Add additional get_proposer_head test coverage

[eserilev]

Currently clients can potentially pass all get_proposer_head spec tests without having a fully spec compliant implementation. This PR attempts to improve get_proposer_head test coverage. A new test_parent_weak test is added to check for the following scenario:

• is_head_late, is_shuffling_stable, is_shuffling_stable, is_finalization_ok, is_proposing_on_time is_head_weak all evaluate to true
• is_parent_strong evaluates to false

In this situation, the parent block doesn't have enough attestation votes and therefore the head root is returned from get_proposer_head. This new test is pretty much a copy paste of test_basic_is_parent_root with a few minor tweaks.

There are several more tests needed to further improve test coverage. This is my first time writing a consensus spec test so I'm looking for some feedback before writing additional tests.

[hwwhww]

Thank you @eserilev! Have you run this new test vector with Lighthouse?

[eserilev]

@hwwhww yes I have. On Lighthouse unstable this new test vector fails, but on this branch the test passes

[michaelsproul]

@hwwhww The test passes on LH unstable now so we are happy to merge if you are! Thanks

[ensi321]

Ran this test on Lodestar. Can confirm everything up to and include is_head_weak() are evaluated to True and is_parent_strong() is evaluated to False.