and understood the Vedas and Vedāṅgas, the sons of Durgaśarman, who had mastered the injunctions of his own school <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śākhā</foreign></supplied> and was engaged in performing his ritual duties, <supplied reason="subaudible">namely</supplied> to Viṣṇuśarman and Mādhavaśarman of the Gautama <foreign>gotra</foreign> and the Taittirīya school <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>caraṇa</foreign></supplied>, who know the essence of many <supplied reason="explanation">texts of</supplied> lore <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āgama</foreign></supplied> such as the Vedas, Vedāṅgas, Itihāsas, Purāṇas, treatises of law <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dharma-śāstra</foreign></supplied> and so on, and who are residents of the village Ceṟupūra in Pḻaki district <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṣaya</foreign></supplied>, on the occasion of an eclipse of the moon in the Śrāvaṇa month I have given this village, converted to a rent-free holding <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>agrahāra</foreign></supplied> by a remission of all taxes in order to augment my own merit, vitality, health and glory. Let no-one pose an obstacle to this <supplied reason="explanation">ruling</supplied>. In this connection, <supplied reason="subaudible">these</supplied> two <supplied reason="subaudible">verses</supplied> were sung by Vyāsa.</p>
-<p rend="stanza" n="1">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward</seg> <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied> belongs to him at that time.</p>
+<p rend="stanza" n="1">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="2">A donor of land rejoices in heaven for sixty millennia, <supplied reason="subaudible">while</supplied> a seizer <supplied reason="subaudible">of granted land</supplied> and a condoner <supplied reason="subaudible">of such seizure</supplied> shall reside in hell for just as many.</p>
 <p n="19-20">The executor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ājñapti</foreign></supplied> is Aṭavidurjaya, born in the majestic Matsya family, who has bowed down his enemies by the strength and valour of his own arms. Year 18, month 4, day 15.</p>
 </div>         

xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00012.xml

@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ to Utpitoṟu-boya Pālaśarman of the Kāṇva <foreign>gotra</foreign>, one sh
 </item></list>
 </p>
 <p n="60-62">Let future<note>I follow Fleet in understanding <foreign>gamya</foreign> as <foreign>āgāmin</foreign>.</note> royal officers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>rājavallabha</foreign></supplied> observe, and enforce the observance of, all exemptions with regard to it. There are also these verses <supplied reason="explanation">relevant to this matter</supplied>:</p>
-<p rend="stanza" n="1">There has never been and will never be a gift superior to the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">superior</supplied> to the seizing of the same.
+<p rend="stanza" n="1">There has never been and will never be a gift surpassing the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">surpassing</supplied> the seizing of the same.
 </p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="2">
 Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.

xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00013.xml

@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ Glory! May the king <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign>
 <item>to Revaśarman, two;</item>
 <item>to Irukuṭūru-boya, two.</item></list></p>
 <p n="40">If anyone transgresses our decree, that villain deserves corporal punishment.</p>
-<p rend="stanza" n="1">There has never been and will never be a gift superior to the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">superior</supplied> to the seizing of the same.</p>
+<p rend="stanza" n="1">There has never been and will never be a gift surpassing the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">surpassing</supplied> the seizing of the same.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="2">He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, imbibes the sin of the slayer of a hundred thousand cows.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="3">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.</p>
 <p n="44-46">This decree was written <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>likhita</foreign></supplied> by the engraver <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vardhaki</foreign></supplied> Gaṁgavijaya in the thirtieth year <supplied reason="explanation">reckoned as</supplied> a year of the progressive triumphant reign of His Majesty King <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārāja</foreign></supplied> Jayasiṁha Vallabha, in the month Āśvayuja, in the bright fortnight, on the tenth day, <supplied reason="explanation">under the</supplied> Śravaṇa <supplied reason="explanation">asterism</supplied>, on Monday. Welfare!

xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00015.xml

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ n="22"/>-paryya<space type="binding-hole"/>ntaṁ kṣetr<choice><sic>ā</sic><c
 <p n="21">A gap in the hill in the area northeast of the village.</p>
 <p n="21-26">
 For the sake of increasing <supplied reason="subaudible">my</supplied> merit <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dharma</foreign></supplied> and glory, I have granted the fields delineated by four boundaries as above, converted into a Brahmanic gift <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>brahma-deya</foreign></supplied> by a remission of all taxes, <supplied reason="subaudible">the donation being</supplied> sanctified by <supplied reason="explanation">a libation of</supplied> water. He who poses an obstruction to this field exempt from all taxes shall incur <supplied reason="subaudible">the sin of</supplied> slaughtering a thousand Brahmins in Vāraṇaśī. Whoever transgresses my decree, that villain deserves corporal punishment and he, moreover, shall incur the five great sins. There are also <supplied reason="subaudible">these</supplied> verses pertinent to this:</p>
-<p rend="stanza" n="1">There has never been and will never be a gift superior to the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">superior</supplied> to the seizing of the same.</p>
+<p rend="stanza" n="1">There has never been and will never be a gift surpassing the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">surpassing</supplied> the seizing of the same.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="2">He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="3">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.</p>
 <p n="30">The executor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ājñapti</foreign></supplied> is Niravadya, the village headman of Sakalalokāśraya Śrī Pr̥thivī <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">Jayasiṁha II</supplied>.<note>As already pointed out by Hultzsch, <foreign>gāmuṇḍī</foreign> must be connected to <foreign>gāmuṇḍa</foreign>, meaning ‘village headman’ and probably derived from Sanskrit <foreign>grāma-kūṭa</foreign> (see also <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966_01"/></bibl> s.v.). The executor’s name may have been Sakalalokāśraya (compare the executor possibly named Sarvajanāśraya in the <ref target="DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00008.xml">Niḍupaṟu Grant of Jayasiṁha I</ref>), but this epithet is applied to Jayasiṁha II in line 8 and is more likely to refer to him here. It may have been Pr̥thivī or Pr̥thivīgāmuṇḍī, but the honorific preceding Pr̥thivī rather implies that it is a title of the king (short for Pr̥thivīvallabha?), and <foreign>gāmuṇḍī</foreign> is probably a common noun. Hultzsch speaks of the entire string <foreign>niravadya-sakala-lokāśraya-śrī-pr̥thivī-gāmuṇḍin</foreign> as a name, yet he does recognise that most of this string refers to the king and assumes that the headman was named after his sovereign; as another possibility, he proposes that the executor may have been Gobaḍḍi, named in line 14. I find this unlikely and believe that the name was Niravadya, but I have not investigated whether he can be identical, or related, to Niravadya Dhavala.</note></p>

xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00029.xml

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ n="3v"/>
 <p rend="stanza" n="9">solidly taking the van for his lord, annihilated an enemy army in pitched battle fiery with <supplied reason="explanation">sparks struck by</supplied> the clash of weapon on weapon.</p>
 <p n="30-31">Moreover, he is Kāma in physical beauty, Yama in wrath, Arjuna in valour and Śūdraka in daring deeds.</p>
 <p n="31-34">To him we <supplied reason="explanation">Amma I</supplied> have granted the village named Drujjūru, converted into a rent-free holding <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mānya</foreign></supplied> by a remission of all taxes. Its boundaries <supplied reason="explanation">are as follows</supplied>. To the east, the border is none other than the border of Tāḻugummi. To the south, the border is none other than the border of Goṭṭiprolu. To the west, the border is none other than the border of Malkaporamu. To the north, the border is none other than the border of Adupu. Let no obstacle be posed <supplied reason="explanation">to his enjoyment of his rights</supplied> over it. So too Vyāsa has said:</p>
-<p rend="stanza" n="10">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward</seg> <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied> belongs to him at that time.</p>
+<p rend="stanza" n="10">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="11">He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.</p>
 <p n="36">The executor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ājñapti</foreign></supplied> is the castellan <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṭaka-rāja</foreign></supplied>.
 </p>

xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00032.xml

@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ n="62"/><space/>Uttarataḥ</lem>
 <p rend="stanza" n="11">Pure in descent and even purer in conduct, proven worthy of high office <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>niyukta-karman</foreign></supplied> by trials <supplied reason="explanation">of honesty</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>upadhā</foreign></supplied>, he is esteemed by honest men, has a numerous flock of honest dependants <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṣya</foreign></supplied>, and is kind in speech and action to all living beings.</p>
 <p n="59-60">Being pleased with his excessive troubles <supplied reason="explanation">undertaken on our behalf</supplied>, we have granted to him the village Diggubaṟṟu.</p>
 <p n="61-62">Its boundaries <supplied reason="subaudible">are as follows</supplied>. To the east, Krañca. To the south, Kranūru. To the west <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied><note>It is also possible that space was left blank for the name of the western boundary and was never filled; see the apparatus to line 61.</note> to the north, Palukaunu. Let no-one pose an obstacle <supplied reason="explanation">to his enjoyment of his rights</supplied> over it.</p>
-<p rend="stanza" n="12">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward</seg> <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied> belongs to him at that time.</p>
+<p rend="stanza" n="12">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="13">He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.
 </p>
   </div>  

xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00034.xml

@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ n="9" break="no"/>śata<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">M</unclear></lem>
 <p rend="stanza" n="9">His observance <gap reason="lost"/> is purifying, his guiding principle <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>naya</foreign></supplied> is that of Manu,<note>Due to a lacuna of two characters, the interpretation of the first hemistich is not entirely certain, but its purport must have been something much like that translated here.</note> and the recitation of the Vedas and Om <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>praṇava</foreign></supplied> is second nature to him.</p>
 <p n="29-32">Let it be known to you that on the occasion of the winter solstice we have given to him the field <supplied reason="lost" cert="low">formerly belonging to</supplied><note>Due to a lacuna, the interpretation of the text is again uncertain here.</note> the <foreign>krama</foreign> reciter Dāmodara, to the west of the village named Ākulamannaṇḍu, converted into a rent-free holding <supplied reason="explanation"><note>agrahāra</note></supplied> by a remission of all taxes, <supplied reason="subaudible">the donation being</supplied> sanctified by <supplied reason="explanation">a libation of</supplied> water, on the grounds that he <supplied reason="explanation">Viddamayya</supplied> is in fact his <supplied reason="explanation">Dāmodara’s</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation" cert="low">maternal</supplied> grandson.</p>
 <p n="32-33">Its boundaries <supplied reason="subaudible">are as follows</supplied>. To the east, the great <seg cert="low">canal</seg> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koḍu</foreign></supplied><note>According to Kielhorn's note, <foreign>kōḍu</foreign> means “rivulet, branch of a river” in Telugu, but in Kannaḍa, “peak or top of a hill.”</note>. To the south, a <seg cert="low">canal</seg> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koḍu</foreign></supplied>. To the west, the border of <supplied reason="explanation" cert="low">the village</supplied> Kraṁkaṭavvā. To the north, the same. Let no-one pose an obstacle <supplied reason="explanation">to his enjoyment of his rights</supplied> over it.</p>
-<p rend="stanza" n="10">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward</seg> <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied> belongs to him at that time.</p>
+<p rend="stanza" n="10">Many <supplied reason="explanation">kings</supplied> have granted land, and many have preserved it <supplied reason="explanation">as formerly granted</supplied>. Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit <seg rend="pun">reward <supplied reason="explanation">accrued of granting it</supplied></seg> belongs to him at that time.</p>
 <p rend="stanza" n="11">He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.</p>
   </div>  
 </div>